Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3
4.
Complete
using
the
present
continuous
of
the
verbs
in
brackets:
-They
...........................................................
(drink)
coffee.
-He
...........................................................
(play)
tennis.
-We
...........................................................
(practise)
yoga.
-The
sun
...........................................................
(shine).
-The
cat
...........................................................
(drink)
milk.
-Two
old
ladies
...........................................................
(sit)
on
a
bench.
-Pete
...........................................................
(not,
smile).
-They
...........................................................
(live)
in
New
York.
-She
...........................................................
(write)
a
letter.
-You
...........................................................
(run)
upstairs.
-Granny
...........................................................
(bake)
a
cake.
-John
and
Mary
...........................................................
(listen)
to
music.
-We
...........................................................
(not,
swim)
in
the
sea.
-I
...........................................................
(drive)
a
car.
-Jane
...........................................................
(tidy)
her
room.
5.
Complete
the
text
using
the
present
continuous
with
the
following
verbs:
run
play
sing
shine
blow
cry
have
ride
.
It
s
Sunday.
The
sun
...........................................................
.
The
birds
...........................................................
.
A
cool
wind
...........................................................
.
The
children
...........................................................
fun.
Some
...........................................................
bikes.
Other
...........................................................
football.
A
little
baby
...........................................................
.
Some
dogs
...........................................................
round.
6.
Write
the
verb
between
brackets
in
the
present
simple
or
continuous.
-
.........
you
usually
.........
(eat)
vegetables?
-
Sorry,
I
can
t
talk
now.
I
..................
(brush)
my
teeth.
-
Sandy
..................
(not
drink)
alcohol
very
often.
-
They..................
(work)
at
the
factory
from
Monday
to
Friday.
-
Listen!
Somebody
..................
(shout).
-
He
doesn
t
have
time
now.
He
..................
(do)
his
homework.
4
-
How
often
........
she
........
(go)
to
the
dentist?
-
We
..................
(go
out)
for
dinner
every
Saturday
night.
-
Be
quiet!
I
..................
(study)
for
tomorrow
s
exam.
-
She
s
not
at
home
at
the
moment.
I
think
she
..................
(do)
the
shopping.
PRESENT
SIMPLE
VS
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
EXERCISES
1.
Put
the
verbs
into
the
correct
tense
(present
simple
OR
present
continuous):
The
train
always
________________(1:
leave)
on
time.
"What's
the
matter?
Why
________________(2:
cry/you)?"
That's
strange.
They________________(3:
not
to
watch)
TV.
He________________(4:
not
to
speak)
very
good
English.
Please
be
quiet!
I________________(5:
do)
my
homework.
Where________________(6:
live/they)?
Listen!
John
________________
music!
(7:
play)
I
never
________________(8:
go)
to
the
swimming
pool.
Harold
Black's
a
famous
pianist.
He________________(9:
give)
two
or
three
concerts
every
week.
He
________________(10:
travel)
a
lot
and
this
week
he's
in
New
York.
He________________(11:
stay)
at
an
expensive
hotel.
He's
at
his
hotel
now.
He________________(12:
have)
his
breakfast
in
the
diningroom.
He________________(13:
drink)
a
cup
of
coffee
and
he________________(14:
read)
a
newspaper.
Harold's
always
very
busy.
He________________(15:
play)
the
piano
regularly.
He________________(16:
practise)
for
four
hours
every
day.
He________________(17:
go)
to
bed
late
and
he
always
________________(18:
get
up)
early.
But
he
sometimes________________(19:
get)
dressed
too
quickly,
and
this
morning
he________________(20:
wear)
one
blue
sock
and
one
red
one!
PRESENT
SIMPLE
/
PRESENT
CONTINOUS
EXERCISES
1.
Complete
the
sentences
with
the
right
form
of
the
present
simple
or
present
continuous
1.
Every
Monday,
Sally
_________________________(drive)
her
kids
to
football
practice.
2.
Usually,
I
________________
(work)
as
a
secretary
at
ABT,
but
this
summer
I
___________
_________
(study)
French
at
a
language
school
in
Paris.
3.
Shhhhh!
Be
quiet!
John
_______________________
(sleep)
4.
Don't
forget
to
take
your
umbrella.
It
____________________
(rain)
5.
I
hate
living
in
Seattle
because
it
________________________
(rain,
always)
.
5
6.
I'm
sorry
I
can't
hear
what
you
_____________________
(say)
because
everybody
_______
_____________
(talk)
so
loudly.
7.
Justin
_______________________
(write,
currently)
a
book
about
his
adventures
in
Tibet.
8.
Jim:
Do
you
want
to
come
over
for
dinner
tonight?
Denise:
Oh,
I'm
sorry,
I
can't.
I
___________________
(go)
to
a
movie
tonight
with
some
friends.
