D2.5.1 Overview of GIS Applications, Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Climate Change Hazards PDF

Overview of GIS
applications
risk assessment and risk
management of climate change
hazards
Fact irrigated lands
Planed irrigated lands
Watershed
Water bodies
Settlements
River
Soil types
Overview of GIS
applications
risk assessment and risk
management of climate change
hazards
2010 PREPARED
The European Commission is funding the Collaborative project PREPARED Enabling Change (PREPARED,
project number 244232) within the context of the Seventh Framework Programme 'Environment'.All rights
reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or published, in any
form or in any way, electronically, mechanically, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without
prior written permission from the publisher
COLOPHON
Title
Overview of GIS applications, risk assessment and risk management of climate change hazards
Report number
Prepared 2011.015
Deliverable number
D2.5.1
Author(s)
Ielizaveta Dunaieva (Crimean Scientific and Research Center)
Victor Popovych (Crimean Scientific and Research Center)
Elisa Traverso (Iren Acqua Gas)
Quality Assurance
Patrick Smeets (KWR Watercycle Research Institute)
Document history
Version Team member Status Date update Comments
01 Ielizaveta Dunaieva Draft 27-08-2010 Chapters 1-4, 6
02 Ielizaveta Dunaieva Draft 24-06-2011 Applications from cities Simferopol and Genoa
added
03 Patrick Smeets Final 03-08-2011 QA by WA leader
This report is:

PU = Public
Summary
The first step to prepare for climate change effects on the water cycle is a risk
assessment for the observed system to be prepared and, if it is necessary,
protected. Risk assessment (RA) means the determination of qualitative and
quantitative value of risks, related to a certain situation and the recognized
hazards. Risk assessment is a certain phase in a risk management process.
Risk management (RM) focuses on identification of risk improvement
strategies. RM uses information from the risk assessment to identify
engineering, management and financial strategies to diminish those
consequences.
Risk assessment and risk management of climate change related risks to the
urban water cycle areaddressed in WA 2 of the PREPARED project
(PREPARED, 2009). RA and RM are the cross-cutting issues and will have an
ongoing two-way interaction with the technology development for
adaptation of drinking water supply and sanitation systems of cities in the
other WAs. Taking into account that climate change affects the entire water
cycle and all these processes have spatial distribution, GIS tools and
applications will form the basis for DSS development and will be used in the
monitoring systems for integrated water resources management.
This report presents the information about GIS software and applications
which may help to evaluate climate change impacts on drinking water supply
and sewerage systems, to predict possible changes and be prepared for the
consequences. The accent is on the products related to RA/RM for the urban
water cycle hazards. The descriptions of these products in this report were
based on available digital information (Web), a literature review and the
answers to the questionnaire, received from the project partners (both
research and utilities).
The following key subjects were used for identification of GIS software listed
in the review. The GIS applications can be directly used or adapted for
RA/RM under regional circumstances of:
o Drinking water supply
o Sewerage networks
o WWT
o Risk management
o Risk assessment
o Climate Change
o Urban water cycle
Taking into account that in the project development and/or adaptation of

Open Source software was planned, the difference between both open source
and commercial categories of software is discussed. In addition, GIS is used
to identify potential chemical and microbial contaminant sources by
combining land use, industrial activity and location of drinking water
abstraction points.
The main goal of the (literature) study was to provide an overview of GIS
applications that have been or can be used for RA/RM of climate change
Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

PREPARED -1- 10 august 2011
hazards and to define missing GIS applications, which should be
developed/adapted during the project.
Each identified software category is described in the report with reference to
the last available version (for Open Source products) or the web site of the
developer (for commercial products). The descriptions of products do not
reflect the opinion of the authors or the PREPARED project, as they were
based on the (commercial) information of the developer.
A first vision of missing (by opinion of partners organizations) software
products, which should be developed/adapted in future for adaptation on
climate change hazard events, is included in the summary of the report.

Contents
Summary 1
Contents 3
1 Overview of GIS software 5

1.1 Open source GIS software 8
1.1.1 Desktop GIS 8
1.1.2 Other tools 11
1.2 Commercial GIS software 12
2 Systems software and GIS applications in PREPARED project - current

situation 19
2.1 Software, GIS and tools, related with water, sanitation and climate change aspects,
which are used by PREPARED partners 19
2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of using of FOSS and commercial GIS 22
3 GIS applications for RA/RM 24

3.1 GIS tools used by PREPARED partners 24
3.2 Risk assessment and Risk management related applications 26
4 Summary of tools and GIS applications that have been or can be used
for RA/RM of urban water cycle related climate change hazards 43
5 GIS case examples 47

5.1 Using hydrological models for watersheds simulation: Simferopol 47
5.2 An Open Source GIS software application: Genoa 51
6 Comments 53
7 References 54

ACRONYMS
ASR Aquifer Storage Recovery
AWCS Adaptive Water Sensitive Cities
CEP Complex Event Processing
COTS Commercial Off-The-shelf Software (commercially available
software)
CSO Combined Sewer Overflow
DBMS Data Base Management System
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DSS Decision Support System
EWS Early Warning System
FOSS Free open source software
GIS Geographic Information System
GNU Complete Unix-like free operating system
GPL General Public License
HBRGs Health-Based Remedial Goals
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management
LGPL Lesser General Public License
OGC Open GIS Consortium
OSGeo Open Source Geospatial Foundation
QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment
RA/RM Risk Assessment Risk Management
RBCs Risk-Based Concentrations
RTC Real Time Control
RWH Rain Water Harvesting
SUDS Sustainable Urban Drainage System
UWS Urban Water Systems
WA Work Area
WCHDB Water Cycle Hazard Data Base
WCSP Water Cycle Safety Plan
WP Work Package
WQ Water Quality
WWT Waster Water Treatment

1 Overview of GIS software
GIS software includes a broad range of applications, all of which involve the
use of some combination of digital maps and geo-referenced data. GIS
software can be sorted into different categories. Below, there is a list of
notable GIS software applications, characterised by two main groups: open
source and commercial software (see table 1.1).
Open-source software is computer software that is available in source code
form for which the source code and certain other rights, normally reserved
for copyright holders, are provided under a software license that permits
users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often
meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source
software is available within the public domain. Open source software is very
often developed in a public, collaborative manner [2]. Free open source
software is referred to as FOSS.
Public domain software is software that has been placed in the public
domain, in other words there is absolutely no ownership (such as copyright)
of the intellectual property that the software represents.
Commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) or simply off the shelf (OTS) is a term
defining technology which is ready-made and available for sale, lease, or
license to the general public.
Freeware (from "free" and "software") is computer software that is available
for use at no cost or for an optional fee. Software referred to as freeware is
almost always proprietary. Commercial software is occasionally referred to
as payware. The principal difference is that free software can be used,
studied, and modified without restriction; free software embodies the concept
of freedom to use, while freeware is free-of-charge. Freeware is also different
from shareware; the latter obliges the user to pay after some trial period or to
gain additional functionality [1].
Table 1.1 Overview of GIS software
Operating system
Open Source
Mac OS X
Windows
Web
Company, GIS software

Linux
Unix
Link and remarks

BSD
Albireo Telematics, Eagle 3.0 + www.albireotelematics.com

Autodesk + + + www.usa.autodesk.com
Free Viewer
AvisMap, GIS Engine + + www.avismap.com
Free Viewer
Bentley Systems + www.bentley.com
CADCORP + + www.cadcorp.com
Free Viewer
(Table 1.1 continues on next page)

(Table 1.1 continued from previous page)H
CALIPER + + www.caliper.com
CAPAWARE + + www.capaware.org
Free
CARIS + + + + + www.caris.com
Free Viewer
Chameleon + + + + + + + chameleon.maptools.org
Christine GIS + www.christine-gis.com
Free Viewer
ClarkLabs, IDRISI + www.clarklabs.org
Trial
Deegree + + + + + + + www.deegree.org
Digital Data Technologies, + www.ddti.net
Inc., ACCUGLOBE Free Viewer
ERDAS, ERDAS IMAGINE + + www.erdas.com.
ESRI, ArcGIS + + + + www.esri.com
Free Viewer
Everest GIS www.everest-gis.com
+
Trial
FalconView + + www.falconview.org
FutureServer + + + + + + + www.featureserver.org
GDAL + + www.gdal.org
Gemini + www.geminigeotech.com
GeoBase + + + + www.geobase.info
Trial
Geoinformatica + www.trac.osgeo.org
Geomajas + + + + + + + www.geomajas.org
GeoNetwork + + + + + + + www.geonetwork-
opensource.org
Geopublisher + + + + + en.geopublishing.org
GeoServer + + + + + + + www.geoserver.org
GeoTools + + + + + + www.geotools.org
GGP GIS + + www.ggpsystems.co.uk
Goldin-Rudahl Systems + + www.dragon.rsgis.net
Limited
GRASS + + + + + + + www.grass.osgeo.org
gvSIG + + + + + + www.gvsig.org
ILOG, JViews Maps + + + + + + www.ibm.com/us/en
Free Viewer
Intergraph + + + www.intergraph.com
Free Viewer
ITT VIS, ENVI + + + + www.ittvis.com
ISKABIS www.iskabis.iski.gov.tr
ITC ILWIS + + www.ilwis.org
Kalypso + www.kalypso-simulation-
platform.org
LandSerf + + + + + www.soi.city.ac.uk Free

Manifold System + + www.manifold.net
MapGuide + + + + mapguide.osgeo.org
MapWindow GIS + + www.mapwindow.org
MicroImages, TNTmips + + + + www.microimages.com
Free Viewer
Microsoft, MapPoint + www.microsoft.com
Trial
MiraMon + + + www.creaf.uab.cat
My World GIS + + + www.myworldgis.org
Trial
Netcad + + www.netcad.com.tr
Northgate Information + www.strumapgis.co.uk
Solutions Limited, StruMap
ObjectFX, Spatial FX, - + + + + + + www.objectfx.com
SpatialRules
OGR + + www.gdal.org
OpenLayers + + www.openlayers.org
Oracle Spatial + + + + + www.oracle.com
Orbit GIS + + + + + + www.orbitgis.com
Free Serv. & Explore
Ortelius, Mapdiva + www.mapdiva.com
Trial
Panorama + + gisinfo.ru/index_en.htm
Pitney Bowes, MapInfo + + + www.mapinfo.ca
Free Viewer
PostGIS + + + + + + + postgis.refractions.net
POSTGRES + + + + + + + www.postgresql.org
Quantum GIS + + + + + + www.qgis.org
SAGA GIS + + + www.saga-gis.org
Saig, KOSMO + + + www.opengis.es
SharpMap + + sharpmap.codeplex.com
Free
Smallworld + + + + + www.gepower.com
SPATIALinfo + + www.spatialinfo.com
SPRING + + + www.dpi.inpe.br
STAR-APIC + + + + + www.star-apic.co.uk
FME Trial
SuperMap + + + + www.supermap.com
Free Viewer
TatukGIS + + www.tatukgis.com
Free Viewer
TerraLib, TerraView + + + www.terralib.org
ThinkGeo, Map Suite + + www.thinkgeo.com Trial
uDIG + + + + www.udig.refractions.net
UMN MapServer + + + + + + + www.mapserver.org
Vivid, JUMP GIS + + + + + + www.openjump.org
Whitebox GAT + + + www.uoguelph.ca

A desktop GIS is mapping software that is installed onto and runs on a
personal computer and allows users to display, query, update, and analyze
data about geographic locations and the information linked to those locations.
The data itself can either be locally or remotely accessed.
Web-based GIS applications are online services over the internet that provide
maps to the users and help them to search and browse spatial information
like locating different places and routes.
1.1 Open source GIS software
The development of open source GIS software has - in terms of software

history - a long tradition [3] with the appearance of a first system in 1978.
Numerous systems are nowadays available which cover all sectors of
geospatial data handling. It is possible to download open source GIS or free
GIS from www.freegis.org and www.opensourcegis.org.
1.1.1 Desktop GIS
Free open source desktop GIS projects are listed below. Examples of the
interface of some FOSS have shown on figure 1.1. The following descriptions
were provided by the developers and do not reflect the opinion of the authors
or the PREPARED project.
Capaware is an Open Source GIS, an incredible fast C++ 3D GIS

