Einstein

By Jeremey Ponrajah
Oldest Picture Of Him
Albert Einstein is born to Hermann Einstein a
salesman and engineer and his wife Pauline in Ulm,
Germany.
Residences Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and USA.
Ethnicity Ashkenazi Jewish
Known for General relativity, Special relativity,
Photoelectric effect ,Brownian motion, Mass-
energy equivalence, Einstein field equations, Unified
Field Theory, BoseEinstein statistics
Education
Although Jewish, Albert Einstein attended a
Catholic School.
Although Einstein had early speech
difficulties (he often said he used to repeat his
own sentences), he was a top student in
elementary school.
Einstein family moved to Italy, Einstein had
been left behind to finish high school, but he
withdrew to join his family .
Rather than completing high school, Einstein
decided to apply directly to the ETH Zurich,
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
Zrich which he did not get into .
His family sent him away to finish secondary
school.
In 1901, the year he gained his diploma.
In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.
Einstein and Mileva had three
children: a daughter born before
their marriage and two sons.
Einstein never met his daughter
Lieserl and, though there is no
official record of her, it is believed
she died before the age of two.
Their first son, Hans Albert,
studied engineering in Zurich and
later moved to the United States
with his wife and children.
Their second son, Eduard, spent
most of his adult life
institutionalized with Elsa was Albert's first
schizophrenia cousin maternally and his
Albert and Mari divorced on 14 second cousin paternally.
February 1919. Together the Einsteins
Einstein married Elsa raised Margot and Ilse,
Lwenthal, who had nursed him Elsa's daughters from her
through an illness. first marriage.[
 Before Einstein no one really
understood how light really worked.
It was a wave, particels,quanta no
one really new. Light did not follow
Newtonians physics. In 1905 Einstein
put out a paper that declared light,
travels as both a wave and as
particles called quanta, mostly
because it has to.
 The Einstein field equations are a
set of ten equations in Einstein's
theory of general relativity in which
the fundamental force of gravitation is
described as a curved space time
caused by matter and energy. They
were first published in 1915. The
Einstein field equations are used to
determine the curvature of space time
resulting from the presence of mass
and energy. That is, they determine
the metric tensor of space time for a
given arrangement of stress-energy in
the space time.
 First Part: Special relativity

The Theory of Relativity as two parts. First part special relativity second part general
relativity. Special relativity is based on two postulates .
2.The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to one
another .
3.The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their
relative motion or of the motion of the source of the light.
The resultant theory has many surprising consequences. Some of these are:
Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer's
"stationary" clock.
Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the direction that they
are moving with respect to the observer.
Relativity of simultaneity: Two events that are simultaneous to an observer A may not
be simultaneous to an observer B if B is moving
 General Relativity
The second Part in the Theory of Relativity is general relativity, which
primarily applies to particles as they accelerate, particularly due to
gravitation, and acts as a radical revision of Newtons theory, predicting
important new results for fast-moving and/or very massive bodies.

Some of the consequences of general relativity are:

Time goes more slowly in higher gravitational fields. This is called

gravitational time dilation.
Orbits precess in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of gravity. (This
has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars).
Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field.
Frame-dragging, in which a rotating mass "drags along" the space time
around it.
 Energy equals mass
times the speed of light
squared. Formula was
derived due to Einstein's
realization of how closely
energy and a mass of a
body is connected. This
formula suggests that tiny
amounts of mass can be
converted into huge
amounts of energy.
 Brownian motion is the
seemingly random movement of
particles suspended in a liquid
or gas or the mathematical
model used to describe such
random movements, often
called a particle theory.
Examined molecular action
that supported the Atomic
Theory.
 The photoelectric effect is a
phenomenon in which
electrons are emitted from
matter after the absorption
of energy from
electromagnetic radiation
such as x-rays or visible
light. Einstein hypothesized
that the number of
electrons released would
not depend on that light's
energy. Confirming his
hypothesis through several
experiments, Einstein won
the Nobel Prize of 1921 for
his works in his field.

