10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

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Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report

Engineer Talha Atta

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10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

Aim
Aim of this experiment is to study effect of force magnitude on bending moment of
beam

Recommended: Deflection of Beam Lab Report

Theory
Beams
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10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

A structural element which is designed and used to bear high load of structure and
other external load is called beam. There are many different types of beam like
cantilever beam, simple supported beam and overhanging beam.

Bending of Beam
When an external load or the structural load applied in beam is large enough to
displace the beam from its present place, then that deflection of beam from its resent
axis is called bending of beam.

Bending Moment
In simple words bending moment is the product of force applied on beam with the
distance between the point of application of force and fixed end of the beam

Introduction to Experiment
This experiment is about studying the effect of force magnitude on bending of beam
and for that structure hardware called STR2 bending moment in a beam is used.
According to the figure of STR2 bending moment in beam structure, beam is supported
at two points using pivots. A mechanism is provided which can apply and calculate the
force throughout the beam. Free body diagram of the apparatus is shown below.

Figure 1 bending moment apparatus

Figure 2 free body diagram

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10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

In this experiment load of different magnitude will applied on beam at the same place
and bending moment will be calculated using the following formula.

Bending moment = Wa ((l-a))/l

Here
W is a the applied load on beam
a is the distance between the pivot point and point of force application.
l is the total length of the beam

Procedure
The apparatus involve in this experiment use an electronic system intrigued with
software to apply load and calculate the bending moment. Due to which it is very
important to follow the steps involve in this experiment in following presented order

Set up the computer software using the guide provided with the apparatus and set it to
virtual experiment mode
In property section box, select the option of variable hanger load

From the tool box area take a load of 100 g and replace it with 0 gram at the cut
section

Diagram of the force applied and the graph of the resultant force will appear of screen
which conform the load replacement.

Software will automatically gather all the data of experiment and save it in memory.

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Repeat the third step with 200, 300, 400 and 500 grams and collect the data related to
each experiment

Final result provided by software and manually calculation made were compared using
graphs

Results

Table 1 bending moment Results

Ma Loa Distan Experimen Theoretic Experimen Theoretic Theoretic Theoretic

ss d ce tal Force al Force tal bending al al al
from at cut moment at bending reaction reaction
left cut moment at left at right
at cut support support
N mm N N Nm Nm N N
g
0 0.00 400 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

100 0.98 400 0.96 0.65 0.12 0.08 0.40 0.58

200 1.96 400 1.98 1.30 0.25 0.16 0.80 1.16

300 2.94 400 2.99 1.95 0.37 0.24 1.20 1.74

400 3.92 400 4.01 2.60 0.50 0.32 1.61 2.32
500 4.9 400 5.01 3.25 0.63 0.4 2.02 2.89

Calculations

Following is the equation which can be used for the bending moment calculation

Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l

Here

W is a the applied load on beam

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10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

a is the distance between the pivot point and point of force application.
l is the total length of the beam

For W = 0
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=0*400*(580-400)/580=0 N
For W = 0.98
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=0.98*400*(580-400)/580=0 N
For W = 1.96
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=1.96*400*(580-400)/580=0 N
For W = 2.94
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=2.94*400*(580-400)/580=0 N
For W = 3.92
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=3.92*400*(580-400)/580=0 N
For W = 4.90
Bending Moment = W* a*(l-a)/l=4.90*400*(580-400)/580=0 N

Percentage error

Percentage Error= PE = (Experimental shear force-Theoretical shear

force)/(Theoretical shear force)
100%

PE = (0.5-0.486)/0.486 100%

PE =2.88 %

Table 2 bending moment calculations

Mass Load Experimental Calculated
bending moment at Theoretical % Error
cut Bending
Moment
g N Nm Nm %
0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0
100 0.98 0.12 0.122 1.64
200 1.96 0.25 0.243 2.88
300 2.94 0.37 0.365 1.37
400 3.92 0.50 0.486 2.88
500 4.90 0.63 0.608 3.61

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Figure 3 bending moment graphs

Figure 4 bending moment comparison

Discussion
Values of the bending stresses obtain from the experiment are presented in the table
above and they are arranged in the respective cell according to the load that produce
that bending moment. All the data is presented in the graphs and according to that
graph the theoretical bending moment is showing linear relation with the load means

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10/29/2017 Bending Moment in a Beam Lab Report | Green Mechanic

the value of the theoretical bending moment increase with the increase in the value of
applied load and decrease with the decrease in the value of applied load. The ratio with
which there is an increase and decrease in the value of theoretical bending moment is
equal to the ratio with which there is an increase and decrease in the value of applied
load.

Second graph is between bending stresses and the load but the main purpose of this
graph is to compare the theoretical and experimental bending moment. According
there is very little different between both value which show the correctness of
apparatus and skills of the worker. Little different between the values is due to human
error which cannot be minimize due to the human capabilities limitation.

Conclusion
Aim of this task was to study the effect of different forces on the bending moment in the
beam and the result show that there is a linear relationship between bending moment
and applied load. Experimental and theoretical bending moment shows perfect linear
relationship with applied load with very little difference in the values of bending
moment.

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