Essay About Business Ethics in Perspective Entrepreneurship

Arranged by:

Fikri Yafi Isad

Jhohan Aditya Pratama
Kresna Aresterryanto
Latiffatul Muhimmah
Muchammad Subchan Alfani
Muhammad Ainul Hakim
Muhammad Fatih Maftuh
Rachmadhany Haffis
Raihan Rusdi
Santoso
Wildan Arifandi

POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIV STUDY PROGRAM
JUNE 2016
 PART I
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background
Business ethics is thinking or reflection of morality in economics and business.
Morality means the aspect of good or bad, commendable or reprehensible, and thus it is
allowed or not, of human behavior. Morality is always related to what humans do, and
economic activity is an important field of human behavior. During the company have a
quality product and be useful to society besides that is managed by the proper management in
the production, financial, human resources and others but do not have ethics, then sooner or
later these shortcomings akanmenjadi stumbling block for the company. Business to uphold
the code of conduct is an absolute necessary element in modern society. But if a
fenomenasosial that is so essential, the business can not be separated from the rules of the
game are always to be accepted socially, as well as moral rules

1.2 Problem Formulation

In this paper the problems raised several topics that will be discussed. These problems
include:
1. What is meant by business ethics?
2. How is the development of business ethics today?
3. What is the profile of today's business ethics?
4. What is the history and culture of business ethics?

1.3 Purpose
The purpose of this paper is
1. Know and understand the meaning of the ethics of the profession.
2. Knowing development and business ethics profile
3. Knowing what factors had been influential in the history and culture of business ethics

1.4 Collection Methods

In preparing this paper, the authors conducted a data collection by a finding sources
related to the content of paper through the e-book and electronic media.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
(Business and Ethics in the Modern World)

1. Three Principal Aspects Of Business

Medern business is highly complex realistic. Many factors that influence and
determine the business activity, scientific - technological and political - social - kultiral.
komplekisitas komplekisitas related to modern society. As a social event, a business with
many ways intertwined with moder society komplekisitas it. All the factors shaping modern
business komplekisitas who have often studied and dianilisis through a variety of scientific
approaches, especially economics and management theory.

This book would like to highlight an aspect of business that until now mentioned in the
description - description of the other, but increasingly recognized the importance of that
aspect of ethical or moral. In order to explain the specificity of the ethical aspects of this, in a
first approach we used contrasting aspects - other aspects, particularly the economic and legal
aspects. For business as a social activity can highlight at - least of three different point of
view but it is not always possible separated this: Economic Viewpoint, Viewpoint Law,
Ethics viewpoint.

Changes in world trade demanded immediate dibenahinya business ethics that the world
economic order has improved. What steps should be taken? In business it is not uncommon
apply the concept of ends justify the means. Even smelling criminal action was taken for the
achievement of a goal. If it is so, the businessman who became a motor pengerak economy
will turn into economic animal. The occurrence of misconduct in the business world seems
not show tendencies but instead, the day is increasing. Actions mark up, broken promises,
disregarding the interests of society, not considering natural resources as well as acts of
collusion and bribery are a few examples of devotion to the entrepreneurs of business ethics.
Simply put business ethics can be interpreted as a rule is not binding because it was not legal.
But it should be borne in everyday business practice business ethics can be a limitation for
business activity is run. Business ethics is particularly important given the business world can
not be separated from other elements. The existence of the business is basically to meet the
needs of the community. Businesses do not only have a relationship with the people and legal
entities as suppliers, buyers, distributors, users and others. As part of the community, of the
business subject to the norms that exist in society. Tata business relationships and community
are inseparable it brings with it certain ethics in its business activities, good ethics among
businessmen as well as business ethics towards society in a direct or indirect relationship. By
mapping the pattern of relationships in business as it can be seen that the principles of
business ethics embodied in a pattern of relationships which are interactive. This relationship
is not only in one country, but includes a variety of integrated country in the world that feels,
trade relations have now been changed. Change the feel of the development of the world
demand the immediate dibenahinya business ethics. Because the legal conditions surrounding
the business world too far behind in economic growth and development. Interwoven business
relationship with other parties related complex. As a result, when the business world moving
rapidly, there are parties which are backward and disadvantaged, because the appliance laws
and rules of the business world has not received the attention it balanced. One example which
then becomes a problem for the government and the business world is still a violation of the
workers' wages. This case led to some national products affected by restrictions in
international markets. Other examples are the products of the forest strong protests because of
Indonesian businessmen neglecting the continuity of valuable natural resources.

