Y BAN NHN DN TNH C MAU THI HC SINH GII OLYMPIC

S GIO DC V O TO TRI H PHNG NAM LN TH IV

CHNH THC MN: Ha hc

Ngy thi: 21 thng 7 nm 2017

Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )

thi c 02 trang

Cho: Hng s Planck h = 6,626.10-34 J s; tc nh sng trong chn khng c = 3.108 m s-1; hng s
Faraday F = 96500 C mol-1.

Bi 1 (2,0 im). Th nghim git du Millikan c thc hin nm 1090 bi nh Vt l ngi

M Robert Millikan, nh ln u tin chng ta bit c in tch ca electron. Millikan quan
st tng git du ri gia 2 tm in cc kim loi t nh v y hp v c p t mt hiu
in th ln. Ban u, git du ri xung di tc dng ca trng lc. Sau , Millikan chiu mt
chum tia X (tia Rntgen) vo git du, quan st thy git du b ri nhanh hn. Da vo khong
thi gian chnh lch khi hai git du ri ht cng mt on ng, Millikan tnh ra in tch ca
cc git du. Xem xt kt qu o c vi nhiu git du, ng nhn thy in tch ca cc git du
lun l s nguyn ln mt in tch no , c cho l tng ng vi 1 electron, e = 1,6 1019 C.
1.1) V sao khi chiu tia X, git du ri nhanh hn? Gii thch.
1.2) Gi s in tch cc git du c ghi nhn l , 3/2, 5/2, 3 vi l mt hng s. Gi tr
in tch ca electron (theo ) l bao nhiu?

A. /2. B. . C. 3/2. D. 2.

Bi 2 (1,5 im). Nng lng ion ha th nht ca Li l 5,392 eV.

2.1) Tnh hng s chn ca 1 electron thuc phn lp 1s i vi electron phn lp 2s theo phng
php gn ng Slater.
2.2) Khi chiu tia sng n sc c bc sng vo Li+ trng thi c bn, trng hp no xy ra
s hp th photon? v nu c th sau khi hp th photon, c nhn x g v s lng t chnh n.
a) = 12,398 nm.
b) = 9,537 nm.

Bi 3 (1,0 im). Gii thch ti sao qu trnh oxy ha O2 lm gim khong cch lin kt O-O, trong
khi oxy ha N2 lm tng khong cch N-N. S dng cng thc Lewis c th gii thch c vn
ny khng?

Bi 4 (1,0 im). Cho cn bng:

(dd) (I)
4.1) Tnh hng s cn bng ca (I).
4.2) Trong iu kin no v nng cc cu t th Hg(I) s bn vi phn ng t oxi ha kh trn?

Cho bit: ;
Bi 5 (2,5 im).
Phn ng 2NO + H2 N2O + H2O gi thit c th xy ra hon ton (n cng).
5.1) Trong mt th nghim, ngi ta thay i p sut u ca NO v H2 v xc nh gim p sut
ca NO, (k hiu PNO) trong khong 30 giy u tin.
Po(atm) gim p sut ring phn ca NO
NO H2 Thi gian(giy) PNO (atm)
0,5 0,2 30 0,00245
0,5 0,1 30 0,0012
0,25 0,2 60 0,0012
Hy xc nh qui lut ng hc ca phn ng.
5.2) Trong mt th nghim khc ngi ta thu c nhng s liu sau:
TN (mmHg) (mmHg) Thi gian na phn Nhit (oC)
ng (giy)
1 600 10 19.2 820
2 600 20 820
3 10 600 835 820
4 20 600 820
5 600 10 10 840
a. Tnh nhng gi tr cn trng trong ct th 4.
b. Tnh hng s tc 820oC, vi n v (mmHg)-2giy-1 v nng lng hot ng ha.
c. Nu mt c ch ph hp vi qui lut ng hc thc nghim a ra trn.

Bi 6 (2,0 im). Phn ng C2H6 = C2H4 + H2 xy ra 900K c Go = 22,4 kJ v So =

135,4J/K (Ho v So coi nh khng thay i theo nhit ). Ngi ta thc hin mt th nghim
thi hn hp gm 20 mol C2H6 v 80 mol N2 (kh tr) qua xc tc 900K. p sut tng ca h
c gi 0,5 atm.
6.1) Hy xc nh Kp 900K?
6.2) Xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh lc cn bng 900K?
6.3) 300K, Kp ca phn ng thay i nh th no? Hy gii thch s thay i ?

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Y BAN NHN DN TNH C MAU P N THI HC SINH GII
S GIO DC V O TO OLYMPIC
TRI H PHNG NAM LN TH IV

MN: Ha hc
Ngy thi: 21 thng 7 nm 2017
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
p n c 02 trang

Bi p n im
Bi 1 1.1) Tia X lm ion ha git du, git du tr nn mang in do ngoi 1 im
(2,0 tc dng ca trng trng, n cn chu tc dng ca in trng nn b
im) ri nhanh hn.

