Shigley 8 Ed-Solve Cap. 3 &4

budynas_SM_ch03.
qxd 11/28/2006 21:21 Page 14

FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3
3-1
W W
2 2
A B A B
RA RB RA RB
1 1 1
(a) (b)
1
1
RD
RC
3 2 D
C
RA RB B
A
(c)
W
1
RC
RB
RA
RB
2
RA
(d)
(e)
A RA
1
RBx B
RB
RBx RBy
RBy
1
Scale of
corner magnified
(f)
budynas_SM_ch03.qxd 11/28/2006 21:21 Page 15
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 15
3-2
(a) 2 kN
60
RB R A = 2 sin 60 = 1.732 kN Ans.
90
2 R B = 2 sin 30 = 1 kN Ans.
2 kN
30 60
RA
RB 30
RA
(b) RA
0.4 m S = 0.6 m
B
0.6
A 45
= tan1 = 30.96
800 N
0.4 + 0.6
0.6 m
RO O
s
RO RA 800
RA = R A = 1100 N Ans.
135 sin 135 sin 30.96
30.96 800 N
RO 800
45 30.96 14.04 = R O = 377 N Ans.
sin 14.04 sin 30.96
30.96
(c) 1.2 kN 1.2

RO = = 2.078 kN Ans.
tan 30
30 1.2
RA = = 2.4 kN Ans.
RO RA sin 30
60 90 60
RA 1.2 kN
RO
(d) Step 1: Find R A and R E

4.5
C 4.5 m h= = 7.794 m
tan 30

30
400 N
y
+ MA = 0
2 4
h
9R E 7.794(400 cos 30) 4.5(400 sin 30) = 0
B D R E = 400 N Ans.
3
RAx 60
A E x
RA 9m
RAy RE

Fx = 0 R Ax + 400 cos 30 = 0 R Ax = 346.4 N

Fy = 0 R Ay + 400 400 sin 30 = 0 R Ay = 200 N

R A = 346.42 + 2002 = 400 N Ans.
FIRST PAGES
16 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design
Step 2: Find components of RC on link 4 and R D

(RCy)4
+ MC = 0
C (RCx)4
400(4.5) (7.794 1.9) R D = 0 R D = 305.4 N Ans.

Fx = 0 ( RC x ) 4 = 305.4 N
4
Fy = 0 ( RC y ) 4 = 400 N
RD D
400 N
Step 3: Find components of RC on link 2

(RCy)2
Fx = 0
C (RCx)2
( RC x ) 2 + 305.4 346.4 = 0 ( RC x ) 2 = 41 N

2 Fy = 0
( RC y ) 2 = 200 N
B 305.4 N
346.4 N
A
200 N
200 N 400 N 200 N 400 N
41 N 305.4 N C 41 N C 305.4 N
30
Pin C
400 N
305.4 N B D 305.4 N
B D
346.4 N
E
A
200 N 400 N
400 N
Ans.
3-3
(a) y 40 lbf 60 lbf
+ M0 = 0
4" 4" 6" 4"
O x
A B C D
18(60) + 14R2 + 8(30) 4(40) = 0
R1 30 lbf R2
R2 = 71.43 lbf
V (lbf)

60
Fy = 0: R1 40 + 30 + 71.43 60 = 0
O
1.43 11.43
x
R1 = 1.43 lbf
41.43
M M1 = 1.43(4) = 5.72 lbf in

(lbf in)
M4
x
M2 = 5.72 41.43(4) = 171.44 lbf in
O
M1
M2
M3 = 171.44 11.43(6) = 240 lbf in
M3
M4 = 240 + 60(4) = 0 checks!
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 17

(b) y 2 kN 4 kN/m Fy = 0
A B C R0 = 2 + 4(0.150) = 2.6 kN
O x

MO RO 200 mm 150 mm 150 mm M0 = 0
V (kN) M0 = 2000(0.2) + 4000(0.150)(0.425)
2.6
= 655 N m
0.6
O
O x
M1 = 655 + 2600(0.2) = 135 N m
M
(N m)
M2 = 135 + 600(0.150) = 45 N m
M3
O x
1
M1
M2
M3 = 45 + 600(0.150) = 0 checks!
2
655

