UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI
P ETRONAS

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEPTEMBER 2012 SEMESTER

COURSE : QAB1013 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

DATE : 27th DECEMBER 2012 (THURSDAY)
TIME : 9.00 AM - 12.00 NOON (3 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer ALL questions from the Questions Booklet.

2. Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer booklet given.
3. lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.
4. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and indicate
ALL assumptions.
5. Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note : There are SIX (6) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover page.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONS

 QAB 1013

1. a The relationship between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks is

described in the rock cycle. Explain the processes, which lead to the
changing of granite to gneiss.

[7 marks]

b FIGURE Q1 is a subsurface section through the earth showing a variety of

geologic features. using the stratigraphic and relative dating principles:

i. Construct the sequence of events in chronological order from the

oldest to the youngest.

[7 marks]

ii. Justify the type and characteristic of unconformities found at i,2

and 3 (indicated in octagons) in FIGURE Ql.

[6 marks]

FIQURE Q1

2
 QAB 1013

2. Compare and contrast, with the aid of sketches if appropriate:

a. Conglomerate and breccia,

b. Angular unconformity and nonconformity.

[4 marks]

c. Denudational and structural control landforms.

[4 marks]

d. Rockfall and rockslide.

[4 marks]

e. Underground and open-pit mining.

[4 marks]
 QAB1013

3. a. Describe, with the aid of sketches the following:

Ductile deformation.

[3 marks]

ii. Graded bedding.

b. Explain, with the aid of diagram, the usefulness relationship of rock

types and structural geology for petroleum prediction.

[6 marks]

c. Describe the formation of karstic geomorphology as seen in the Kinta

Valley area.

[B marks]

4
 QABI 01 3

4. a. With the aid of sketches, compare and contrast the following:

i. Alluvial fan and submarine fan.

ii. Symmetrical and asymmetrical ripple.

[4 marks]

b. i. Draw a schematic diagram showing THREE (3) of the major

sed imentary environments.

[3 marks]

ii. ln the diagram in part b (), label TWO(2) depositional

environments represented in each of the major sedimentary
environments.

[6 marks]

iii. For each depositional environment in part b (), illustrate their

associated sed imentary structures.
 QABl 01 3

5. a. Explain, with the aid of diagram the following:

i. SLOW mass movement.

ii. FAST mass movement.

b. surface morphology determines the drainage pattern.sketch oNE (1)

type of drainage pattern due to:

i. Structural control.

ii. Steep slopes.

c. Explain THREE (3) problems caused by the withdrawal of excessive

extraction of groundwater.

[6 marks]

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