9.
The
business
cards
_________________
(be,
normally)
printed
by
a
company
in
New
York.
Their
prices
____________________
(not
be)
expensive
and
the
quality
is
quite
good.
10.
This
delicious
chocolate
____________
(be)
made
by
a
small
chocolatier
in
Zurich
2.
Now
complete
the
text
with
the
present
simple/continuous
Today
_________________
(be)
the
second
day
of
my
trek
around
Mount
Annapurna.
I
am
exhausted
and
my
legs
_________________
(shake);
I
just
hope
I
am
able
to
complete
the
trek.
My
feet
_______________(kill,
really)
me
and
my
toes
_______________
(bleed)
,
but
I
________________
(want,
still)
to
continue.
Nepal
is
a
fascinating
country,
but
I
have
a
great
deal
to
learn.
Everything
_________________
(be)
so
different,
I
__________________
(try)
to
adapt
to
the
new
way
of
life
here.
I
_________
____________
(learn)
a
little
bit
of
the
language
to
make
communication
easier;
unfortunately,
I
___________________
(learn,
not)
foreign
languages
quickly.
Although
I
________________
____
(understand,
not)
much
yet,
I
believe
that
I
_________________
(improve,
gradually)
.
I
____________________
(travel,
currently)
with
Liam,
a
student
from
Leeds
University
in
England.
He
_____________
(be)
a
nice
guy,
but
impatient.
He
_________________
(walk,
always)
ahead
of
me
and
______________________
(complain)
that
I
am
too
slow.
I
_______
___________
(do)
my
best
to
keep
up
with
him,
but
he
is
younger
and
stronger
than
I
am.
Maybe,
I
am
just
feeling
sorry
for
myself
because
I
am
getting
old.
Right
now,
Liam
__________________
(sit)
with
the
owner
of
the
inn.
They
________________
(discuss)
the
differences
between
life
in
England
and
life
in
Nepal.
I
______________________
(know,
not)
the
real
name
of
the
owner,
but
everybody
____________________
(call,
just)
him
Tam.
Tam
_____________________
(speak)
English
very
well
and
he
_______________
(try)
to
teach
Liam
some
words
in
Nepali.
Every
time
Tam
_________________
(say)
a
new
word,
Liam
___________________
(try)
to
repeat
it.
Unfortunately,
Liam
______________________
(seem,
also)
to
have
difficulty
learning
foreign
languages.
I
just
hope
we
don't
get
lost
and
have
to
ask
for
directions.
6
PAST
SIMPLE
/
PAST
CONTINUOUS
EXERCISES
1.
Complete
the
sentences
with
the
SIMPLE
PAST
of
the
verbs
in
parentheses:
They
____________________
(watch)
TV
last
night.
Priscila
____________________
(talk)
to
her
friends
all
day.
I
___________________
(have)
a
terrible
headache
yesterday.
Bob
_____________________
(come)
home
from
school
late.
They
____________________
(arrive)
late
and
___________________
(miss)
the
bus.
She
____________________
(study)
hard
and
___________________(pass)
the
exam.
He
____________________
(call)
the
office
to
tell
them
he
was
sick.
I
___________________
(speak)
to
the
director
as
he
was
leaving
the
room.
Dr.
Johnson
______________________
(get
up)
early
this
morning.
Mary
_____________________
(do)
her
homework
and
________________
(go)
to
school.
Chris
____________________
(find)
a
ten-dollar
bill.
The
dog
______________________
(follow)
us
down
the
road.
Those
students
_____________________
(work)
hard
last
semester.
Lcio
___________________
(stop)
at
the
corner
and
__________________
(call)
us.
I
___________________
(try)
to
talk
to
Helen
last
night.
I
___________________
(pay)
the
phone
bill
yesterday.
My
dad
____________________
(catch)
a
cold
when
he
________________
(be)
in
Canada.
She
_____________________
(leave)
home
early
yesterday.
They
____________________
(know)
each
other
very
well
when
they________________
(be)
kids.
The
teacher
_____________________
(bring)
the
exams
corrected.
She
was
cleaning
the
vase
when
she
____________________
(drop)
it.
We
___________________
(jog)
in
the
park
yesterday.
The
fire
____________________
(occur)
while
we
___________________
(be)
out.
I
__________________
(meet)
some
nice
people
at
the
party
last
weekend.
Carol
_____________________
(sleep)
until
late
on
the
weekend.
Then,
she
_______________
(go)
out
to
lunch.
We
______________________
(fly)
to
the
USA
on
a
great
airplane.
7
1.
Complete
the
sentences
with
the
right
form
of
past
simple
or
the
past
continuous
1.
A:
What
_______________________
(you,
do)
when
the
accident
occurred?
B:
I
____________________
(try)
to
change
a
light
bulb
that
had
burnt
out.