(c) y 1000 lbf
M0 = 0: 10R2 6(1000) = 0 R2 = 600 lbf
6 ft 4 ft B
O
A
x
Fy = 0: R1 1000 + 600 = 0 R1 = 400 lbf
R1 R2
V (lbf)
400
O x
600
M M1
(lbf ft) M1 = 400(6) = 2400 lbf ft
M2
x
M2 = 2400 600(4) = 0 checks!
O
y

(d) 1000 lbf 2000 lbf
+ MC = 0
O
2 ft
A
6 ft
B
2 ft
C
x 10R1 + 2(2000) + 8(1000) = 0
R1 R2 R1 = 1200 lbf

1200
Fy = 0: 1200 1000 2000 + R2 = 0
200
x
R2 = 1800 lbf
1800
M
M2 M1 = 1200(2) = 2400 lbf ft
M1
M3
M2 = 2400 + 200(6) = 3600 lbf ft
O x
M3 = 3600 1800(2) = 0 checks!
FIRST PAGES

(e) y 400 lbf 800 lbf + MB = 0
O
4 ft 3 ft B 3 ft
x 7R1 + 3(400) 3(800) = 0
A C
R1 R2 R1 = 171.4 lbf

V (lbf)
800 Fy = 0: 171.4 400 + R2 800 = 0
O x
R2 = 1371.4 lbf
171.4
571.4
O
M3
x
M1 = 171.4(4) = 685.7 lbf ft
M1 M2 = 685.7 571.4(3) = 2400 lbf ft
M2
M3 = 2400 + 800(3) = 0 checks!
(f) Break at A
40 lbf/in
1
O
8"
A R1 = V A = 40(8) = 160 lbf
2
R1 VA
y
160 lbf 320 lbf + MD = 0
A B 5" 5" D
2" C 12(160) 10R2 + 320(5) = 0
R2 R3 R2 = 352 lbf

40 lbf/in 320 lbf
Fy = 0
x 160 + 352 320 + R3 = 0
R3 = 128 lbf
160 lbf 352 lbf 128 lbf
V (lbf)
192
160
O x
128
160
1
M M4 M1 = 160(4) = 320 lbf in
2
M1
1
O
M5
x
M2 = 320 160(4) = 0 checks! (hinge)
M2 2
M3 M3 = 0 160(2) = 320 lbf in
M4 = 320 + 192(5) = 640 lbf in
M5 = 640 128(5) = 0 checks!
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 19
3-4
(a) q = R1 x1 40x 41 + 30x 81 + R2 x 141 60x 181
V = R1 40x 40 + 30x 80 + R2 x 140 60x 180 (1)
M = R1 x 40x 41 + 30x 81 + R2 x 141 60x 181 (2)
for x = 18+ V =0 and M = 0 Eqs. (1) and (2) give
0 = R1 40 + 30 + R2 60 R1 + R2 = 70 (3)
0 = R1 (18) 40(14) + 30(10) + 4R2 9R1 + 2R2 = 130 (4)
Solve (3) and (4) simultaneously to get R1 = 1.43 lbf, R2 = 71.43 lbf. Ans.
+
From Eqs. (1) and (2), at x = 0 , V = R1 = 1.43 lbf, M = 0
x = 4+ : V = 1.43 40 = 41.43, M = 1.43x
x = 8+ : V = 1.43 40 + 30 = 11.43
M = 1.43(8) 40(8 4) 1 = 171.44
x = 14+ : V = 1.43 40 + 30 + 71.43 = 60
M = 1.43(14) 40(14 4) + 30(14 8) = 240 .
+
x = 18 : V = 0, M = 0 See curves of V and M in Prob. 3-3 solution.
(b) q = R0 x1 M0 x2 2000x 0.21 4000x 0.350 + 4000x 0.50

