Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-31

I H
1. What aperture number correspond to an angular aperture of 55q
A. 0.35 B. 0.72
C. 0.66 D. 0.48

2. What are the theoretical element lengths and overall boom length for a three-
element Yagi designed for 220 MHz operation with element spacing of 0.18O?
A. driver=0.682 m, director=0.648 m, reflector=0.716, boom=0.49 m
B. driver=0.648 m, director=0.682 m, reflector=0.49, boom=0.716 m
C. driver=0.716 m, director=0.49 m, reflector=0.648, boom=0.682 m
D. driver=0.49 m, director=0.648 m, reflector=0.682, boom=0.49 m

3. Calculate the antenna power gain for a beamwidth of 10 degrees. APRIL 2005
A. 20 dB B. 2.6 dB
C. 26 dB D. 2.0 dB

4. A helix antenna has its pitch halved while everything else remains unchanged.
What is the change in gain, in dB? In beamwidth? In axis length?
A. G=-3dB, I=0.5x, L=0.5 B. G=3dB, I=1.4x, L=1.5
C. G=-3dB, I=1.4x, L=1.5 D. G=-3dB, I=1.4x, L=0.5

5. Calculate the gain and beamwidth of a parabolic antenna that has a diameter of
3 m, and an efficiency of 60%.
A. 40 dB, 1.75q
1.75 B. 45 dB, 4.91q
C. 32 dB, 3.33q D. 38 dB, 6.12q

6. In high frequency radio transmission, the lower the radio frequency the
_________of the antenna.
A. smaller the diameter B. shorter the length
C. bigger the diameter D. longer the length

7. Determine from the following an advantage of using a trap antenna.

A. Has high gain
B. Can be used for multiband operation
C. Minimizes harmonic radiation
D. It has directivity in the high-frequency bands

8. Type of antenna which is normally used for satellite tracking services.

A. Omni B. Yagi
C. Helical D. Dipole

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5-32 ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

9. Find the approximate width of a pyramidal horn antenna that will operate at
10,000 MHz intended to have a beamwidth of 10q. April 2000
A. 14 cm B. 34 cm
C. 24 cm D. 44 cm

10. Calculate the approximate physical length for a half wave dipole operating on a
frequency of 7.25 MHz.
A. 13.66 ft B. 73.86 ft
C. 64.55 ft D. 33.81 ft

11. An antenna with a length of 6 cm radiates a 12-cm wavelength signal.

Calculate the near field distance.
A. 2 cm B. 6 cm
C. 12 cm D. 16 cm

12. An increase in the effective power radiated by an antenna in a certain desired

direction at the expense of power radiated in other directions.
A. Antenna efficiency B. Antenna gain
C. Antenna total ratio D. Antenna back lobe ratio

13. Two wires that are bent 90 degrees apart.

A. Dipole B. Log-periodic
C. Hertz D. Rhombic

14. Gain of Hertz antenna.

A. 1.64 B. 1.5
C. 1.76 D. 4.24

15. A TVRO installation for use with a C-band satellite (downlink frequency at 4
GHz), has a diameter of about 3.5 meters and an efficiency of 60%. Calculate
its beamwidth. NOV 2003
A. 5.05q B. 11.7q
C. 1.5q
1.5 D. 3.2q

16. Electric circuit designed specifically to radiate the energy applied to it in the
form of electromagnetic waves, normally used to transmit and receive radio
waves.
A. Bandwidth B. Antenna
C. Wavelength D. Radiator

17. What is the reason why 5/8 whip vertical antenna is a advantage than quarter
wave vertical whip antenna?
A. Can handle high power signal B. Flexible
C. More gain D. Less than interference

18. Which of the following antenna where its beamwidth is determine by the
dimensions of its horn, lens or reflector?
A. Long wire antenna B. Aperture antenna
C. Whip antenna D. Aperiodic antenna
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-33

19. What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a repeater with 450 W
transmitting power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 6 dB duplexer loss, 7 dB
circulator loss, and feedline antenna gain of 25 dB? APRIL 2004
A. 3980 W B. 2839.31 W
C. 3141.98 W D. 1139.8 W

20. What is meant by the term radiation resistance for an antenna?

A. An equivalent resistance that would
wo dissipate the same amount of power
as that radiated from an antenna
B. The resistance in the trap coils to received signal
C. Losses in the antenna elements and feed line
D. The specific impedance of the antenna

