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Contents
1 Present Simple.......................................................................................... 2
There is / There are................................................................................... 3
2 Present Simple for scientific facts............................................................... 4
Any / Some with There is / There are......................................................... 5
3 Present Simple with a passive structure...................................................... 6
Present Continuous................................................................................... 7
Structures with the modal verb can and the impersonal you....................... 8
4 Future with going to................................................................................ 9
Wh- questions in the Present Continuous.................................................. 10
5 The verb to be in Past Simple.................................................................... 11
There was / There were............................................................................. 12
Comparative structures ............................................................................ 13
6 Structures with the Past Simple of regular verbs......................................... 14
Wh- questions in the Past Simple............................................................... 15
7 Past Simple of regular and irregular verbs.................................................. 16
Sequencers: First, then, after, finally........................................................... 17
8 For + the gerund....................................................................................... 18
The modal verb can in the Past Simple....................................................... 19
We use the Present Simple in the affirmative and the negative to describe regular actions and
habits and to state facts.
We use question words before do or does when we want more information. Question words
include: who, when, where, which, why, what, how.
Affirmative Interrogative
There is a museum on the ground floor. Is there a market in the village?
There are hotels in the city. Are there offices in the skyscraper?
2 Match the questions. Then, use the words to write about your neighbourhood.
playgroundlibrary
Is there
a treesparkgardens ?
Are there
basketball court flats
In my neighbourhood there is
Affirmative Negative
It grows a tail. It doesnt eat insects.
They lay eggs. They dont grow legs and feet.
We use the Present Simple in the affirmative and the negative to state scientific facts.
3 Read the text and fill in the correct form of the verb.
3
Frogs 1 lay (lay) eggs in a pond. The eggs 2 (change) into tadpoles.
A tadpole 3 (grow) a tail. It 4 (become) a froglet and it
5
(grow) legs. It 6 (eat) insects and worms. Finally, the froglets
7
(change) into frogs and they 8 (lose) their tails.
Affirmative Negative
There is some pondweed under the water. There isnt any bamboo in the pond.
There are some ducks on the pond. There arent any rocks under the water.
Interrogative
Is there any grass around the water?
Are there any frogs in the pond?
We use, There is a with singular countable nouns. We use There are some with plural countable
nouns and uncountable nouns.
We ask Is there a duck on the pond? but Is there any pondweed?
1 Draw lines to make sentences.
1 There arent any a ducks on the water?
2 There is a b grass around the pond?
3 Are there any c butterfly over the water.
4 There isnt any d frogs on the grass.
5 Is there any e pondweed in the pond.
Short answers
Yes, it is. No, it isnt.
Yes, they are. No, they arent.
We use the Present Simple with a passive structure to say what objects are made of.
We use the modal verb can and the impersonal you to describe the properties of materials.
3earring/gold/shatter 7
4chair/wood/see through 7
5shoe/leather/cut 3
2
6sword/silver/burn 7
Affirmative Negative
Im going to travel by plane. Im not going to take photos.
Youre going to see an elephant. You arent going to climb the mountains.
Hes going to canoe in the river He isnt going to camp by the beach.
Shes going to camp in the forest. She isnt going to explore the forest.
Its going to climb the mountain. It isnt going to swim in the lake.
Were going to cross the ocean. We arent going to hike around the crater.
Youre going to hike in the forest. You arent going to surf in the sea.
Theyre going to swim in the lake. They arent going to see crocodiles.
Interrogative
Am I going to canoe in the sea? Is it going to swim in the river?
Are you going to hike in the mountains? Are we going to camp by the caves?
Is he going to sail in the lake? Are you going to take a torch?
Is she going to explore the forest? Are they going to surf in the pacific?
We use the Future with going to when something has already been planned or decided.
We use Wh- question words when we want information about a fact, a person,
a thing, a place or a time.
1
1 Complete the sentences using who, what, when, where.
1 Where are we going this summer, to the beach or to the mountains?
2 are we going to do at the beach this weekend?
3 are they going to go sailing with?
4 are you going to go, this weekend or during the holidays?
5 am I going to sleep when I go to the camp, inside or outside the tent?
3 Write questions with who, what, when, where to match the answers.
1When are you going to swim in the lake? This weekend.
2 Hes going to go to Canada.
3 Were going to travel by bus.
4 Theyre going to go with their friends.
5 Im going to go hiking and canoeing.
10
We use the Past Simple of to be to describe something or someone in the past.