1.1 Economic Viewpoint

Business is the economic activity that occurs in this activity are exchanging, selling -
buying, producing - memasarka, work - hiring and other human interactions with the intent to
make a profit.

1.2 Moral Perspective

While recognizing the central role from an economic standpoint in the business, the
need for added their viewpoint again that should not be overlooked, namely Moral viewpoint.

1.3 Legal Viewpoint

Undoubtedly, the business is also bound by the law. "Commercial Code" or "Business
Law" is an important branch of science Modern Law. And in many legal raktek mesalah
Timbu business relations, at national and international level.
1.4 Yardstick for these three angles
Economically, business is good if you make a profit. It will look at the year-end
report, to be prepared according to the method of financial control and accounting are already
in force.
For any viewpoint-law, the criterion is quite clear is good business, where permitted by law.
Smuggling example is the way of commerce trade is not good, because it is prohibited by
law.
More difficult to determine whether or not the business from a moral standpoint. What is the
benchmark for determining the merits of an act or behavior? at - least can be called three
kinds of benchmarks, namely: Conscience, the golden rule and the general public votes, let us
look at three procedures to ensure the ethical quality of an act in more detail.
a. Conscience
An act is good, if it is done with conscience, and other actions are bad, if it is done contrary
to the voice of conscience.

b. the golden rule

More objective way to judge good and bad moral behavior is by Jaidah gold bebubnyi:
"Let treat others sebgaimana you want to be treated". My behavior could be considered
morally good when I treat a particular person as myself want dperlakukan.

c. common assessment
The third way and perhaps the most powerful tool for determining the merits of an action
or behavior is handed kepadda general masyarakaat to be assessed. This method can be called
the "Social Audit".
2. What is Business Ethics?

The word "ethics" and "ethical" is not always used in the same sense as it was too
"business ethics" can be different meens. A systematic description of business ethics should
begin to investigate and clarify how sseperti word "ethics" and "ethical" use. How we choose
to analyze the meaning - the meaning of "ethics" is to distinguish between "ethics as praxis"
and "ethics as rafleksi".

Ethics as praxis means: values - values and norms - norms morally as far as practicable, or
just not practiced. Although it should be practiced. Can also be interpreted ethics as praxis is
what is done so far or are not in accordance with values - values and morals - morals. We
must note the word "ethics" or "ethical" in the sample - this is, people who complain that
business ethics thinning, mean that business people often deviate from the norm right, so he
appointed ethics as praxis. And people who think about the problem of corruption found with
menbuat law - anti-corruption laws and apply laws - laws that are strictly and consistently,
and moral values in business can be enforced. Ethics as a practice tantamount to moral or
morality.
Ethics as a reflection is moral thinking. In a reflection of ethics in our thinking about what to
do, especially on what to do and especially be true about what to do or not to do. Ethics as a
reflection of talking about ethics as praxis or ricochet ethical praxis sabagai object. Ethics as
a reflection highlight and assess the good and the bad behavior of people. Ethics in this sense
can be run on both popular and scientific level.
Actually, the distinction between praxis and reflection is not marking understand "ethics"
course. Another field-was sometimes can we brbicara about praxis in addition to reflection
(science). Ethics as a science has a long tradition, the tradition is the same length as selurung
history of philosophy, as ethics in this sense is a branch of philosophy. Because it is also
often ethics as well as philosophy of science is often called moral or philosophical ethics.
It does not mean that philosophical ethics would like to have a monopoly preformance topic -
moral topics. Another science could also raised the question - maalah ethical, even if only in
passing, for example science - social science. But only in philosophical ethics, a topic - moral
topics thoroughly discussed with special systematic method in accordance with the moral
sphere.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies human behavior burukya good. Therefore ethics
in this sense is often referred to as "practical philosophy". Branch - the branch of philosophy
which appears to others talk massalah farther from concrete life. Since the late 1960s the
theory of ethics began to open itself to the topic - the topic is concrete and real as oobyek
research. This new development is often called "applied ethics" (Applied Ethich). Mula - The
first topic concerns the concrete science - biomedical science, because it is scientific progress
raises new ethical issue. Not long keudian applied ethics expand its attention to the topic -
other actual topics, such as the environment, nuclear weapons, nuclear power pemnggunakan
Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), and others - others. Business ethics should also take a look as a
field of specialization of applied ethics.
As applied ethics in general, ethics bisnispun can be run at three levels; macro level, moeso
and micro. This relates to the three levels that are three possibilities to start economic
activities and the three possibilities that might be to carry out economic and business activity.
At the macro level, an aspect of business ethics - moral aspect of the economic system as a
whole.
At the intermediate level of meso 9madya or 0, business ethics investigate ethical problems in
the field of organization. Organization here mainly for the company - the company, but can
also serrikat labor, consumer organizations, professional associations, and others - others.
At the micro level, the focus is the individual in relation to the economy or business. Here
studied ethical responsibilities of the parties keryawan and employers, subordinates and
managers, producers and consumers, suppliers and investors.
Finally may be added a note of the name of "business ethics" in Indonesian study of ethical
issues in economics and business can already indicated by the name, in line with common
practice in the area of English (Business Ethics). But in other languages there are many
variations. in Dutch generally worn Bedrijfshethiek name (corporate ethics) and in the
German language Unternehmensethik (business ethics). Quite close to it in English
sometimes - sometimes used Corporate Ethics (corporate ethics).
Part of a different name - the difference is related to a preference for perspetif macro, meso or
micro different in different countries. However, basically all these names refer to the study of
aspects - moral aspects of economic and business activities, as pursued in this book.