21. Where does the maximum current and minimum voltage values on a resonant
Hertz dipole exist?
A. Ends of the antenna B. Near the center of the antenna
C. Near the end of the antenna D. Center of the antenna

22. In a VHF mobile radio system, the base station transmits 100 W at 160 MHz
frequency using half-wave dipole antenna 20 meters above ground. Calculate
the field strength at a receiving antenna at a height of 4 meters and a distance
of 30 km. (Gain of antenna is 1.64) Nov 2004
A. 161.58 PV/m B. 15.45 PV/m
C. 41.78 PV/m D. 34.13 PV/m

23. Radiation pattern of a discone.

A. Bidirectional B. Figure eight
C. Omnidirectional D. Unidirectional

24. Which is properly terminated antenna?

A. Rhombic B. Dipole
C. Marconi D. Hertz

25. A 400 feet antenna is to be operated at 6200 kHz. What is the wavelength at
this frequency? NOV 2004
A. 52.16 m B. 41.58 m
C. 48.39 m D. 33.56 m

26. Which of the following antenna feedline can easily be buried underground for a
distance without adverse effects?
A. Twisted pair B. Twin lead
C. Coaxial cable D. Waveguide

27. Top loading is used in an antenna in order to increase its

A. Beamwidth B. Bandwidth
C. Input capacitance D. Effective height

28. Unity gain antenna.

A. Dummy B. Half-wave dipole
C. Isotropic D. Rhombic

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5-34 ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

29. In order to fully utilize the _____ a quarter-wave vertical antenna should
require an excellent ground system.
A. troposcatter effect B. ground effect
C. mirror image principle D. reflected wave

30. A microwave communications uses plane reflectors as passive repeaters. The

diameter of the parabolic antenna is 18 ft while the effective area is 310 ft2.
Determine the reflector coupling factor. APRIL 2005
A. 0.76 B. 0.92
C. 0.906 D. 0.706

31. One of the following is a type of radio antenna used in a transmission and
reception of microwave signals.
A. whip antenna B. horn antenna
C. l-type antenna D. Discone antenna

32. What is the phase separation of two antennas 3/8 wavelength apart? NOV
2004
A. 135 degrees B. 185 degrees
C. 165 degrees D. 195 degrees

33. The antenna property of interchangeability for transmitting and receiving

electromagnetic energy under the same radio frequency is referred to as
A. back-to-back B. reciprocity
C. maximum energy D. re-transmission

34. What is the term for the ratio of the radiation resistance of an antenna to the
total resistance of the system?
A. Antenna efficiency B. Beamwidth
C. Radiation conversion loss D. Effective radiated power

35. ______ is a device that detects both vertically and horizontally polarized
signals simultaneously.
A. Light transducer B. Orthomode transducer
C. Optoisolator D. Crystal

36. What is the effective height of a broadcast antenna if the voltage induced in the
antenna is 2.7 volts and the measured field intensity received in the antenna
site is 27 mV/m? APRIL 2005
A. 29.7 meters B. 72.9 meters
C. 100 meters D. 127 meters

37. An antenna which is not resonant at a particular frequency and so can be used
over a wide band of frequencies is called
A. boresight B. aperiodic
C. top-loaded D. cassegrain

38. A helical antenna has the following dimensions: pitch is 1/3 wavelength,
diameter is wavelength and turns is 27. What is the gain in dB? NOV 2004
A. 10.34 dB B. 16.8 dB
C. 19.2 dB D. 13.5 dB
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-35

39. What is the usual electrical length of a driven element in a HF beam antenna?
A. wavelength B. wavelength
C. wavelength D. 1 wavelength

40. What is an antenna element that is not directly connected to the feed line, but
which affects the radiation pattern and feed-point impedance of the antenna?
A. Balun B. Driven element
C. Parasitic element D. Radiator

41. What is the purpose of the two yagi beam antenna on a VHF TV receiver?
A. For receiving low and high band stations
B. To increase selectively
C. To increase selectively on both hands
D. Used to receive VHF and UHF stations

42. A 500 kHz antenna radiates 500 W of power. The same antenna produces field
strength equal to 1.5 mV/m. If the power delivered by the antenna is increases
to 1kW, what would be the expected field intensity? NOV 2003
A. 1.66 mV/m B. 2.12 mV/m *
C. 8.45 mV/m D. 5.58 mV/m

