PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR PFD

IZMI NURSAFITRI
21030115120016

1. RAW MATERIAL A PRETREATMENT

Raw material A from supplier is imported in liquid phase. The material is in room
temperature (260C) and atmospheric condition (1 atm). The material is stored in liquid
tank (tank 1) equipped with liquid level control.
Liquid raw material A then flowed through a valve with flowrate control system
to the vaporizer using a pump. Vaporizer is used to convert the raw material phase from
liquid to gas. After the vaporization process, the temperature of raw material a rises to
1200C but the pressure is low. Therefore we need to raise the pressure using a
compressor, after compressed the pressure rises to 8.2 atm. Then raw material A flows to
the mixing valve to be mixed with hydrogen gas.

2. HYDROGEN GAS PRETREATMENT

Hydrogen gas at 20 atm and room temperature is bought by piping system from
neighbor plant. The first step we take is to lower the hydrogen gas pressure using the
expander equipped by pressure control system. The hydrogen gas pressure drops from 20
atm to 8.5 atm. Then the hydrogen gas is flowed to the heater to raise the temperature.
After that hydrogen gas will go to mixing valve to mix with raw material A.
The mixture between the raw material A and the hydrogen gas is prepared by a
certain mole fraction to obtain an excess of 50% A. Furnace equipment used to increase
the temperature of A gas and hydrogen become 200 oC.

3. CATALYTIC REACTION
After the temperature increased, then both of gas feeded into fixed bed multi tube
catalytic reactor to produce B and Methane gas. Since the reaction between reactant A
and hydrogen gas in the reactor is highly exothermic and occur at high temperature, so
 we need a suitable cooling system to maintain temperature in the reactor. The cooling
system used is Dowtherm A where this cooler flows in the reactor shell. Dowterm A is
cooling fluid that have high boiling point temperature, and used as cooling system caused
by exothermic reaction. This liquid are pumped into shell side inside the multitube
reactor, while the feed gasses go inside the tube side. The heat transfer process occur
between the tube wall and shell side. After cooling the reaction, high temperature of
Dowterm A go to cooler to decreased the temperature, and recycled back to the reactor.
Products coming out from the reactor are B product, Methane, Hydrogen, and A.

4. PARTIAL CONDENSATION
After the reaction take place, product of B, methane gas and unreacted A exit
from the reactor to the condenser (C-01) through a valve equipped with pressure control.
In the condenser there is partial condensation where the product of B and unreacted A are
condensed and the non-condensable methane gas is flowed to the flaring system to burn.

5. DISTILLATION PROCESS
The product of B and unreacted A flowed to the distillation column using

centrifugal pump. The unreacted A and small product of B as bottom product at 120oC
and 2 atm.
The bottom product flowed into the partial reboiler (RE) by valve control. In the
reboiler, part of unreacted A and B product will be boil and transferred back into the
distillation column. The unreacted A liquid phase is recycled using centrifugal pump to
the mixing valve to mix with fresh feed.
The distillate (top product B with small unreacted A) exiting distillation column

at 80oC and 1.5 atm in the gas phase. The B product flowed into heat exchanger too
cooled down the temperature and stored in reflux drum before reenters the distillation
column while some other distillate flow into storage tanks.