SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS

FEEDER NAME 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #

CT RATIO 2000 2000A/1A
PT RATIO 3636.36 230KV/110V
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Type of Conductor OH
Protected # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Protected # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of Protected # Quadruple ACSR Moose in KM 26.811 KM
Distance of Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 0 KM
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 26.811 KM
Other End Substation Name 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU SS
Shortest # Name 400KV OTTIYAMBAKKAM DC LINE #
R X Z
Shortest # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Shortest # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Distance of Shortest # Quadruple ACSR Moose in KM 26.811 KM
Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 0 KM
Shortest # Total Distance in KM 26.811 KM
Longest # Name 400KV PHUGALORE DC LINE# (362 KM)
Longest # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Longest # Quadruple ACSR Moose Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Distance of Longest # Quadruple ACSR Moose in KM 181 KM Note : Since DC L
Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 0 KM
Longest # Total Distance in KM 181 KM
ZONE 1 (80 % impedance of the protected feeder)
Z1 Py 0.315 5.427 5.436
Z1 Sy 0.173 2.985 2.990
Z0 Py 5.319 21.449 22.099
Z0 Sy 2.926 11.797 12.154

ZONE 2 (100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest feeder) (19.62% OF Auto
Z 2 Py 0.591 10.175 10.192
Z 2 Sy 0.325 5.596 5.606
Zo Py 9.974 40.217 41.435
Z0 Sy 5.486 22.119 22.789

ZONE 3 ( 100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 36% impedance of the adjacent longest feeder) (95.38% of Auto T
Z 3 Py 1.352 23.269 23.308
Z 3 Sy 0.744 12.798 12.819
Z0 Py 22.809 91.971 94.757
Z0 Sy 12.545 50.584 52.116
ZONE 4 ( 25 % of Zone 1 impedance)
Z 4 Py 0.032 0.543 0.544
Z4 SY 0.017 0.298 0.299
Z0 Py 0.532 2.145 2.210
z0 Sy 0.293 1.180 1.215

IMPEDANCE OF THE ENTIRE LINE TO BE PROTECTED

Z1Py 0.394 6.783 6.795
Z1Sy 0.217 3.731 3.737
Z0Py 6.649128 26.811 27.623
Z0Sy 3.6570204 14.74605 15.193
EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR
Zone 1 z0/z1= 4.065

Zone 2 z0/z1= 4.065

Zone 3 z0/z1= 4.065

Zone 4 z0/z1= 4.065

EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR

zo-z1 2.752 8.812 9.232
3z1 0.520240644 8.953802 8.969
Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.029
zo-z1 5.160 16.523 17.310
3z1 0.9754512075 16.78838 16.817
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.029
zo-z1 11.801 37.786 39.586
3z1 2.230756605 38.39329 38.458
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.029
zo-z1 0.275 0.881 0.923
3z1 0.0520240644 0.89538 0.897
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.029
 Kms

THETA

Since DC Line half the distance taken

86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072

.62% OF Auto Trafo)

86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072

38% of Auto Trafo)

86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072
86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072

86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072

-10.603

-10.603

-10.603

-10.603

72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
The resistive reach is calculated with 85 % of rated voltage and 50 % of over loading
condition and the power factor may be greater than 30 deg.

The mimimum load impedance is calculated using the following expression.

Primary full load current = 1950 Amps (Since CT Ratio is 2000/1A)
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR = 0.5500
Total Length of Feeder = 26.811 Kms
Z load = V min
3 * I max

Z load Py = 0.85*400 KV
3*1.5*D5 A
= 67.111
Zload Sy = 36.911

So the max resistive reach (Right Blinder) for phase fault distance
Rph max = Zload min-0.4*Zloadmin
= 22.147
Maximum Resistive reach (Right Blinder) for Ground fault distance
RG max = Zload min-0.2*Zloadmin
= 29.529

Rph min Rarc

Assume If . I,e minexpected phase to phase fault current
Rarc = 28710*L L= 7.8 Metre
If^1.4 If= 1000 Amps
= 14.130 Assume Rarc=0.6
Rphmin Sy >= RarcPy*CTratio/PTratio
= 9.31

For earth faults,the resistive reaches are calculated as follows

RG Min (Rarc+Rtf)*1.2
Let Rtf = 10 Primary
Rarc = 28710*L L= 3.05 Metre
If^1.4 If= 1000 Amps
= 5.53 Assume Rarc=0.6
RG Min Sy>= 10.247
ZONE RESISTIVE REACH ( RIGHT BLINDERS) ARE CALCULATED AS BELOW
ZONE RESISTANCE PRIMARY
Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
0.31529736 0.59118255 1.3519737 0.0315297

FOR PHASE DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
Rph (Z1) >= Rph min = 9.31 R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 2.1534
Rph (Z2) 80% of Rph Z3= 17.72 R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 2.3052
Rph (Z3) 60% of Zlmin = 22.15 R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 2.7236
Rph (Z4) = 22.15 R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 1.9973

FOR GROUND DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
RG (Z1) >= RGmin = 10.25 RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 8.9734
RG (Z2) 80 % of RG Z3 = 23.62 RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 11.8752
RG (Z3) 80% of Zlmin = 29.53 RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 15.0436
RG (Z4) = 29.53 RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 8.8173

POWER SWING CALCULATIONS PSB

Delta R= 10-30% of R3ph 0.82 I max Line > Phase Current threshold
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 1.2 * Max Power Swing current
Delta X= 10-30% of R3ph 0.82 Max. Power Swing current = 2 * In = 2*1A=2A
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 2.4 Amps

