BS.

Physical Human Development: Motor Christl Jan Tiu October 20,

Therapy Development Throughout the 2015
Lifespan

OUTLINE o Ex: Gathering food (Breast feeding) Rooting

I. Review reflex (touch-baby will turn to touched side)
then sucking reflex
II. Neonatal period
o Developed to adapt to extra uterine
III. First month
environment
IV. Second month o no voluntary contraction
V. Third month no contraction of muscle in a
VI. Fourth month voluntary way
VII. Fifth month All contraction happen due to
VIII. Sixth month reflexes
IX. Seventh month Ex: Moro reflex
X. Eighth month o Types of reflexes: see appendix
XI. Ninth month Sucking reflex:
XII. Tenth month Rooting reflex: touching the cheek,
XIII. Eleventh month then baby responses by turning
cheek toward the tactile
XIV. Beyond twelfth month
Moro reflex:
** each month has typical characteristics, some atypical
characteristics The only protective reflex
Hinulog bata, biglang
extend- yayakapin sarili-
OBJECTIVES
iiyak
1. Discuss general principal development related to motor Grasp reflex: the baby will not let go
functions of the hand
2. Discuss motor milestones for each month o Presence of all reflex
3. Discuss abnormal motor development that maybe detected o No protective reflex
during the first twelve months Atypical characteristics:
Neurological insult
I. Review o can manifest as Cerebral Palsy
Typical Development damage to neural and nervous
Cephalo-caudal: head to foot system
Proximal-distal o Tone problem
Tone: readiness of the muscle to
Gross motor to fine motor
contract
o Spastic: hypertonic flexion of muscles
o Flaccid: hypotonic (over stretched muscles)
Any absence of these indicators can be an indication of
neurologic or nervous disorder III. First Month
Definition
II. Neonatal Period 4 to 8 weeks
Senses caregiver
Definition Trust vs Mistrust (Erik Erikson) : emotional bond
From 0 to 4 weeks Typical Characteristics
Visual exploration (through rotation of head)
Birth to one month
o First to see: black and white (pattern)
Right after birth o Able to track red in a blue room (but its better
Typical characteristics: if black in a white room)
Sensory input: Baby begins to hear, to sense, and to Presence of random and purposeless movements
feel o (+) Rotation of head
Posture: o (+) Prone position the baby can lift head
o physiologic flexion with maximal effort the child can track an
o secondary: lordosis object (best if black & white)
Pull to sit (MIGHT): presence of head lag Pull to sit: (+) head lag but the baby TRIES to pull the
Reflex: most activities are directed by this head

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 UPM PT 2018 Human Development Motor Development Throughout the Lifespan

IV. Second Month Positioning:

o (+) prone
Typical Characteristics
(+) bear weight on elbows
(+) Asymmetric Neck Reflex:
(+) raise head 90 degrees
o AKA Fencers Reflex due to the
o (+) sideline
action resembling a fencer
o (+) side lying: from prone to supine
o reason why babies cant roll
o May be able to roll over from tummy to back
o Vanishes at 3 months
o Pushes down on legs
(-) Pull to sit: testing of cervical flexor and function,
(+) pull to sit by bilateral upper extremities without
elbow flexor, and abdominal muscle function
head lag
o (+) little elbow flexion
o Shows good cervical flexors and normal
o The baby attempts to flex his arm but
abdominal flexors
theres still head lag
(+) to sit with support but other babies can sit without
If prone (+) head lift to 45 degrees but NO weight
support for a few seconds
shift
o Weight shift: Atypical Characteristics
Balance (+) ANTR
Cannot reach for objects yet cant maintain the midline
since weight shift is needed cant tract the object
o (+) hold head up and begins to push Delayed Development
up when lying on tummy o Doesnt use the bilateral UE during pull to sit
(+) Smoother movement with arms and legs VII. Fifth Month
o Clinical implication: teach how to
Typical Characteristics
weight shift
(+) Prone: on hands
(+) midline knowledge
(+) stabilize the proximal part to do asymmetrical
o Optic Righting reflex: no blindfold,
movement ability to weight shift (+) reciprocal
eyes open midline
movement (AKA Bilateral Integration) TRY to creep
o Labyrinthine Righting reflex:
but unsuccessful
occluded vision o Reciprocal Movements: alternating
Atypical Characteristics movements of opposite limbs
No knowledge of the midline Ex: alternate arm beating of a drum,
one after another
V. Third Month (+) independent siting but with biomechanical
bias/advantage
Typical Characteristics o Ex: Wider base of support propping of arms
(+) Symmetry: when lying down should be straight Ring sitting
ANTR integrate: nawawala
Pull to sit: 90 degrees head flexion
Prone: babies love to play in this position
Supine the baby can distinguish the he has 2 hands
(left and right)
(+) hold, grasp
o Grasp reflex: able to grasp objects when
placed in hand but unable to release grasped
ojects
Atypical Characteristics
Asymmetry: does not lie down straight
Cant prone
Cant lift head

VI. Fourth Month (+) play things in a prone position, throwing objects
Pull to sit: with good abdominal contraction
Definition
can play with objects
16-20 weeks o seen when baby smashes objects grasped
Start of controlled and purposeful movement Atypical Characteristics
Typical Characteristics weak abdominals
Hand:
o (+) reaching of toys
weak LE
o Holding, shaking, and swinging toy at dangling cant stabilize head on supported seating
toys VIII. Sixth Month
o Brings hands to mouth
Definition
Motor development and symmetry reaches up to trunk
24-28 weeks
(hip and pelvis)
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 UPM PT 2018 Human Development Motor Development Throughout the Lifespan

