INTRODUCTION:

Many of the challenges of today's exploration of a deposit

Mineral is largely diamond drilling. This is because many of the

Mineral deposits by giving surface laws that indicate anomalies, may already

Move to a drilling stage. When you move on to this stage you must take into account

That every meter that is recovered by the drillers, should be a great contribution to

Our mining and therefore our geology, since both the cost involved

These studies and as the professionals who study these witnesses, are vital

Importance for a later stage of progress of the project possibly,

Until the opening of the Mine, with which so much dreams a Geologist, in the life of

explorer.

Diamond drilling, apart from its economic value

Can be hundreds of thousands of dollars. It must also be valuable

Knowledge for the science of Mining, this means that with these data

We can model some types of deposit, whether they are looking for it or not

Came to do, that is why the drilling is of great help to the Geologist

Explorer, because without this data you could never discover new or already

Known deposits, in our territory.

Diamond drilling (perforation

With the use of diamonds) is one of the

Most commonly used probing methods

Excellence in mining activity,

Due to the greater information that is

Able to provide engineers with

Geologists for discovery,

Verification, study and

Mineral deposits;

Providing them with valuable

Information for the further design of the

Operating system to be applied.

In that sense, it has become one of the largest sounding systems

Preference in mining. This has led to the current development of a

Industry in continuous growth.

The principle of diamond drilling is based on the erosion or wear of the

Geological formations or rocks by friction, as an immediate effect of rotation

And thrust pressure to which the bit or diamond crown is subjected to

rock.
Importance and steps for drilling:

The importance of drilling is very

Simple, it's nothing out of this world, it's

How to describe a rock; let's see.

When describing a rock we first

We realize the color, after its

Texture, of its paste, of the crystals, its

Mineralogy and possibly its

disturbance. This is how the importance of

Drilling which is what we want

Know when we get to drill:

First, determine anomalous areas where large

Quantities of ore economically profitable for a company and therefore

Exploitable in a certain number of years.

Determine the geology of the reservoir, ie how many rocks are the ones that make up

The reservoir and how they are spatially arranged both on the surface and

In the interior, then this will determine the position of the rock in depth,

Its geological characteristics (both color, texture, paste, alteration,

Fracturing and mineralization).

Determine the halos of alteration of structures or bodies

Mineralized, here we can see areas where it is concentrated in

Minerals, for example, in a porphyry in an area

Propiltica the greater concentration of minerals will be only pyrite and bargain

Calcite, but in a phyllic zone the concentrations of Cpy, will be higher than the

Of pyrite, with this we can conclude that the zones of alteration delimit bodies

Of economic performance.

Determine the degree of fracturing of the deposit area, with this

We will know the degree of difficulty, that will come to us for the mine

(Somewhat shallow of course), in turn also determine the

Faults that may have altered the bodies or structures of the

Deposit.

Determine the mineralogy of the deposit where the highest mineralization occurs

And as it is accompanied, this may possibly tell us that when

There is a certain type of mineral there is another perhaps with greater economic value.

In the later (on the farm) we can also give the paragenesis of the

Deposit. All this will help us to determine the following parameters:

If there is ore concentration and if there is, it is possible to move to the next one

Drilling stage where the drilling is closer and no longer with

Variable slopes if not more horizontal, to determine our cutt-off

miner. If in the event that there is not enough to start, you can negotiate with

Other smaller companies, so that they can continue.

Determine the type of deposit in which you are working, for example a porphyry,

Veins, mantle, bodies, etc. According to this you will see the type of

Must do in the later.

To delimit and contour the zones of highest concentration of mineral, of

According to the alterations to delimit bodies of interest or delimit them by means of

Areas of structures (veins), or areas of skarn.

With the extracted color data, the RQD (Rock Quality

Designation Index), which will serve us for the Geomechanics of the Deposit.

It will also serve to construct lithological profiles of each drill

That we drill and of the depth that they reach, drawn to a scale

Which the company deems appropriate.

Interpretations of the profiles can be made,

To correlate zones of high metallic content with others that resemble

East.

Interpretations will be made of surface areas or outcrop structures

With which we have in depth, this according to the corrections that are

Have made in the surface profiles. All of the above points

Are very important for the evaluation of a deposit, but each one of them

Can be studied later and more deeply.

Classify them

According to their general characteristics as:

Laptops. - These teams have

The advantage of getting to where others

Teams can not, at least not,

On the shoulders of a team

of people; Which makes it

In the ideal teams to reach

Drilling platforms

Inaccessible to the units

Motorized.