3. Development of Business Ethics

Throughout the issue, trade or business of the spotlight never forget ethics. Attention
business ethics for the rest of the business itself. Since humans engage in commerce, realizing
also that this activity can not be separated from ethical issues.
Commercial activities have always been dealing with ethics, meaning always have to
consider what is allowed and what not to do. However, if we listen to business ethics as
understood and practiced today. Can not be denied as well, here we are facing a new
phenomenon. Never in the history, business ethics got so big attention and incentives like this
now.
Ethics has always been associated with the business, since there is no business, since then
also linked to business ethics, as ethics have always been linked to the area - other areas of
human life, such as politics, family, sexuality various professions and so on. So ethics in
business or business-related ethics talk about business as one of the topics in addition to
many other topics. Ethics in business is not a specialized field that has its own style and
identity. It was only timbulny a "business ethics" in the real sense. Etikan in business has a
long history already once, while still young age of business ethics at all. We can only talk
about business ethics in its specific meaning after becoming a field (Field) itself, means an
intellectual and academic fields in the context of teaching and research in universities.
Business ethics in this special sense utuk was first raised in the United States in the 1970s and
rather quickly expanded to other regions of the world. With mamanfaatkan and broaden
thinking De George we can distinguish five periods in the development of ethics in business
into the business ethics.

3.1 Situation ago

Centuries - centuries we talk on the scientific level of economic and business issues
as one of the topics in addition to many other topics. At the beginning of philosophy, Plato,
Aristotle, and philosophers - the other Greek philosophers to investigate how best to organize
the betterment of humanity together in the state and in that context they also discuss how
economic life and commercial activities should be in atur.dalam medieval philosophy and
theology of this discussion continues, in Christian and Islamic circles. Topics - moral topics
about economics and commerce does not escape also of concern philosophy (and theology) in
modern times.
At that time, many universities are given religious college where masiswa study the problem
- moral issues around economics and business. The discussion is certainly different, as far as
this subject is given in the Catholic or Protestant. Thus in the United States during the first
half of the 20th century in business ethics is mainly practiced in the context of religion and
theology. And pendekatanini still continues to this day, the United States and elsewhere.
3.2 The period of transition; 1960
In the 1960s new developments are seen as a direct preparation for the emergence of
business ethics in the next decade. 1960s in the United States (and the West in general) is
characterized by rebellion against power and authority, revolutionary students (ranging in the
French capital in May 1968). The atmosphere is not quiet was reinforced because of
frustration that is felt in particular by young people with the United States involvement in the
Vietnam war. This dissatisfaction resulted in the demonstration - the biggest demonstration
felt in the United States. In particular, young people reject collusion in their eyes occurred
between the military and industry. Industrial assessed primarily serve military purposes.
Unison also for the first time raised awareness of ecological issues and especially the industry
is considered as a cause of environmental problems with air pollution, water, and soil, and
toxic waste and nuclear waste.