Framework with a multiple plug-in architecture for geographic graphical
analysis and visualization. This is a free software project and began in 2007.
Developers Instituto Tecnolgico de Canarias and University of Las Palmas
de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (see figure 1.1).
DEEGREE (Free Software for Spatial Data Infrastructures) is a
comprehensive geospatial software package with implementations of OGC
Web Services like WMS and WFS, a geoportal, a desktop application, security
mechanisms, and various tools for geospatial data processing and
management. It is open source (LGPL), Java, standards-compliant (OGC, ISO)
and an OSGeo project.
FalconView is a mapping system created by the Georgia Tech Research
Institute for the Windows family operating systems, USA. A free, open source
version is available.
Geopublisher is a Java desktop application to create multilingual,
interactive maps and publish them online and offline.
GRASS GIS was originally developed by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers. It is an open source complete GIS. This software is used for
geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps
production, spatial modeling, and visualization (see figure 1.1).
Geomajas is a free and open source GIS framework which seamlessly
integrates powerful server side algorithms into the web browser. Geomajas is
the extensible open source web mapping framework, enabling integrated GIS

solutions for businesses and government. It has integrated client-server
architecture, with a high focus on server-side integration of data.
Figure 1.1 An overview of interfaces of open source software GIS [4]
gvSIG is an open source GIS written in Java. gvSIG is a GIS that is, a
desktop application designed for capturing, storing, handling, analyzing and
deploying any kind of referenced geographic information in order to solve
complex management and planning problems. It is easy to learn, yet versatile
and efficient enough for demanding GIS tasks (see figure 1.1).
ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) integrates
image, vector and thematic data. ILWIS was initially developed and
distributed by ITC Enschede (International Institute for Geo-Information
Science and Earth Observation) in the Netherlands for use by its researchers

and students. Since July 1 2007, ILWIS has been distributed as open source
software under GPL license.
JUMP GIS / OpenJUMP (Open) is a Java Unified Mapping Platform
(the desktop GIS OpenJUMP, SkyJUMP, deeJUMP and Kosmo emerged from
JUMP. It is developed and maintained by a group of volunteers from around
the world. OpenJUMP started as JUMP GIS designed by Vivid Solutions. The
current version can read and write shapefiles and simple GML files.
Kalypso (software) is an Open Source GIS (Java, GML3) and focuses
mainly on numerical simulations in water management and ecology such as
the generation of inundation and flood risk maps by hydrologic and
hydrodynamic models and GIS functionality. Developed in Germany.
Kosmo is a desktop GIS with advanced functions. It is the first of a
series of developments that was made available to the community. Kosmo
was implemented using the Java programming language and has been
developed from the JUMP GIS platform and a series of free code libraries, all
of which are well acknowledged and widely used in different free software
projects (for example, Geotools and JTS). It is available for Windows and
Linux operating systems. One of its main characteristics is the possibility of
increasing functionality, based on extensions. Developed by SAIG S.L.
LandSerf is a freely available Geographical Information System for the
visualization and analysis of surfaces. Applications include visualization of
landscapes; geomorphological analysis; gaming development; GIS file
conversion; map output; archaeological mapping and analysis; surface
modeling and many others. It runs on any platform that supports the Java
Runtime Environment (Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, etc.).
MapWindow GIS is a free, open source GIS desktop application and
programming component. MapWindow GIS v. 4.7 is a full MapWindow GIS
application installation. Desktop GIS, which gives possibility to distribute
data to others and to develop and distribute custom spatial data analyses.
MiraMon is a Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing
software. It was developed in the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry
Applications (CREAF) of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). It
is a low-cost software which is both powerful and accurate.
POSTGRES (PostgreSQL) is a powerful, open source object-relational
database system. It has more than 15 years of active development and a
proven architecture that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data
integrity, and correctness. It runs on all major operating systems, including
Linux, UNIX (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, Mac OS X, Solaris, Tru64), and
Windows. It has full support for foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and
stored procedures (in multiple languages). This is free and open source
software. As with many other open source programs, PostgreSQL is not
controlled by any single company, but has a global community of developers
and companies to develop it. Iride Acqua Gas SpA (now Iren Acqua Gas,
Italy, Genoa) uses applications of this program for distributed water and
freshwater quality parameters.
Quantum GIS (QGIS) is an Open Source Geographic Information
System licensed under the GNU General Public License. QGIS is an Open
Source GIS that runs on Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, and Windows. QGIS is an
official project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.

PREPARED - 10 - 10 august 2011
SAGA GIS System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses is a free
open source hybrid GIS software. SAGA has a unique Application
Programming Interface (API) and a fast growing set of geo-scientific methods,
bundled in exchangeable Module Libraries. Most past and current SAGA
developments come from the team around J. Bhner and O. Conrad, both are
now working at the Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg,
Germany (see figure 1.1).
uDig is an open source (LGPL) desktop application framework, built
with Eclipse Rich Client (RCP) technology.
Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools (GAT) is an open-source
Geographic information system and remote sensing software package that is
distributed under the GNU General Public License. It has been developed by
the members of the University of Guelph Centre for Hydrogeomatics, Canada
and is intended for advanced geospatial analysis and data visualization in
research and education settings. The package features a friendly graphical
user interface (see figure 1.1).
1.1.2 Other tools
Popular spatial software instruments or environment groups are listed below.

These include possibilities for creation, support and visualization of the
spatially distributed data and can be used as tools for different levels of
application development.
WebMap Server:
FutureServer is an implementation of a RESTful Geographic Feature
Service;
GeoServer is an open source software server written in Java that
allows users to share and edit geospatial data;
Mapnik C++/Python library for rendering used by
OpenStreetMap. Mapnik is an open source mapping toolkit, written in
C++ and useful for both desktop and server based map rendering;
MapGuide Open Source is a web-based platform that enables users
to develop and deploy web mapping applications and geospatial web
services;
MapServer is an open source development environment for building
spatially-enabled internet applications. It can run as a CGI program or
via Mapscript, which supports several programming languages. Web-
based mapping server, developed by the University of Minnesota;
Spatial Database Management Systems:
PostGIS Spatial extensions for the open source PostgreSQL database,
allowing geospatial queries by Refractions Research;
MySQL Spatial;
TerraLib is a GIS classes and functions library, available from the
Internet as open source, allowing a collaborative environment and its
use for the development of multiple GIS tools. TerraLib is more than a
spatial DBMS as it provides also advanced functions for GIS analysis.
Its main aim is to enable the development of a new generation of GIS

applications, based on the technological advances on spatial
databases;
Software Development Frameworks and Libraries (non-web):
GeoTools is an open source GIS toolkit written in Java, using Open
Geospatial Consortium specifications;
GDAL is a translator library for raster geospatial data formats that is
released under a X/MIT style Open Source license by the Open Source
Geospatial Foundation;
The OGR Simple Features Library, a C++ open source library (and
commandline tools) providing read (and sometimes write) access to a
variety of vector file formats including ESRI Shapefiles, S-57, SDTS,
PostGIS, Oracle Spatial, and Mapinfo mid/mif and TAB formats. OGR
is a part of the GDAL library;
SharpMap is an easy-to-use mapping library for use in web and
desktop applications. Software Development Frameworks and
Libraries (for web applications);
OpenLayers is an open source AJAX library for accessing geographic
data layers of all kinds, originally developed and sponsored by
MetaCarta;
GeoBase (Telogis GIS software) is geospatial mapping software
available as a Software development kit, which performs various
functions including address lookup, mapping, routing, reverse
geocoding, and navigation. Suited for high transaction enterprise
environments;
Cataloging application for spatially referenced resources:
GeoNetwork (open source) is a catalog application to manage
spatially referenced resources through the web;
Environment for developing Web Mapping applications:
Chameleon (open source) is a distributed, highly configurable,
environment for developing Web Mapping applications. It is built on
MapServer as the core mapping engine and works with all MapServer
supported data formats. Chameleon was originally developed in 2002
by DM Solutions Group under contract to NRCan, in support of
Canada's GeoConnections program, contributing to the Canadian
Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI).
1.2 Commercial GIS software
Almost all of the companies below offer Desktop GIS and WebMap Server
products. Some offer Spatial DBMS products as well. So, product user groups
i.e. application fields are mentioned below.
Many companies also provide trial versions for testing their software. For
instance, ESRI provides this service for extensions and an evaluation disk of
ArcEditor for the period of 60 days. This is very useful principle to taste,
evaluate and compare possibilities of different applications.
The following descriptions were provided by the developers and do not
reflect the opinion of the authors or the PREPARED project.

Autodesk is an American multinational corporation that focuses on 2D
and 3D design software for use in architecture, engineering and building
construction, manufacturing, and media and entertainment. Products include
Map 3D, Topobase, MapGuide and other products that interface with its
flagship AutoCAD software package (see figure 1.2).
Albireo Telematics is a leader in providing solutions and services for
the Geospatial & GIS, Defense and Homeland Security and Engineering
sectors. Eagle 3.0 is a Web Based vector map Engine, capable of capturing,
storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information
(data identification according to location).
AvisMap is devoted to geospatial technological innovation and has
developed a suite of GIS technologies. AvisMap GIS covers a broad range of
products including a components-based GIS platform, a spatial database
engine, as well as a desktop GIS. AvisMap GIS Engine is the basic
development platform for AvisMap GIS suites, which is a new generation of
component GIS development platform for GIS application developers.
AvisMap GIS Engine 5 provides powerful GIS functions through Active X
controls based on Microsoft COM component technique standards. It allows
users to rapidly develop professional GIS applications and increase GIS
functions for classical management information system (MIS) by adding
graphic visualization, spatial data processing, data analysis or other
functions. AvisMap is headquartered in PRC (China).
Bentley Systems Products include Bentley Map, Bentley PowerMap
and other products that interface with its flagship MicroStation software
package. Bentley Systems is based in USA.
Cadcorp is a leading developer of GIS software industry. This includes
the popular Cadcorp SIS Spatial Information System, which runs on
Microsoft Windows and encompasses desktop GIS modules, ActiveX based
Developer Kits and web-based GIS software (GeognoSIS); apSIS, a
component based GIS development kit and mSIS, a pocket PC based mobile
data capture solution. Cadcorp is based in the UK (see figure 1.2).
Caliper Products include Maptitude Geographic Information System
software, TransModeler Traffic Simulation Software and TransCAD
Transportation Planning Software. Caliper is based in USA.
CARIS (Computer Aided Resource Information System) is a software
company that develops and supports geomatics software for land and marine
applications. Caris is headquartered in Canada.
Christine_GIS is a useful, easy-to-use tool that brings geographic
information to the user desktop. Christine-GIS Viewer 1.4 is freeware,
Christine-GIS 3.1 is low cost shareware.
Clark Labs developed IDRISI, a GIS product, which is economical but
capable, it is used for both operations and education. Clark Labs is a part of
Clark University, Canada.

