Immunology

The study of resistance of an organism to infection is called Immunology

Immunoglobulins (Ig)
Also called as Antibodies.
Ig made up of four polypeptide chains.
Two long chains or H-chains or Heavy chains and Two short chains or L-chains or Light chains.
Ig contains 51 Amino acids.
Four types of Ig or Antibodies or Immunoglobulins
IgE Allergic response.
IgA Mothers milk is very essential for new born infant which contains colostrum has
abundant antibodies IgA which provides protection from pathogens.
IgG It is most common antibodies 75% of total antibodies, Helps in stimulation of Phagocytes
and complement.
IgM Helps in activation of B-cells.
Embroyology
Study of formation and development of an Embryo is known as Embryology.
Embryo
Earlier stage of life either within the egg or in Female reproductive duct.
Fertilization takes place in Fallopian tube but Development of an Embryo in uterus or womb.
Hatching
Emergence of young one from the egg capsule.
Birth or Parturition
Release of young one into the external environment from the uterus or womb.
Child in uterus is called Foetus.
0 1 stage called new born baby or infant.
Zygote to young one called embryo.
Zygote
Fusion product of ovum and sperm.
When zygote is 32 celled stage it gets Implant into uterus.
Types of Ovum or Egg
Two types of Calcoreous egg on the basis of egg cell.
Cledoic egg The egg with egg capsule or shell are called cledoic egg. Eg Eggs of reptiles, birds
, egg laying mammals (Echidna and Platpus which is connecting link between reptiles and
mammals.)
Non-Cledoic egg The eggs without egg shell or capsule are called Non-cledoic egg. Eg eggs of
frog, rabbit, Human beings,
Three types of eggs on the basis of Amount of Yolk or Lecithein protein.
Alecithal or microlecithal The eggs with negligible amount of Yolk are called Alecithal eggs. Eg
eggs of rabbit and human beings.
Mesolecithal The eggs having moderate amount of Yolk are known as Mesolecithal eggs. Eg
Egss of frogs and other amphibians.
Megalecithal or macrolecithal The Eggs having large amout of Yolk are known as megalecithal
eggs. Eg Eggs of reptiles, birds, insects,bony fishes, egg laying mammals etc.
Ovulation
The release of ovum from matured follical of the ovary is called ovulation.
Menarche
It is the beginning of first menstrual cycle.
It usually starts at the age between 12 13 Years.
Menopause
When menstrual cycle stops permanently this is called Menopause.
It generally happens at the age between 45 to 50 years.