V = R0 M0 x1 2000x 0.20 4000x 0.351 + 4000x 0.51 (1)
M = R0 x M0 2000x 0.21 2000x 0.352 + 2000x 0.52 (2)
at x = 0.5+ m, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give
R0 2000 4000(0.5 0.35) = 0 R1 = 2600 N = 2.6 kN Ans.
R0 (0.5) M0 2000(0.5 0.2) 2000(0.5 0.35) 2 = 0
with R0 = 2600 N, M0 = 655 N m Ans.
With R0 and M0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give the same V and M curves as Prob. 3-3 (note for
V, M0 x1 has no physical meaning).
(c) q = R1 x1 1000x 61 + R2 x 101
V = R1 1000x 60 + R2 x 100 (1)
M = R1 x 1000x 61 + R2 x 101 (2)
at x = 10+ ft, V = M = 0, Eqs. (1) and (2) give
R1 1000 + R2 = 0 R1 + R2 = 1000
10R1 1000(10 6) = 0 R1 = 400 lbf , R2 = 1000 400 = 600 lbf
0 x 6: V = 400 lbf, M = 400x
6 x 10: V = 400 1000(x 6) 0 = 600 lbf
M = 400x 1000(x 6) = 6000 600x
See curves of Prob. 3-3 solution.
(d) q = R1 x1 1000x 21 2000x 81 + R2 x 101
V = R1 1000x 20 2000x 80 + R2 x 100 (1)
M = R1 x 1000x 21 2000x 81 + R2 x 101 (2)
FIRST PAGES
At x = 10+ , V = M = 0 from Eqs. (1) and (2)

R1 1000 2000 + R2 = 0 R1 + R2 = 3000
10R1 1000(10 2) 2000(10 8) = 0 R1 = 1200 lbf ,
R2 = 3000 1200 = 1800 lbf
0 x 2: V = 1200 lbf, M = 1200x lbf ft
2 x 8: V = 1200 1000 = 200 lbf
M = 1200x 1000(x 2) = 200x + 2000 lbf ft
8 x 10: V = 1200 1000 2000 = 1800 lbf
M = 1200x 1000(x 2) 2000(x 8) = 1800x + 18 000 lbf ft
Plots are the same as in Prob. 3-3.
(e) q = R1 x1 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101

V = R1 400x 40 + R2 x 70 800x 100 (1)
M = R1 x 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101 (2)
at x = 10+ , V = M = 0
R1 400 + R2 800 = 0 R1 + R2 = 1200 (3)
10R1 400(6) + R2 (3) = 0 10R1 + 3R2 = 2400 (4)
Solve Eqs. (3) and (4) simultaneously: R1 = 171.4 lbf, R2 = 1371.4 lbf
0 x 4: V = 171.4 lbf, M = 171.4x lbf ft
4 x 7: V = 171.4 400 = 571.4 lbf
M = 171.4x 400(x 4) lbf ft = 571.4x + 1600
7 x 10: V = 171.4 400 + 1371.4 = 800 lbf
M = 171.4x 400(x 4) + 1371.4(x 7) = 800x 8000 lbf ft
Plots are the same as in Prob. 3-3.
(f) q = R1 x1 40x0 + 40x 80 + R2 x 101 320x 151 + R3 x 20
V = R1 40x + 40x 81 + R2 x 100 320x 150 + R3 x 200 (1)
M = R1 x 20x + 20x 8 + R2 x 10 320x 15 + R3 x 20
2 2 1 1 1
(2)
M = 0 at x = 8 in 8R1 20(8) = 0 R1 = 160 lbf
2
at x = 20+ , V and M = 0
160 40(20) + 40(12) + R2 320 + R3 = 0
R2 + R3 = 480
160(20) 20(20) 2 + 20(12) 2 + 10R2 320(5) = 0
R2 = 352 lbf
R3 = 480 352 = 128 lbf
0 x 8: V = 160 40x lbf, M = 160x 20x lbf in
2
8 x 10: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) = 160 lbf ,

M = 160x 20x 2 + 20(x 8) 2 = 1280 160x lbf in
10 x 15: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 = 192 lbf
M = 160x 20x 2 + 20(x 8) + 352(x 10) = 192x 2240
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 21
15 x 20: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 320 = 128 lbf

M = 160x 20x 2 20(x 8) + 352(x 10) 320(x 15)
= 128x + 2560
Plots of V and M are the same as in Prob. 3-3.
3-5 Solution depends upon the beam selected.
3-6
(a) Moment at center, xc = (l 2a)/2
2
w l l wl l
Mc = (l 2a) = a
2 2 2 2 4
At reaction, |Mr | = wa 2 /2
a = 2.25, l = 10 in, w = 100 lbf/in

100(10) 10
Mc = 2.25 = 125 lbf in
2 4
100(2.252 )
Mr = = 253.1 lbf in Ans.
2
(b) Minimum occurs when Mc = |Mr |

wl l wa 2
a = a 2 + al 0.25l 2 = 0
2 4 2
Taking the positive root
1 l
a= l + l 2 + 4(0.25l 2 ) = 2 1 = 0.2071l Ans.

