Human Nutrition Commented [J1]:

Choose the best alternative and put at your answer on answer sheet provided
1. Nutritional problems of public health importance in Ethiopia include all except
A. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) B. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)
C. Fluorine deficiency disorder (FDD) D. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
E.) Iodine deficiency Disorder (IDD)
2. Incorrect statement about protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
A. Growth failure is the earliest sign of all forms of PEM
B. The cause/s of protein energy malnutrition is/are specific

C. The milder forms of PEM like stunting and wasting are highly rampant in developing
countries
D. Wasting is usually associated with inadequate weaning practice & outbreak of infectious
diseases
3. Among the following which is/are not a criteria to diagnose severe acute malnutrition (SAM)
in under five children.
A. Weight-for-height <70% or < -3SD of the median NCHS reference values
B. Unilateral pitting oedema.
C. Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) < 110mm D. A and B E. None
4. Which of the following statement is/are not true?
A. Nutrition security is not a necessary outcome of achieving food security
B. If the utilization aspect of food security is fulfilled, the nutrition security is achieved.
C. Food security is a necessary condition for nutrition security
D. Food security is not a sufficient condition for nutrition security

5. If an individual, due to lack of purchasing power, cannot get adequate food despite the fact
that food might be available in the market place. Which element makes the individual food
insecure?
A. Availability B. Supply C. Access D. Utilization
6. Unusual sales of non-productive possessions or assets is an indicator of
A. Food shortage B. Food crisis C. Famine D. All
7. Correct statement concerning general food distribution during emergency situation
A. Required when a given population is experiencing a serious food shortage and is unable to
access sufficient food to meet its nutritional needs
B. Its aim is to prevent deterioration of nutritional status that leading to malnutrition, famine and
death
C. Providing rations of 2,100 kcal per capita largely avoids the need for additional selective
feeding programs
D. All of the above
8. Most nutritionally vulnerable groups during nutritional emergencies includes all except
A. pregnant women B. Lactating mothers
C. Under 5 years of age D. Elderly people
9. Its main objective is to prevent the moderately malnourished from becoming severely
malnourished
A. Blanket supplementary feeding programs
B. Targeted supplementary feeding programs
C. General food distribution D. A and B E, All
10. If we implement those proven essential nutrition actions to prevent malnutrition, child
mortality is decreased by
A. 20 % B. 10 % C. > 23% D. None
11. Which of the following contact point is not critical to integrate essential nutrition actions?
A. Antenatal B. Post natal C. under five OPD
D. Immunization E. None
12. Is the most widely used method of nutritional assessment both in more and less technically
developed areas of the world.
A. Anthropometry C. Dietary
B. Clinical D. Laboratory
13. Which index takes into account both acute and chronic malnutrition.
A. Weight for age C. Weight for height
B. Height for age D. A & C
14. According to well-come classification of nutritional status, if child X weight for age index
is 56% and no presence of edema, the more likely diagnosis of child X is
A. Marasmus C. Kwashiorkor
B. Marasmic kwashiorkor D. undernourished
15. Which classification of anthropometric index is preferable to use in the field set up to
distinguish the acute and chronic forms of malnutrition
A. Gomez classification C. Well-come classification
B. Water low classification D. All can be used
16. Incorrect statement about Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)
A. Used to assess the fat mass of the body composition
B. Useful for screening of children for community based nutrition interventions
C. It is a sensitive indicator of risk of mortality
D. In children a value of MUAC < 12.5 cm indicates severe malnutrition
17. Which factors may not affect the validity of static biochemical tests?
A. Pregnancy C. physical unexercised
B. Infection D. sample contamination E. None
18. Among the following which would be a reasons why a single day dietary assessment does
not give the true mean intake
A. Day of the week effects B. Seasonal effects
C. Consecutive /non-consecutive days D. Holiday effects E. All
19. The most common form PEM in Ethiopia is
A. Wasting B. Stunting C. Underweight D. A and B E. All
20. Which of the following nutrient contain the highest composition in our daily food?
A. Carbohydrate B. Proteins C. Water D. Vitamins
21. Situations where nitrogen excretion is less than nitrogen intake from food includes except

A. Pregnancy B. Lactation
C. Recovery from illness D. Protein energy malnutrition
22. Which one of the following mineral is different from others based on requirement?
A. Potassium B. Iron C. Chloride D. Magnesium E. None Commented [J2]:
23. Which statement is/are not true among the following?
A. Nutritional requirement is the maximum intake level of a nutrient for a specified indicator of
adequacy
B. Knowledge of nutritional requirement is necessary to provide information to manufacturers of
infant formula and processed complementary foods
C. Nutrient standards are the average daily amounts of essential nutrients required to meet the
physiological needs of nearly all healthy persons
D. Dietary guidelines give advice on the consumption of types of food or food components