Figure 1.2 An overview of interfaces of some of commercial GIS
Digital Data Technologies, Inc. developed AccuGlobe Desktop 2007, a

standardized platform for delivering solutions to the global GIS community.
Combining user-friendly design with significantly increased functionality,
AccuGlobe Desktop 2007 gives greater freedom in analyzing spatial data. In
addition to functioning, AccuGlobe Desktop 2007 is available as a free
download for the global GIS community. Digital Data Technologies, Inc. is
headquartered in the United States.
GGP GIS is an extremely powerful system that is being used for many
Public Sector organisations data sharing and accessibility needs. Initially
developed for the very specific needs of the UK local government, GGP GIS
has now evolved to become one of the leading Geographic Information
System for Public Sector organizations, underpinning the delivery of the
latest generation of integrated and web-enabled services.
ERDAS Inc. (Earth Resource Data Analysis System) develops geospatial
business systems solutions for authoring, managing, connecting, and
delivering geospatial information. The company offers ERDAS IMAGINE, a
remote sensing application with raster graphics editor capabilities for
geospatial applications; LPS, ERDAS ER Mapper, ERDAS Extensions for
ArcGIS, ERDAS APOLLO, ERDAS ADE.
ESRI (Environmental systems research institute) is a software
development and services company providing Geographic Information

System software and geodatabase management applications. The
headquarters of ESRI is in Redlands, California. ESRI uses the name ArcGIS
to refer to its suite of GIS software products, which operate on desktop,
server, and mobile platforms. ArcGIS also includes developer products and
web services. Products include ArcView 3.x, ArcGIS, ArcSDE, ArcIMS,
ArcWeb services and ArcGIS Server (see figure 1.2).
Everest Software LLC developed Everest GIS, a simple GIS application
for surface mapping. Everest GIS is a mapping application that enables users
to generate informative maps for analysis. Everest GIS reads a variety of
common file formats and has industry leading tools for creating features
based on metes and bounds descriptions or quartering calls. Everest GIS
integrates with other database applications to provide a complete mapping
solution. Everest Software LLC is headquartered in the USA.
Gemini Geo-Technologies is a full service company specializing in
geographic information system, cartographic and interactive website
application design. Gemini Geo-Technologies produced Gemini GIS.
Goldin-Rudahl Systems, Inc. (GRS) specializes in the cost-effective
application of computer technology to natural resource management
problems. GRS is best known for its popular Dragon/ips remote sensing
image processing software with some GIS capabilities. GRS is headquartered
in USA.
ILOG is an international software company. It develops, markets, sells
and supports BRMS, optimization and visualization software components, as
well as supply chain applications. ILOG JViews Maps for Defense is a
comprehensive set of software editors and graphics components that deliver
unparalleled flexibility and openness for creating realistic and dynamic map
displays with georeferenced data. ILOG currently has business locations in
nine countries, but it has two principal locations: France and United States.
Intergraph products include GeoMedia, GeoMedia Professional,
GeoMedia WebMap, and add-on products for industry sectors, as well as
photogrammetry. It also includes applications such as GInterAqua.
Intergraph is headquartered in the USA.
ITT Visual Information Solutions (ITT VIS) creates software products
that help professionals across industries access, analyze, and share all types of
data and imagery. ENVI utilized for image analysis, exploitation, and
hyperspectral analysis. ENVI is the premier application for extracting
geospatial information from remotely-sensed imagery. Developed by ITT
Visual Information Solutions, ENVI has long been recognized as a leader in
the data access, analysis, and sharing of all imagery and data formats. ENVIs
complete image analysis platform includes robust yet easy-to-use tools for
users with all levels of image processing experience, in order to enhance the
GIS workflow with all types of imagery. A major focus of recent and future
ENVI development is providing tools to integrate information derived from
imagery into Geographic Information System databases.
KB "Panorama", GIS Panorama is a set of geoinformation technologies
including professional GIS "Map 2008", professional vectorizer of digital
maps "Panorama-Editor", development tools of GIS-applications for different
platforms GIS ToolKit, system of accounting and registration of
landownership (SARL) "Earth and right", converters for data exchange with

other GIS (DXF/DBF, MIF/MID, Shape, S57/S52 etc.) and specialized
applications (communication, navigation, ecological monitoring and other).
Software is certificated in The Federal Agency of Geodesy and Cartography
(Roskartographia) and the Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation, and
also has stood the State tests in Topographical service of Armed Forces of the
Russian Federation.
Manifold System is a GIS software package developed by manifold.net
that runs on Microsoft Windows. The GIS software competes with ESRI and
MapInfo GIS products. Manifold 7.00 handles both vector and raster data,
includes spatial SQL, a built-in Internet Map Server (IMS), and other general
GIS features. Developed in the USA.
Microsoft MapPoint, a technology ("MapPoint Web Service,"
previously known as MapPoint .NET) and a specific software program
created by Microsoft that allows users to view, edit and integrate maps. The
MapPoint technology is used in End-user desktop software and Web-based
services. Microsoft is headquartered in the USA.
MicroImages, Inc. is a software development company in Lincoln,
Nebraska founded in 1986. MicroImages' software products include TNTmips
and TNTlite for GIS and image processing. The TNT products also support
web mapping applications.
My World GIS is a GIS designed specifically for use in educational
settings. It offers easy-to-use tools to perform investigation and analysis as
they explore critical issues about the environment, geography, geology,
demography, history, and much more. Data visualization is ideally suited for
learners because it provides a powerful way to make visible the patterns and
trends that lie hidden in complex data. My World allows learners to explore
and analyze geographic data about our world. My World is the latest
software from the Geographic Data in Education Initiative (GEODE) at
Northwestern University. It was developed as part of a research program on
the adaptation of scientific visualization and data analysis tools to support
inquiry-based learning.
Netcad Desktop and web based GIS products, including CAD, GIS
and Remote sensing applications, map, zoning and land survey applications,
etc, developed by Ulusal CAD ve GIS zmleri A.., Istanbul, Turkey.
Northgate Information Solutions Limited provides a GIS toolset
Northgate StruMap. GIS based software for location-based decision support.
Northgate is based in the UK.
ObjectFX provides products and solutions that enable organizations to
leverage the full value of dynamic spatial and temporal data to gather
intelligence, monitor and improve operations, and respond more quickly to
changing conditions. SpatialRULES is a Complex Event Processing (CEP)
engine for geospatial data. SpatialFX and SpatialRULES is Java-based rules
engine for spatial and temporal data. ObjectFX is headquartered in
Minnesota, the USA.
Oracle the world's largest enterprise software company. Every
software and hardware technology needed to manage business information
and streamline business processes; products include Oracle spatial and Oracle
locator. Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition includes full 3-D and Web

services support to manage all geospatial data including vector and raster
data, topology, and network models. Oracle is headquartered in the USA.
Orbit GIS Technology delivers solutions for spatial information
management on scalable levels. Orbit is destined to become the engine for a
large variety of applications, from a simple stand-alone viewer to an n-tier
multi-server resource management system for embedded, intranet, internet or
mobile use. Orbit tends to become a standard GIS technology for multi-
platform use, both in low-end as in high-end applications and projects. Orbit
GIS and Orbit Geostatial Technologies are products and technology range
owned, developed and marketed by Eurotronics NV, Belgium.
Ortelius provides Mapdiva is a vector-based map illustration drawing
tools from Mapdiva, LLC, reads shape file information, for Mac OS X. Free
Trial.
Pitney Bowes Business Insight Products include MapInfo
Professional and MapXtreme, integrates GIS software, data and services (see
figure 1.2).
Smallworld developed in Cambridge, England (Smallworld, Inc.) and
purchased by General Electric. Smallworld technology supports application
products for Telecommunications, utility and public systems organizations.
SPATIALinfo Products include spatialNET, spatialWEB,
spatialOFFLINE, BILLINGsync, ADDRESSmanager, MAPupdater, and
spatialWEBSERVICES. Spatial Info Inc. is headquartered in Colorado,USA.
SPRING is a state-of-the-art GIS and remote sensing image processing
system with an object-oriented data model which provides for the integration
of raster and vector data representations in a single environment. SPRING is a
product of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE/DPI (Image
Processing Division) with assistance from: EMBRAPA/CNPTIA - Brazil's
Agricultural Research Agency, IBM Brasil TECGRAF - Computer Graphics
Technology Group, PETROBRS / CENPES, K2Sistemas.
STAR-APIC (UK) Ltd. provides software systems for creating and
managing maps, and managing and sharing information about location. It
offers standard software products for web, desktop and enterprise platforms,
a range of complementary services including development of bespoke
systems, and complete solutions for specific markets. STAR-APIC (UK) Ltd. is
headquartered United Kingdom.
SuperMap Software Co., Ltd. covers a wide range of products,
including Desktop GIS, Component GIS, Service GIS, Mobile GIS, Spatial
Database Engine, Navigation Application Development Platform as well as
related spatial data generation, processing and management tools. SuperMap
GIS is a large GIS package developed by SuperMap. SuperMap is
headquartered in Beijing, China.
TatukGIS Company designs, develops, licenses, markets, and supports
GIS focused software products and software development tools for the
creation of custom GIS applications and solutions. The leading product is the
TatukGIS Developer Kernel, a comprehensive GIS development toolkit
(SDK) that is licensed to GIS software solution developers in approximately
50 countries. This product is unique in that it is provided in three versions to
support three very different development platforms: Borland
Delphi/C++Builder, Microsoft ActiveX, and Microsoft manageable

.NET for WinForms. Other TatukGIS products include the GIS Internet Map
Server and desktop final user products, e.g., the GIS Editor, Aerial Imagery
Corrector, and free GIS Viewer. All products are developed from the core
TatukGIS technology, which is the intellectual property of TatukGIS. The
principle place of business is in Gdynia, Poland.
ThinkGeo LLC is an industry leader in GIS and GPS asset tracking
technologies. Map Suite is a full line of GIS components designed for .NET
application developers. Cygnus Track is an easy to use asset tracking
application designed to track and monitor vehicles, ships, aircraft, personnel
and other mobile assets. Company registered in the USA.

2 Systems software and GIS applications
in PREPARED project - current situation
In May 2010 a questionnaire on GIS was sent to all PREPARED partners. The
information, below was based on the answers of the PREPARED partners
(both research and utilities) to the questionnaire. The questionnaire included
a number of questions about currently used systems software and GIS
applications, which have been, or can be, used for RA/RM, associated with
climate change hazards.
2.1 Software, GIS and tools, related with water, sanitation and climate change
aspects, which are used by PREPARED partners
The following software products were developed during previous projects

and can be used as a basis for the development/adaptation of RA/RM related
GIS tools and applications for climate change hazards:
FLIWAS is a web-based system developed in the framework of
NOAH project, in cooperation with HIS and VIKING projects. For
more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://www.fliwas.eu and http://www.noah-
interreg.net/about_fliwas.asp?lang=0];
Geoinformatica is a geospatial software toolkit, which builds on Perl,
GTK+, GDAL, and libral, developed in the framework of
Geoinformatica FOSS4G project by Ari Jolma. Geoinformatica can be
used for optimizing of the locations of rainfall measurement gauges.
For more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://trac.osgeo.org/geoinformatica];
SKABS is an Infrastructure Information System GIS. SK
Geographical Information System was developed within the Office
SKABS project, Turkey. SKABS CAD / GIS, GIS SKABS,
SKABS MODEL components creates a new technology platform that
is generally referred to as SKABSpatial. For more detailed
information visit the website of the developer
[http://iskabis.iski.gov.tr].
Information on currently used operating systems and GIS related applications

by PREPARED partners is included in table 2.1 and table 2.2.

Table 2.1 Operating systems, which are being used by PREPARED partners
for GIS applications
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Windows 7
Name of the partner Other
Linux
Country/town
England, Wales Dwr Cymru Welsh Water x
Finland Aalto University School of x

Science and Technology /
Water technology
Germany, IWW Water Center x
Bonne
Germany Hessenwasser, Gro x
Gerau
Germany GELSENWASSER x
Italy, Genoa Iride (Iren)Acqua Gas SpA x
The KWR water cycle x
Netherlands,
Eindhoven
Norway, Oslo Vann- og avlpsetaten, x
Oslo Kommune
Poland Institute for Ecology of x x x
Industrial Areas (IETU)
Portugal EPAL x
Spain, Barcelona CETaqua x
Spain, Barcelona CLABSA x
Turkey, Istanbul ISKI x
Turkey TUBITAK MARMARA x

RESEARCH CENTER
Ukraine, CSRC x x
Simferopol
Ukraine, SDWSC x x x Debian
Simferopol
Table 2.2 GIS, which are being used by PREPARED partners for support of
spatial tasks
Country/ Name of the Arc Arc Arc Map Other

town partner View Editor Info Info (specify)
England, Dwr Cymru Welsh 9.2 x Cadcorp ,
Wales Water StruMap, Bentley

Finland Aalto University 9.3 Geoinformatica
School of Science
and Technology /
Water technology
Germany IWW Water Center 3.2
Germany Hessenwasser, 3.1
Gro Gerau
Germany GELSENWASSER 9.3
Italy, Genoa Iride (Iren) Acqua 9.2 9.2 QGIS 15 (open
Gas SpA source), GRASS
(open source)
AutoCadMap2010
Netherlands, KWR 9.3 9.3 9.3
Eindhoven
Norway, Vann- og 9.3 9.3 9.3 Gemini
Oslo avlpsetaten, Oslo
Kommune
Poland Institute for x x 9.1, 4.0, MapWindow 4.6,
Ecology of 9.2 9.0, 4.7
Industrial Areas 10. gvSIG 1.9
(IETU) 0 Christine_GIS
Viewer 1.4
Poland Utility of Glivice 4.0,
9.0,
10.
0
Portugal EPAL GeoMedia 6.0
Spain, CETaqua 9.3 - Miramon (open
Barcelona source)
- Quantum GIS
(open source)
Spain, CLABSA 9.2 Smallworld 4.1
Barcelona
Turkey, TUBITAK 9.2
Istanbul MARMARA
RESEARCH
CENTER
Turkey, ISKI Microstation
Istanbul Oracle v8i - 11g
Ukraine, CSRC 9.3
Simferopol
Ukraine, SDWSC Postgis (open
Simferopol source),
uDig (open
source)