43. What is a parasitic element of an antenna?

A. An element that receives its excitation
excita from mutual coupling rather than
from a transmission line
B. An element polarized 90 degrees apposite the driven element
C. An element dependent on the antenna structure for support
D. A transmission line that radiates radio frequency energy

44. Determine the approximate length of a simple whip quarter wave antenna at
UHF frequency of 450.25 MHz. April 2000
A. 3.47 ft B. 13.69 ft
C. 1.89 ft D. 0.55 ft

45. What is the electric field strength 10 km away in the direction of maximum
radiation from a half-wave dipole that is fed, by means of lossless, matched
line, by a 15 W transmitter?
A. 27.1 mV/m B. 271 mV/m
C. 0.271 mV/m D. 2.71 mV/m

46. Calculate the power density 25 km away from a 90% efficient half-wave dipole
if the transmit power is 125 W.
A. 23.5 nW B. 318.5 nW
C. 51.7 nW D. 931.35 nW

47. A dipole antenna requires to be feed with 20 kW of power to produce a given

signal strength to a particular distant point. If the addition of reflector makes
the same field strength available with an input power of 11 kW. What is the
gain in dB obtained by the use of the reflector? (Gain referred to this particular
dipole) Nov 1996
A. 2.6 dB B. 4.12 dB
C. 1.6 dB D. 1.76 dB

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5-36 ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

48. Calculate the operating frequency for a helical antenna that consists of 10 turns
with a spacing of 10 cm and a diameter of 12.7 cm.
A. 0.75 MHz B. 750 MHz
C. 7.5 MHz D. 75 MHz

49. A type of antenna that has physical length equivalent to one half wavelength of
the radio frequency being used.
A. Yagi B. Hertz
C. Rhombic D. Marconi

50. Calculate the gain, with respect to an isotropic antenna, of a half-wave dipole
with an efficiency of 90% that is placed one-quarter wavelength from a plane
reflector that reflects 100% of the signal striking it.
A. 12.46 dBi B. 4.8 dBi
C. 7.68 dBi D. 8.39 dBi

51. Due to the presence of parallel LC networks in the trap antenna, one of the
following is a disadvantage of using this kind of antenna.
A. Reduce power B. Radiate harmonics
C. Allow entry of interference D. Reduced beamwidth

52. How can the approximate beamwidth of a rotatable beam antenna be

determined?
A. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from
the front and near of the antenna
B. Note the two points where the signal strength of the antenna is down 3 dB
from the maximum signal point and compute the angular difference
C. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from
the front and side of the antenna
D. Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements and measure
the angle between the lines

53. What is the approximate length of a half-wave dipole antenna radiating at 6450
kHz? Nov 2000
A. 72.5 ft B. 136.6 ft
C. 13.73 ft D. 112.47 ft

54. What is the length of a simple quarter wave antenna using a VHF frequency of
150.55 MHz? April 2000
A. 5.82 ft B. 1.55 ft
C. 4.97 ft D. 3.52 ft

55. What happens to gain and beamwidth if the number of turns is doubled when
the pitch is halved?
A. 0.5x B. unchanged
C. 4x D. 2x

56. This is flexible vertical rod antenna commonly used on mobiles.

A. Hertz B. Whip
C. Ground plane D. Marconi
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-37

57. Calculate the distance from the apex of the 1st and 2nd dipole element of a log-
periodic antenna to cover the low VHF TV band, from 54-88 MHz. Use D=30q,
J=0.7 and L1=1.5 m
A. 2.8 m, 4 m respectively B. 4 m, 2.8 m respectively
C. 4.8 m, 2 m respectively D. 2 m, 8 m respectively

58. When testing transmitter to prevent interfering with other stations, which type
of antenna must be used?
A. Dipole B. Hertzian antenna
C. Void antenna D. Dummy antenna

59. In consists of a number of dipoles of equal size, equally spaced along a straight
line with all dipoles fed in the same phase from the source.
A. Broadside array B. Log-periodic antenna
C. Yagi antenna D. End-fire array

60. A Yagi antenna has a gain of 10dBi and a front-to-back ratio of 15 dB. It is
located from a transmitter with an ERP of 100 kW at a frequency of 10 MHz.
The antenna is connected to a receiver via a matched feedline with a loss of 2
dB. Calculate the signal power supplied to the receiver if the antenna is pointed
directly away from the transmitting antenna.
A. 82.8 PW B. 8.28 PW
C. 828 PW D. 0.828 PW

61. Radio wave concentration in the direction of the signal emitted by a directional
antenna.
A. Major lobe radiation B. Back lobe radiation
C. Transmitted signal D. Side lobe radiation