The world of education respond to this situation in a different way - different. One of the
most important reaction is to give special attention to social issues in a lecture about the
management. NSome mencamtumkan business schools start with new courses in the
curriculum that usually dibesi name of Business and Society. This lecture was given by
Doden - Lecturer management and they compiled the book - handbooks and other
publications to support the course. This approach is held in terms of management, with in
part also involves law and sociology, but the theory of philosophical ethics here untapped.

3.3 Business ethics in the United States in the 1970s

Business ethics as an intellectual and academic fields with its own identity started off
began to form in the United States in the 1970s. If previously only discuss ethical aspects -
moral aspects of the business in addition to many other moral subject (ethics in relation to
business), is now beginning to develop in the true sense of ethics. If previously only
theologians and clerics at the stage of scientific (theological) to discuss the problem - the
problem of the moral of the business, in 1970 the philosopher mamasuki area of research in a
short time become the most dominant group. Part of the effort was successful, then some
philosophers dared to plunge into business ethics as a branch of applied ethics more.

The second factor that triggered the onset of business ethics as a field of study that is
a serious moral crisis experienced by the American business world in the early 1970s. Moral
crisis in the business world was reinforced by the more general moral crisis that swept across
American society at that time. Dlatarbelakangi the general moral crisis, the American
business world affected by specific moral kerisis. in part as a reaction to the events - events
are not ethical in the early 1970s in the American education based on the need for ethical
reflection in the field of business. One special effort is to make business ethics as a subject in
the curriculum of this turned out to have a wide impact. Thus choosing business ethics as a
subject in the curriculum of business schools greatly contributed towards its development
kapada scientific field that has its own identity.

3.4 Business ethics extends to Europe in the 1980s

In Western Europe business ethics as a new science began to develop about - about
ten years later, first - first in English that are geographically and culturally closest to the
United States, but not much later also the state - other Western European countries. The more
the faculty of economics or business school in Europe to include subjects of business ethics
in its curriculum, as it was my eyes or the selection shall be in use. Ten years kemudinan
already tedapat twelve first professor of business ethics at the university - the University of
Europe. In 1987 established European Business Ethich Network (EBEN), which aims to be a
meeting forum between academics from universities and seklah businesses, entrepreneurs and
representatives of national and international organizations -vice 9seperti eg trade unions).
EBEN first conference took place in Brussels (1987). The second conference in Barcelona
(1989) and subsequent conferences each year: milano (1990), London (1991), Paris (1992),
Sanvika, noewegia (1993), St. Gallen Switzerland (1994), Breukelen, The Netherlands
(1995), Frankfurt (1996). Part of the conference material - the conference has
diterbitkandalam book form.

3.5 Business ethics is a global phenomenon in the 1990s

In the decade of the 1990s has become clear, business ethics is not limited anymore
to the western world. Now dipeajari business ethics, taught and developed throughout the
world, our business ethics mendungar about the presence of Latin America, Eastern Europe,
especially since there runthnya communism as a political and economic system. Not
surprisingly, given special attention to business ethics in a country that has the most powerful
economy outside the western world. Proof of last resort for the nature of business ethics is
gllobal had founded the international society for business management and ethics economis
(ISBEE).

4. Profile Business Ethics TODAY

Now business ethics have serious imiah status. He is increasingly accepted among
science - science that is already established and has traits - traits that usually marks a science.
Of course there are many more to do. Business ethics must struggle continues to prove itself
as a discipline that can be respected. Here we tried to describe some of the signs that show
setatus is quite convincing, while we try to portray the scientific profile of business ethics as
it looks now.

Practically in every area of business ethics is given as a course in college.

Numerous publications published business ethics. In 1987. De George mentions their most
sidikit 20 handbooks on business ethics and 10 book cases the United States.
There has been quite a lot of specialized scientific journals about business ethics. the
emergence of the journal is an important symptom that indicates the achievement of scientific
maturity for the concerned field.
In the German language already provided a dictionary of business ethics. Then followed
another dictionary of business ethics in the English language.
It was also found quite a lot of research institutes who work exclusively with issues of
business ethics.
Already established several associations or set with the specific purpose to promote
business ethics, especially by collecting lecturer - professor of business ethics and other
enthusiasts in regular meetings.
In the United States and Western Europe provided some level study program S-2 and S-3,
specifically in idang business ethics.

5. Factors History and Culture in Business Ethics

People who engage in business activities, according to the judgment now turn to a
respectable job, especially if he managed to become a successful businessman. Today people
will feel proud, if it can show that distort identity card as a director or manager in a reputable
company.

