K.L.E.

Societys
B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering &Technology,Hubli

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Synopsis On major Project

DC/DC Converters for Electric Vehicles

Under the guidance of

Mr. Sachin Angadi
submitted by

NAME USN ROLL NO

1) Gururaj R Bidari 2BV15EE404 70
2) S Rohit 2BV15EE412 78
3) Sharanu P Revadigar 2BV15EE413 79
4) Sharukh M Nadaf 2BV15EE414 80
Abstract
The large number of automobiles in use around the world has caused and
continues to cause serious problems of environment and human life. Air pollution, global
warming, and the rapid depletion of the earths petroleum resources are now serious
problems. Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric
Vehicles (FCEVs) have been typically proposed to replace conventional vehicles in the near
future. Union minister of state with independent charge for power ,coal ,new and renewable
energy and mines , recently announced that only electric vehicles (EVs) will be sold in india
from 2030. Dc dc converters play a very essential role in this domain, designing and
controlling these converters by highly powered component are difficult. But by using
different controlling and driving circuits all these possible.
Introduction
Rapid depletion of the earths petroleum resources is now serious problems. ElectricVehicles
(EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) have been
typically proposed to replace conventional vehicles in the near future. Most electric and
hybrid electric configurations use two energy storage devices, one with high energy storage
capability, called the main energy system (MES), and the other with high power capacity
and reversibility, called the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS). MES provides
extended driving range, and RESS provides excellent acceleration and regenerative braking.
Energy storage or supply devices vary their output voltage with load or state of charge and
the high voltage of the DC-link create major challenges for vehicle designers when
integrating energy storage / supply devices with a traction drive. DC-DC converters can be
used to interface the elements in the electric powertrain by boosting or chopping the voltage
levels. Due to the automotive constraints, the power converter structure has to be reliable,
lightweight, small volume, with high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference and low
current/voltage ripple. If the motor used is DC motor for propulsion, DC-DC converters play
a major role in charging aswell as propulsion.
The design of an onboard battery charger is not as simple as connecting the battery straight to
the grid. The power charging the battery must be within certain specifications to prevent
damage to the battery and overall system. In terms of PHEVs, the high-energy battery pack is
to be charged with Power Factor Correction(PFC) from an AC outlet. The most common
topology for the PHEV battery charger is the two-stage approach with cascaded PFC AC-DC
and DC-DC converters. In the PFC stage, AC single phase is rectified and boosted with
power factor correction. The output of the boost converter is connected to the DC bus, and a
bidirectional converter for the battery is charging or discharging is also linked to this DC bus.
Block Diagram

Literature review:
A comparative study which presents three examples of DC-DC converter topologies
(Boost DC/DC converter, interleaved step-up DC/DC converter and Full-bridge step-up
DC/DC converter. The first structure considers a basic, single step-up converter; the second is
based on basic interleaving technique by analysing all these we selected one of the best to our
requirement (1).Design and New Control of DC/DC Converters and its control
strategy over electric vehicles difficulties in control and design of
converter over high voltage application
Different control strategies to overcome are fulfilled by (2). Multiphase
converter topologies for use in high performance applications have received increasing
interest in recent years. closed-loop control strategy, designing the dual-loop control strategy
to control the dc/dc
Converters and implementation are extracted.(3). A step-up converter is described to interface
the low, poorly regulated fuel cell output voltage with the higher voltage supercapacitor bank
and traction drive system on a small fuel cell powered electric vehicle(5)
Objectives
1. Design, simulate and experiment boost converter in open loop
2. Simulate MPPT algorithm for boost converter for Solar Electric Vehicle Charging
solutions
3. Develop driver circuit for INFINION IGBT single transistor,30A,1.6kv
4. Implement closed loop voltage control for high capacity boost converter for EV
propulsion drive.

Boost DC/DC converter

A boost DC/DC converter (step-up converter shown in Fig.2.) is a power converter with an
output DC voltage greater than its input DC voltage. It is a class of switching-mode power
supply containing at least two semiconductor switches (a diode and a switch) and at least one
energy storage element (capacitor and/or inductor). Filters made of capacitors are normally
added to the output of the converter to reduce output voltage ripple and the inductor
connected in series with the input DC source in order to reduce the current ripple. Fig. 2.
Standard step-up DC-DC converter. The smoothing inductor L is used to limit the current
ripple. The filter capacitor C can restrict the output voltage ripples.

Fig 2 standard step up dc dc converter

References

1)DC/DC Converters for Electric Vehicles Monzer Al Sakka1, Joeri Van Mierlo1 and
Hamid Gualous Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Universit de Caen Basse-Normandie.

2) Design and New Control of DC/DC Converters to Share Energy Between

Supercapacitors and Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles Mamadou Balo Camara, Hamid Gualous,
Frederic Gustin, and Alain Berthon, Member, IEEE

3) Analysis, Modeling, and Implementation of a Multidevice Interleaved DC/DC Converter

for FuelCell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Omar Hegazy, Member, IEEE, Joeri Van Mierlo,
Member, IEEE, and Philippe Lataire

4) Study of the Multilevel Converters in DC-DC Applications Fan Zhang'. ', Fang Z.
Peng'.', and Zhaoming Qian' College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University'
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Stat,: UniversitJ 2120
Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI 48824 Phone: 5 17-432-3506 Email:
zhangf@msu.edu

5)Design and Performance Evaluation of a 1O-kW Interleaved Boost Converter for a Fuel
Cell Electric Vehicle G. Calderon-Lopez, A. J. Forsyth and D. R. Nuttall The University of
Manchester/School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester,
Ukgerardo.calderon-lopezgpostgrad.manchester.ac.uk