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Performance

Task in Mapeh
Music in
ClassicalPeriod

Submitted by:Rissa Mae C. Reforba

G9-Victoria
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the
traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious)
and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to
refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this
article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th
century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical
period and various other periods. The central norms of this
tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is
known as the common-practice period.

Franz Joseph Haydn (17321809)


Over the course of his 106
symphonies, Austrian composer Franz
Joseph Haydn became the principal
architect of the classical style of music.
Franz Joseph Haydn was among the
creators of the fundamental genres of
classical music, and his influence upon
later composers is immense. Haydns most celebrated pupil
was Ludwig van Beethoven, and his musical form casts a huge
shadow over the music of subsequent composers such as
Schubert, Mendelssohn and Brahms.
Liszt gained renown in Europe during the early nineteenth
century for his prodigious virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was a
friend, musical promoter and benefactor to many composers of
his time, including Frdric Chopin, Richard Wagner, Hector
Berlioz, Robert Schumann, Camille Saint-Sans, Edvard
Grieg, Ole Bull, Joachim Raff, Mikhail Glinka, and Alexander
Borodin. Liszt was a prolific composer. He is best known for his
piano music, but he also wrote for orchestra, and for other
ensembles, virtually always including keyboard. His piano works
are often marked by their difficulty. Some of his works are
programmatic based on extra-musical inspirations such as a
poetry or art. Liszt is credited with the creation of the
symphonic poem.

Ludwig van Beethoven


NOTABLE WORKS

Symphony No. 9 in D Minor


Eroica Symphony
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op.
67
Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op.
92
Symphony No. 6 in F Major
Moonlight Sonata
Archduke Trio
Emperor Concerto
Choral Fantasy in C Minor
Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61

(baptized December 17, 1770, Bonn, archbishopric of Cologne


[Germany]died March 26, 1827, Vienna, Austria), German
composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional
period between the Classical and Romantic eras.

Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and


part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his
musical talents at an early age and was taught by his
father Johann van Beethoven and by composer and
conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe. At the age of 21 he moved
to Vienna, where he began studying composition with Joseph
Haydn and gained a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in
Vienna until his death. By his late 20s his hearing began to
deteriorate, and by the last decade of his life he was almost
completely deaf. In 1811 he gave up conducting and
performing in public but continued to compose; many of his
most admired works come from these last 15 years of his life.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

27 January 1756 5 December 1791),


baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus
Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart,[2]was a
prolific and influential composer of
the Classical era.
Born in Salzburg, he showed prodigious ability from his earliest
childhood. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he
composed from the age of five and performed before European
royalty. At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the
Salzburg court, but grew restless and traveled in search of a
better position. While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed
from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital,
where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his
final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-
known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of
theRequiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his
death.The circumstances of his early death have been much
mythologized. He was survived by his wife Constanze and two
sons.
He composed more than 600 works, many acknowledged as
pinnacles ofsymphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic,
and choral music. He is among the most enduringly popular
of classical composers, and his influence is profound on
subsequent Western art music. Ludwig van
Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of
Mozart, and Joseph Haydn wrote: "posterity will not see such a
talent again in 100 years".
Instrumental and Vocal Forms
Sonata-literally means a piece played as
opposed to a cantata (Latin and
Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piecesung. The
term evolved through the history of music,
designating a variety of forms until
the Classical era, when it took on
increasing importance, and is vague. By
the early 19th century, it came to represent a principle of
composing large-scale works. It was applied to most
instrumental genres and regardedalongside the fugueas
one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting
and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of
sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and
21st-century sonatas still maintain the same structure.
Symphony-is an extended musical
composition in Western classical music,
most often written
by composers for orchestra. Although
the term has had many meanings from
its origins in the ancient Greek era, by
the late 18th century the word had taken
on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of
multiple distinct sections ormovements, often four, with the
first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are scored
for string (violin, viola, cello and double bass),brass, woodwind,
and percussion instruments which altogether number about
30100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score,
which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians
play from parts which contain just the notated music for their
instrument.

Concerto-is a musical composition,


whose characteristics have changed
over time. In the 17th century,
"sacred works for voices and
orchestra were typically called
concertos. J. S. Bach "...was thus
reflecting a long-standing tradition
when he used the title 'concerto' for
many of the works that we know ascantatas. However, in
recent centuries and up to the present, a concerto is a piece
usually composed in three parts or movements, in which
(usually) one solo instrument (for instance,
a piano, violin, celloor flute) is accompanied by
an orchestra or concert band.
Opera- is an art form in which singers and musicians perform
adramatic work combining text
(libretto) and musical score,
usually in a theatrical setting. In
traditional opera, singers do two
types of singing: recitative, a
speech-inflected style. and arias, a
more melodic style, in which notes
are sung in a sustained fashion. Opera incorporates many of the
elements of spoken theatre, such asacting, scenery,
and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance
is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by
an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early
19th century has been led by a conductor.Opera is a key part of
the Western classical music tradition.

Opera Seria- is an Italian musical term which refers to


the noble and "serious" style
of Italian opera that
predominated in Europe from
the 1710s to c. 1770. The term
itself was rarely used at the
time and only attained common
usage once opera seria was becoming unfashionable and
beginning to be viewed as a historical genre. The popular
rival to opera seria wasopera buffa, the 'comic' opera that
took its cue from the improvisatorycommedia dell'arte.
Italian opera seria (invariably to Italian libretti) was produced
not only inItaly but also
in Spain, Habsburg Austria, England, Saxony, German states,
and other countries. Opera seria was less popular in France,
where the national genre of French opera was preferred.
Popular composers of opera seria included Alessandro
Scarlatti, Johann Adolf Hasse, Leonardo Vinci, Nicola
Porpora, George Frideric Handel, and in the second half of the
18th century Tommaso Traetta, Josef Mysliveek, Gluck,
and Mozart.
Opera Comique-is a genre of French opera that
contains spoken dialogue
and arias. It emerged from the
popular opra comiques en
vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres
of St Germain and St
Laurent(and to a lesser extent
the Comdie-Italienne), which
combined existing popular tunes with spoken
sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the
same name, opra comique is not always comic or
light in nature; Carmen, perhaps the most
famous opra comique, is a tragedy.
Opera Buffa-is a genre of opera.
It was first used as an informal
description of Italian comic
operas variously classified by
their authors as commedia in
musica, commedia per
musica, dramma
bernesco, dramma comico, divertimento giocoso.Especially
associated with developments in Naples in the first half of
the 18th century, whence its popularity spread to Rome
and northern Italy, buffa was at first characterized by
everyday settings, local dialects, and simple vocal writing
(the basso buffo is the associated voice type), the main
requirement being clear diction and facility with patter.
Singspiel- is a form of German-
language music drama, now regarded
as a genre of opera. It is characterized
by spoken dialogue, which is alternated
with ensembles, songs,ballads,
and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel
plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and
frequently include elements of magic, fantastical
creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of
good and evil.

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