62. Referred as an effect of parasitic elements in an antenna system.

A. Makes the antenna isotropic
B. Makes the antenna omnidirectional
C. Increase its directivity
D. Decrease its directivity

63. A dish designed for operation at 150 MHz is operated at twice that frequency.
By what factors do gain and beamwidth change?
A. G=2x, I=2.5 B. G=2x, I=0.5
C. G=4x, I=1.5
=1.5 D. G=4x, I=0.5
=0.5

64. What is the gain of four identically polarized antennas stacked one above the
other and fed in phase?
A. 10 dB the gain of one antenna
B. 4 dB over the gain of one antenna
C. 3 dB over gain of one antenna
D. 6 dB over the gain of one antenna

65. What do you mean by the outward flow of an energy from any source in the
form radio waves.
A. Encoding B. Radiation
C. Emission D. Tracking

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66. What is the driven element of an antenna?

A. Always the forward most element
B. The element fed by the transmission line
C. Always the rearmost element
D. The element connected to the rotator

67. Theoretical gain of a hertzian dipole.

A. 1.76 dB B. 2.14 dB
C. 0 dB D. 1 dB

68. Best description of a collinear and broadside antenna radiation pattern.

A. Unidirectional B. Perfect circle
C. Omnidirectional D. Bidirectional

69. To minimize interference, a 500-MHz dish needs to have a 1q beamdwith. What

diameter dish is required, in wavelength and meters?
A. 50O B. 70O
C. 60O D. 80O

70. One of the following refers to the usage of a small loop antenna in radio
communications.
A. For mobile communications
B. For spread spectrum communications
C. For direction finding purposes
D. For satellite use

71. Determine the dB gain of a receiving of antenna which delivers a microvolt

signal to a transmission line over that of an antenna that delivers a 2 microvolt
signal under identical circumstances.
A. 3 dB B. 6 dB
C. 8 dB D. 10 dB

72. How can the antenna efficiency of an HF grounded vertical antenna be made
comparable to that of a half-wave antenna?
A. By shortening the vertical
B. By length the vertical
C. By installing a good ground radial system
D. By isolating the coax shield from ground

73. A horizontal antenna is

A. perpendicularly polarized B. horizontally polarized
C. centrally polarized D. vertically polarized

74. A parabolic dish has a diameter of 10O. What is the gain, in dB? What is the
beamwidth? If the dish is built for operation at 200 MHz, what would be the
actual diameter
A. G=27.8 dB, I=0.7q, D=15 m B. G=27.8 dB, I=7q, D=1.5 m
C. G=27.8 dB, I=7q, D=15 m D. G=2.8 dB, I=7q, D=15 m

75. The capture area of a antenna is directly proportion to the

A. Power density of the signal
B. gain of the antenna
C. distance between transmitter and receiver
D. frequency of the received signal
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-39

76. What property of an antenna which is a reason for its efficiency in receiving and
transmitting the intended electromagnetic energy and is physically identical to
its physical configuration?
A. Resonance B. Direction
C. Orientation D. Polarization

zian dipole operating at 30 MHz.

77. What is the effective area of a Hertzian
A. 16.4 m2 B. 11.9 m2
C. 17.38 m2 D. 27.18 m2

78. Known as the technique for adding a series inductor at or near the center of an
antenna element in order to cancel the capacitive reactance of an antenna
A. Center loading B. Reflector
C. Loading coil D. Dipole

79. A helical antenna is used for satellite tracking because of

A. maneuverability B. good front-to-back
C. circular polarization
polarizati D. broad bandwidth

80. In a VHF mobile radio system, the base station transmits 100 W at 150 MHz,
and the antenna is 20 m above ground. The transmitting antenna is a half-
wave dipole. Calculate the field strength at a receiving antenna of height 2m at
a distance of 40 km.
A. 1.1 PV/m B. 101 PV/m
C. 0.11 PV/m D. 11 PV/m

81. What is the estimated medium wind loading in the Philippines for antenna
tower design?
A. 160 kph B. 180 kph
C. 200 kph D. 240 kph

82. The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is

A. infinitesimal dipole B. elementary doublet
C. half-wave dipole D. isotropic antenna

83. One of the following is referred to as a way of increasing the electrical length of
an antenna.
A. By adding a capacitor in series B. By adding an inductor in parallel
C. By adding an inductor in series D. By adding a resistor in parallel

