721307-18-11P AID: 15597 | 30/06/2017

In figure 18-19 (a)

360o
The horizontal division is 45o
8
The phase difference is one division 45o

In figure 18-19(b)

One cycle is 4.3 Div.

360o
Each division is 84.38o
4.266
Phase difference 3.2 84.38o
270o

In 18-19(a) the peak value is Em 2 0.5V/Div.

1V
Average value, Eav 1V 0.637
0.64V

Rms value, E 1V 0.707

0.71V

4.2Div. 0.5V/Div
In 18-19(b) one wave is 4.2Div. Peak to peak, therefore peak value .
2
1.05V
Average value 1.05V 0.637
0.67V

Rms value 1.05V 0.707

0.74V

The second wave in 18-19(b) has a peak to peak measurement of 2.3Div.

2.3Div. 0.5V/Div.
Peak value
2
0.575V

Rms value 0.575V 0.707

0.41V
Average value 0.575V 0.637
0.37V