Colegio San Viator

9-43

English

Report

Daniel Gama

Miguel Plata

Daniel Rodrguez
WHAT IS COLOUR BLINDNESS?

This alteration owes its name to the English scientist John Dalton, who
was the first described case of color blindness. Color blindness is a visual
disability which prevents distinguish certain colors. This is due to the
failure or malfunction of one or more than one type of cone.

There are multiple variants of this disorder; in fact, you could say that no
colorblind looks exactly the same as another. Making a rating roughly
three types of color blindness can be distinguished:

Dichromatism: The most common form is the dichromatism, affecting enforcement

capture cones Red or green. In the absence of one of the cell types, the other will be
responsible for collecting the stimuli that would correspond to the first; Thus, in many cases two
incoming stimuli will be perceived as the same color. People who have this type of color blindness
have difficulty to establish the difference between red and green.

Abnormal Trichromatic: Other forms of color blindness that has similar effects,
although more mild than the two previous cases. In this case, the
individual presents the three types of cones, but there is a deficiency that
prevents a completely normal operation.

Color blindness: Finally, the most serious case of color blindness is called
achromatopsia, a result of which the individual suffering from it only appreciates
differences in grayscale.

In the most extreme case, that would be called "total Daltons", people only see in
black and white. All colors are perceived as variants of grey; however, these cases
are really minority.

The most usual color blindness is the one in which occurs a failure to perceive and
distinguish the colors red and green, since they look like gray and brown tones. It is
what is called protanopia and deuteranopia. It is a disease of genetic or hereditary
origin that is due to an alteration of cells of the retina called cones that are
responsible for that we can perceive colors. It occurs almost exclusively in male
gender since it is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Men have only one X
chromosome, but the women have two, so it would have to receive the two
damaged chromosomes to be colorblind, which is more difficult. It is estimated that
about 8% of males suffer from color blindness at some level.
Causes of color blindness
This disorder has an genetic origin; It is a disorder of sex-linked inheritance,
i.e. the affected gene is located on one of the sex chromosomes (human
beings have 46 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs are autosomal and
a couple is sexually).

In this case it's a recessive X-linked; This means that all the men who inherit
an X chromosome with the defective gene will suffer the disorder and that
women, on the other hand, will suffer only when both chromosomes have
the gene (which is quite unlikely, since it would require the two) parents
ported this gene). This explains why cases of blindness in women are rare,
while about one in every ten men presents some of the forms of color
blindness

Normal color vision:

The perception of color is due to cells in the retina of the eye: the cones. There are
three types of cones, responsible for perceiving each one of the three primary
colors of light (blue, green and red). In a normal person (not colorblind), the
combination of these three colors allows you to discern a very wide range of
intermediate shades.

Color blindness:

The problem comes when one of these three types of cones are missing or
operates defectively. This happens much more frequently than we might think
(indeed, 8% of the male population present blindness to red or green). In such a
case, the disorder known as color blindness or color blindness will be
presented. There are several types of color blindness, according to the type of
cone affected.

Enchroma:

The proposal for EnChroma is so simple that it may seem obvious, but until
recently little not have technology capable of implementing it at affordable
prices. EnChroma lenses filter out frequencies of color between red and green
(which there is between the blue and green). In this way, only users can view or
frequencies 'very green' or 'very red' frequencies while the rojiverdes confused
them. Everyone who has tried them in general confirms that they work.

Some say that you have "changed them life" and others say something interesting
but that not they would use it normally. Everyone agrees that could live without
them: come on, that is not a 'cure' for color blindness. Not surprisingly: after a
lifetime of without seeing colors, people develop techniques to navigate in
everyday life: is not color but brightness and order what signals when a traffic light
turns green.

Ultimately, these lenses do not cease to be a visual tool that does not solve the
problem. Fortunately we live an era in which gene therapy is a reality. Interventions
are already being tested to cure color blindness by genetically modifying the red
and green cones. This is a definitive solution which is much less than we think. But
meanwhile the EnChroma proposal is worthy of attention if only to remind us that
life is according to the Crystal that is regarded.
BIBLIOGRAFIA:

http://www.webconsultas.com/daltonismo/daltonismo-2632

http://www.padresyhogar.com/daltonismo/

http://www.pulevasalud.com/ps/contenido.jsp%3FID%3D61167%26TIPO_CONTE
NIDO%3DArticulo%26ID_CATEGORIA%3D1091

https://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/medicina/algvilla/fundamentos/nervioso/Daltonis
mo/daltonismo.htm

https://www.zeiss.co/vision-care/es_co/better-vision/entender-la-vision/ojo-y-
vision/what-is-colour-blindness-and-what-can-people-affected-by-it-do.html

https://www.xataka.com/medicina-y-salud/quien-me-ha-robado-los-colores-estas-
gafas-quieren-curar-el-daltonismo