‘Thermofluids Lab~ MECS54/LS >_> UNIVERSIT| TEKNOLOGI MARA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL PROGRAM BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (HONS) COURSE THERMO-FLUIDS LABORATORY 2 CODE MEC 554 EXPERIMENT #4 Title: Boundary Layer with pressure gradient (wind tunnel) (Rev. 00-2011‘TITLE OBJECTIVE EQUIPMENT METHOD THEORY ge a DRAG FORCE IN FLOW OVER A BODY To measure the drag coefficient Cp, over a range of velocities in The test section for hemispherical (open end facing flow and open End facing down stream) ‘Wind tunnel and accessories Measure the diameter of the hemisphete. Fit the hemisphere body to the balance arm, open end facing flow first and then open end facing down stream. Balance the arm. Switch on the blower fan and to flow velocity of 5 m/s. Balance the arm again and note the reading Increase the velocity for a few steps, balance the arm and not the Reading. Drag coefficient RESULT/ DISCUSSION Present your result in tabular form Analyze them and conclude them Compare your result against published data, Be attentive to the Range of the Reynolds during your experiment in comparison to The published data,KJMS41-LAB2 Flow Pass a Circular Cylinder Objective ‘The objective of this experiment is to study the pressure profile and flow characteristics for flow around a circular cylinder. Theoretical Background ‘The structure and development of viscous flow over a cylinder is described in Figure 9.17a below. The development of the boundary layer and changes in velocity profile from the stagnation point at A until flow separation at point E are described in Figure 9.17b. These changes are closely linked to the change of pressure gradient trom A to F. Negative pressure gradient tends to maintain laminar boundary layer, while positive pressure gradient will accelerate it to turbulent and (subsequently) reverse flow resulting in flow separation. fig has ete energy deiet w 10 Lacations indicate in Pg 217aena918 5ST Te % Fe gofite $2 = Oaty=0 4 o FIGURE 9.17 Boundary layer characteristics on a circular cylinder: (a) Boundary ration location, | () typical boundary layer velocity profiles at various Jocations om the eer ae preamre dutribatons fr lavidd Gow aod boundary layer Sow.Figure 9.17¢ compares the pressure distributions (it is customary to plot the coefficient of pressure) around the cylinder between low Re number and high Re flows and of that predicted by inviscid flow theory. Please refer to pages 454-457 (Frank M White, Fluid Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill, 1999) and page 446-447 for detail discussion on this subject. Experimental Procedure A 2-inch diameter circular cylinder of is placed at across 300 mm x 300 mm test section of a wind tunnel as schematically shown below. In order to measure pressure around the cylinder, 20 pressure tapping holes are drilled at equidistance over half of the circumference of the cylinder. These holes are connected using flexible tubes to the multi- tube manometer for pressure measurements, . You are required to perform the experiment at tunnel velocity of 10 m/s and 20 m/s. Take pressure measurement corresponding to each pressure tapping location by reading the multi-tube manometer. Calculate the pressure coefficients and tabulates these data as shown below. {Tocation | Angie, 0 | Manometer | p—h, (degree) | height (mm) | | (om) Plot the coefficient of pressure against location on the circumference of the cylinder (measured by 0) and discuss your findings. Based on the pressure profile estimate the pressure drag of the cylinder and then calculate the drag coefficient. Discuss these results.FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER TEST SHEET. TEST 1,V=_ ms Manometer height (tube 20), (mm) Location | Angle, 0°) | # Gum) | h—A, Gam) Frame Fawn OhessetFLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER TEST SHEET A TEST2,V=____mi/s. Manometer height (tube 20), f= ——_ (mm) Location | Angie, 6°) | A (mm) hhy (mm) P-P,(mm) Cp cos wo] 2} a} a} us} a] wo) 00) =| Ss T t ] S} aS] a) BE) 3) 5} | s FramedF azar OhestetDRAG FORCE IN FLOW OVER A BODY TEST SHEET Lf ‘No. | Velocity | Rey. No. | Rigid Rod | Body base surface facing upst | Body base surface facing downstream |NetDrag | (as) Drag Force, | Body diameter: __m _ Coefficient, Co Fo(N) Drag ‘Net Drag | Drag Force, Fp | Force, Fy | Coefficient, 7 N) > “1 [PED oF 9 [74 “Dd Frame awit Ohestseet