2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of using of FOSS and commercial GIS
Open source software development aims to produce computer programs for

solving certain real tasks which are free of charge for users. More
importantly, the source codes of this type of software are open to the public.
Internet GIS has been an active area of open source software development for
a long period of time. Some later open source Internet GIS services have
gained a considerable popularity. The open source GIS software packages
cover the range from the Internet GIServer and GIS database management
systems to GIS analysis tools. The Open Geospatial Consortium specifications
work as the de-facto standards for the entire open source GIS community [5].
On the other hand, commercial GIS solutions still dominate the market. COTS
GIS software has been extensively used in the computing technologies and
also supports flexible customization of interfaces and functions (see table 2.3).
As for costs and development transparency, open source solutions prevail.
Open source software becomes competitive for GIS vendors in terms of
reliability and functionality. However, COTS software still have advantages
over the open source counterparts especially from the perspective of end
users. The unwillingness to go open source can be contributed to the
relatively more difficult work to configure and customize open source
software.
The technical supports, product liability as well as complete documentation
add up to the reasons that explain the larger portion of market share of the
COTS solutions. Taking into account these challenges, the creation of the
Open Source Geospatial Foundation looks as a real step for combining of the
efforts of previously uncoordinated processes of FOSS products position
strengthening [5].
In our opinion, all open sources GIS software has one big disadvantage
(especially for not so big organizations) - people who use these applications
should be programmers. They need to understand programming code for
adjusting these FOSS for their purposes and at the same time have sufficient
knowledge of the specific subject area, including appropriate model usage (or
have a good interaction between software and water management experts).
For a small organization it can be much cheaper some times to buy
commercial software, than to pay the special staff responsible for FOSS
development or adaptation.
Table 2.3 Differences between proprietary and FOSS software [4]

Proprietary software Free & Open source Software
Warranty1 of developing company no license fees

on product
Advantages
(holds for every company) unrestricted use (e.g. no limits for

the number of installations)
components should work together no update enforcement


software price and maintenance installation know-how necessary2

fees
training costs3
training costs
Disadvantages
maintenance tied to specific

licensed companies
customized development can be

difficult due to available resources
of vendors
support only as long as soft ware

company exists
1) license agreements often exclude warranty

2) most FOSS desktop GIS provide installers (e.g. for MS- Windows a
setup.exe)
3) users choice to invest in own resources or to buy external services

3 GIS applications for RA/RM
3.1 GIS tools used by PREPARED partners
Geographic information systems are important tools for understanding the

influence of spatially distributed risks, associated with natural hazards on the
urban water cycle. The GIS applications which have been or can be used for
RA/RM approach by PREPARED partners are listed in the table 3.1.
Table 3.1 GIS applications used by PREPARED partners for RA/RM

Country/ PREPARED Name of the Requirements
Town partner application
England, Dwr Cymru Welsh ArcEditor Windows
Welhs Water
Finland Aalto University Geoinformatica Operating
School of Science system:
and Technology / Windows/ Linux
Water technology
Germany IWW Water Arc Iso
Center ESRI Spatial Analyst
Hessenwasser, GW-Manager Windows XP
Gro Gerau IE 7
Land-Manager
GELSENWASSER Spatial Analyst
AG
Italy, Genoa Iride (Iren) Quantum GIS
AcquaGas SpA
Netherlands, KWR water cycle Reflect
Eindhoven Respond
Hotspot
Norway, Vann- og Mike Urban ArcGIS, 2.0 GHz
Oslo avlpsetaten, Oslo Mouse DHI PC RAM 1.0 GB
Kommune (or more)
Portugal EPAL GInterAqua/Geomedia Windows XP SP2
Geomedia Intel Hiper
trading
RAM 3 GB
Poland Institute for ArcSWAT ArcGIS 9.2
Ecology of (ArcVIEW 9.2
Industrial Areas SP6 b1500 with
(IETU) Spatial Analyst
9.2)
ArcGIS DotNet
support

Poland (IETU) ArcSWAT Microsoft .Net
Framework 2.0
NORISC - HUMAN
HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT
Pentium III or
SOFTWARE MODULE
higher
Visual MODFLOW
RAM 1GB
Storm Water
Management Model
(SWMM)
ELCOM (Estuary and
Lake Computer Model)
The Computational
Aquatic Ecosystem
Dynamics Model
(CAEDYM)
HEC-RAS
HEC-HMS
Spain, CETaqua ESRI Spatial Analyst Windows XP
Barcelona SP2, SP3;
Windows Server
2008; Intel Core
Duo, Pentium 4
or Xeon
Processors; RAM
1 GB minimum,
2 GB recomm. or
more
CLABSA Infoworks
Spatial Analyst
ET GeoWizards
Turkey, ISKI ISKABIS: Windows XP,
Istanbul Water Loss Monitoring Oracle Spatial
and Control database,
ISKABIS: Internet Explorer
Industrial Pollution 8, Intel Core 2
Monitoring and Control Duo RAM 2GB
DDR2 800
Turkey TUBITAK ESRI ArcHydro tools:
MARMARA Watershed protection
RESEARCH and planning
CENTER
Ukraine, CSRC ArcSWAT, ESRI ArcGIS
Simferopol Spatial Analyst

3.2 Risk assessment and Risk management related applications
Usually a GIS application is focused on a certain field of tasks, which can be

solved using specific models. Some of the GIS applications are not positioned
directly as RA/RM tools, but can be used for separate spatially distributed
sub-tasks, using built-in standard procedures (for instance, ArcGIS Spatial
Analyst, ArcGIS Network Analyst, ET GeoWizards and ESRI Situational
Awareness). A list of the software products that have been or can be used for
RA/RM water and sanitation tasks (related to climate change impacts) is
given below.
The following descriptions were provided by the developers and do not
reflect the opinion of the authors or the PREPARED project.
ArcHydro. ESRI has developed models for Water Resources and has
focused on surface water with input from key state, national, and
international contributors [6]. The ArcGIS Hydro model is available for
review and download. Arc Hydro is an ArcGIS-based system geared to
support water resources applications. It consists of two key components: Arc
Hydro Data Model and Arc Hydro Tools. The Arc Hydro tools are a set of
public domain utilities developed jointly by the Center for Research in Water
Resources (http:// www.crwr.utexas.edu) of the University of Texas at
Austin, and the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. These tools
provide functionalities for terrain processing, watershed delineation and
attribute management. They operate on top of the Arc Hydro data model in
the ArcGIS 8.3, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 environments. For more detailed
[http://resources.arcgis.com/content/hydro-data-model]. This model is
being used for building and analyzing GIS based infrastructure for watershed
protection and planning in Turkey.
ArcGIS Network Analyst is an extension to ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI,

USA) that helps you conduct network-based spatial analysis. With ArcGIS
Network Analyst, you can create applications that build multimodal routes,
provide travel directions, look for closest facilities, and create service areas
and origin-destination cost matrices. It is a commercial application [7]. For
[http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/extensions/networkanalyst].
ArcGIS Spatial Analyst is an extension to ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI, USA)

that provides powerful tools for comprehensive, raster-based spatial
modeling and analysis. Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, you can derive new
information from your existing data, analyze spatial relationships, build
spatial models, and perform complex raster operations. Using this application
you can perform land-use analysis, determine pollution levels and erosion
potential, conduct risk assessments, model and visualize, etc [8]. It is a
commercial application. For more detailed information visit the website of the
developer
[http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/extensions/spatialanalyst/index.ht
ml]

ArcIso. For more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://www.ike.uni-stuttgart.de]
ArcSWAT (Soil and water assessment tool) has been generated by

Neitsch et al. (2002) by Grassland, Soil & Water Research Laboratory, USDA
Agricultural Research Service and others developers, Texas, USA [9]. This
software is copyright-free and can be applied to several studies. The base GIS
for SWAT is ArcView. The SWAT has the ability to simulate the complicated
models in terms of hydrology, pesticides and DDT migration, the nutrient
chain, the erosion and displacement of the sediment. The SWAT has been
developed in the study of the quantitative effect of the management of large
watershed areas or large rivers. This tool will use mainly the physical data
and will enable the study of the effect on the long term. This application can
be applied in any region of the world with adaptation to the current
conditions. This model requires Digital Elevation Model, land use and soil
information, data on quality and quantity of water and meteorological data
too. For more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/team].
BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint

Sources, the U.S.- Environmental Protection Agency, USA) is a multipurpose
environmental analysis system designed for use by regional, state, and local
agencies to perform watershed and water quality-based studies. Update 3 of
the BASINS 4.0 software is now available for download. Like previous
releases, Update 3 includes within the open-source MapWindow GIS
interface, a Data Download Tool, project builder, watershed delineation
routines, and data analysis and model output visualization tools. New
features in Update 3 include plug-in interfaces for well-known watershed and
water quality models SWMM5, WASP7, and SWAT 2005. For more detailed
[www.epa.gov/waterscience/BASINS/].
BlueM is a software package for river basin management. It allows for

the integrated simulation, analysis and optimisation of discharge and
pollution loads in rural and urban catchments, including processes in the
water body, using physically-based hydrologic approaches. BlueM is the
result of continuous development efforts based on model concepts that have
been pursued at ihwb for many years and have already been implemented in
various applications. Besides the hydrological model core for rainfall-runoff
computations including discharge, pollution load and water quality processes
in rural and urban catchments (BlueM.Sim), the BlueM software package also
contains tools for visualizing and analyzing time series (BlueM.Wave), for
optimizing, auto-calibrating and performing sensitivity analyses on model
parameters (BlueM.Opt), as well as for visualizing of optimization results
(e.g. in the form of scatterplot matrices). A further package component is
BlueM.Analyser, a tool for carrying out monitoring and assessment tasks in
real-time (per time step). For more detailed information visit the website of
the developer [www.ihwb.tu-darmstadt.de]

CAEDYM (Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model,
Version 3.2) is an aquatic ecological model that may be run independently or
coupled with hydrodynamic models DYRESM or ELCOM. CAEDYM consists
of a series of mathematical equations representing the major biogeochemical
processes influencing water quality. At its most basic, CAEDYM is a set of
library subroutines that contain process descriptions for primary production,
secondary production, nutrient and metal cycling, and oxygen dynamics and
the movement of sediment. This application can be applied in any region of
the world [10] and developed by CWR Centre for Water Research in 2009. For
[http://www.cwr.uwa.edu.au].
CASS WORKS (RJN Group Inc., Wheaton, Illinois) is integrated

infrastructure management software for water distribution, sanitary sewers,
storm drainage, treatment facilities, parks and recreation, GIS, and
management assessment applications. Integration is accomplished through a
module called GeoCAD that can integrate the maintenance module with the
leading GIS software programs that use ORACLE. This integration allows the
maintenance module to run within GIS programs. Using the ANSI SQL
RDBMS standard, RJN has integrated CASS WORKS with ARC/INFO and
ArcView. The ability for both systems to access the same database increases
the value of the data, eliminates database inconsistencies, allows for both
graphic and nongraphic representation of data, and eases implementation
issues and costs [11].
Cityworks (formerly known as Pipeworks) is available as ArcView