2 2
for l = 10 in and w = 100 lbf, Mmin = (100/2)[(0.2071)(10)]2 = 214 lbf in
3-7 For the ith wire from bottom, from summing forces vertically
(a) Ti
xi
a Ti = (i + 1)W
W iW
From summing moments about point a,

Ma = W (l xi ) i W xi = 0
Giving,
l
xi =
i +1
FIRST PAGES
So
l l
W = =
1+1 2
l l
x= =
2+1 3
l l
y= =
3+1 4
l l
z= =
4+1 5
(b) With straight rigid wires, the mobile is not stable. Any perturbation can lead to all wires
becoming collinear. Consider a wire of length l bent at its string support:
Ti

il l
Ma = 0
i1
i1
iW
iWl ilW
W
Ma = cos cos = 0
i +1 i +1
iWl
(cos cos ) = 0
i +1
Moment vanishes when = for any wire. Consider a ccw rotation angle , which
makes + and
iWl
Ma = [cos( + ) cos( )]
i +1
2i W l . 2i W l
= sin sin = sin
i +1 i +1
There exists a correcting moment of opposite sense to arbitrary rotation . An equation
for an upward bend can be found by changing the sign of W . The moment will no longer
be correcting. A curved, convex-upward bend of wire will produce stable equilibrium
too, but the equation would change somewhat.
3-8
(a) 1 x
12 + 6
cw
(12, 4cw) C= =9
2s
2
12 6
2p
CD = =3
2
2 C D 1
R = 32 + 42 = 5
R
1 = 5 + 9 = 14
ccw
ccw
(6, 4 )
2 = 9 5 = 4
y 2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 23

4 1 1 4
p = tan = 26.6 cw
2 3
x
26.6
14
1 = R = 5, s = 45 26.6 = 18.4 ccw

9
9
18.4
x
5
9
(b) y 1 9 + 16
cw C= = 12.5
(9, 5cw) 2
R 16 9
CD = = 3.5
2
D

2 C
2p
1
R = 52 + 3.52 = 6.10
2s 1 = 6.1 + 12.5 = 18.6
(16, 5ccw) 1 5
ccw p = tan1 = 27.5 ccw
2 x 2 3.5
2 = 12.5 6.1 = 6.4
6.4
18.6
27.5
x
1 = R = 6.10 , s = 45 27.5 = 17.5 cw

12.5
6.10
x
17.5
12.5
(c) 1
cw 24 + 10
y
C= = 17
(24, 6cw) 2
R 24 10
CD = =7
D C
2
2 1
2p
R = 72 + 62 = 9.22
(10, 6 ccw
)
2s
1 = 17 + 9.22 = 26.22
ccw x 2 = 17 9.22 = 7.78
2
FIRST PAGES

1 1 7
26.22 p = 90 + tan = 69.7 ccw
69.7 2 6
7.78
1 = R = 9.22, s = 69.7 45 = 24.7 ccw
17 9.22
17
24.7
x
(d) x
1 9 + 19
cw
(9, 8cw)
C= = 14
2
2s
19 9
2p CD = =5
2
2 1
D C R = 52 + 82 = 9.434
R 1 = 14 + 9.43 = 23.43
(19, 8ccw) 2 = 14 9.43 = 4.57
ccw
2
y

1 1 5
4.57 p = 90 + tan = 61.0 cw
2 8
x
61
23.43
1 = R = 9.434, s = 61 45 = 16 cw
14
x
16
14
9.434
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 25
3-9
(a) 1
cw
12 4
y
C= =4
(12, 7cw) 2
R 12 + 4
CD = =8
D C
2
2 1
R = 82 + 72 = 10.63
2p
(4, 7ccw) 2s 1 = 4 + 10.63 = 14.63

x 2 = 4 10.63 = 6.63
2
ccw

1 1 8
14.63 p = 90 + tan = 69.4 ccw
69.4
2 7
6.63
1 = R = 10.63, s = 69.4 45 = 24.4 ccw
4
10.63
4
24.4
x
(b) y cw 1
65
(5, 8cw) C= = 0.5
2
R 6+5
CD = = 5.5
2
C D
1
2
2p R = 5.52 + 82 = 9.71
2s 1 = 0.5 + 9.71 = 10.21
(6, 8ccw) 2 = 0.5 9.71 = 9.21
2
ccw x
9.21 1 1 8
10.21 p = tan = 27.75 ccw
27.75 2 5.5
x
FIRST PAGES
1 = R = 9.71, s = 45 27.75 = 17.25 cw