2.
After
I
________________
(find)
the
wallet
full
of
money,
I
____________________
(go,
immediately)
to
the
police
and
______________
(turn)
it
in.
3.
The
doctor
____________________(say)
that
Tom
_________________
(be)
too
sick
to
go
to
work
and
that
he
_____________________
(need)
to
stay
at
home
for
a
couple
of
days.
4.
Sebastian
____________________
(arrive)
at
Susan's
house
a
little
before
9:00
PM,
but
she
__________________
(be,
not)
there.
She
_______________________
(study,
at
the
library)
for
her
final
exam.
5.
Sandy
is
in
the
living
room
watching
television.
At
this
time
yesterday,
she
_______________
___________(watch,
also)
television.
That's
all
she
ever
does!
6.
A:
I
_____________________
(call)
you
last
night
after
dinner,
but
you
_________________
(be,
not)
there.
Where
were
you?
B:
I________________________(work)
out
at
the
fitness
centre.
7.
When
I
______________________
(walk)
into
the
busy
office,
the
secretary
_____________
____________
(talk)
on
the
phone
with
a
customer,
several
clerks
_______________________
(work,
busily)
at
their
desks,
and
two
managers
________________________
(discuss,
quietly)
methods
to
improve
customer
service.
8.
I
_________________________
(watch)
a
mystery
movie
on
TV
when
the
electricity
______
____________
(go)
out.
Now
I
am
never
going
to
find
out
how
the
movie
ends.
9.
Sharon
____________________
(be)
in
the
room
when
John
told
me
what
happened,
but
she
didn't
hear
anything
because
she
_____________________
(listen,
not)
.
10.
It's
strange
that
you
_________________
(call)
because
I
_____________________
(think,
just)
about
you.
11.
The
Titanic
_________________________
(cross)
the
Atlantic
when
it
________________
___________
(strike)
an
iceberg.
12.
When
I
entered
the
bazaar,
a
couple
of
merchants
_________________________
(bargain,
busily)
and
_____________________
(try)
to
sell
their
goods
to
naive
tourists
who
__________
________________
(hunt)
for
souvenirs.
Some
young
boys
_____________________
(lead)
their
donkeys
through
the
narrow
streets
on
their
way
home.
A
couple
of
men
______________
____
(argue)
over
the
price
of
a
leather
belt.
I
____________________(walk)
over
to
a
man
who
_________________
(sell)
fruit
and
______________________
(buy)
a
banana.
8
13.
The
firemen
__________________________
(rescue)
the
old
woman
who
_____________
______________
(be)
trapped
on
the
third
floor
of
the
burning
building.
14.
She
was
so
annoying!
She
_______________________
(leave,
always)
her
dirty
dishes
in
the
sink.
I
think
she
______________________
(expect,
actually)
me
to
do
them
for
her.
15.
Samantha
_______________________
(live)
in
Berlin
for
more
than
two
years.
In
fact,
she
(live)
___________________
there
when
the
Berlin
Wall
came
down.
2.
Now
complete
the
text
with
the
past
simple/continuous
Last
night,
while
I
was
doing
my
homework,
Angela
__________________
(call).
She
said
she
___________________(call)
me
on
her
cell
phone
from
her
biology
classroom
at
UCLA.
I
asked
her
if
she
_________________
(wait)
for
the
class,
but
she
said
that
the
professor
was
in
front
of
her
speaking
while
she
___________________
(talk)
to
me.
I
couldn't
believe
she
________
____________
(make)
a
phone
call
during
the
class.
I
asked
what
was
going
on.
She
said
her
biology
professor
was
so
boring
that
several
of
the
students
_________________
_________
(sleep,
actually)
in
class.
Some
of
the
students
________________________
(talk)
about
their
plans
for
the
weekend
and
the
student
next
to
her
______________________(draw)
a
picture
of
a
horse.
When
Angela
_____________________
(tell)
me
she
was
not
satisfied
with
the
class,
I
_____________________(mention)
that
my
biology
professor
was
quite
good
and
___________________________
(suggest)
that
she
switch
to
my
class.
While
we
were
talking,
I
_______________________(hear)
her
professor
yell,
"Miss,
are
you
making
a
phone
call?"
Suddenly,
the
line
went
dead.
I
________________________(hang)
up
the
phone
and
went
to
the
kitchen
to
make
dinner.
As
I
____________________________
(cut)
vegetables
for
a
salad,
the
phone
rang
once
again.
It
_________________________
(be)
Angela,
but
this
time
she
wasn't
sitting
in
class.
PRESENT
PERFECT
1.
Write
sentences
with
the
present
perfect
They
/
ask
/
a
question
_________________________________________________
He
/
speak
/
English
___________________________________________________
I
/
be
/
in
my
room
_____________________________________________________
We
/
not
wash
/
the
car
_________________________________________________
9
Annie
/
do
/
her
homework
?