E. A and B
24. Correct statement about reference nutrient intake or recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
A. The amount of nutrient that will protect the individual from developing any deficiency disease
B. Is the daily intake, which meets the nutrient requirements of almost all 97.5% apparently
healthy individuals in a certain group
C. Its estimation starts with the definition of the criteria for requirement and adds corrections for
physiologic and dietary factors
D. A and C E. All
25. The premises that should be considered during estimating nutrient requirements for an
individual in a group
A. Assuming the requirements of individuals within a certain group is normally distributed
B. The requirement of every individual in that group for all nutrients other than energy is the
mean requirement for the group plus or minus 2 SD
C. Beyond mean (M) + 2SD some 1.25% of that group will develop toxicity of the nutrient
D. Below Mean 2SD value, all individuals develop deficiency state of that nutrient

E. All except D
26. Which factors you need not consider in estimating the nutritional requirement?
A. Physical activity B. Sex C. Body size and composition
D. Race E. Physiological states like pregnancy and lactation
27. A nutrient which results physiological toxicity cause when consumed in higher quantities
when compared to others,
A. Vitamin B. Energy C. Protein D. Mineral

28. Not true concerning energy requirement

A. Energy requirement is based on energy expenditure not energy intake
B. Energy requirements estimates refers to groups, not to individuals
C. Energy requirement of a group is the mean of the group and includes no safe margin
D. When energy intake is less than energy expended it gives positive energy balance
29. A nutritional intervention attempts to overcome specific nutrient deficiencies in the diet
by adding the missing nutrients to a commonly consumed food when it is processed.
A. Food diversification B. Food fortification
C. Food enrichment D. Food supplementation
30. For your information starting from January/2003 our government decided the price of certain
food related items (meat, cereals, fruit, vegetables and sugar and .), this intervention is
considered as
A. Consumer subsidies B. Food stamps
C. Food for work scheme D. Economic stability

E. All of the above

31. Why is weaning time usually the period for the syndrome of protein energy malnutrition to
set in?
A. Ceasing or reduction of breast-feeding
B. Improper weaning practices like introduction of supplementary foods abruptly
C. Use of bottle-feeding with diluted and dirty formula predisposing the child to infection
D. All E. None
32. Which of the following hospital diet is mismatched based on contraindication?
A . Regular diet----Pregnant women B. Clear liquid diet---patient out from operation
C. low sodium---Edam D. Soft drink---hypertension E. Low cholesterol diet-- atherosclerosis
W/ro Tewabech brought 3years old male child called Yitbarek to the pediatric OPD of Dilchora
Hospital. She told you that the child has diarrhea on and off type, loss of appetite. Besides she
stated that the child is not interested in his surrounding and sits miserably. On physical
examination you found out that the child is apathetic, hypotensive, has gray easily pluckable
hair, edema, weighs 9kg. While he is expected to weigh 14kg. Answer questions 43 to 44 based
on the above scenario.
33. What is the type of malnutrition the child is suffering from?
A. Marasmus B. Kwashiorkor C. Marasmic-kwashiorkor D. Underweight

E. Stunting
34. What other history would have been important to ask about this child?
A. About breast feeding B. Immunization history
C. About weaning process and type of weaning food
D. About educational status and family size E. All

35. Among the following, which statement is/are not true concerning the focus of nutritional
education?
A. Promotion of consumption of different diversities of foods rather than selling them
B. Breast feeding and its benefits
C. Hygiene, sanitation of food cooking and storage utensils
D. Cultural malpractices and beliefs in child feeding and weaning practices
E. None
36. Nutrition security includes all except
A. Household food security
B. Care of the vulnerable segments of the population
C. Adequate health services and environmental hygiene D. All E. None
37. ________ is an indicator of linear growth retardation results from extended period of
inadequate food intake.
A. Wasting B. Underweight C. Stunting D. All
38. What are the different risk factors involved for the development of protein energy malnutrition?
A. Low socioeconomic conditions
B. Ignorance of parents about the importance of child nutrition

C. Infections like measles, Pertusis, diarrhea

D. Child abuse (Neglect) E. All of the above
39. Essential nutritional action is vertical and theoretical oriented service to fill the maternal and child
services
A. True B. False
40. If the weight of the X person is 45 Kg with height of 190cm, then how you rate the nutritional
assessment of person X in term of chronic energy deficiency
A.I B. 0 C. II D. III E. None