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11 and Series
3
Alternating Series
We see from these examples that the nth term of an
alternating series is of the form
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Alternating Series
5
Example 1
The alternating harmonic series
satisfies
(ii)
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Estimating Sums
A partial sum sn of any convergent series can be used as
an approximation to the total sum s, but this is not of much
use unless we can estimate the accuracy of the
approximation. The error involved in using s sn is the
remainder Rn = s sn.
The next theorem says that for series that satisfy the
conditions of the Alternating Series Test, the size of the
error is smaller than bn + 1, which is the absolute value of
the first neglected term.
8
Estimating Sums
9
Example 4
Find the sum of the series correct to three decimal
places.
Solution:
We first observe that the series is convergent by the
Alternating Series Test because
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Example 4 Solution contd
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Example 4 Solution contd
Notice that
and
12
Example 4 Solution contd
|s s6 | b7 < 0.0002
This error of less than 0.0002 does not affect the third
decimal place, so we have s 0.368 correct to three
decimal places.
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Estimating Sums
Note:
The rule that the error (in using sn to approximate s) is
smaller than the first neglected term is, in general, valid
only for alternating series that satisfy the conditions of the
Alternating Series Estimation Theorem. The rule does not
apply to other types of series.
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