11
Affirmative Negative
There was a castle called Camelot. There wasnt a dragon on the shield.
There were thrones for the king and queen. There werent any battles in Camelot.
23
7
? Were there any thrones for the king and queen?
33 There was a dangerous monster in the forest.
7
?
43
7 There werent any happy centaurs.
2
?
2 Complete the sentences.
13 round table 3 thrones
In Camelot there was a round table and there were some thrones.
23 dragons 7 snakes
On the shield but .
33 king 7 knights 3
In the castle but .
43 a lion 3 snakes
In the forest and .
53 queen 3 monster
In the legend and .
12
3 Think of two famous people from the past and write comparative sentences about them.
13
We use the Past Simple to talk about something that started and ended in the past. 1
Verbs ending in e, add only d, e.g. live - lived
Verbs ending in consonant +y, change the y to i, e.g. study - studied
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t. Wh- questions require more information in the answers; we cannot answer only Yes or No.
t.
1 Match to complete the questions.
1When did they think of a the scientist test the gadget?
2Who did she work with b that great idea?
3How did they invent c on the invention?
4Where did d design it that way?
5Why did she e the submarine?
1 Where did they work on the design for the rocket?
2 did they invent the printing press? Was it a long time ago?
3 did they use to develop the first solar panels?
4Can you tell me invented this machine?
5 did they develop the blueprint so quickly?
6 did she invent that machine? What was it for?
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3 Fill in the gaps with first, then, after that and finally.
Annie Bonnie was born in Ireland. 1 , she went to America with her father.
b)
2
, she went to the Bahamas. 3 , she became a pirate
ey
and 4 , she was caught and put in prison, although she later escaped.
at)
17
For + gerund
What do you use a computer for?
I use a computer for listening to music.
What does she use a webcam for?
She uses a webcam for having video chats.
When we ask What is it for? we respond with the function of the thing.We use a gerund clause after for.
1 Fill in the gaps with the gerund of the verbs in the box.
2 Write sentences.
1a computer / do / homework We use a computer for doing our homework. .
2 a microphone / record / voice You use . 2
3a computer / play / online games I use .
4a computer / listen / to music They .
5a pen drive / save / homework He .
18
We use could and couldnt as the past tense of can/cant to talk about ability and to say that
something was possible or impossible.
Unit 1 Unit 2
bank bamboo
car park beetle
flat bridge
ground floor butterfly
hotel dragonfly
library duck
market fish
museum frog
office grass
restaurant insects
shopping centre nature trip
skyscraper path
sports centre plant
top floor pond
traffic pondweed
university rocks
water lily
board games
wetlands
camping
card games become
computer games breathe
cooking float
hide and seek grow
indoors hop
outdoors lay eggs
playing in a band leave
riding swim
running races
sailing
skateboarding
skiing
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Unit 3 Unit 4
bamboo camera
fabric comb
glass insect repellent
gold matches
leather money
metal passport
paper pyjamas
plastic rope
silver rucksack
wood sleeping bag
suitcase
bend
swimsuit
burn
tent
cut
toothbrush
fold
torch
see through
water bottle
shatter
tear beach
cave
bracelet
desert
brooch
forest
diamond
lake
earring
mountains
jewel
river
ring
sea
stone
camp
batteries
canoe
cans
climb
garden waste
explore
plastic bottles
hike
rubbish
sail
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Unit 5 Unit 6
beast flying machine
dragon helicopter
half-man light bulb
parachute
claws
printing press
feathers
robot
fins
rocket
horns
submarine
scales
tank
tail
telephone
tongue
television
wings
wheel
bored
air
brave
blade
dangerous
blueprint
famous
button
hairy
camera
kind
frame
ugly
gadget
wise
land
ancient mirror
battle rope
castle seat
king ski
knight
solar panel
legend
space
queen
spray
shield
technology
throne
wing
wizard
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Unit 7 Unit 8
anchor cable
cabin computer
cabin boy keyboard
captain microphone
crew mouse
crows nest pen drive
deck screen
galley speakers
helm webcam
mast
do homework
sailor
have a video
sails
conference
beach have video chats
coastline
continent listen to music
harbor play games
island record voices
sea send emails
storm watch films
whale
two thirds
wildlife
attachment
wind
chat
beard download
eye patch safety
feather user
hook website
jacket
tunic
turban
wig
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