Biased Residual Current Threshold

In> 0.1 * In + [ ( In> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
In > 38.50% 0.7125

Biased Negative Sequence Current Threshold

I2> 0.1 * In + [ ( I2> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
I2 > 24.25% 0.7125
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 26.811
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.1734 2.9846 2.9896 86.6747
Z 2 Sy 0.3252 5.5961 5.6056 86.6747
Z 3 Sy 0.7436 12.7978 12.8193 86.6747
Z4 SY 0.0173 0.2985 0.2990 86.6747
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2168 3.7308 3.7370 86.6747

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 2 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 3 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 4 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262

Zload Sy = 36.91

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 2.1534
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 2.3052
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 2.7236
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 1.9973

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 8.9734 18.35
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 11.8752 24.28
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 15.0436 30.76
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 8.8173 18.03

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.82 0.82
 *** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy

K value in
Polar
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

R/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 26.811
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.1734 2.9846 2.9896 86.6747
Z 2 Sy 0.3252 5.5961 5.6056 86.6747
Z 3 Sy 0.7436 12.7978 12.8193 86.6747
Z4 SY 0.0173 0.2985 0.2990 86.6747
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2168 3.7308 3.7370 86.6747

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 1.0293 -14.0191
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 2 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 3 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262
Zone 4 z0/z1= 4.0654 -10.6030 3.996033320.49266262

Zload Sy = 36.91

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 9.3060
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 17.7173
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 22.1466
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 22.1466

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 10.2465 20.95
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 23.6230 48.30
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 29.5288 60.37
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 29.5288 60.37

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.82 0.82
 *** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy

K value in
Polar
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

R/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Sub Station OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
Feeder 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #
System Voltage 230 KV
Fault MVA 3Ph 10714 MVA
Fault MVA 1Ph 7539 MVA
CT RATIO 1200 1A
PT RATIO 230000 110 V
Line Imp IN Primary 6.794623 Ohms
Line Current Carring Capacity 855 A LINE 855 0.7125
CT/PT RATIO 0.573913 CABLE 855 0.7125
PH-PH E/F
KV^2/MVA
Source Imp
4.937465 Ohms 7.016846 Ohms
Total Imp 11.73209 Ohms 13.81147 Ohms
KV^2/Total Imp
Fault MVA at end of the line
4509.001 MVA 3830.15 MVA
Fault Current 11318.91 A 9614.796 A
Relay Plug setting 100% 1200 A 40% 480
9.432426 20.03083
Setting Multiplier
9.432426 20
Time Required 1 sec 200msec + ZONE 3 TIME
TLS 0.327897 0.33 0.441042 0.44

Over current Earth Fault

Current times time (sec) Actual py ct (A) Current times time (sec)
2 3.3096 2400 2 4.4128
4 1.6433 4800 4 2.1911
5 1.4123 6000 5 1.8831
8 1.0879 9600 8 1.4506
10 0.9803 12000 10 1.3071
9.432 1.0064 11318.911 20 0.9976

Over Current settings Earth Fault settings

PLUG SETTING 100% PLUG SETTING 40%
TLS 0.33 TLS 0.44
 Note Setting multiplier should be less than or equal to 20

rth Fault
Actual py ct (A)
960
1920
2400
3840
4800
9600
| | Power Swing Detector in GE D60
Zone reach Resistive reach
Fwd Reach = Zone 3 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 3 Reach 14.10 0.82
Quad Fwd Out = 1.2 times of Fwd Reach 16.92 0.98
Inner Rgt Bld = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 3.00 3.00
Outer Rgt Bld = 1.2 times of Inner Rgt Bld 3.60 3.60
Inner Lft Bld = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 1.10
Outer Lft Bld = 1.2 times of Inner lft Bld 1.32 1.32
Rev Reach = Zone 4 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 4 Reach 0.33 0.02
Quad Rev Out = 1.2 times of Rev Reach 0.39 0.02

Note
1. Z3 Left Bld assumed as 1
2. All Mid assumed as 0.1

| | Power Swing Detector in ZLV (CGL RELAYS)

| | |--PS Detec Enable YES
| | |--PS Trip Enable NO
| | |--Right Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Rgt Int Resit limit 3.60
| | |--Right Med Resist Limit = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 3.00
| | |--Right Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Left Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Left Int Resist limit 1.32
| | |--Left Med Resist Limit = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 Z3 left Bld assumed as 1.0
| | |--Left Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Resist Limit Angle 86.67 Z3 Line Angle
| | |--Forward Ext Reach = 1.2 * Forward Int Reach 16.92
| | |--Forward Med Reach = Z3 Reach + 0.1 of Z3 Reach 14.10
| | |--Forward Int Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Ext Reach = 1.2 * Reverse Int reach 0.60
| | |--Reverse Med Reach = Z4 Reach + 0.1 of Z4 Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Int Reach 0.50
| | |--I1 Supervision 0.20 Default
| | |--PS Detec Time (Seconds) 0.04
| | |--PS Block Reset Time (Seconds) 2.00
| | |--PS Trip Type Slow
| | |--Fast Trip Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
| | |--PS Cond Reset Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
Resistive reach

ld assumed as 1.0
 FAULT LEVEL IN MVA

Phase Phase
Name of the Substations
Fault level Fault level
1.Ottiyambakkam 400/230/110 KV SS
400 KV 16406 7404
230 KV 10714 7539
110 KV 4771 3536