Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11(RHT01) humidity

and temperature sensor

PIC18F4550 + DHT11 (RHT01) Proteus simulation
This topic shows how to interface DHT11 (RHT01) digital relative humidity and
temperature sensor with PIC18F4550 microcontroller, and how to simulate this
interfacing using Proteus.
Note that for the simulation Proteus version should be 8.1 or higher. With
these versions there is no need to install Proteus DHT11 library, it is included
with the software, so don't waste your time searching for dht11 Proteus
library or dhtxx.mdf or dht11 module for Proteus, just use Proteus
version 8.1 or higher.
About DHT11 (RHT01) relative humidity and temperature sensor:
The DHT11 sensor comes in a single row 4-pin package and operates from 3.3 to
5.5V power supply. It can measure temperature from 0-50 C with an accuracy
of 2C and relative humidity ranging from 20-90% with an accuracy of 5%.
The sensor provides fully calibrated digital outputs for the two measurements. It
has got its own proprietary 1-wire protocol, and therefore, the communication
between the sensor and a microcontroller is not possible through a direct
interface with any of its peripherals. The protocol must be implemented in the
firmware of the MCU with precise timing required by the sensor.

The following timing diagrams describe the data transfer protocol between a
MCU and the DHT11 sensor. The MCU initiates data transmission by issuing a
Start signal. The MCU pin must be configured as output for this purpose. The
MCU first pulls the data line low for at least 18 ms and then pulls it high for next
20-40 us before it releases it. Next, the sensor responds to the MCU
Start signal by pulling the line low for 80 us followed by a logic high signal
that also lasts for 80 us. Remember that the MCU pin must be configured to
input after finishing the Start signal. Once detecting the response signal from
the sensor, the MCU should be ready to receive data from the sensor. The sensor
then sends 40 bits (5 bytes) of data continuously in the data line. Note that
while transmitting bytes, the sensor sends the most significant bit first.
Data consists of decimal and integral parts. A complete data transmission is
40bit, and the sensor sends higher data bit first.
Data format: 8bit integral RH data + 8bit decimal RH data + 8bit integral T
data + 8bit decimal T data + 8bit check sum. If the data transmission is right,
the check-sum should be the last 8bit of "8bit integral RH data + 8bit decimal
RH data + 8bit integral T data + 8bit decimal T data".
The DHT11 is a digital sensor so it sends 1's and 0's, but it is very important to
know how it sends the digital data. The figure below shows how the sensor
sends its information:

Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11(RHT01) sensor circuit:

The following circuit schematic shows complete project circuit.
The circuit is simple, there is the microcontroller PIC18F4550, DHT11 sensor
and 1602 LCD to display humidity and temperature results.
PIC18F4550 uses its internal oscillator @ 8MHz and mclr pin function is
disabled.
Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11(RHT01) sensor CCS C code:
The interfacing code is written with CCS PIC C compiler PCWHD version 5.051.
If you want to understand the code please read the DHT11 datasheet.
Variables Time_out and k are used to test reading time to avoid wrong data
reception or microcontroller hanging.
// Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11 sensor
// http://ccspicc.blogspot.com/
// electronnote@gmail.com

//LCD module connections

#define LCD_RS_PIN PIN_D0
#define LCD_RW_PIN PIN_D1
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN PIN_D2
#define LCD_DATA4 PIN_D3
#define LCD_DATA5 PIN_D4
#define LCD_DATA6 PIN_D5
#define LCD_DATA7 PIN_D6
//End LCD module connections

#include <18F4550.h>
#fuses NOMCLR INTRC_IO
#use delay(clock = 8000000)
#include <lcd.c>
#use fast_io(B)
// Connection pin between PIC18F4550 and DHT11(RHT01) sensor
#BIT Data_Pin = 0xF81.0 // Pin mapped to PORTB.0
#BIT Data_Pin_Direction = 0xF93.0 // Pin direction mapped
to TRISB.0

char message1[] = "Temp = 00.0 C";

char message2[] = "RH = 00.0 %";
short Time_out;
unsigned int8 T_byte1, T_byte2, RH_byte1, RH_byte2, CheckSum ;
void start_signal(){
Data_Pin_Direction = 0; // Configure connection pin as
output
Data_Pin = 0; // Connection pin output low
delay_ms(25);
 Data_Pin = 1; // Connection pin output high
delay_us(30);
Data_Pin_Direction = 1; // Configure connection pin as
input
}
short check_response(){
delay_us(40);
if(!Data_Pin){ // Read and test if connection pi
n is low
delay_us(80);
if(Data_Pin){ // Read and test if connection pi
n is high
delay_us(50);
return 1;}
}
}
unsigned int8 Read_Data(){
unsigned int8 i, k, _data = 0; // k is used to count 1 bit readi
ng duration
if(Time_out)
break;
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++){
k = 0;
while(!Data_Pin){ // Wait until pin goes
high
k++;
if (k > 100) {Time_out = 1; break;}
delay_us(1);}
delay_us(30);
if(!Data_Pin)
bit_clear(_data, (7 - i)); // Clear bit (7 - i)
else{
bit_set(_data, (7 - i)); // Set bit (7 - i)
while(Data_Pin){ // Wait until pin goes
low
k++;
if (k > 100) {Time_out = 1; break;}
delay_us(1);}
}
}
return _data;
}
void main(){
setup_oscillator(OSC_8MHZ); // Set internal oscillato
r to 8MHz
setup_adc_ports(NO_ANALOGS); // Configure AN pins as
digital
lcd_init(); // Initialize LCD module
lcd_putc('\f'); // LCD clear
while(TRUE){
delay_ms(1000);
Time_out = 0;
Start_signal();
if(check_response()){ // If there is response f
rom sensor
RH_byte1 = Read_Data(); // read RH byte1
RH_byte2 = Read_Data(); // read RH byte2
T_byte1 = Read_Data(); // read T byte1
T_byte2 = Read_Data(); // read T byte2
Checksum = Read_Data(); // read checksum
 if(Time_out){ // If reading takes long
time
lcd_putc('\f'); // LCD clear
lcd_gotoxy(5, 1); // Go to column 5 row 1
lcd_putc("Time out!");
}
else{
if(CheckSum == ((RH_Byte1 + RH_Byte2 + T_Byte1 + T_Byte2) & 0xF
F)){
message1[7] = T_Byte1/10 + 48;
message1[8] = T_Byte1%10 + 48;
message1[10] = T_Byte2/10 + 48;
message2[7] = RH_Byte1/10 + 48;
message2[8] = RH_Byte1%10 + 48;
message2[10] = RH_Byte2/10 + 48;
message1[11] = 223; // Degree symbol
lcd_putc('\f'); // LCD clear
lcd_gotoxy(1, 1); // Go to column 1 row 1
printf(lcd_putc, message1); // Display message1
lcd_gotoxy(1, 2); // Go to column 1 row 2
printf(lcd_putc, message2); // Display message2
}
else {
lcd_putc('\f'); // LCD clear
lcd_gotoxy(1, 1); // Go to column 1 row 1
lcd_putc("Checksum Error!");
}
}
}
else {
lcd_putc('\f'); // LCD clear
lcd_gotoxy(3, 1); // Go to column 3 row 1
lcd_putc("No response");
lcd_gotoxy(1, 2); // Go to column 1 row 2
lcd_putc("from the sensor");
}
}
}