0.5
9.71
x
17.25
0.5
(c) cw
8 + 7
1
C= = 0.5
x 2
(8, 6cw)
2s 8+7
2p
CD = = 7.5
2

2 D C 1 R = 7.52 + 62 = 9.60
R 1 = 9.60 0.5 = 9.10
(7, 6ccw)
y
2 = 0.5 9.6 = 10.1
2
ccw

1 1 7.5
p = 90 + tan = 70.67 cw
10.1 2 6
x
70.67
9.1
1 = R = 9.60, s = 70.67 45 = 25.67 cw
0.5
x
25.67
0.5
9.60
(d) cw 1
96
C= = 1.5
2
x
2s 9+6
(9, 3cw)
CD = = 7.5
2p 2
2 C D 1

R = 7.52 + 32 = 8.078
R
(6, 3ccw)
y
1 = 1.5 + 8.078 = 9.58
2 = 1.5 8.078 = 6.58
2
ccw
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 27
6.58 1 1 3
p = tan = 10.9 cw
2 7.5
x
10.9
9.58
1 = R = 8.078, s = 45 10.9 = 34.1 ccw
1.5 1.5
34.1
x
8.08
3-10
(a) cw 1 20 10
C= =5
x
2
2s (20, 8cw) 20 + 10
CD = = 15
2p 2
2 C D 1

R R = 152 + 82 = 17
(10, 8ccw)
y 1 = 5 + 17 = 22
2 = 5 17 = 12
ccw 2
1 1 8
= 14.04 cw
12
p = tan
2 15
x
14.04
22
1 = R = 17, s = 45 14.04 = 30.96 ccw
5
5
30.96
x
17
FIRST PAGES
(b) cw 1
30 10
C= = 10
y 2
(10, 10cw) R 30 + 10
CD = = 20
D
2
2 C 2p 1
R = 202 + 102 = 22.36
(30, 10ccw)
2s
x 1 = 10 + 22.36 = 32.36
2 = 10 22.36 = 12.36
2
ccw
12.36 1 1 10
p = tan = 13.28 ccw
32.36
2 20
13.28
x
1 = R = 22.36, s = 45 13.28 = 31.72 cw

10
22.36
x
31.72
10
(c) cw 1
10 + 18
C= =4
x 2
10 + 18
(10, 9cw) 2s
2p
CD = = 14
2

2 1
D C
R = 142 + 92 = 16.64
R
(18, 9ccw) 1 = 4 + 16.64 = 20.64
y
2 = 4 16.64 = 12.64
2
ccw

1 1 14
p = 90 + tan = 73.63 cw
12.64 2 9
x
73.63
20.64
1 = R = 16.64, s = 73.63 45 = 28.63 cw

4
x
28.63
4
16.64
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 29
(d) cw 1 12 + 22
C= =5
x 2
(12, 12cw) 2s
12 + 22
CD = = 17
2p
2
2 1
D C R = 172 + 122 = 20.81
R
(22, 12ccw) 1 = 5 + 20.81 = 25.81
y 2 = 5 20.81 = 15.81
2
ccw

1 1 17
p = 90 + tan = 72.39 cw
15.81 2 12
x
72.39
25.81
1 = R = 20.81, s = 72.39 45 = 27.39 cw

5
x
27.39
5
20.81
3-11
(a) 1/3
14
7
2
1/2 5
2/3 2
4 y x 10

3 y 2 0 x 1
1/3
(b) 0 + 10
y
1/2
C= =5
(0, 4cw)
2
10 0
2/3
R
CD = =5
2
3 2
C D
1

R = 52 + 42 = 6.40
(10, 4ccw) 1 = 5 + 6.40 = 11.40
x 2 = 0, 3 = 5 6.40 = 1.40
11.40 1.40
1/3 = R = 6.40, 1/2 = = 5.70, 2/3 = = 0.70
2 2
FIRST PAGES