_____________________________________________
2.
Write
questions
in
the
present
perfect
using
ever
She
/
kiss
/
a
boy
____________________________________________________?
They
/
write
/
a
poem
_________________________________________________?
You
/
travel/
by
plane
_________________________________________________?
He
/
eat
/
snake
_____________________________________________________
?
They
/
know
/
a
famous
singer
__________________________________________?
3.
Write
negative
sentences
in
the
present
perfect
using
never
We
/
be
/
to
London
___________________________________________________
My
father
/
drive
/
a
lorry
_______________________________________________
Peter
and
Mary
/
drink
/
tea
_____________________________________________
She
/
cook
/
dinner
____________________________________________________
You
/
meet
/
him
______________________________________________________
4.Write
sentences
in
the
present
perfect
using
ever
and
never
1.
Have
you
___________________________
eaten
lobster?
2.
I
have
___________________________
been
to
France.
3.
I
think
I
have
_________________
really
known
you.
4.
Thats
the
smallest
car
I
have
_____________________
ridden
in.
5.
I
have
____________________
suggested
that
a
test
should
replace
a
teacher.
6.
She
is
probably
the
most
fascinating
woman
I
have
______________________
met.
7.
I
have
____________________
met
a
person
with
such
constantly
terrible
bad
luck.
8.
Have
your
children
_____________
had
Turkish
Delight
or
chocolate-covered
pistachios?
9.
You
cant
say
this
is
a
great
movie
is
if
you
have
__________________
seen
Citizen
Kane.
10.
Has
she
_______________________
visited
a
foreign
country?
11.
They
have
___________________________
written
a
poem
12.
Has
he
______________________
appeared
on
TV?
5.
Read
the
situations
and
complete
the
sentences
with
for
or
since
and
the
words
in
brackets
1.
Its
raining.
It
________________________________________
more
than
five
hours
(rain)
10
2.
Sean
and
Megan
met
years
ago.
They
___________________________________________
years
(know/each
other)
3.
Joe
got
ill
on
Sunday.
He
_______________________________________________
Sunday
(be/ill)
4.
Pete
got
ill
a
few
days
ago.
Pete
_______________________________________
a
few
days
(be/ill)
5.
You
have
a
headache.
It
started
when
you
woke
up.
I
_______________________________
____________________
I
woke
up
(have/
a
headache)
11
11.-
We
_________
(not
go)
to
the
cinema
last
night.
12.-
My
uncle
________
(arrive)
in
Lisbon
last
night
but
he
_________
(not
call)
13.-
We
_________
(not
see)
Pedro
Almodovars
new
film
yet.
14.-
_________
(you
go)
abroad
this
year?
15.-
The
shop
is
probably
closed
because
they
_______
(go)
for
lunch.
16.-
When
I
______
(be)
at
school
I
______
(not
like)
Maths.
17.-
Whats
the
matter
with
your
brother?
He
________
(lose)
his
mobile.
18.-
Mark
Spitz
________(win)
seven
Olympic
gold
medals
in
1972.
19.-
Why
are
you
crying?
Because
I
_______
(cut)
my
finger.
20.-
When
Mary
was
young
she
_______
(love)
skiing.
21.-
There
_______
(be)
a
lot
of
accidents
last
year,
and
there
_________
(be)
a
lot
this
year,
too.
22.-
My
students
__________
(not
study)
hard
last
term,
but
they
______
(study)
hard
this
term.
23.-
When
my
niece
______
(be)
at
school,
she
________
(play)
in
a
handball
team.
24.-
After
I
_____
(leave)
school,
I
______
(take)
a
job
on
the
library.
25.-
Im
afraid
the
last
train
________
(leave)
an
hour
ago.
26.-
Thank
you
for
your
offer
but
I
_________
(decide)
not
to
accept.
27.-
Yesterday
I
__________
(lose)
my
wallet.
28.-
We
________
(not
speak)
to
your
sister
for
a
long
time.
29.-
When
we
________
(reach)
the
cinema,
there
_______
(not
be)
any
tickets
left.
30.-
Take
your
umbrella
with
you.
It
________
(start)
raining.
Future Tenses
Present Simple
Present Continuous
To be + gerund
Use:
hablar
de
planes
futuros
que
han
sido
confirmados.
Yo
siempre
pongo
el
ejemplo
de
la
agenda,
t
miras
en
tu
agenda
y
ves
que
tienes
una
cita,
la
cual
ha
sido
confirmada.
12
The
president
is
opening
the
museum
at
6
p.m
Will future
She will come back at ten/ She wont come back at ten/ Will she come back at ten?
Uses
D) Para
tomar
una
decisin
justo
cuando
estamos
hablando.
