Ultimate Strength Design Steel Ratio

Based in Strain Diagram: Ultimate Moment Capacity: Steel ratio for balance condition:

s 0.003 Mu = Mn 0.85fc 1 600

= b =
dc c Mu = R n bd2 fy (600 + fy )
dc 10 Maximum & Minimum steel ratio:
s = 0.003 ( ) Mu = fc bd2 (1 )
17
c fy max = 0.75b Minimum Concrete Covers:
dc = As max = 0.75As b
fs = 600 ( ) fc 20 mm slab
c
Coefficient of resistance, Rn: 1.4 fc 40 mm beam
a = 1 c min = min = column
10 fy 4fy
a depth of compression block Rn = fc (1 )
c distance bet. NA &
17
(choose larger between the 2) 75 mm column footing
extreme compression fiber Mu wall footing
Rn = retaining wall
bd2
Provisions for 1: Singly or Doubly ?
0.65 1 0.85 Steel reinforcement ratio, :
Singly Reinforced Beam (SRB) Balance Condition for Doubly
* 1992 NSCP As
= < max (rectangular only)
1 = 0.85 0.008(fc 30) bd As
* 2001 NSCP As < As max (any section) b = b +
0.05 Combined & Rn: bd
1 = 0.85 (fc 30) Doubly Reinforced Beam (DRB) As
7
* 2010 NSCP 0.85fc 2R n = 0.75b +
0.05 = [1 1 ] > max (rectangular only) bd
1 = 0.85 (fc 28) fy 0.85fc
7 As > As max (any section) As = bd

Singly Reinforced Beam Singly Reinforced Beam Doubly Reinforced Beam Doubly Reinforced Beam
INVESTIGATION DESIGN Investigation INVESTIGATION
Computing MU with given As:
if SRB or DRB:
Computing As with given WD & WL: Computing MU with given As:
(1st) Compute for ab:
(1st) Compute for a: (1st) Compute ultimate moment, Mu: (1st) Compute for a:
d c
C=T WU = 1.4WD + 1.7WL fs = fy = 600 [ ] Cc + Cs = T
c
0.85fc ab = As fs WU L2 Thus, 0.85fc ab + As fs = As fs
(assume tension steel yields fs=fy)
MU = (for simply supported)
8 600d (assume tension steel yields fs=fs=fy)
0.85fc ab = As fy c =
600 + fy 0.85fc ab + As fy = As fy
(2nd) Solve for coeff. of resistance, Rn:
a obtained c obtained a obtained
MU
Rn =
(2nd) Check if assumption is correct: bd2 a = 1 c (2nd) Check if assumption is correct:
a = 1 c a obtained a = 1 c
(3rd) Solve for steel ratio, :
c obtained c obtained
(2nd) Solve for Asmax:
0.85fc 2R n
dc = [1 1 ] C=T dc
fs = 600 [ ] fy 0.85fc fs = 600 [ ]
c 0.85fc a b = As fy c
fs obtained Check: fs obtained
As obtained
min max
If fs > fy, tension steel yields; correct a. If fs > fy, tension steel yields; correct a.
If fs < fy, tension steel does not yield; If min < < max, use . As max = 0.75As If fs < fy, tension steel does not yield;
compute for new a. If min > , use min. compute for new a.
If > max, design doubly. (2nd) Solve for given As
(2nd-b) Recomputation: & compare: c d
fs = 600 [ ]
C=T (4th) Solve for area of steel c
If As < As max
reinforcement, As and required no. of
0.85fc ab = As fs bars, N: Solve the given beam fs obtained
dc using SRB Investigation
0.85fc 1 cb = As 600 [ ] As = bd If fs > fy, compression steel yields;
c procedure.
correct a.
c obtained As bd If fs < fy, compression steel does not
N= =
Ab 2 If As > As max yield; compute for new a.
d
a = 1 c 4 b Solve the given beam
a obtained using DRB Investigation (2nd-b) Recomputation:
procedure. C=T
(3rd) Solve for Moment Capacity: 0.85fc ab + As fs = As fs
a Doubly Reinforced Beam (4th) Solve for # of tension bars: NOTE: Use fs & fs as
Mu = (C or T) [d ]
2 DESIGN As As1 + As2 fs = 600 [
dc
]
a Computing As with given Mu: N= = c
Mu = (0.85fc ab) [d ] or Ab 2
d cd
2 fs = 600 [ ]
a (1st) Solve for nominal M1:
4 b c
Mu = (As fs ) [d ]
2 0.85fc 1 600 (5th) Solve for fs: c obtained
b =
fy (600 + fy ) c d
fs = 600 [ ] a = 1 c
max = 0.75b c a obtained
As1 = 0.75b bd If fs > fy, compression steel yields;
a As = As2. (3rd) Solve for Moment Capacity:
M1 = (As1 fy ) [d ] If fs < fy, compression steel does not a
2 Mu = Cc [d ] + Cc [d d]
yield; Use fs to solve for As. 2
(2nd) Solve for nominal M2: a
(6th) Solve for As: Mu = (0.85fc ab) [d ]
MU 2
M2 = M1 As fs = As2 fy
+ (As fs )[d d] or
(7th) Solve for # of compression bars:
(3rd) Solve for As2: a
As As Mu = T [d ]
M2 = (As2 fy )[d d] N= = 2
Ab d 2 a
As2 obtained 4 b Mu = (As fs ) [d ]
2