(c) 2 circles (2, 4cw) x 2 8
C= = 5
2
Point is a circle
82
3
C
D 1 2
CD = =3
2

(8, 4ccw) R = 32 + 42 = 5
y
1 = 5 + 5 = 0, 2 = 0
3 = 5 5 = 10
10
1/3 = = 5, 1/2 = 0, 2/3 = 5
2
1/3
(d) 10 30
2/3 C= = 10
2
y
(30, 10cw) 1/2 10 + 30
R CD = = 20
C D

2
3 2 1
(10, 10ccw)
R = 202 + 102 = 22.36
x
1 = 10 + 22.36 = 12.36
2 = 0
3 = 10 22.36 = 32.36
12.36 32.36
1/3 = 22.36, 1/2 = = 6.18, 2/3 = = 16.18
2 2
3-12
(a) 1/3
80 30
2/3 C= = 55
x 2
(80, 20cw)
1/2
80 30
C
CD = = 25
3 2 1
2
D
R
(30, 20ccw)
R = 252 + 202 = 32.02
y
1 = 0
2 = 55 + 32.02 = 22.98 = 23.0
3 = 55 32.0 = 87.0
23 87
1/2 = = 11.5, 2/3 = 32.0, 1/3 = = 43.5
2 2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 31
(b) 1/3 30 60
C= = 15
2/3 x 2
(30, 30cw)
R
60 + 30
1/2 CD = = 45
2
3 C 2 D 1

R = 452 + 302 = 54.1
(60, 30ccw)
y 1 = 15 + 54.1 = 39.1
2 = 0
3 = 15 54.1 = 69.1
39.1 + 69.1 39.1 69.1

1/3 = = 54.1, 1/2 = = 19.6, 2/3 = = 34.6
2 2 2
(c) 1/3
40 + 0
y
1/2
C= = 20
2
(0, 20cw)
2/3 40 0
R CD = = 20
D

2
3 2 C 1
R = 202 + 202 = 28.3
(40, 20ccw)
x 1 = 20 + 28.3 = 48.3
2 = 20 28.3 = 8.3
3 = z = 30
48.3 + 30 30 8.3
1/3 = = 39.1, 1/2 = 28.3, 2/3 = = 10.9
2 2
(d) 1/3
x 50
1/2
(50, 30cw)
C= = 25
2
2/3 50
CD = = 25
3 2 1
2
C D
R = 252 + 302 = 39.1
(0, 30ccw)
1 = 25 + 39.1 = 64.1
y
2 = 25 39.1 = 14.1
3 = z = 20
64.1 + 20 20 14.1
1/3 = = 42.1, 1/2 = 39.1, 2/3 = = 2.95
2 2
FIRST PAGES
3-13
F 2000
= = = 10 190 psi = 10.19 kpsi Ans.
A (/4)(0.52 )
FL L 72
= = = 10 190 = 0.024 46 in Ans.
AE E 30(106 )
0.024 46
1 = = = 340(106 ) = 340 Ans.
L 72
From Table A-5, = 0.292
2 = 1 = 0.292(340) = 99.3 Ans.

d = 2 d = 99.3(106 )(0.5) = 49.6(106 ) in Ans.
3-14 From Table A-5, E = 71.7 GPa

L 3
= = 135(106 ) = 5.65(103 ) m = 5.65 mm Ans.
E 71.7(109 )
3-15 With z = 0, solve the first two equations of Eq. (3-19) simultaneously. Place E on the left-
hand side of both equations, and using Cramers rule,

Ex
E 1 Ex + E y E(x + y )
x = y = =
1 1 2 1 2
1
Likewise,
E( y + x )
y =
1 2
From Table A-5, E = 207 GPa and = 0.292. Thus,
E(x + y ) 207(109 )[0.0021 + 0.292(0.000 67)] 6
x = = (10 ) = 431 MPa Ans.
1 2 1 0.2922
207(109 )[0.000 67 + 0.292(0.0021)] 6
y = (10 ) = 12.9 MPa Ans.
1 0.2922
3-16 The engineer has assumed the stress to be uniform. That is,
t

F

F
Ft = F cos + A = 0 = cos
A
When failure occurs in shear
F
Ssu = cos
A
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 33
The uniform stress assumption is common practice but is not exact. If interested in the
details, see p. 570 of 6th edition.
3-17 From Eq. (3-15)