3.x or ArcGIS 8.x and 9.x Extension. It helps users to integrate their GIS and
facilities management. Cityworks water, wastewater, and storm water
module works with ESRI coverages and Shapefiles. Cityworks can store
project data in any SQL database, such as SQL Anywhere, Oracle, Sybase, etc.
Cityworks capabilities include data inventory, data editing, work-order
management, work-order scheduling, network tracing, maintenance histories,
inspections, and condition ratings. Cityworks can also be used for managing
and recording CCTV inspection programs for sewers.
Instead of integrating the work-management system with GIS, Cityworks
uses the GIS as a work-management system [12].
CATS (Consequences Assessment Tool Set) includes a consequence

management tool that combines hazard prediction, consequence analysis,
management tools, the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability
(HPAC) system, and population and infrastructure data in a GIS system. The
software uses real-time weather data and other databases to assess the effects
of natural disasters as well as man-made hazards. For example, it can predict
tidal surges, contamination trajectory, and earthquake damage. It can provide
optimal roadblock locations, create scenarios for training and planning, and
create contingency plans with its population and infrastructure data. Similar
to FEMAs HAZUS software, this program requires ESRIs Arc GIS software
for mapping [13]. The user manual is available online at

https://www.hsdl.org/homesec/docs/dtic/ADA423521.pdf, and the
program is currently available to federal, state, and local government
organizations. For more detailed information visit the website of the
developer [http://cats.saic.com/index.html]
DHI (the Danish Hydraulic Institute, DHI, Denmark) and DHI WASY
group of software products. We combined these products in one group,
because by using this software the entire water cycle can be modeled. Widely
known products are DHI MIKE SHE, MIKE 11, MIKE 21, MIKE FLOOD
(www.mikebydhi.com) and MIKE URBAN as well as DHI WASY FEFLOW,
WBalMo, WGEO, HQ-EX, and WISYS Geof.
MIKE BASIN is a multi-purpose, GIS-based river basin simulation
package and designed for analyzing water sharing problems and
environmental issues at international, national and project scale. MIKE
BASIN is powerful, yet simple to use, with lots of analysis capabilities
for water resources engineering, including the following tasks: solve multi-
sector water allocation problems; improve reservoir and hydropower
operations; conduct transparent water resources assessments; irrigation
scheme performance and crop yield; assess nutrient loads from non-point and
point sources; compare measures for water quality compliance; store, analyze
and visualize temporal data in GIS. For more detailed information visit the
website of the developer [http://www.mikebydhi.com/Products/
WaterResources /MIKEBASIN.aspx]
MIKE FLOOD is a computer program that simulates inundation for
rivers, flood plains and urban drainage systems. It dynamically couples 1D
(MIKE 11 and MOUSE DHI) and 2D (MIKE 21) modeling techniques into one
single tool. MIKE FLOOD is accepted by US Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) for use in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
This software can be expanded with a range of modules and methods
including a flexible mesh overland flow solver, MIKE URBAN, Rainfall-
runoff modeling and dynamic operation of structures. MIKE FLOOD can be
used for river-flood plain interaction, integrated urban drainage and river
modeling, urban flood analysis and detailed dam break studies.
MIKE SHE is an integrated hydrological modeling system. It simulates
water flow in the entire land based phase of the hydrological cycle from
rainfall to river flow, via various flow processes such as, overland flow,
infiltration into soils, evapotranspiration from vegetation, and groundwater
flow. This product has been applied in a large number of studies world-wide
focusing on e.g. conjunctive use of surface water and ground water for
domestic and industrial consumption and irrigation, dynamics in wetlands,
and water quality studies in connection with point and non-point pollution. It
is used in regional studies covering entire river basins as well as in local
studies focusing on specific problems on small scale. For more detailed
information visit the website of the developer [www.crwr.utexas.edu/].
MIKE 11 is an engineering software tool for the simulation of
hydrology, hydraulics, water quality and sediment transport in estuaries,
rivers, irrigation systems and other inland waters. The main features of the
software are: fast and robust numerical scheme; wide range of hydrologic
modules; advanced cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport modules;

wide range of flood modeling modules; comprehensive water quality and
eutrophication modules; links to advanced hydrological, sewer and coastal
modeling tools; GIS add-on modules.
MIKE 11 is software key protected. The downloaded installation works both
as a Demo Version (without software key and license files) and as a Full
Version (with software key and license file).
MIKE 21 is a professional engineering software package for the
simulation of flows, waves, sediments and ecology in rivers, lakes, estuaries,
bays, coastal areas and seas. The modeling system is designed in an
integrated modular framework with a variety of add-on modules. This, in
combination with the range of dedicated and easy to use tools and editors,
allow customizing personal software package to suit specific needs, whether
for simple or more complex 2D flow modeling needs.
MIKE URBAN is a GIS-based urban modeling system for water
distribution systems and wastewater collection systems. MIKE URBAN is a
complete integration of GIS and water modeling. All GIS licenses and
components required are embedded in the MIKE URBAN license. MIKE
URBAN covers all water in the city, including: sewers - combined or separate
systems or any combination of them; storm water drainage systems,
including 2D overland flow; water distribution systems. It needs ArcGis for
running [14]. This application can be applied in any region of the world. For
more detailed information visit the website of the developer [http://dhi-
mike-urban.software.informer.com].
FEFLOW 6 (the latest major release of well-known FEFLOW subsurface
flow and transport simulation system) has a completely redesigned user
interface. Aside from technical advances such as hardware-accelerated
graphics, users will benefit from powerful and intuitive new workflows
during model setup and postprocessing. FEFLOW Viewer is a free-of-charge
postprocessing tool that does not require a license and thus allows anyone to
visualize FEFLOW model properties and simulation results.
FEFLOW FMH3 (Finite Element subsurface FLOW system) is the
software packages available for the modeling of flow and transport processes
in porous media under saturated and unsaturated conditions. FEFLOW is a
fully integrated three-dimensional finite element groundwater modeling
solution. This fully integrated environmental software was designed with an
easy-to-use graphical interface and offers analysis tools and robust numerical
algorithms. Integral components are interactive graphics, a GIS interface, data
regionalization and visualization tools and powerful numeric techniques.
These components ensure an efficient working process building the finite
element mesh, assigning model properties and boundary conditions, running
the simulation, and visualizing the results.
WbalMo is an interactive simulation system for the management and
framework planning of river basins working with the Monte Carlo principle.
It represents stochastically generated natural water resources, the uses of
water resources taking into account the saving in time up to one month in
volume. A registration of the system states during the simulation can be
associated with probability statements (deficits in water supply, compliance
with minimum runoff, etc.). The investigated flow field can be simulated both
under stationary and under time-varying boundary conditions, including

climate change. An optimization of the management can be made with the
help of targeted variant calculations.
HQ-EX is used to calculate probabilities of floods on the basis of time
series. Based on the time series the following tasks can be solved with HQ-
EX: a trend analysis and cleansing of the series and the determination of
outliers and providing the corresponding empirical distribution (the
empirical distribution is approximated by seven different analytical
distribution functions). It usually uses three different parameter estimation
methods: moment method; maximum likelihood method; method of
probability-weighted moments.
HQ-EX prints the parameters of the distributions, the fit measures and the
outflows for recurrence intervals from 1.1 to 10,000 years in tabular form.
WISYS Geof. is a tool for database and GIS-based management and
use of water resources information using ArcGIS from ESRI. WISYS supports
a modular software solution based on modern data modeling and database
management systems. It supports responsible authorities and local
institutions in their implementation. WISYS consists of a modular object
model that is configurable and extensible. Possibilities of the program
include: multilingual issues management; extensive analysis of river basin
structures and community structures; processing of water geometries and
event data, management and deployment of water courses; working with two
water networks and scale (work and report scale); visualization of time series
data (e.g. from monitoring programs); interactive map building for pre-
defined default layout, metadata; coupled with simulation models. Analysis
tools are also available on the web.
ELCOM (Estuary and Lake Computer Model, Version 2.2) is a three-

dimensional hydrodynamics model used for predicting the velocity,
temperature and salinity distribution in natural water bodies subjected to
external environmental forcing such as wind stress, surface heating or
cooling. Software was developed by CWR Centre for Water Research in 2009
[15]. This application of CWR can be applied in any region of the world too
(see CAEDYM model too). For more detailed information visit the website of
the developer [http://www.cwr.uwa.edu.au]
EPANET (developed by EPA's Water Supply and Water Resources

Division) is software that models water distribution piping systems. It
performs extended-period simulations of the hydraulic and water quality
behavior within pressurized pipe networks. EPANET was developed to help
water utilities maintain and improve the quality of water delivered to
consumers through distribution systems. It can be used to design sampling
programs, study disinfectant loss and by-product formation, and conduct
system vulnerability and consumer exposure assessments. It can assist in
evaluating alternative strategies for improving water quality, such as altering
source use within multi-source systems, modifying pumping and tank
filling/emptying schedules to reduce water age, using booster disinfection
stations at key locations to maintain target residuals, and planning cost-
effective programs of targeted pipe cleaning and replacement. EPANET can

also be used to plan and improve a system's hydraulic performance. The
software can assist with energy minimization and vulnerability study.
EPANET tracks the flow of water in each pipe, the pressure at each node, the
height of the water in each tank, and the concentration of a chemical species
throughout the network during a simulation period. Chemical species, water
age, source, and tracing can be simulated.
EPANET provides an integrated computer environment for editing network
input data, running hydraulic and water quality simulations, and viewing the
results in a variety of formats. These include color-coded network maps, data
tables, time series graphs, and contour plots.
The EPANET Programmer's Toolkit is a dynamic link library (DLL) of
functions that allow developers to customize EPANET's computational
engine according to their own needs. The functions can be incorporated into
32-bit Windows applications written in C/C++, Delphi, Visual Basic, or any
other language that can call functions of a Windows DLL. There are over 50
functions that can be used to open a network description file, read and
modify various network design and operating parameters, run multiple
extended-period simulations accessing results as they are generated or saving
them to file, and write selected results to a file in a user-specified format.
EPANET is public domain software that may be freely copied and
distributed. For more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/ dw/epanet.html].
ET GeoWizards is a set of powerful functions that will help the ArcGIS
users to manipulate data with ease. It enables the ArcGIS users with ArcView
licenses to perform some data processing tasks standardly possible only in
ArcEditor and ArcInfo. The surface functions make it possible to do 3D
analysis in ArcMap with no need of 3D Analyst. The ArcGis toolbox for data
manipulation is required. Developed by ET Spatial techniques. For more
detailed information visit the website of the developer [http://www.ian-
ko.com].
Geomedia GRID is an extension to the GeoMedia family of products
from Intergraph Corp. This jointly-developed collection of grid operations
allows for the creation, editing, and manipulation of grid files. GeoMedia
Grid is capable to convert any GeoMedia Feature Class to a grid map layer
and to apply traditional grid analysis techniques to the data. Local, zonal, and
neighborhood operations are possible between multiple map layers. The user
can extract database attributes, convert them to grid, combine them with grid
data layers such as Digital Elevation Models, or remote imagery, view the
analysis results in 3D, and return the query results to a vector Feature Class
[16]. GeoMedia Grid is exclusively available through Intergraph Corp. For
[http://imgs.intergraph.com/ggrid].
EPAL (Portugal) uses GeoMedia for running a Multicriteria matrix in

order to find and prioritize the sections of the mains to be replaced. The
multicriteria matrix was developed by EPAL in 2006. Also they use
Geomedia GRID for: location of the mains in streets with a very high slope
(risk of damage in case of a pipe burst) and with a very low slope (risk of
flooding in case of a pipe burst).

GInterAqua is an application which provides integral solutions for
water networks by Intergraph Corporation and support for asset
management [17]. For more detailed information see the following link
[www.intergraph.com] and [http://www.aquasis.pt/main].
H2OMAP Water provides a powerful and practical GIS platform for

water utility solutions. As a stand-alone GIS-based program, this software
combines spatial analysis tools and mapping functions with sophisticated and
accurate network modeling for complete infrastructure (asset) management
and business planning. It performs hydraulic and dynamic water quality
modeling, energy management, real-time simulation and control with an on-
line interface. The program can also be effectively used to analyze pressurized
sewer collection system. H2OMAP Water MSX and H2ONET MSX (Multi-
Species eXtension) adds modeling capabilities including the ability to
accurately model multiple interacting contaminants as well as sediment
deposition and re-suspension in drinking water distribution systems. The
program can also be used to track the movement, fate and build up of
particulate material in the water distribution system. It considers both settling
of particles under gravity as well as deposition of particles on the pipe walls
due to particle/pipe surface attractive forces.
Another feature of the software is its ability to accurately simulate spatial and
temporal variations in water temperature and temperature gradients
throughout any water distribution system [18].
H2OMAP Protector (from MWH Soft, Inc., Pasadena, California) is an
add-on module for the H2OMAP suite that can be used for water security
planning, infrastructure protection, and vulnerability assessment. Designed
with the latest geospatial modeling technology, Protector uses a geodatabase
for modeling various security scenarios. It can be used for estimating the
consequences of a terrorist attack or a crisis event on a drinking-water supply
infrastructure as well as formulating and evaluating sound emergency
response, recovery, remediation and operations plans, and security upgrades.
The program can be used to identify viable solutions before an incident or
disaster occurs, or to assist in responding should it occur.
HEC family products is software developed by the Hydrologic
Engineering Center (HEC, an organization within the Institute for Water
Resources and is the designated Center for the US Army Corps of Engineers)
for hydrologic engineering and planning analysis procedures, and include
number of products: HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS, HEC- SSP, HEC-RPT, HEC-
ResSim, HEC-EFM, HEC-EFM Plotter, HEC-FDA, HEC-DSS, CWMS. These
products cover wide area of tasks, related with surface and groundwater
hydrology, river hydraulics and sediment transport analysis, risk-based
analysis for flood reduction, water quality modeling, reservoir system
analysis and real-time water control management.
Although the software was developed for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers'
needs, the software is available to the public whenever appropriate. The
software can be downloaded from HECs website
(http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/) and may be used outside of the company
without charge. Some of these products are developed together with the

Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). For example, GeoEFM is
being programmed as an extension for ArcGIS and includes several GIS
functions that are used in EFM mothers application, such as management
of spatial data sets, comparisons of spatial result areas for different flow
regimes etc [19].
HEC-RAS allows to perform one-dimensional steady flow, unsteady
flow, sediment transport/mobile bed computations, and water temperature
modeling [20]. Developed by the Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for
Water Resources in 2009. For more detailed information visit the website of
the developer [http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software].
HEC-HMS is designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes
of dendritic watershed systems. It is designed to be applicable in a wide range
of geographic areas for solving the widest possible range of problems. This
includes large river basin water supply and flood hydrology, and small urban
or natural watershed runoff. Developed by the Army Corps of Engineers,
Institute for Water Resources in 2009 [20]. For more detailed information visit
the website of the developer [http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software].
Hydroplan (Belgium) is an integrated approach to sewer asset

management based on structural, hydraulic and environmental risk
assessments carried out on the strategic elements of the sewerage network
[21]. It starts with an inventory of the current situation and historical data, to
set-up an initial asset database. After that, an analysis is performed at the
pipe level and the pipes that will cause the greatest consequential damage in
case of failure are scored based on several factors (financial, social and
environmental). After estimating the impact of failures, the probabilities of
sewer failures are calculated. The results of the strategic analysis and the
failure probabilities are combined to come up with the global risk score. This
gives the set of critical pipes where proactive rehabilitation investments are
most cost efficient. The long-term investment is determined using a total life
cycle model and Monte Carlo simulations, that integrates all costs by
monetizing the risks and preventive investments. The sewerage database is
continuously updated with newly gathered information and the procedure is
looped through to ensure the timely detection of new problems and allow
better planning of most cost-effective solutions.
InfoWater is a fully GIS integrated water distribution modeling and

management software application. Built atop ArcGIS using the latest
Microsoft .NET and ESRI ArcObjects component technologies, InfoWater
seamlessly integrates advanced water network modeling and optimization
functionality with the latest generation of ArcGIS. InfoWater capitalizes on
the intelligence and versatility of the geodatabase architecture to deliver
unparalleled levels of geospatial analysis, infrastructure management and
business planning. Its unique interoperable geospatial framework enables
world-record performance, scalability, reliability, functionality and flexibility
- all within the powerful ArcGIS environment.
InfoWater offers direct ArcGIS integration enabling engineers and GIS
professionals to work simultaneously on the same integrated platform. It
allows to command powerful GIS analysis and hydraulic modeling in a single

environment using a single dataset. Users can create, edit, modify, run, map,
analyze, design and optimize water network models and instantly review,
query and display simulation results in ArcGIS. InfoWater MSX can also be
effectively used to track the movement, fate and build up of particulate
material in the water distribution system. Another powerful and unique
feature of InfoWater MSX is its critical ability to accurately simulate spatial
and temporal variations in water temperature and temperature gradients
throughout any water distribution system. InfoWater MSX gives water
utilities the vital ability to maintain a relatively constant water temperature in
their drinking water distribution systems within a desirable range and help
them to optimize their overall treatment and distribution processes and
improve customer satisfaction. This feature can greatly assist water utilities in
improving the distribution design to minimize dirty water and forge closer
ties with their customers. For more detailed information visit the website of
the developer [http://www.mwhsoft.com/products/infowater]
InfoWork RS, Wallingford Software integrates survey and time-series

data with detailed and accurate modeling, combining the advanced ISIS Flow
simulation engine, geographical analysis and a relational database within a
single environment. As a result InfoWorks RS allows planners and engineers
to carry out fast and accurate modeling of the key elements of river and
channel systems. Full flood-mapping capability is provided based on a
sophisticated flood-interpolation model overlaid onto an imported ground
model.
InfoWorks ICM (Integrated Catchment Modeling) is the integrated
modeling platform to incorporate both urban and river catchments. With full
integration of 1D and 2D modeling techniques both the below ground and
above ground elements of catchments can be modeled. InfoWorks ICM
enables the hydraulics and hydrology of natural and man made
environments to be incorporated into a single model. A full understanding of
the processes occurring can therefore be achieved, allowing the development
of cost effective, innovative solutions of engineering challenges. This
breakthrough in modeling ability has been achieved by extending the tried
and trusted InfoWorks CS simulation engine to include river channels,
bridges and other aspects more usually associated with river catchments. For
[http://www.mwhsoft.com/products].
InfoWorks WS gives an accurate view of the performance of user
network and assists with meeting user operational targets. Water supply
model can identify infrastructure weaknesses, water quality incidents and
other operational needs of all mains. The model can also be used to simulate
emergency conditions and investigate solutions.
InfoWorks CS provides water utilities with an effective tool for the
complete urban water cycle hydrological modeling. Essential for identifying
and justifying of cost effective infrastructure improvements, InfoWorks CS
provides a practical method for operational control, including real time
control, of wastewater networks. Other applications include urban flooding
and pollution prediction and the modeling of water quality and sediment
transport throughout the network. InfoWorks CS can also model networks of

storm water or wastewater drainage systems or a combined storm water and
wastewater system. Each network is modeled as a collection of sub-catchment
areas that drain to nodes (manholes or grade breaks) which are joined by
links (conduits, pumps etc.). For a network containing two separate drainage
systems (both storm water and wastewater), two sets of overlapping sub-
catchment areas can be modeled too.
InfoWorks can work directly with two external GIS packages, MapInfo
Professional (MapInfo Corporation) and ArcView (ESRI). InfoWorks data can
be exported to either of these packages for viewing and/or additional
analysis. Data can be created in or imported into the external GIS packages,
edited if necessary, and then loaded into InfoWorks for usage with InfoWorks
models.
SKABSpatial is a spatial oriented database for integrated geographic

information system applications. Infrastructure and superstructure of all
relevant information is held on the geometry of the Oracle Spatial database.
Data entry and updates can be done and integrated with other information
system enterprise solutions that represent an application. SKABSpatial
modules are recognised by the common name of the application [22]. Some of
these modules are: SKABSisu, SKABSasu, SKABSysu, SKABSbina,
SKABSadres, SKABSdebi, SKABSoffline, SKABSgis, SKABSgeoweb.
SKABSpatial application can help to make infrastructure facilities for
drinking water, wastewater and stormwater. The modules support an
integrated solution with a powerful GIS analysis (network monitoring, buffer
zones, etc.), an infrastructure dynamic objects labeling (annotation) feature
and dynamic symbology for infrastructure object features (color, style,
thickness), etc. This application can be applied in any region, but adaptation
is necessary [22].
SKABSpatial includes applications: Water Loss Monitoring and
Control (2009), Water Loss Monitoring and Control in Istanbul city and
Industrial Pollution Monitoring and Control (2008), Industrial Pollution
Monitoring and Control in Istanbul city. For more detailed information visit
the website of the developer [http://iskabis.iski.gov.tr]
ISIS Professional is one of the leading software packages for river

modeling. It is used extensively throughout the world on flood forecasting,
flood alleviation scheme designs, flood risk mapping, flood risk assessments
and catchment management planning projects. ISIS 2D, innovative 2D engine
is world class in modeling of dam breaches, embankment failure and rapidly
varying flow around structures. These tools provide engineers and managers
with flexible and cost effective tools so that they can make decisions to
proactively manage this environment. For more detailed information visit the
website of the developer [http://www.halcrow.com/isis/].
IQQM (Integrated Quantity and Quality Model, the New South Wales
Department of Land and Water Conservation and Queensland Department of
Natural Resources, Australia) is calibrated by two methods. Firstly, model
estimation of runoff is compared with actual observation in the river and
drain system. Secondly, model estimation of groundwater recharge provides

another mechanism to predict the groundwater level in the study area. For
river systems, the IQQM model is used whereas for groundwater system,
Visual MODFLOW is appropriate. The drainage and river system is modeled
using the IQQM software package.
For more detailed information visit the website of the developer
[www.csse.com.au/ projects/upid_site].
Kalypso (Kalypso-Simulation-Platform) is an open source application

for geospatial modeling and simulation. It is primarily developed to be a user
friendly tool for GIS-based modeling and simulation of hydrological and
hydraulic numerical models [23]. Kalypso Enterprise are customized versions
of the kalypso-simulation-platform that are deployed for several engineering
tasks such as flood forecast systems or decision support for urban planning
(see above point 1.1).
KureCAD (Finland) is a GIS-based tool for managing sewer pipe

rehabilitation with the following functionalities: 1) storage of asset
information, 2) sewer pipe rehabilitation prioritization, and 3) provision of
documents for the implementation of rehabilitation plans [24]. Data on
structural condition (strength and shape), functional condition (its ability to
transport water) and leakage rates (estimated leakage from the pipes) are the
three basic types of data in KureCAD. Using the results from internal
inspections or maintenance records, the user can specify a score, from 1 (good
condition with no repairs) to 4 (very bad condition needing immediate
repair). Denoting the condition of the pipe with respect to the three basic data
types, KureCAD then combines the scores into one condition index and
converts it to a GIS display. From this result, the assessment of the pipe
condition including sewer rehabilitation prioritization and rehabilitation
strategy selection and cost calculations can be done. In addition, KureCAD
generates planning and design documentation detailed site maps, detailed
construction specifications and contract conditions necessary to start the
rehabilitation work.
Mouse DHI - MOUSE is the short name of MOdel for Urban SEwers, a
computer program that models collection system for urban wastewater and
storm water. MOUSE was the first micro-computer based software in DHI
Water Environment Health and it was developed in 1983. MOUSE can be
used for analyzing CSOs and SSOs, evaluating Rainfall Dependent
Inflow/Infiltration, network capacity and bottlenecks, predicting local
flooding, estimating sediment build-up and transport, optimization and
design of Real-Time Control solutions, analyzing water quality and sediment
problems, and real-time modeling embedded in RTC solutions [14]. For more
detailed information visit the website of the developer
[http://www.dhigroup.com].
MOUSE consists of the following modules: HD Pipe Flow, computing
unsteady flows in pipe and channel networks; RDII Rainfall Dependent
Inflow/Infiltration, continuous modeling of the runoff process; RTC Real-
Time Control, defines and simulates real-time control schemes for urban
drainage and sewer systems; PD - Pipe Design, automatically calculates pipe

diameters for pipes to be (re)designed based on user-defined criteria; LTS
Long Term Simulations and Statistics, continuous simulations of long time
series, including wet and dry weather; ST - Sediment Transport, simulates in-
pipe sediment transport, erosion and deposition for uniform or graded
sediments; AD - Advection-Dispersion, simulates the transport and linear
decay of dissolved pollutants; WQ - Water Quality, simulates a range of water
quality processes, including decay of BOD/COD in biofilm and in the water
phase, hydrolysis of suspended matter, growth of biomass, oxygen
consumption, etc.
MOUSE GIS consists of the network editor and the results
presentation. The network editor gives the possibility to display a lot of data
and elements and to simplify the network according to certain criteria, and to
save the data as a model for further use in MOUSE. The network editor serves
the data preparation which will be used in the MOUSE model for
simulations. The results from MOUSE simulations can easily be shown on a
map in combination with GIS data (maximum water level, flooding problems
etc.). Moreover, this information can also be related to other information
contained in ArcView databases.
MOUSE GM is an application which links GIS ArcView, and MOUSE
software. Most of the possibilities of MOUSE GIS are also available in
MOUSE GM, but the implemented simplification concept is different and
there are some additional functions, such as import and export of model data,
enabling editing of network data, and gap-filling, possibility of definition of
catchments and model parameters, enabling of the model simplification
according to specific criteria.
MODFLOW-SURFACT is a powerful three-dimensional finite-

difference flow and transport program containing many advancements and
improvements over the standard public-domain versions of MODFLOW.
Other products of this developer include the following software. MODPATH
is a 3D particle-tracking model that computes the path a particle takes in a
steady-state or transient flow field over a given period of time. MODPATH
uses the head values and cell-by-cell flow. MT3D is a 3D contaminant
transport model that can simulate advection, dispersion, sink/source mixing,
and chemical reactions of dissolved constituents in groundwater flow
systems. RT3D is a software package for simulating three-dimensional,
multispecies, reactive transport in groundwater. The code is based on the
1997 version of MT3D (DOD_1.5), but has several extended reaction
capabilities. [25, 26, 27].
VisualMODFLOW is the most widely-used 3D groundwater flow model in
the world. MODFLOW can represent the effects of wells, rivers, streams,
drains, horizontal flow barriers, evapotranspiration, and recharge on flow
[28]. Software is developed by Waterloo Hydrogeologic, Inc. This application
can be applied in any region of the world. For more detailed information visit
the website of the developer [http://www.modflow.com].
NORISC (Human Health Risk Assessment Software module) The HRA

software package allows determining the level and spatial distribution of
human health risks at a given site as well as setting up site-specific Health-