Ten
cuidado
porque
si
traduces
las
frases,
te
pegara
ms
poner
going
to,
pero
no,
no
te
gues
por
la
traduccin.
Going to future
They are going to sleep/ They arent going to sleep/Are they going to sleep?
Uses
13
A) Para
expresar
intenciones,
algo
que
te
has
propuesto
y
que
tienes
intencin
de
hacer.
B) Para
hablar
de
planes
futuros.
Suelen
ser
algo
lejanos,
y
por
lo
tanto,
no
tienen
por
qu
ser
confirmados.
Future Continuous
Se
usa
para
hablar
de
acciones
que
estarn
en
marcha
en
un
momento
del
futuro.
Puede
ir
con
alguna
expresin
como
this
time
(en
estos
momentos)
Future Perfect
Se usa para hablar de acciones que habrn terminado en un momento del futuro.
What
are
you
reading?
Its
a
magazine
called
Music
to
your
Ears.
Its
about
inventions
and
what
(1)
will
/
wont
happen
in
the
future.
Well,
one
thing
is
sure.
We
(2)
will
/
wont
be
listening
to
CDs.
Everyone
(3)
will
/
wont
have
an
MP3
player.
I
dont
know.
I
dont
think
things
(4)
will
/
wont
change
that
much.
What
do
you
think
(5)
will
/
wont
replace
MP3
players?
What
do
you
mean?
MP3
players
(6)
will
/
wont
be
replaced.
Thats
what
people
thought
about
LPs,
and
its
difficult
to
find
those
now.
alex
Well,
they
might
be
replaced,
but
it
14
(7)
will
/
wont
be
for
a
few
more
years.
jay
Im
not
so
sure.
There
(8)
will
/
wont
be
another
new
music
invention
and
everyone
(9)
will
/
wont
want
one.
You
could
be
right,
but
I
(10)
will
/
wont
change
mine.
Its
got
all
my
favorite
music
on
it.
2.
Complete
the
sentences
using
be
going
to/will
1.
If
you
help
me
I
_______________
(finish)
sonner.
2.
She
_____________________
(visit)
London
next
week.
3.
These
shoes
are
really
dirty.
I
______________
(clean)
them!
4.
She
___________
(be)
eighteen
on
Monday.
5.
It's
very
hot
in
here.
I
_____________
(open)
the
window.
6.
I
___________
(go)
to
the
party
unless
it
rains.
7.
I
have
got
a
special
plan
for
the
weekend.
I
_____________________
(learn)
how
to
make
a
cake.
8.
If
you
pass
the
exam
I
___________
(be)
very
proud
of
you.
3.Complete
the
sentences
with
the
correct
form
of
the
verb
in
brackets.
Use
the
Future
Simple,
be
going
to,
Future
Perfect
or
Future
Continuous.
1. The
concert
...................................
(start)
at
exactly
10
oclock.
2. See
you
at
the
station!
I
...................................
(wear)
a
red
jacket.
3. Dont
worry!
I
...................................
(not
leave)
without
you.
4. We
certainly
...................................
(not
finish)
all
the
work
by
this
time
tomorrow.
5. Anne
...................................
(invite)
some
of
her
friends
for
dinner
after
work.
6. ...................................
she
...................................
(remember)
to
call
us
this
afternoon?
7. What
...................................
you
...................................
(do)
at
the
weekend?
1.Complete these sentences using the correct future form of the verbs given in brackets:
15
8. What
time______________(take)
the
train
tomorrow?
9. Be
careful!
You______________(hit)
that
wall!
10. Have
you
decided
what
to
wear
tonight?
Yes,
I________________(wear)
my
new
dress.
11. By
7,00
pm
they_______________(play)
for
six
hours.
12. I____________(finish)
painting
your
room
by
the
time
you
get
home.
13. Phone
me
tomorrow
morning,
I_____________(not
do)
anything
then.
14. What
do
you
want
to
have?
I____________(have)
a
glass
of
wine.
15. She____________(phone)
me
as
soon
as
she
gets
home.
16. By
five
oclock,
they______________(finish)
their
exam.
17. By
the
year
2010,
scientists_____________(find)
a
cure
for
AIDS.
18. What______________(your
son/be)
after
he
passes
his
exams?
19. He
says
he______________(be)
a
teacher,
though
perhaps
he__________(change)
his
mind.
THE PASSIVE
- Algunos
verbos
que
no
se
pueden
utilizar
en
pasiva:
go,
arrive,
have,
happen,
die,
come.
live,
exist,
occur,
sleepse
podrn
pasar
a
pasiva
los
verbos
que
sean
transitivos,
es
decir,
los
que
puedan
llevar
complemento
directo.