According to Linus Pauling, Einstein later
expressed regret about his letter to Roosevelt.
In 1947, Einstein wrote an article for The
Atlantic Monthly arguing that the United
States should not try to pursue an atomic
monopoly, and instead should equip the
United Nations with nuclear weapons for the
sole purpose of maintaining deterrence.
Concerned scientists, many of
them refugees from European anti-
Semitism in the U.S., recognized the
danger of German scientists
developing an atomic bomb based
on the newly discovered phenomena
of nuclear fission. In 1939, the
Hungarian migr Le Szilrd,
having failed to arouse U.S.
government interest on his own,
worked with Einstein to write a
letter to U.S. President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, which Einstein
signed, urging U.S. development of
such a weapon. In August 1939,
Roosevelt received the Einstein-
Szilrd letter and authorized secret
research into the harnessing of
nuclear fission for military
purposes.Einstein formula E=MC
was key in the United States
developing the atomic bomb.
 The Einstein refrigerator is an absorption
refrigerator which has no moving parts and
requires only a heat source to operate. It was
jointly invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein
and his former student Le Szilrd. The two
were motivated by contemporary newspaper
reports of a Berlin family who had been killed
when a seal in their refrigerator broke and
leaked toxic fumes into their home. Present
day there's a project to develop more robust
appliances that could be used in locales
lacking electricity.
 Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
quantum theory of light, "Generation and Conversion of
Light with Regard to a Heuristic Point of View," for
which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in
1921 was published. The paper dealt with the
photoelectric effect and postulated that light sometimes
acts like a stream of particles with discrete energies, or
quanta.
 After the death of the first
president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli
government decided to offer the post
of second president to Einstein. He
refused but found the offer an
Albert Einstein, 5 Lirot,1968, Israel
embarrassment since it was hard for
him to refuse without causing
offence.

The letter offering

Einstein the presidency.
In 1999, Albert Einstein was
named "Person of the Century"
by Time magazine, a Gallup poll
recorded him as the fourth most
admired person of the 20th
century and according to The
100: A Ranking of the Most
Influential Persons in History,
Einstein is "the greatest scientist
of the twentieth century and one
of the supreme intellects of all
time."
 A partial list of his memorials:
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics named 2005 the
"World Year of Physics" in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the
publication of the Annus Mirabilis Papers.
The Albert Einstein Institute
The Albert Einstein Memorial by Robert Berks
A unit used in photochemistry, the Einstein
The chemical element 99, einsteinium
The asteroid 2001 Einstein
The Albert Einstein Award
The Albert Einstein Peace Prize
In 1990, his name was added to the Walhalla temple.
Barnard Medal of Columbia University in 1920
Copley Medal of Royal Society in 1925
Max Planck Medal of German Physical Society in 1929
Gold Medal of Royal Astronomical in 1926
 True religion is real living; living with all one's soul, with all one's goodness
and righteousness.
Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler.
The truth of a theory is in your mind, not in your eyes.
Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure
about the universe.
Only a life lived for others is a life worth while.
If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play;
and z is keeping your mouth shut.
I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World
War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.
If I had my life to live over again, Id be a plumber.
The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.
If you can't explain it simply you don't understand it well enough.
 On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein
experienced internal bleeding caused by the
rupture of an aortic aneurysm. He took a draft of a
speech he was preparing for a television
appearance commemorating the State of Israel's
seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but
he did not live long enough to complete it. He died
in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the
age of 76. Einstein's remains were cremated and
his ashes were scattered. Einstein's last words will
never be known as he said them in German and the
attending nurse could not speak German . Before
the cremation, Princeton Hospital pathologist
Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Einstein's brain
for preservation, without the permission of his
family, in hope that the neuroscience of the future
would be able to discover what made Einstein so
intelligent.
By: Jeremey Ponrajah