by: HONG KAY HOONG

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Choking
Bandaging
Fracture
Lifting Casualty
Recovery Position
Oral + Written Paper

by: HONG KAY HOONG

 Guideline
Danger

Respond

Compression

Airway

Breathing

Defibrillation
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 Danger Self
Bystander
Casualty

Respond Alert
Voice
Pain
Unconciousness
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 Compression
Compressions and breaths should be provided in a
ratio of 30 : 2
Initiate chest compressions before ventilations.
Compression rate of at least 100/min
A Compression depth of at least 2 inches (5cm) in
adults
Allowing for complete chest recoil after each
compression
Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions

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 Airway
Head-tilt-Chin-lift
Jaw Thrust (Trauma Cases)
Breathing
mouth-to-mouth
barrier
High Flow Mask
30 : 2
Good Sealed
Blow released (nose) blow released (nose)
Chest raise
Rescue breaths be given in approximately 1 second.

Defibrillation
Automatic External Defibrillator
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 Oral Question
1) When you stop the CPR ?
2) After how many cycle we check for vital
sign?
3) How depth the compression?
4) How the rate of compression ?
5) When do you start CPR ?

by: HONG KAY HOONG

 Respond
- Sir are you choking?
- Can you speak, breath and cough
- Suspect Choking
Remember
- Feet apart
-Shoulder same line with casualty
- inwards and upwards
- 5 times
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 How do we give Abdominal Thrusts:
Stand behind casualty

Put both arms around casualty

Put one fist between navel and the bottom of
her breastbone

Grasph your fist with your other hand

Pull sharply inwards and upwards up to five time

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 Oral Question

1) What you should do if patient unconciouss

suddenly?
2) What are the sign and symptoms of
choking?

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 How To Place Casualty In Recovery Position

Remove spectacles and any bulky object

Make sure both legs straight

Place the arm nearest to you at right angles
(elbow bent and plan facing upward)

Bring the arm that is farthest from you across the casualtys chest, and hold
the back of his hand against the cheek nearest to you. With your other hand
grasp the far leg just above knee and pull it up (foot flat on ground)

Keeping the casualtys hand pressed against cheek, pull on the far leg and roll the casualty
towards you

Adjust the upper leg so that both the hip and the knee are bent at the right angles

Open Airway (Head-tilt-Chin-Lift)
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 Principles of Lifting
Safe grip
Straight back
Knees bent
Arm close to the body
Feet Apart
Lift object close to body
Seeking for help

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 Methods of Lifting
Cradle method
Pick-a-back
Drag method
Human Crutch (1person and 2person)
Four-Handed seat (3-handed and 2-handed)
Fore and Aft Method
Firemans Lift
Fore method
Stretcher

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 Lifting Casualty

1. The Cradle
Light-weight casualties
or children

2. The Pick-a-back
Casualty is able to hang on
Will not lose consciousness
3. Backward drag
Casualty is too heavy to be lifted

4. The Human Crutch

Casualty can walk with
assistance
 5. 4-Handed Seat

Casualty needs to be carried rather than dragged

Casualtys weight beyond the capability of 1 person
 6. 2-Handed Seat

Casualty need to be carried rather than dragged

Casualtys weight beyond the capability of 1 rescuer
7. 3-Handed Seat

Useful when rescuer needs a free hand

Can support casualtys injured leg
8-Double Human Crutch
Casualty can walk with assistance

9-The Fore & Aft

Casualty is unable to walk
 Emergency Methods of Casualty
Evacuation from Surface Area
One-Man Operations
1. Firemans Lift
Light casualty, no back/spinal injuries

2. Fore Method
Casualty of similar weight or heavier than rescuer
by: HONG KAY HOONG
by: HONG KAY HOONG
 How to tie a Reef Knot Triangular Bandage

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 Whole bandage

Broad bandage

Narrow bandage

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 Arm Sling
Knot at injured side

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 Elevation Sling
Knot at uninjured side

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 Foot bandage

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 Palm hand bandage
Vertical wound

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 Fist hand bandage
Horizontal wound

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 Head bandage

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 Ring bandage
Opened fracture

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 Types of Fracture

Green stick is a fracture only

happen to infant / young children
which the bone bends and partially
breaks (Soft bone)

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 How to manage a fractures

Close fracture IMMOBILISE

Open fracture IMMOBILISE + RING

BANDAGE

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 Cases which apply Elevation Sling( knot at
uninjured side)

Dislocated joint (upper body)

Collar bone injury
Shoulder injury
Hand and finger injuries
Rid injury

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 Cases which apply Arm Sling (knot at injured side)

Upper arm injury

Elbow injury* (if can bent)
Forearm and wrist injuries

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 Upper leg injury (knot at uninjured side)

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 Lower leg injury (knot at uninjured side)

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 Pelvis fracture (knot at centre)

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 Facial,cheekbone,nose and lower jaw injuries

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 Elbow injury (cant bent)

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 Knee injury

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 What to study ??????

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 Primary Survery Head-To-Toe Secondary
Examination Survery

Danger Head Sign and

Respond Facial Symptoms
Airway Neck Allergy
Breathing Chest Medication
Circulation Collar bones Pass illness
Shoulder Last meal
Limb Event
Pelvis
Legs

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 Priority of cases

Spinal Injury > Unconscious > Bleeding

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 Heart Structure

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 The Skeleton
Ligament
Tendon

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 Spinal Cord 7

12

4
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 Classification of Wound

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 3 ways to stop bleeding

Direct Pressure

Indirect Pressure

Elevation
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 Sign and symptoms of SHOCK
Rapid & Shallow breathing
Weak pulse
Grey-blue skin
Faint
Vomit
Anxious
Thirst
Nausea
Sweating

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 Causes of unconsciousness (FISH SHAPED)
Fainting
Infantile Convulsions ()
Shock
Head Injuries
Stroke
Heart Attack
Asphyxia
Poisoning
Epilepsy
Diabetic (hyperglycaemia/hypoglycaemia)

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by: HONG KAY HOONG
 Depth of Burns

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by: HONG KAY HOONG