84. Find the power received by a Hertz antenna if the 150 MHz transmitter output
power is 50 kW. The transmitter is 100 km distant and also uses a Hertz
antenna.
A. 574.3 nW B. 340.6 nW
C. 810.9 nW D. 22.16 nW

85. Determine the dB gain of a receiving antenna which delivers a microvolt signal
to a transmission line over that of an antenna that delivers a 2 microvolt signal
under identical circumstances. Nov 1998
A. -5 dB B. -8 dB
C. -6 dB D. -3 dB

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5-40 ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

86. What makes an antenna physically long but electrically short?

A. Adding C in series B. Adding L in series
C. Top loading D. All of these

87. What is the front-to-back ratio for an antenna with a forward gain of +20 dB
and a backward gain of +15 dB?
A. -5 dB B. 0 dB
C. 5 dB D. 10 dB

88. A type of a grounded antenna is a/an _______ antenna.

A. Parabolic B. Marconi
C. Hertz D. Isotropic

89. What is the term for an antenna element which is supplied power from a
transmitter through a transmission line?
A. Parasitic element B. Director element
C. Driven element D. Reflector element

90. In the propagation of radio signal through an aerial, at what angle does
magnetic field are positioned with reference to the direction of the propagation?
A. 180q B. 90q
C. 0q D. 45q

91. Determine the gain of a certain antenna that will produce an effective area 199
m2 at 30 MHz?
A. 38.47 dB B. 26.37 dB
C. 13.98 dB D. 71.16 dB

92. Calculate the open-circuit voltage induce in a half-wavelength dipole when 10

W at 150 MHz is radiated from another half-wavelength dipole 50 km distant.
The antennas are positioned for optimum transmission and reception.
A. 282 PV B. 2.82 PV
C. 0.282 PV D. 28.2 PV

93. How do you compare the length of the reflector element of a parasitic beam
antenna with that of its driven element?
A. Reflector element is 15% shorter B. Reflector element is 2% shorter
C. Reflector element is half shorter D. Reflector element is 5% longer

94. What do you call the LC networks inserted in an antenna element to provide
multiband operation?
A. Loading coil B. Reflector
C. Traps D. Director

95. Where does the voltage node of a half-wave antenna exist?

A. At feed point B. Near the center
C. At the end D. Near the feed point

96. The minimum number of turns a helix antenna must have

A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 5-41

97. Which of the following type of radio communication antenna does not deliver an
omni-directional radiation pattern?
A. Whip B. Discone
C. Yagi D. vertical dipole

98. A helical antenna has 20 turns of diameter O/4, pitch of O/4. What are the gain
and beamwidth? If the frequency of operation is 250 MHz, what are the actual
dimensions of turn diameter, pitch, and length of the helix axis?
A. G=16.6 dB, I=2.6q, D=0.3 m. S=0.5 m, L=6 m
B. G=16.6 dB, I=29.6q, D=0.3 m. S=0.3 m, L=6 m
C. G=16.6 dB, I=29.6q, D=0.5 m. S=0.3 m, L=5 m
D. G=166 dB, I=2.6q, D=0.3 m. S=0.3 m, L=6 m

99. Two half-wave dipoles are separated by 50 km. They are aligned for optimum
reception. The transmitter feeds its antenna with 10 W at 144 MHz. Calculate
the received power.
A. 296 pW B. 38 pW
C. 26 pW D. 96 pW

100. Antenna impedance is similar to ______ in fiber optics

A. numerical aperture B. refractive index
C. critical angle D. acceptance angel

101. A directional variation of the dipole with parasitic elements added with
functionality similar to adding a reflector and lenses (directors) to focus a
filament lightbulb
A. Loop antenna B. Patch antenna
C. Yagi-uda antenna D. Beverage antenna

102. Two wires pointed in opposite directions arranged either horizontally or

vertically, with one end of each wire connected to the radio and the other end
hanging free in space
A. quad antenna B. helical antenna
C. loop antenna D. dipole

103. An array of square loops that vary in size

A. log-periodic antenna B. patch antenna
C. broadside antenna D. quad antenna

104. A form of directional long-wire antenna which uses a resistive termination at

one end and feed from the other
A. Hertz antenna B. Beverage antenna
C. Helical antenna D. Phased array antenna

105. Antenna that is used by submarines when submerged

A. synthetic aperture antenna B. phased array antenna
C. Beverage antenna D. trailing wire antenna

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