Based Remedial Goals (HBRGs)/Risk-Based Concentrations (RBCs). The
output is presented in the form of tables and maps. Risk results are visualized
to assist the decision-making process and communication between different
stakeholder groups [29]. This application developed by NORISC in 2004 and
can be applied in any region of the world. For more detailed information visit
the website of the developer [http://www.norisc.com].
Optiwin is a decision support system and optimization tool that

consists of a central optimization module that is coupled to a number of
numerical impact models (e.g. [30]). The module is built around a genetic
algorithm and allows multi-objective optimization of vegetation damage,
drinking water quality, sludge production and financial cost. With the help of
the instrument the management of drinking water supply system is more
flexible, and the identification of suitable adaptive strategies to changes in
conditions is improved. The setup of the instrument is modular: according to
the specific needs of the case studies, the selection of impact models that will
be coupled to the optimization and decision support module can be varied
[30].
PCSWMM is the powerful urban drainage modeling application for

working with GIS/CAD based data. It enables different specialists to work on
the same data, improving workflow and collaboration. PCSWMM supports
the open standard and proprietary GIS and CAD formats, including ArcGIS,
Geomedia SQL, MapInfo, AutoCAD, OpenGIS SQL, and many others (over
30 vector and raster formats supported). PCSWMM provides direct support
for opening, editing, running, plotting and analyzing any existing SWMM5
(US EPA) models. This gives the possibility to study: time-varying rainfall;
evaporation of standing surface water; snow accumulation and melting;
rainfall interception from depression storage; infiltration of rainfall into
unsaturated soil layers; percolation of infiltrated water into groundwater
layers; interflow between groundwater and the drainage system; nonlinear
reservoir routing of overland flow. In addition PCSWMM can estimate the
production of pollutant loads associated with runoff. For more detailed
information visit the website of the developer [www.chiwater.com/
Software/PCSWMM.NET/index.asp].
PRO-GRADE is an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)

ArcGIS 9.2 plug-in tool, which provides the solution for quick estimation of
groundwater recharge [31]. It requires data of hydraulic conductivity, water
table and bedrock elevations. The software consists of two separate programs,
the Pattern Recognition Organizer for GIS (PRO-GIS) and the Groundwater
Recharge and Discharge Estimator for GIS (GRADE-GIS). PRO-GRADE
adheres to the default raster file developed by ESRI and uses ArcObjects
library for spatial data access and mapping. The vector quantities (i, j) for
each cell are calculated using two dimensional stead state and mass balance
equation. PRO-GRADE is a free software package for research and
educational purposes. For more detailed information visit the website of the
developer [http://www.esri.com/ news/arcuser/0408/groundwater.html].

REFLECT (Risk Evaluation of Functions and LandusE for drinking
water production) is based on ArcView and give a risk index by the
assessment of vulnerability. Developed by KIWA Water Research institute,
the Netherlands in 1998 [32] (currently KWR). Information is available in
Dutch.
RESPOND (Risk Evaluation of Soil Pollution for ProductiON of

Drinking water) is modeling instrument by which risks of groundwater
pollution can be assessed. This instrument can be applied efficiently within an
ArcGIS ModelBuilder environment, coupled with groundwater flow and
transport models in which distribution, retardation and attenuation are taken
into account. RESPOND consists of a set of loosely coupled tools both in and
outside the ArcGIS environment.
RESPOND facilitates the identification of effective risk-reduction measures
such as changing land use in the capture zone or selection of additional
monitoring sites. RESPOND is a helpful tool for land planning and
development, qualifying the relations between land use and raw water
quality. The risk for drinking water production can be minimized by
optimization of the land use in the capture zone. Developed by KIWA Water
Research institute, the Netherlands in 2006 [33] (currently KWR).
SIMONA is a set of water simulation models (in fact, a collection of

mathematical models that describe the hydrodynamic processes). It is
designed as a layered system which makes use of a uniform data. SIMONA
contains technical scientific knowledge in four models for the simulation of
Hydrodynamic phenomena, such as simulation of the tide and the transport
of substances dissolved in water. Below there are four specific models also
(WAQUA - to simulate water movement and transport of substances
dissolved in water in two dimensions (2D); TRIWAQ - for simulation of water
movement and transport of water solutes in three-dimensional (3D); SIMPAR
- for simulation of particles in the water; SLIB3D - for simulation of sediment
transport in the water). For more detailed information visit the website of the
developer [http://www.helpdeskwater.nl].
SMUSI 5.0 is a hydrologic runoff and pollution load model. The

purpose of the SMUSI model is the simulation of pollution load in urban
sewer systems. This model is used to determine the dimensions of
constructions for water pollution control in combined sewer systems. The
SMUSI model allows to prove to the controlling authorities that the limits for
dirt discharge are not exceeded.
The software runs on any normally equipped PC. It is especially suitable for
use in engineering agencies charged with the planning of urban sewer
systems. The Hessisches Landesamt fr Umwelt und Geologie is responsible
for the distribution of SMUSI 5.0. IHWB no longer provides free support. Paid
support is available upon request. For more detailed information visit the
website of the developer [www.ihwb.tu-darmstadt.de].
SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) was derived from the SWAT
(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model [34,35]. SWIM is a semi-distributed

model simulating water fluxes, plant growth, and nutrient cycles based on
hydrotopes, areas with uniform land use, soil type, and weather conditions.
SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) is a complex model

capable of modeling various phases of the hydrologic cycle using different
blocks (modules) such as RUNOFF, TRANSPORT, and EXTRAN. SWMM can
be used both for planning and design. SWMM is developed by EPA. Planning
mode is used for an overall assessment of the urban runoff problem or
proposed abatement options. SWMM is commonly used to perform detailed
analyses of conveyance system performance under a wide range of dry- and
wet-weather flow conditions.
The modeler can simulate all aspects of the urban hydrologic and quality
cycles, including rainfall, snow melt, surface and subsurface runoff, flow
routing through drainage network, storage, and treatment. Statistical analyses
can be performed on long term precipitation data and on output from
continuous simulation.
At present SWMM is frequently used in the U.S. for modeling wet-weather
overflows including CSO, SSO, and stormwater discharges from collection
systems. As such, it is the model of choice for use in many collection-system
modeling studies. For example, SWMM can be used to develop a CSO model
to accomplish various tasks leading to the development of a CSO Plan of
Actions mandated by EPA [36]. For more detailed information visit the
website of the developer [ http://www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/models/swmm ].
UnderOslo is an ArcIMS solution for online displaying of

water/wastewater pipes. For more detailed information visit the website of
the developer [http://www.dhigroup.com].
WaterAspects is an open source water modeling framework.

WaterAspects aims to be a flexible, extendable and user-friendly tool for
integrated water modeling. Potential users include water managers and
engineers, scientists and researchers, students working in municipalities,
regulatory authorities, consultants, universities, research institutions and
more. With an initial focus on integrated urban water management,
WaterAspects allows for the modeling of rainfall-runoff, pollutant transport,
simulation with long historic time series and event statistics based on user
defined event criteria [37]. WaterAspects project is maintained by PH-
Consult, Denmark. For more detailed information visit the website of the
developer [www.WaterAspects.org].
WaterIng is a software package for water distribution system design

and analysis. It offers a multi-objective evolutionary optimization engine
based on distributed artificial intelligence to support design and operation
decision-making. WaterIng makes it possible to manage water network data
easily by using TableView. Additionally, visualization of networks elements
over a GIS-based MapView is done. It is possible to import shapefiles,
information contained in EPANET files (.INP), or simply copy and paste
information from Excel tables to Tableview. Design solutions or existent

systems can be analyzed in steady state flow including extended period
simulation.
WaterSAFE from Haestad Methods, Inc. (Waterbury, Connecticut), is

an add-on component for WaterCAD and WaterGEMS software products.
WaterSAFE is designed to manage and safeguard water distribution systems.
It is a water system security and emergency planning tool specifically created
to study infrastructure vulnerability to terrorist attacks and natural events.
Harnessing the powers of ArcGIS, WaterSAFE enables water utilities to
analyze the movement of multiple constituents and track multiple sources for
a given period of time.
WEAP (Stockholm Environment Institute - Boston Tellus Institute,

USA) is a comprehensive, straightforward and easy-to-use tool for integrated
water resources planning. As a database, WEAP provides a system for
maintaining water demand and supply information. As a forecasting tool,
WEAP simulates water demand, supply, flows, and storage, and pollution
generation, treatment and discharge. As a policy analysis tool, WEAP
evaluates a full range of water development and management options, and
takes account of multiple and competing uses of water systems. WEAP is
distinguished by its integrated approach to simulating water systems and by
its policy orientation. WEAP is a laboratory for examining alternative water
development and management strategies. For more detailed information visit
the website of the developer [http://www.weap21.org/].
XPSWMM is a software package for dynamic modeling of storm water,

sanitary and river systems. It is used to develop link-node (1D) and spatially
distributed hydraulic models (2D) for analysis and design. XPSWMM
simulates natural rainfall-runoff processes and the performance of engineered
systems that manage water resources. It also simulates flow and pollutant
transport in engineered and natural systems including ponds, rivers, lakes,
floodplains and the interaction with groundwater. Real Time Control (RTC)
elements such as regulators, bendable weirs, and telemetry-controlled pumps
have been part of software since version 2. For more detailed information
visit the website of the developer [http://www.xpsoftware.com/].

4 Summary of tools and GIS applications
that have been or can be used for
RA/RM of urban water cycle related
climate change hazards
The PREPARED partners have proposed a number of wishes or requirements

for GIS tools and applications, which have to be taken into account in the
process of the applications development and/or adaptation during the
project:
GIS tools should be adapted for using/treating data from Regional
Climate Models.
Climate change problems are interdisciplinary topics and require a
multidisciplinary approach. GIS tools, which evaluate water
resources, soil and air conditions together would be beneficial for
solving this kind of problems.
Apart from the tools, suitable data to be spatially referenced needs to
be available. Current tools allow already a great deal of analysis to be
performed, but the critical issue is the availability of data to feed the
tools.
Not so much GIS needs to be evolved, but the data to analyze Climate
change effects should be provided.
A GIS based data model to analyze and solve the climate change
problems should especially aid decision making.
Taking into consideration climate change problems, means basically
using the models and more climatic scenarios evaluation. This means
that tasks that now are done once (because it is only evaluated one
climate scenario) will be done several times, so automation mainly for
importing model data results of the several scenarios into GIS and
combining these results into one or several flood risk maps and risk
management maps will be necessary.
The opportunities of real time GIS applications for response actions
should be realized, for example, flood mapping linked to local
communication data to inform the people affected (e.g. by text
messaging). GIS can be a tool for both risk assessment, risk
communication, and response actions.
The draft list of applications which have been or can be used for RA/RM of
urban water cycle climate change hazards and communication between
stakeholders is presented at the table 4.1. The list was based on the projects
goals and issues addressed by the Cities/utilities in the framework of the
project (PREPARED, 2009).