Ex:
I
eat
bananas
Bananas
are
eaten
CD
- A
la
hora
de
pasar
una
oracin
a
pasive,
tendremos
que
tener
en
cuenta
tres
cambios:
1. El
sujeto
de
la
oracin
activa
pasar
a
ser
complemento
agente
en
la
oracin
pasiva
16
2. El
complemento
directo
de
la
oracin
activa
pasar
a
ser
sujeto
paciente
(el
que
recibe
la
accin),
en
la
oracin
pasiva.
3. A
la
hora
de
pasar
el
verbo
a
pasiva,
tendremos
que
seguir
siempre
la
misma
regla:
tendremos
que
poner
el
verbo
to-be
en
el
mismo
tiempo
en
el
que
va
el
verbo
de
la
oracin
en
activa,
y
despus
poner
siempre
el
participio
del
verbo
conjugado.
- A
continuacin,
vamos
a
ver
algunos
ejemplos
de
paso
de
activa
a
pasiva
con
distintos
tiempos
verbales:
TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present
Simple
She
writes
novels
Novels
are
written
Present
Cont.
She
is
writing
Novels
are
being
written
Pres.
Perfect
She
has
written
Novels
have
been
written
Past
Simple
She
wrote
novels
Novels
were
written
TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Past
Cont.
She
was
writing
Novels
were
being
written
Past
Perfect.
She
had
written
Novels
had
been
written
Future
Simple
She
will
write
Novels
will
be
written
Future
Perfect
She
will
have
written
Novels
will
have
been
written
Be
going
to
She
is
going
to
write..
Novels
are
going
to
be
written
Modals
She
can
write
novels
Novels
can
be
written
- En
cuanto
al
complemento
agente,
que
siempre
ir
precedido
por
by,
slo
se
pondr
cuando
se
trate
de
personas,
animales
o
cosas
concretas.
Se
debe
evitar
con
palabras
como
people,
someboby,
me
17
Ex:
I
gave
her
a
letter
She
was
given
a
letter
CI
CD
18
3.Write
these
sentences
into
the
passive
voice
when
possible.
19
18. The
gardener
didn't
cut
the
lawn
yesterday.
19. They
sent
me
an
invitation
for
the
party.
Relative Clauses
1. Relative Pronouns.
20
- No
hay
comas
que
separen
la
oracin
de
relativo
del
resto.
- El
relativo
se
puede
omitir
cuando
funciona
como
objeto
o
complemento
de
la
preposicin
de
la
oracin
de
relativo
The
people
we
met
at
the
party
come
from
England
The
book
youve
written
will
be
successful.
3. Non
Defining
Relative
Clauses
- Proporcionan
informacin
adicional
a
la
presentada
por
la
oracin
principal,
pero
dicha
informacin
podra
omitirse
sin
afectar
en
absoluto
el
significado
de
la
frase.
Estas
oraciones
suelen
ir
entre
comas,
y
siempre
damos
dos
informaciones
sobre
una
misma
persona
u
objeto.
William
Shakespeare,
who
died
in
1616,
wrote
very
famous
plays
My
new
bike,
which
I
bought
last
week,
is
fantastic
- Los
pronombres
relativos
nunca
pueden
omitirse
en
este
tipo
de
oraciones
1. The Prime Minister was elected last month. He visited our town last week.
21
2. Toms
father
goes
swimming
every
day.
He
is
78.
3. Do
you
know
the
girl?
Tom
is
talking
to
her.
4. Bring
me
the
cigarettes.
I
left
them
on
the
table.
5. Mr.
Hogg
is
in
Spain.
His
son
has
been
missing
for
5
days.
6. I
protested
to
the
woman.
Her
dog
bit
me.
7. The
girl
left
him
after
a
few
weeks.
He
was
in
love
with
her.
8. Yesterday
I
met
John.
He
told
me
he
was
getting
married
next
month.
9. Martin
speaks
both
English
and
Spanish.
His
mother
is
Spanish.
10. The
man
was
away
on
holiday.
I
wanted
to
see
this
man.
11. This
is
the
man.
I
gave
money
to
him
this
morning.
12. What
is
the
name
of
the
woman?
Her
car
has
broken
down.
CONDITIONALS
Primer
condicional:
este
tipo
de
oraciones
se
utiliza
para
expresar
algo
que
siempre
es
verdad
o
muy
probable
en
el
presente
o
futuro.
Ejemplos:
-
If
you
eat
too
much
sugar,
you
ll
have
to
visit
the
dentist.
-
If
you
are
late
again,
your
boss
won
t
be
happy.
-
If
it
rains,
we
won
t
have
to
water
the
plants.
-
We
ll
still
catch
the
train
if
we
leave
now.
La
estructura
del
primer
condicional
es:
22
If
+
frase
en
presente
simple
+
frase
en
futuro
Segundo
condicional:
se
utiliza
para
expresar
condiciones
que
son
improbables
o
imposibles
en
el
presente
o
futuro.
