Answer of Instrumentation test

1. Complete the following:

Thermocouple used for (measuring high temperature from -270

to1800)
Pt100 measure temperature for (-260 to 850)
load cell used for (measuring weight)
Analog signal volt has a range from 0 to (10) V and Amp. Range
from (4) to (20) ma

2- What are the differences between?

1- Open loop control
2 closed loop control

1- Open loop control:

1) The controlled value is changed by change in the control devise.
2) Used for low accuracy process control.
3) Low cost
1) Diagram:

2- Closed loop control

The controlled value is changed by automatic change in the control

devise by using controller and feed back signal. This done by using feed
back system which measure the process value and transmit it to
controller which compare this value with set point and gives order to
the finial element (actuator) to take the suitable action to investigate
the set point.

* used for high accuracy process control.

* High cost
* Diagram
3-What are the main modules for PLC?

Power supply-
-CPU
-I/O
-Racks
-Interface and communication modules

Power supply
To supply power to the PLC components (CPU, I/O cards, interface,
communication modulesetc)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU contains the basic program to control all modules connected
to it

I/O Cards
Several kinds of I/O cards are available to connect different kinds of
signals to the PLC
- Digital Input Cards-
- Digital Output Cards
- Analog Input Cards
- Analog Output Cards

Racks
Some types of PLCs use the racks to act as a base for hosting PLC
modules

Interface Modules
May also be called extension modules, used for extending the local rack
of a PLC to contain more modules

Communication Modules
To connect the PLC to another PLC, Intelligent device, HMI or any
kind of networks
4- Draw the ladder diagram for motor control

5-ddraw the timing diagram for

on delay timer
off delay timer

6- What` s the contains of control loop and draw block diagram

for process control?

Control loop elements:*

- Process variables-
-Measuring devices
-Controller
-Final control element
7- What are the uses for encoder sensors?

The uses for encoder sensors:

- measuring speed
- Angular position

8-Draw the whetstone bridge and write its applications

At the balance state the volt between (a,b) equal (0) then

I1R1= I2R2
I1R3=I2R4
By dividing the two equation
R1 R2
R3 R4

Then we can determine an unknown resistance by knowing the other

resistances.

The application of Whetstone Bridge:

1. Measuring weight by load cell, the out put volt is changed by
the load cell resistance changing according to the weight
2. To determine an unknown resistance.