GRADE VI

UNDERSTANDING THE EXPONENTS

Objectives: Give the meaning of exponent and base.

Identify the base and exponent in a given expression.
Rewrite a multiplication phrase using exponent and vice versa.

REVIEW

Let us see how well you remember your multiplication table?

A. Find the product of each of the following.

1) 100 x 100
2) 35 x 35
3) 9x9x9
4) 4x4x4x4
5) 2x2x2x2x2

B. Find the products of the following. See if you can get them all correctly.

1) 121 x 121
2) 89 x 89
3) 50 x 50 x 50
4) 20 x 20 x 20 x 20
5) 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

Let us try again. This time you will be dealing with bigger numbers.

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 STUDY AND LEARN

Look closely at the following:

1) 100 x 100
2) 35 x 35
3) 9x9x9
4) 4x4x4x4
5) 2x2x2x2x2

Look closely at the numbers used in each expression.

Let us answer the following questions.

A. 100 x 100: Are the factors identical? (Yes)

What are the factors used? (100)
How many times is the number used as a factor? (2
times)
What operation is used repeatedly? (multiplication)

B. 35 x 35: Are the factors identical?

What are the factors used?
How many times is the number used as a factor?
Are the operations the same?
What operation is used repeatedly?

C. 9 x 9 x 9: Use the same questions above to answer letters C to J.

D. 4 x 4 x 4 x 4:

E. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2:

F. 121 x 121

G. 89 x 89

H. 50 x 50 x 50

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 I. 20 x 20 x 20 x 20

J. 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

Look closely at your answers to the questions given for each example.

Go back and write down your answers in your answers in your notebook to the following
questions.

Examples
Questions
A B C D E
Are the factors identical?
How many times is one
factor used?
What operation is used
repeatedly?

How many times is the number used as a factor?

Are your answers to each of the three questions the same from Example A to E?
Since all the answers are the same, then we can rewrite the five examples as equations.

1) 100 x 100 = 1002 We can write the first expression by using

2) 35 x 35 = 352 the factor (100) as the base and the
3) 9 x 9 x 9 = 93 exponent (2) which indicates the number
4) 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 44 of times the base is used as factor.
5) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 25

Are 1002, 352, 93, 44, and 25 expressions?

Yes, they are expressions since each one represents a number.
What do you observe with these new expressions?

In 1002, both 100 and 2 are numbers.

How is each one written?
The number 100 is written in normal font size, but the number 2 is written in a smaller
font size and placed above the right side of 100. (This is known as superscript).

The numbers 100 and 2 are written differently because each one has a different
meaning.

look at this:

1002 exponent

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 base

The BASE tells us the number is repeatedly used as a factor.

The EXPONENT tells us how many times the number (base) is used as a factor.

In 352, which is the base? Which is the exponent? How about in 93? 45?

Let us now do it the other way around. Let us rewrite expressions with exponents into a
simple multiplication phrase. Lets try 352.

How many times do we need to multiply 35 by itself?

Therefore, 352 can be written as 35 x 35.

Take a look at the other examples below.

93 = 9 x 9 x 9
45 = 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4
54 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5

TRY THESE

Read the directions for each exercise carefully. Write the answers in your notebook.

A. Identify the base and exponent.

1) 752
2) 8014
3) 63622

B. Rewrite using exponents.

1) 7x7x7x7
2) 30 x 30 x 30
3) 18 x 18 x 18 x 18 x 18 x 18 x 18 x 18
4) 241 x 241 x 241 x 241
5) 1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1x1

C. Rewrite as a simple multiplication phrase.

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 1) 39
2) 957
3) 1863
4) 2464
5) 13752

WRAP UP

Remember:
The base is the number used repeatedly as a factor.
The exponent tells how many times the base is used as a
factor.

ON YOUR OWN

Read the directions for each test carefully. Write your answers in your notebook.
A. Choose the letters that do not belong to the meaning.
1. The base
a. is used as a factor.
b. is used repeatedly.
c. is written as a superscript.
d. shows the number of times a factor is used.
2. The exponent
a. is used as a factor.
b. shows the number of times a factor is used.
c. is used repeatedly.
d. is written as a superscript.

B. Underline the correct answer for each.

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 1. In 79, the number 7 is the (base, exponent).
2. In 92, the number 2 is written as a (subscript, superscript).
3. In 37141, the number 41 is the (base, exponent).
4. In 658, the number 65 is written in (normal, small) size.
5. In 4197, the number 419 (is the factor, tells how many times the factor is used).
6. In 632, the number 2 (is the factor, tells how many times the factor is used).

C. Rewrite using exponents or as a simple expression.

1) 453
2) 1635
3) 87 x 87 x 87 x 87 x 87 x 87
4) 136 x 136 x 136 x 136
5) 8x8x8x8x8x8x8x8