If we study the history and especially the history of the western world, this positive attitude
does not always mark the views of the business. Traders do not have a good reputation in
western societies of the past. People such as merchants clear - clear dicurigakan ethical
quality. The negative attitude towards the business continued into the new modern and should
disappear around the time of industrialization. Here is certainly not impossible to learn the
entire historical development of the attitude towards the business. Only a few elements alone
will be discussed. But would it be enough to show that the ethical views on trade and
business berkiatan closely with historical and cultural factors.

5.1 the custom in ancient Greece

Ancient Greek society in general prejudice against commercial activity and wealth.
Free citizens should devote attention and time to the arts and sciences (philosophy), in
addition of course contribute to the maintenance - the maintenance of the country. Other
evidence often adduced for the trade a bad name from the ancient Greek society is the fact
that hermes greek god revered as the patron deity for both the merchant and the bai for
thieves. Merchants and thieves, especially among those who many beergian from one place to
another, and therefore use the road. However, for the modern man can still arise
astonishment, because traders and thieves without objection can be called in one breath.

5.2 The Christian Religion

In the Christian scriptures there are quite a lot of text that is critical of the wealth of
money, in the old and new covenant. In the Bible itself of Trade was not rejected as unethical,
however, because trade is one of the usual road to riches. But these theologians have another
interpretation to see that scene.

5.3 Islam
If we look at history, the religion of Islam seem more positive view terhadp trade and
economic activities. In the modern period was not found critical and suspicious attitude
toward business. The Prophet Muhammad himself was a merchant and the teachings of Islam
first - early disseminated primarily through Muslim traders. In Al - Quran there is a warning
against the misuse of wealth, but it is not prohibited from seeking wealth by lawful means. If
it did, it would be a conflict arises also with the teachings of zakat which requires people to
divide wealth and excess revenue. Historically penelitiaan ethics reform needs to be done
whether it was in fact under the influence of the teachings of Islam.
A word should be added about the problem of usury in Islamic view, a problem that is clearly
related to economic ethics. First - all peru we emphasize that this problem is not limited to
Islam alone / by said taking usury prohibited in the entire world. If we look at the historical
perspective, the problem of usury is very interesting as an example of mungkinkannya rudikal
changes in moral reasoning and in particular the changes that are driven by economic reality.
In Islamic circles today not everyone can accept the distinction between usury interest of this
money. So that views on this moral issue to be different.

In discussions - discussions that modern ethical problem of usury resurfaced in the context of
sovereign debt - the poor countries - rich countries. One of the arguments to defend the
country - poor countries who can not pay back the loans is that they are forced to borrow
money from the state - rich countries, in order to survive. Here you can not say that they
freely choose to request the loan. They had no other option, if you do not want to drown in
the edge of destruction. They do not borrow money according to the "market value". They
entwined utag based on riba (in the sense of unethical).

5.4 Javanese culture

Viewed in terms of the cultural spectrum, not all tribes of Indonesia showed their
interest and talent the same be said perdaangan. Minang people, for instance, is famous for its
trade and diligence in an effort could be successful note. In Javanese culture look interesting
differences. If Clifford Geertz in the 1950's to investigate the social structure of the city of
East Java that diebutnya modjokuto (pseudonym for pare), he there found four groups: singer,
native merchants (wong trade), the little people who work as farm laborers or artisans (
underprivileged), Chinese people (Chinese man) that almost all work in the field of trade.

The differences are described earlier times - sometimes echoed in the experience of
modern Javanese people. A well-known businessman, the origin of Java, for instance,
admitted to foreign journalists. "Father always insisted to me that the business is an activity
for the lower classes. He wanted me to be working in the government. " In Javanese culture
transitional dicurigakan wealth turns. This view is certainly not conducive to promoting
entrepreneurship. Spotan wealth is not valued as a result of hard work or as an achievement
in the attempt.