3 (2 + 6 4) 2 + [2(6) + (2)(4) + 6(4) 32 22 (5) 2 ]
[2(6)(4) + 2(3)(2)(5) (2)(2) 2 6(5) 2 (4)(3) 2 ] = 0
3 66 + 118 = 0
Roots are: 7.012, 1.89, 8.903 kpsi Ans.
7.012 1.89 1/3 (kpsi)
1/2 = = 2.56 kpsi
2 2/3
8.903 + 1.89
2/3 = = 5.40 kpsi 1/2
2
(kpsi)
8.903 + 7.012 8.903
1.89 7.012
max = 1/3 = = 7.96 kpsi Ans.
2
Note: For Probs. 3-17 to 3-19, one can also find the eigenvalues of the matrix

x x y zx
[ ] = x y y yz
zx yz z
for the principal stresses
3-18 From Eq. (3-15)

2
3 (10 + 0 + 10) 2 + 10(0) + 10(10) + 0(10) 202 10 2 02

2
10(0)(10) + 2(20) 10 2 (0) 10 10 2 0(0) 2 10(20) 2 = 0
3 20 2 500 + 6000 = 0
Roots are: 30, 10, 20 MPa Ans. (MPa) 1/3
30 10
1/2 = = 10 MPa 2/3
2 1/2
10 + 20
2/3 = = 15 MPa
2 20 10 30 (MPa)
30 + 20
max = 1/3 = = 25 MPa Ans.
2
FIRST PAGES
3-19 From Eq. (3-15)

3 (1 + 4 + 4) 2 + [1(4) + 1(4) + 4(4) 22 (4) 2 (2) 2 ]
[1(4)(4) + 2(2)(4)(2) 1(4) 2 4(2) 2 4(2) 2 ] = 0
3 9 2 = 0
Roots are: 9, 0, 0 kpsi
(kpsi) 1/2 1/3
2/3
(kpsi)
O 0 9
9
2/3 = 0, 1/2 = 1/3 = max = = 4.5 kpsi Ans.
2
3-20
c ac
(a) R1 = F Mmax = R1 a = F
l l
6M 6 ac bh 2l
= 2
= 2 F F= Ans.
bh bh l 6ac
Fm (m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2 (lm /l) 1(s)(s) 2 (s)

(b) = = = s2 Ans.
F (am /a) (cm /c) (s)(s)
For equal stress, the model load varies by the square of the scale factor.
3-21
wl wl l wl 2
R1 = , Mmax |x=l/2 = l =
2 22 2 8
6M 6 wl 2 3W l 4 bh 2
= 2
= 2
= W = Ans.
bh bh 8 4bh 2 3 l
Wm (m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2 1(s)(s) 2

= = = s2 Ans.
W lm /l s
wm lm wm s2
= s2 = =s Ans.
wl w s
For equal stress, the model load w varies linearily with the scale factor.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 35
3-22
(a) Can solve by iteration or derive equations for the general case.
W1 W2 W3 . . . WT . . . Wn Find maximum moment under wheel W3
A B
a23 WT = W at centroid of Ws
d3 RB
RA a13
x3
l
l x3 d3
RA = WT
l
Under wheel 3
(l x3 d3 )
M3 = R A x3 W1 a13 W2 a23 = WT x3 W1 a13 W2 a23
l
d M3 WT l d3
For maximum, = 0 = (l d3 2x3 ) x3 =
dx3 l 2
(l d3 ) 2
substitute into M, M3 = WT W1 a13 W2 a23
4l
This means the midpoint of d3 intersects the midpoint of the beam
l di (l di ) 2
i1
For wheel i xi = , Mi = WT W j a ji
2 4l j=1
Note for wheel 1: W j a ji = 0

104.4
WT = 104.4, W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 = = 26.1 kip
4
476 (1200 238) 2
Wheel 1: d1 = = 238 in, M1 = (104.4) = 20 128 kip in
2 4(1200)
Wheel 2: d2 = 238 84 = 154 in
(1200 154) 2
M2 = (104.4) 26.1(84) = 21 605 kip in = Mmax
4(1200)
Check if all of the wheels are on the rail
84" 77" 84"
315"
xmax
600" 600"
(b) xmax = 600 77 = 523 in

(c) See above sketch.
(d) inner axles
FIRST PAGES
3-23
(a) D
a a
c1 0.833" 0.75"
Ga 0.083"
C 1.5"
1 1
1" b 0.167"
4
Gb
y c2 0.667"
3" B 0.5"
8
A
1" 1"
4
1 12 " 4
Aa = Ab = 0.25(1.5) = 0.375 in2