Ejemplos:
-
If
I
were
you,
I
would
change
jobs.
-
If
she
arrived
soon,
we
could
go
to
the
cinema.
-
If
they
knew
that,
they
would
be
very
upset.
-
I
would
go
home
if
I
didn
t
have
so
much
to
do.
La
estructura
del
segundo
condicional
es:
If
+
frase
en
pasado
simple
+
frase
en
condicional
simple
(would/could/might
+
infinitivo)
Tercer
condicional:
estas
oraciones
expresan
condiciones
irreales
en
el
pasado,
es
decir,
condiciones
que
podran
haberse
dado
pero
no
se
dieron.
Ejemplos:
-
If
I
had
known
that,
I
would
have
told
you
immediately.
-
If
the
weather
had
been
nice,
we
would
have
gone
for
a
walk.
-
I
wouldn
t
have
gone
to
the
theatre
if
I
had
known
that
the
play
was
so
boring.
-
If
you
had
been
here
earlier,
you
would
have
met
Maria.
La
estructura
del
tercer
condicional
es:
If
+
frase
pasado
perfecto
(had
+
participio)
+
frase
condicional
compuesto
(would/could/might
have
+
inf.)
1
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
into
the
correct
tenses
1. If
I
see
him
I
(tell)
him
all
about
it.
2. If
I
had
known
you
were
in
hospital
I
(visit)
you.
3. He
would
get
fat
if
he
(stop)
smoking.
4. Many
tourists
would
come
to
this
country
if
it
(have)
a
better
climate.
5. If
I
had
realized
the
traffic
lights
were
red
I
(stop).
6. I
(keep)
a
horse
if
I
had
the
means
to
look
after
him
properly.
7. If
he
(eat)
all
that
he
will
be
ill.
8. What
would
you
do
if
the
lift
(get)
stuck
between
two
floors?
9. If
I
(win)
a
big
prize
in
a
lottery
Id
give
up
my
job.
10. If
we
had
more
rain
our
crops
(grow)
faster.
23
11. If
everybody
(give)
1
we
would
have
enough.
12. If
he
had
known
that
the
river
was
dangerous
he
(not
try)
to
swim
across
it.
13. If
you
(paint)
the
walls
white
the
room
would
be
much
brighter.
14. The
police
(arrest)
him
if
they
catch
him.
15. If
you
had
left
that
wasp
alone
it
(not
sting)
you.
16. If
I
find
your
passport
I
(telephone)
you
at
once.
17. Ice
(turn)
to
water
if
you
heat
it.
18. If
you
(not
like)
this
one
Ill
bring
you
another.
19. If
I
tell
you
a
secret,
you
(promise)
not
to
tell?
20. If
you
pass
your
examination
we
(have)
a
celebration.
21. I
(repair)
the
roof
myself
if
I
had
a
ladder.
22. If
she
leaves
the
fish
there
the
cat
(get)
it.
23. You
(not
have)
so
many
accidents
if
you
drove
more
slowly.
24. Youll
get
pneumonia
if
you
(not
change)
your
wet
clothes.
25. If
the
milkman
(come),
we
will
tell
him
to
leave
two
more
pints.
26. If
you
had
read
the
instructions
carefully
you
(not
answer)
the
wrong
question.
27. If
anyone
attacked
me,
my
dog
(jump)
at
his
throat.
28. If
the
story
hadnt
been
true
the
newspaper
(not
print)
it.
29. If
you
go
to
Paris
where
you
(stay)?
30. If
he
(read)
in
bad
light
he
will
ruin
his
eyes.
MODAL
VERBS
CAN:
Poder,
saber
(hacer
algo).
Indica
habilidad.
Tambin
puede
usarse
para
hacer
preguntas
educadas.
-He
can
lift
a
hundred
kilos.
(habilidad)
-He
can't
speak
English.
(habilidad)
-Can
you
tell
me
the
time,
please?
(pregunta
educada).
COULD:
Pasado
(pude,
poda,
supe,
saba)
y
condicional
(podra,
sabra)
de
CAN.
Indica
habilidad.
Tambin
puede
usarse
para
hacer
preguntas
educadas.
Tambin
para
expresar
posibilidad
(como
MAY
y
MIGHT.
Ver
ms
abajo).
-I
could
speak
Italian
when
I
lived
in
Italy
but
I
can't
now.
(habilidad)
I
tried
to
pass
my
exam,
but
I
couldn't.
(habilidad)
-Could
you
tell
me
the
time,
please?
(pregunta
educada)
-He
could
be
the
man
of
your
life.
(posibilidad)
24
BE
ABLE
TO
-I
havent
been
able
to
pass
the
exam
(no
he
podido
aprobar
el
examen).