5.5 The attitude of today's modern

 Just a cursory menijau history and culture of data is enough to make us aware of the
different attitudes of business terhdap, past and present. If current business activities rated as
a respectable job and getting much proud of bringing success so far, in the past was not
always so. If the search for profit becomes the main motive of business pursuit of self-
interest. Nevertheless, there is still no way tengh between egoism and alturisme. It is not true
that the pursuit of self-interest is always the same as selfishness. It could also be the pursuit
of self-interest, while taking the interests of others. People involved in business activities, is
seeking self-interest (he did not mean doing charity work), but not to the detriment
kepentingn others. On the contrary, precisely menguntungkn economic relations for both
sides at once. Among aemua human relations, this is typical ang maybe a most striking in
economic relations. But simultaneously also here looked the need for ethics, in the sense of
values - values and norms - moral norms that must be held in business activities. Moral
concerns in business is now looking at other stages more than the traditional context. We live
in an age of conglomerates and corporations multinassional. We live in times kaitalisme,
even since the collapse of communism, capitalism without antagonist.

This everything's beraku at national and international level. even in the current era of
economic globalization, the problem becomes more complicated. If the power of the
economy could be rampant freely, the economy can not be avoided - the weak economy has
prosecuted. The power is always held by a strong and naturally the strong oppress the weak.
Here is not the place to the detriment of all of this in more detail. For a while we can confine
ourselves to the principle: the bigger interests - interests that the business struggled, the more
urgent is also keikutsetaan ethics.

6 The criticism of business ethics

Business ethics as an academic intellectual effort and new, must still banya suffered
from many "childhood diseases". Here will dibhas some examples. Baragkali this explanation
could help get a more complete picture of the style and purpose of business ethics as it is
understood today.

6.1 Business ethics discriminate

The first criticism is more attractive because of its source rather than because of it.
Criticism is actually not necessary to answer, pengaangnya arena was not a serious effort to
learn the literature on business ethics, as sepetutnya done every person who wants to criticize
a science. The authors of business ethics at all does not mean that business should be
measured by the principle - the principle other than field - ordinary field. If we listen to the
book - a handbook on business ethics then there actually begins with the decomposition of
the theory - the theory of general ethics. There do not see the rules - moral rules only apply to
business seroang. Business ethics is the application of the principle - that a general moral
principle on a specialized field. Business ethics become a science with its own identity and
not because of their norms - moral norms common human activity ata a region that requested
special attention, because the condition was and the problem - the problem has its own style.

6.2 Business ethics was contradictory

Another criticism does not come from one person, but is found in popular circles large
enough. The business world is like a jungle where there is no place for ethics. If you want to
be called field totally alien to ethics, there are no clear examples rather than just a business.
Ethics and business are like water and oil, which does not permeate the one into the other.
Actually this book as a whole seeks to show that this criticism is an assumption that is not
true, and in the last chapter we return to this issue, if pursued answers to the question why
businesses should be ethical.

6.3 Business ethics is not practical

No criticism of business ethics which caused so many relationships. The objection
that the business ethics (as science) less prakstis more often heard and stark is not the first to
address it. Because it helps us respond to this objection as follows. As the science of business
ethics are always moving at the level of reflection and consequently there was a theoretical
level as well. Walauun business ethics to talk about it - it is very practical, the conversation
took place at the level of teoristis. We must mean - seriously so we are close to business
practices, but the distance between theory and practice can never be eliminated.
6.4 Etikawan could not take over responsibility
Another criticism leveled to applied ethics in general, as well as business ethics.
Besides biomedical ethics, journalistic ethics, the ethics of the legal profession, another dam -
others. We're here to talk about it in the context of business ethics course. Every human being
is a moral agent responsible for his actions sediri. Next business ethics can provide valuable
information before businessman mengambik moral decision that is considered difficult.
Etikawan quite mastered the literature in the field. He knew about the case - similar cases and
a good way out ever attempted. And most importantly business ethics can help to arrange
proper moral argument. Each keputusah must have a reason, rtinya must be based on the
argument - the argument yng test stand. Etikawan specifically trained in it because it can
provide valuable assistance.
 CHAPTER III
COVER

1. Conclusions
a)\ Business is an important activity in the community, in addition to risking goods and
money for the purpose of obtaining profit, business ethics also require that at least provide
guidelines and rules for the parties to do so. Business ethics play an important role in giving
confidence to the group or individual interested in that activity by running a system to
prevent things that are not diingkan both sides. Basically, the business world will be able to
develop the moral ethics that will ensure that business activities can proceed smoothly.

b) From the perspective of civil law, policy R & D is seen as a natural thing. This means that
IBRA is deemed entitled to make an agreement with the obligor. Given the initial agreement
is an agreement of the parties that entered the agreement valid then apply as law for those
who make it.