They work with tools and

Lightweight accessories for minors

Diameters than traditional HQ

And NQ (NTW, BTW in this case)

Can reach depths

Between 200 and 400 mts. With NTW and

Between 400 and 600 meters with BTW

Lightweight. - Within this range of equipment

We have machines that can

To be mounted on skates, on a
Trucks or caterpillars, and some designed to

Disassemble them quickly for your

Mobilization with helicopter.

("Helitransports") and which may

Reach average depths of

Between 200 and 500 mts. Depth with

HQ and 500 to 800 mts. With NQ,

Eventually the diameter is also used

BQ for greater depths or

Depending on the terrain conditions

Medium. - We can consider the

Teams that can overcome these

Depths with better performance

That light

Heavy. - They are the great teams

Power, with drilling capabilities

Of greater diameter as the PQ. (Many

Medium-sized teams can also do this,

But with many maneuvers and delays to

Not be prepared for that diameter in

special). These teams have

Of more than 1000 meters in

Some cases can make wells over

Of 2000 mts. Of depth.

Log in:

Preparation of the boxes: Check that the witnesses are in order and well

Placed; Control of tacos and final footage; Numbering and labeling of

Samples.

Geotechnics: Recovery and RQD

Lithology

Alterations

Mineralizations

Sampling

RQD

Is defined as the percentage of recovery of controls of more than 10 cm

Length (on its axis) without taking into account the fresh breaks in the

Drilling relative to the total length of the drill.

PROCESS

First procedure

It is calculated by measuring and summing the length of all the larger pieces of control

Than 10 cm in the control range of 1.5 m.

From the witnesses obtained in the exploration. Measurement of RQD in control

Exploration 150

Core discs caused by mechanical rupture of the rock

As part of the RQD.

Second procedure

It includes the calculation of the RQD as a function of the number of cracks per meter,

Determined when performing the lithological-structural survey (Detail line) in the

Area or predetermined area of the mining operation.

RQD Determined in the field by the area of Geotechnics, in a longitudinal section

Of exposed wall d) RQD = 100e ^ -0.1 x (0.1 +1) Priest and Hudson, 1976

Where: = Number of Cracks / Space (Span)

Third procedure
It includes the calculation of the RQD as a function of the number of cracks per cubic meter

(Jv = Joint Volumetric number) determined during the survey

Lithological-structural (Detail line) in the predetermined area or zone of the operation

Mining

It includes the calculation of the RQD as a function of the number of cracks per cubic meter

Structural lithological survey of the walls of the

Uses for blasting: RQD = 115 - (3.3) Jv

Where: Jv = number of cracks per cubic meter

Note: The Jv is calculated by adding the number of fissures per meter cut from

Independent of each of the 3 axes of an imaginary cube in the

Rocky body of analysis. A crack should not be counted on more than one axis,

For example, if a crack intersects the x-axis and the y-axis, we will have it either on the x-axis or

In the y-axis but not in both. For greater precision, we will measure a

Length on each axis and then find the number of cracks in a single

Meter, making a simple 3 rule.

Thus we will have:

Jv (shaft) = (# of fissures / shaft length)

Jv = Jvx + Jvy + Jvz

and finally:

RQD = 115 - (3.3) Jv

Which represents the percentage of RQD

Safety recommendations

1. The geomembrane should protrude approximately 1 meter by 4

Sides of the probe, as a precaution in the event that any of the

Hydraulic hoses, air or sludge.

2. In addition, a polyethylene or other material must be installed under

Oil, grease, diesel, etc., to avoid

Fuels or lubricants.

3. When leveling the probe, the hydraulic jacks must be set on

Approximately 4 "thick, in order to avoid

They sink and cause unevenness of the drilling equipment.

4. If high-tonnage vehicles pass through the site, the

Construction of a safety edge that isolates the platform, with a

Height of not less than 1,5 meters. Reflecting cones should be placed on the

Top of the berm.

5. If the drill point is very close to the "hill", ask for the

Construction of a safety edge that protects in case of

Sliding or falling rocks.

Conclusions:

Diamond drilling in exploration is the most important

Because it will give us as a result if the prospect is economic or not

economic.

The costs of drilling depend on the type of drilling that

If you choose.

Do not try to reduce drilling costs because it depends on the

project development.

When installing the probe at the point to be drilled, it must be placed under

Is a polyethylene or geomembrane that completely covers the area

Lower of the probe, to avoid contamination by oil spills,

Fats or additives.

The platform where the works will be carried out, must have the

Dimensions to be used comfortably.

When leveling the probe, place the hydraulic jacks on

Approximately 4 "thick, in order to avoid

Cause them to sink and cause unevenness of the

drilling.