MAY:
Poder,
puede
que
(para
indicar
posibilidad
o
pedir
permiso).
The
forecast
says
it
may
rain
tomorrow,
but
it's
not
sure.
(posibilidad)
He
isn't
at
the
party.
He
may
not
have
received
the
invitation.
(posibilidad)
May
I
speak
to
you,
sir?
(permiso)
MIGHT:
posiblilidad
MUST:
Deber.
Indica
obligacin
o
deducin.
MUSTNT:
Indica
o
prohibicin
It's
two
o'clock.
I
must
go
now.
(obligacin)
His
clothes
are
wet.
It
must
be
raining.
(deduccin)
You
mustn't
drive
on
the
right
in
England.
(prohibicin)
HAVE
TO:
Tener
que.
Indica
una
obligacin
impuesta
por
alguien.
I
have
to
get
up
at
seven
o'clock
every
day.
(obligacin)
Did
you
have
to
go
with
your
father?
(obligacin)
I
dont
have
to
get
up
early
every
day
(ausencia
de
obligacin).
I
dont
have
to
get
up
early
every
day.
(ausencia
de
obligacin)
NEEDN'T:
No
tener
que,
no
hacer
falta
que
(ausencia
de
obligacin).
I
needn't
go
to
school
tomorrow.
It's
Sunday.
SHOULD/OUGHT
TO:
Debera.
(obligacin
no
tan
fuerte
como
MUST
o
HAVE
TO:
implica
consejo
o
deber).
I
think
you
ought
to
work
harder.
Ought
we
to
invite
him
to
the
party?
Yes,
we
ought.
You
oughtn't
to
be
so
rude.
I
think
you
should
work
harder.
Aparte
de
ser
el
auxiliar
para
el
modo
condicional,
se
puede
usar
1. When Tom was 16, he was a fast runner. He ______ run 200 metres in 22 seconds.
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4.
I
was
feeling
terribly
sick
yesterday.
I
________
eat
anything.
5. Can you speak loudly, please? I _______ hear you very well.
8. He will be having lessons for another two hours. We _________ visit him now.
11. We have enough milk in the fridge so we __________ buy some more.
14. 'What kind of car do you want to buy? Something flashy?' 'Well, it __________ be
26
A. When
David
was
three
years
old
he
__________
write
his
own
name.
1.
must
2.
could
3.
is
able
to
3. Fill in the gaps with the right modal verbs. (must, mustnt, should, shouldnt,
ought to, have to.)
1. Children under thirteen___________ be accompanied by their parents.
2. People___________run around the swimming-pool.
3. It is not an obligation, but swimmers ___________ wear caps in the water.
4. All the users___________ read these instructions before entering the swimming-
pool.
5. The changing room___________ be left clean and tidy.
6. Swimmers ___________ have a shower before entering the swimming-pool.
7. For the safety of users, swimmers_________ eat before going into the pool.
S43. Choose the right modal verb. Elixa o verbo modal correcto para cada unha destas
frases.
1. All workers ............... wear protective shoes when working in the factory.
a) mustnt
b) have to
c) must
2. The secretary ................... finish all this work before going home.
a) must
b) has to
c) had to
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4. When I was a teenager, we .................. do a lot of homework.
a) must
b) had to
c) has to
5. Excuse me, you .................. smoke on the bus, its not allowed.
a) havent to
b) mustnt
c) dont have to
6. You will ......... save a lot of money if you want to go on holiday next summer.
a) must
b) have to
c) can
8. You ............... open the door oven before the fish is cooked.
a) didnt have to
b) dont have to
c) mustnt
FINAL REVISION
Manchester United.
4. Mrs. Moore _____________ (travel) to London every day but today she
5. Eileen ____________ (do) her homework in her room. She always _________
29
3. When I _____________ (go) to school, I _____________ (meet) an old
my hair.
it last night.
3. How long _____________ (she, live) here? - She _____________ (come) two
months ago.
last September.
D) Write the verbs in brackets in future with will or with be going to.
world.
4. How old are you, Jackie? - I _____________ (be) eighteen next Friday. - Oh,
E) Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, present, past or future.
1. _____________ (Jackie, put) her posters on the wall now? - No, she
_____________ (study).
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4. She _____________ (start) her project on Sunday, but she _____________
6. She _____________ (get) a letter from her American friend every month but
12. While I __________ (stay) with Carmen in Spain, I __________ (not take)
4. Yesterday I got up at 8.
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5. We . spend too much money tonight, we have got only a little left.
6. Will you finish this paper for tomorrow?, the teacher said.
1. The people are very nice. They live next door to us.
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2. What's the name of the man? He lives next door.
K) Change these sentences into the passive voice. Use the agent only when necessary.
3. Business people have opened lots of fast food restaurants in America this year.
33