1.2) p n A. 1 im

Bi 2 2.1) Gi hng s chn ca e-1s l a,

(1,5
im)

0,5 im
a = 0,870.
2.2)

a) Nng lng ca photon, 100 eV.

Nng lng ca e trng thi c bn trong Li+ l

Gi s electron hp th photon, nng lng sau ca n s l:

-122,4 + 100 = -22,4 eV, nng lng ny khng ng vi bt k gi tr no
tnh vi s lng t n nguyn dng, chng hn:

E1 E2 E3 E
-122,4 eV -30,6 eV -13,6 eV 0
0,5 im
Do vy vi = 12,398 nm th khng xy ra s hp th photon.
b) = 9,537 nm, tnh c nng lng photon l 130 eV. Gi s electron
hp th photon, nng lng sau ca n s l:
-122,4 + 130 = 7,6 eV. Nng lng ny ln hn 0 do electron b tch 0,5 im
hn ra khi nguyn t (v c cp thm ng nng 7,6 eV). Cc s
lng t n, l, ml, ms ch s dng cho electron trong nguyn t.
Bi 3 - O2 c cu hnh electron phn t , bc lin kt
(1,0 N=(8-4)/2=2; khi b oxi ha n mt bt electron t MO phn lin kt nn
im) lm tng bc lin kt do gim di lin kt.
- N2 c cu hnh electron phn t s 2 *s 2 4 xy z 2 , bc lin kt
N= (8-2)/2=3; khi b oxi ha, electron b mt i cc MO lin kt nn
 lm gim bc lin kt do lm tng di lin kt. 0,5 im
- Dng cng thc Lewis khng gii thch c vn ny do bc lin kt
l nh nhau gia cc phn t trung ha v ion dng ca n. 0,5 im
Bi 4 4.1) (dd) + 2e 2Hg Eo = 0,79 V (1)
(1,0 + 2e Hg Eo = 0,85 V (2)
im) Ly (1) (2) s ra phng trnh phi tm.
V Go = Go1 - Go2 = - 2F (0,79 0,85) = 0,12 F
0,5 im
Nn -RTlnK = 0,12F lgK = - K = 10-2
4.2) Hg(I) s bn vi s t oxi ha kh khi

G = G o + RT >0 0,5 im

= 0,12F + RT > 0 [Hg2+] > 10-2,03 [ ]

Bi 5 5.1) T quan st bng s liu tm c phn ng bc 1 vi PH2 v bc 2 0,5 im
(2,5
im) vi PNO. Vy qui lut ng hc ca phn ng
5.2) Thi gian na phn ng l mt na thi gian phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Nh vy, vi nhng phn ng c bc khc 1 v nng cc
cht ban u khc nhau, thi gian na phn ng c th coi l thi gian
m cht c nng thp hn hn so vi cc cht phn ng khc ch cn 0,5 im
nng ban u ca n.
a. Trng hp 1,2: PNO ln nn c th coi v =kapPH2 l bc 1. Thi
gian na phn ng khng ph thuc , nn th nghim 2, t1/2 = 19,2
giy.
Trng hp 3,4: ln nn phn ng s coi l bc 2; v = kap ; t1/2 0,5 im
= = 417 giy (bng TN 3 v TN 4, ln gp i )
b. Da vo TN 1: kap = 0,69/19,2 = 0,036 giy-1 = nn k =
0,036/(600)2 = 1.10-7 mmHg-2 giy-1

So snh th nghim 1 (hoc2) vi 5: , do :

0,5 im

E = 3,3.105J/mol 0,5 im
c. C ch ph hp: 2NO N2O2 (cn bng nhanh)
N2O2 + H2 N2O + H2O (chm)
Bi 6 0,5 im
(2,0 6.1) 900K: ; Kp = 0,05
im) 6.2) n (C2H4) = x; n(C2H6) = 20 x ; n (H2) = x; n(N2) = 80;
n (tng s mol) = 100 + x;

; T x= 10,3 mol; 0,5 im

n (C2H6) = 9,7 mol.
6.3) 900K , Ho = Go + TSo = 22,4 + 900 x 135,4/1000 = 144,26 kJ
V Ho v So t thay i theo nhit nn Go (300K) = 144,26kJ
300 x 135,4 /1000 = 103,64kJ;

Kp = 9.10-19
Cn bng chuyn dch v pha tri lm gim Kp. Ph hp vi nguyn l 1,0 im
chuyn dch cn bng Lechaterlie do y l phn ng thu nhit.

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