Table 4.1 List of the GIS applications, which are associated with certain
RA/RM tasks
Problems
king water systems

Impacts on drin-
Impacts on sani-
quality impact
tation systems
Surface water
Surface water
GIS application
Groundwater
Vulnerability
availability
availability
and risks
Flooding
Remarks
ArcHydro + +
ArcSWAT + +
BASINS + +
BlueM + +
CAEDYM +
CASS WORKS + +
CATS +
Cityworks + +
ELCOM +
EPANET + + +
Geomedia GRID + EPAL module,
with EPAL used in
module Portugal
GInterAqua +
H2OMAP Water, + + +
Protector
HEC- (RAS, HMS, + + + + Including
ResSim) other HEC
family
products
Hydroplan + +
InfoWater + + +
InfoWork (RS, + + + + +
ICM, WS, CS)
ISIS Professional + +
SKABSpatial + + Developed for
Istanbul
IQQM +
Kalypso + +
KureCAD +
MIKE BASIN, 11, + + + + + DHI software
21, FLOOD, SHE,
Urban

FEFLOW 6 and + + + DHI WASY
FMH3, WbalMo, software
HQ-EX, WISYS
Geof
MODFLOW- +
SURFACT
MOUSE GIS, + + + + DHI
MOUSE GM
NORISC + Human health
risk
Optiwin +
PCSWMM +
PRO-GRADE +
REFLECT +
RESPOND +
SIMONA +
SMUSI 5.0 +
SWIM +
SWMM + + +
WaterAspects +
WaterIng +
WaterSAFE +
WEAP +
XPSWMM + +
As we can see in Table 4.1, some of the products have an integrated approach
and can be used for a number of tasks listed above. Here we should take into
account that in framework of the previous (TECHNEAU, NOAH (FLIWAS
system), CARE-W, CARE-S) and current (AWARE-P) projects integrated
models and softwares surrounding to reach projects goals and find
solutions for drinking water, flooding or sewer system problems have been
created. For example, during the CARE-S EU project [38] MOUSE, InfoWorks,
SWMM and FLUENT software were used for all aspects of sewer and storm
water networks rehabilitation (besides, an additional tool or subroutine was
written in Visual Basic 6.0 to make output hydraulic results data available for
the other CARE-S tasks /WPs in .TXT format).
OpenMI standard development creates new basis for software integration in
framework of the projects, and some of the products listed in table 4.1 are
already OpenMI-compliant (InfoWorks, Mike, SWAT etc.) [39]. Compliance
to this standard allows time-dependent models to exchange data at run-time
and make model integration feasible at the operational level.
It is necessary to stress that on the one hand at this moment software
products, which are directly oriented on RA/RM of urban water cycle climate
change hazard aspects, are practically absent. On the other hand, the software
programs listed in chapter 3, cover (from a technological point of view) a
wide range of topics. This includes the topics in the list of main problems
which will be considered in the PREPARED project, such as: surface and

ground water availability; impact on surface water quality, drinking water
and sanitation systems; flooding; vulnerability and risks. Hence the main
parts of the software tools are available and cities or utilities can select the
most suitable applications for them. This will improve after adaptation of
some of the products for solving climate change related tasks and GIS toolbox
creation with specific RA/RM accents.
The final conclusions about necessity of the GIS applications development or
adaptation for each type of the hazard and the risks, related with climate
change, and hazardous events will take place after the Water Cycle Hazard
Database filling, selection and testing (WP 2.2).

5 GIS case examples
The examples have given below show only small part of the possibilities of
GIS based applications, which can be realized as tools for risk assessment and
risk management of climate change hazards, and will be adapted/extended
during the project.
5.1 Using hydrological models for watersheds simulation: Simferopol

The main problem which faced Simferopol city (Crimea, Ukraine) due to
probable climate change is lack of water resources. To solve the problem with
scarcity of local water resources, an additional reservoir was built in the
eighties of the past century and water came from Dnieper river through the
system of Northern Crimean Canal (distance near 300 km, 4 lifting pump
stations up to the reservoir and 290 m of lifting after purification). But, taking
into account that the city continues to grow and in any case the main part of
the water resources comes from 3 reservoirs, filled from local waters,
problems related to good quality of water availability arise.
Adaptation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model as
instrument for discharges analysis and forecast is planned in framework of
the PREPARED project. This includes water quality parameters, SWAT is a
physically-based watershed and landscape simulation model developed by
the USDA-ARS and mainly designed for non-point source pollutant analysis.
The SWAT model has built-in GIS and can be run on COTS software (ArcGIS
by ESRI) and on Open source (MapWindow).
Inputs for the SWAT model are:

1. DEM (digital elevation model). (can be downloaded from
http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/SELECTION/inputCoord.asp)
2. Land use, soil types layers (can be download from
http://www.waterbase.org/download_data.html)
3. Weather data: temperature (degree C), precipitation (mm/day), wind
speed (m/s), solar radiation (MJ/m2), relative humidity (fractional),
and potential evapotranspiration (mm H2O) .
4. Water quality and water quantity data for point source discharges and
water quantity data for reservoirs.
The SWAT model can be run under the different GIS platforms:
ArcSWAT was developed at Texas A&M and uses ArcGIS platform for runs.
OpenSWAT is a similar tool but uses an open source GIS platform
MapWindow GIS. This product is developed at Geospatial Software
Laboratory, Idaho State University, Idaho.
BASINS 4 (Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint
Sources, the U.S.- Environmental Protection Agency, USA) is a multipurpose
environmental analysis system designed for use by regional, state, and local
agencies to perform watershed and water quality-based studies. It includes
OpenSWAT as one of the built-in models (also HSPF, PLOAD, SWMM,
AQUATOX, WASP)

Using the SWAT model based on the DEM gives the possibility to receive
boundaries of watersheds, sub-basins and rivers with inlets and outlets.
Pictures 5.1 and 5.2 show the types of land use and soils zonation in the Salgir
valley (watershed of Simferopol reservoir one of the main local water
sources for Simferopol).
Watershed
Sub-basins
Settlements
Road
River
1 - Agricultural Land-Row Crops; 2- Orchard; 3-Summer pasture; 4 - Forest-

evergreen; 5 - Forest-mixed; 6 - Range-brush perennial; 7- urban residential-
medium density; 8 - Range-grasses perennial; 9 water; 10 upland
harvested.
Figure 5.1 Types of land use in catchment area of Simferopol reservoir
The SWAT model can calculate erosion in the watershed through modeling
surface flow with the use of daily precipitations. For the Simferopol
catchment area the value is 1.5 t/ha.
Availability of hours precipitation data gives the possibility for erosion and
maximum flow modeling.

Fact irrigated lands
Planed irrigated lands
Watershed
Water bodies
Settlements
River
Soil types
Figure 5.2 Types of soil
ArcSWAT Land/Soil/Slope Output provides information about the

distribution of each class in the territory and provides data about areas. Using
this information it is possible to evaluate the ecological state of the catchment
area based on the land cover type.
Figure 5.3 shows output table Land/Soil/Slope with areas covered by

different types of land use, soil and slopes in each sub-basin on the
watershed.
The necessity of the implementation of two other models from BASIN 4

package (HSPF and SWMM), which can work with urban watershed, will be
evaluated for Simferopol city too.
The HSPF model is built-in in the BASINS 4 package as well and can be used
for simulation of hydrologic and associated water quality processes on
pervious and impervious land surfaces, in streams, and in well-mixed
impoundments. HSPF incorporates the watershed-scale Agricultural Runoff
Model (ARM) and Non-Point Source (NPS) models into a basin-scale analysis
framework that includes fate and transport in one-dimensional stream
channels, and this model can be applied in mixed agricultural and urban
watersheds.
Besides, SWMM (see also chapter 3.1) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation
model used for single event or long-term (continuous) simulation of runoff
quantity and quality from primarily urban areas.

Figure 5.3 Example of output table Land/Soil/Slope
The following diagram shows different types of land use in Salgir river
watershed upstream of the Simferopol reservoir.
Tillage
Orchard
Pasture
Forest
Brush
Urban territory
Forest belt
Water
Open lands
Figure 5.4 Percentage of land cover to area of watershed

The runoff component of the SWMM model operates on a collection of
subcatchment areas that receive precipitation and generate runoff and
pollutant loads. The routing portion of SWMM transports this runoff through
a system of pipes, channels, storage/treatment devices, pumps, and
regulators. SWMM tracks the quantity and quality of runoff generated within
each subcatchment, and the flow rate, flow depth, and quality of water in
each pipe and channel during a simulation period comprised of multiple time
steps.
5.2 An Open Source GIS software application: Genoa
In the framework of the PREPARED project Iren Acqua Gas is going to apply
a procedure to map the quality of Genoa water pipes. It consists of
extrapolating the average of anomalies values obtained from the sampling
points, to the rest of the influence areas. This process will be performed by
generating a spatial join layer from polygons (influence areas) to points
(sampling points). These influence areas are dynamic, and are modelled each
three months depending on the water source. The sampling points data must
be manipulated to generate the average and the anomalies table. The
mathematical analysis will be performed by using a SQL code. According to
this background, the final software choice has been based on the advantages
it will provide to the project and procedures. Interoperability of data, quantity
and quality of the analyses tools, editing and layout tools, and the facilities to
connect the DBMS with the desktop GIS have been considered.
The project will run with PostgreSQL/PostGIS as a Spatial Data Base

Management System, and QGIS as a desktop GIS. PostgreSQL/PostGIS, even
though it is a heavy and quite complex DBMS, has all the needed
requirements.
The choice has been driven by thinking about the possibility of future
projects. This software allows researchers to:
- Work with geometric data. With a long list of spatial operators, the
system will allow the operator to generate the spatial join between
the sampling points data and the influence areas directly in the data
base;
- Upload shape files from QGIS using the shp2pgadmind tool: the
influence areas previously generated can therefore be charged to
PostGIS easily;
- Have a nice interface using Pgadmind III as a front-end
administrator. Pgadmind allows the user to control easily the
permits, modify/create the databases, and change the structure of
tables without the necessity to use SQL code all the time.
To visualize and create printable maps, QGIS will be used as desktop GIS.
Even though QGIS is quite limited in geographical analysis capabilities, in
this case most of the spatial data analysis process will be made with PostGIS.
So there is no reason to have a really complex tool in desktop GIS.

Figure 5.5 View of the query console with a part of the spatial join SQL
script
The possibility to use it as a GRASS interface or connect it to PostGIS converts

this open software to a very powerful tool for future works or projects. The
choice also has been based on:
- An intuitive editing menu with several tools to create/modify
points, lines and polygons layers tools.
- Easy way to access the layer properties. It is easy to change different
characteristics such as a projection, symbology or make new
reclassifications.
Figure 5.6 View of the QGIS interface with the Genoa water pipes map.

6 Comments
GIS software products, tools and applications developed for use in GIS
surrounding included in this report, represent different groups or categories
of software, open source as well as commercial. Special attention should be
given to the applications which can be used for support of Water Safety Plans
and Water urban Cycle development support, and can be adapted for usage
with climate change hazards related tasks. First of all, extended applications
should provide tools for risk assessment for integrated system, including
drinking water supply, sewerage and waster water treatment. GIS
technologies together with analytical models and hazards database will create
a foundation for future risk management and adaptive technologies
development. Using these tools in the final stage of the project
implementation will help to select the right decisions for the specific situation.
This will address issues such as increasing of growth of pathogenic micro
organisms in distribution networks, flood events or managing the drought
periods in the pilot cities.

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Overview of GIS

01 Ielizaveta Dunaieva Draft 27-08-2010 Chapters 1-4, 6

03 Patrick Smeets Final 03-08-2011 QA by WA leader

This report is:

Taking into account that in the project development and/or adaptation of

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

1 Overview of GIS software 5

2 Systems software and GIS applications in PREPARED project - current

3 GIS applications for RA/RM 24

5 GIS case examples 47

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Table 1.1 Overview of GIS software

Company, GIS software

Link and remarks

Albireo Telematics, Eagle 3.0 + www.albireotelematics.com

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

1.1 Open source GIS software

The development of open source GIS software has - in terms of software

1.1.1 Desktop GIS

Capaware is an Open Source GIS, an incredible fast C++ 3D GIS

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Figure 1.1 An overview of interfaces of open source software GIS [4]

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

1.1.2 Other tools

Popular spatial software instruments or environment groups are listed below.

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

1.2 Commercial GIS software

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Digital Data Technologies, Inc. developed AccuGlobe Desktop 2007, a

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

The following software products were developed during previous projects

Information on currently used operating systems and GIS related applications

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

England, Wales Dwr Cymru Welsh Water x

Finland Aalto University School of x

Turkey TUBITAK MARMARA x

Country/ Name of the Arc Arc Arc Map Other

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

Open source software development aims to produce computer programs for

Table 2.3 Differences between proprietary and FOSS software [4]

Warranty1 of developing company no license fees

(holds for every company) unrestricted use (e.g. no limits for

components should work together no update enforcement

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

software price and maintenance installation know-how necessary2

maintenance tied to specific

customized development can be

support only as long as soft ware

1) license agreements often exclude warranty

Overview of GIS applications - Prepared 2011.015

3.1 GIS tools used by PREPARED partners

Geographic information systems are important tools for understanding the