Typical Characteristics X. Eighth Month

Head Control: fully developed (prone or supine) Typical Characteristics
Pull to sit: able to do this and hold the position Seating
(+) sit independently without support and o (+) masters all seating positions
biomechanical bias very stable
(+) Kneeling
Prone: very mobile (for UE only) to play and to reach o Transitional only, not functional
prone is very functional o Kneeling half kneeling standing
(+) voluntary rolling full rolling in both directions o PT: dont try to teach baby how to kneel if they
(front to back and back to front) cant.
Motor movements: Can Pull to Stand
o Standing: supports weight on legs and might o Using of UE to stand
bounce o Stance: legs in half kneeling position
o Rocks back and forth
o Sometimes crawling backward before moving
forward
Atypical Characteristics
Cant sit
Dislike prone position and not active in this position
Cant roll
IX. Seventh Month
Definition
28-32 weeks
Typical Characteristics
Position: o Di pa nakakastand, only starting to stand
o Does not like supine position Primary mobility: Quadruped Crawling (abdomen
o Side lying (horizontal): preferred if lying up)
down o very mobile
Motor movements: o some are able to skip creeping at the 7th month
o (+) creeping and go directly to crawling
Similar to crawling but with British: crawl=creep, vice versa
abdomen on the ground XI. Ninth Month
o (+) quadruped, UE and LE are the supporters Typical Characteristics
Very active; Expect na makulit ang bata Explores proprioceptive inputs
Siting: Motor Movements:
o can play while sitting o Primary mobility: Quadruped crawling
shows mastery of balance WITH UNEVEN SURFACE
cant fall while sitting Can climb the stairs
o (+) side siting: shows control over (+) change direction: turning the
asymmetric movements elbows
Needs pivot to change
o Cruising:
Holds furniture then side walks
Like holding the sides when
swimming in the deep area

o (+) control of base of support

o Shows thumb opposition (Sigelman)
Atypical Characteristics o Standing:
Kung nakahiga pa rin yung baby With support for prolonged time
o Usually they crawl Not an elaborate milestone
Can seat but with huge base of support

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 UPM PT 2018 Human Development Motor Development Throughout the Lifespan

Atypical Characteristics (development)

(+) W-sitting:
o because the baby is more stable there
o cannot transition from prone prone on XV. References
elbow prone on hands then quadruped
and cant kneel
Blay, L. (1998). Motor Skills Acquisition in the 1st year. San
Antonio: Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

O'Sullivan, S. B. (2007). Physical Rehabilitation:Assessment and

Treatment. Philadelphia: Davis Company.

Sigelman, Carol. K. (1998). Life-Span Human Development.

Boston: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

XII. Tenth Month

Typical Characteristics
Kneeling
o (+) half kneeling
o kneeling HK stand cruising
Motor Movements:
o (+) crawl over the toy
o (+) stand with 2-handed support
o (+) cruise
Can do front moving walk
Playing clapping games (Sigelman)
Atypical Characteristics
Prone and supine all the way
XIII. Eleventh Month

Typical Characteristics
(+) walk with one hand support
(+) squat hard to do because it involves eccentric
contraction of quads
XIV. Twelfth Month
Typical Characteristics
Has all basic motor skills
o (+) walk, stand on his own
o (-) climb or go down the stairs
XV. Beyond Twelfth Month
18th Month
fast walk
2 years old
start to run
3 years old
ready to run
Can go up and down the stairs one step at a time
4 years old
Fine motor movements: drawing, etc.

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 UPM PT 2018 Human Development Motor Development Throughout the Lifespan
Reflex Stimulus
Rooting Tactile
Asymmetric tonic Turning head to one
neck reflex (ATNR) side
Symmetric tonic neck (child in quadruped
reflex (STNR) position on the floor)
passively flex the head
forward and then
extend it backwards
Moro Loud noise or sudden
change in head position
Plantar grasp Firm pressure on
plantar surface of foot
Head righting tilt the child anterior,
posterior, and lateral
from the vertical
Landau Support in air at a
prone position
Neck righting Turn infants head to
one side (Infant in
supine)
Body righting flex one limb over the
chest and rotate the
limb across the body
( infant supine)
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Response Age of disappearance Purpose of reflex
Turning the cheek 5 months Orients child to
towards the stimulus breast or bottle
Arms will briefly come 6 months Provide stimulation
into a fencers for developing
position muscle tone and the
vestibular
system whilst in the
womb before birth
forward head flexion 8-12 months necessary to achieve
will produce flexion of quadruped crawling
the upper extremities
and extension of the
lower extremities;
extension of the head
will produce extension
of the upper
extremities and flexion
of the lower extremities
Throw arms outward, 4 months Indicates normal
arch back, then bring neurological
arms to each other development
Plantar flexion on all of 9 months Integrates that
the toes independent gait
becomes possible
the head orients to the Persists throughout life to allow the body to
vertical position and is turn freely around
maintained steady the head
head will extend and 12-24 months Breaks ups total
the back and hips will flexion pattern at
extend in sequence birth
("superman"
appearance)
infants entire body 4-6 months transition between
will turn in the supine, sidelying, and
direction of the head eventually prone
infants upper body will 4-5 months assists the child in
follow the pelvis in a rolling between
log roll supine and prone
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UPM PT 2018 Human Development Motor Development Throughout the Lifespan

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