A = 3(0.375) = 1.125 in2
2(0.375)(0.75) + 0.375(0.5)
y = = 0.667 in
1.125
0.25(1.5) 3
Ia = = 0.0703 in4
12
1.5(0.25) 3
Ib = = 0.001 95 in4
12
I1 = 2[0.0703 + 0.375(0.083) 2 ] + [0.001 95 + 0.375(0.167) 2 ] = 0.158 in4 Ans.
10 000(0.667)
A = = 42(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
10 000(0.667 0.375)
B = = 18.5(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
10 000(0.167 0.125)
C = = 2.7(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
10 000(0.833)
D = = 52.7(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.158
(b) D
c1 1.155"
C a b
1.732"
0.982"
1 1
Ga 0.327" Gb
y B
c2 0.577" 0.577" 0.577"
0.25" 1.134"
A A
2"
Here we treat the hole as a negative area.

Aa = 1.732 in2

0.982
Ab = 1.134 = 0.557 in2
2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 37
A = 1.732 0.557 = 1.175 in2

1.732(0.577) 0.557(0.577)
y = = 0.577 in Ans.
1.175
bh 3 2(1.732) 3
Ia = = = 0.289 in4
36 36
1.134(0.982) 3
Ib = = 0.0298 in4
36
I1 = Ia Ib = 0.289 0.0298 = 0.259 in4 Ans.
because the centroids are coincident.

10 000(0.577)
A = = 22.3(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
10 000(0.327)
B = = 12.6(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
10 000(0.982 0.327)
C = = 25.3(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
10 000(1.155)
D = = 44.6(10) 3 psi Ans.
0.259
(c) Use two negative areas.
D
C
c1 1.708"
b
1 1
Gb Gc
1.5" c
c2 2.292"
2"
B
a G
a 0.25"
A
Aa = 1 in2 , Ab = 9 in2 , Ac = 16 in2 , A = 16 9 1 = 6 in2 ;

ya = 0.25 in, yb = 2.0 in, yc = 2 in
16(2) 9(2) 1(0.25)
y = = 2.292 in Ans.
6
c1 = 4 2.292 = 1.708 in
2(0.5) 3
Ia = = 0.020 83 in4
12
3(3) 3
Ib = = 6.75 in4
12
4(4) 3
Ic = = 21.333 in4
12
FIRST PAGES
I1 = [21.333 + 16(0.292) 2 ] [6.75 + 9(0.292) 2 ]

[0.020 83 + 1(2.292 0.25) 2 ]
= 10.99 in4 Ans.
10 000(2.292)
A = = 2086 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(2.292 0.5)
B = = 1631 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(1.708 0.5)
C = = 1099 psi Ans.
10.99
10 000(1.708)
D = = 1554 psi Ans.
10.99
(d) Use a as a negative area.
C
c1 1.355" b
B
1 1
1.490" a 3.464"
c2 2.645"
Ga
1.155"
A
Aa = 6.928 in2 , Ab = 16 in2 , A = 9.072 in2 ;

ya = 1.155 in, yb = 2 in
2(16) 1.155(6.928)
y = = 2.645 in Ans.
9.072
c1 = 4 2.645 = 1.355 in
bh 3 4(3.464) 3
Ia = = = 4.618 in4
36 36
4(4) 3
Ib = = 21.33 in4
12
I1 = [21.33 + 16(0.645) 2 ] [4.618 + 6.928(1.490) 2 ]
= 7.99 in4 Ans.
10 000(2.645)
A = = 3310 psi Ans.
7.99
10 000(3.464 2.645)
B = = 1025 psi Ans.
7.99
10 000(1.355)
C = = 1696 psi Ans.
7.99
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 39
(e) a
C Aa = 6(1.25) = 7.5 in2
c1 1.422"
B Ab = 3(1.5) = 4.5 in2
A = Ac + Ab = 12 in2
c2 2.828"
b
3.625(7.5) + 1.5(4.5)
A
y = = 2.828 in Ans.
12
1 1
I = (6)(1.25) 3 + 7.5(3.625 2.828) 2 + (1.5)(3) 3 + 4.5(2.828 1.5) 2
12 12
= 17.05 in Ans.
4
10 000(2.828)
A = = 1659 psi Ans.
17.05
10 000(3 2.828)
B = = 101 psi Ans.
17.05
10 000(1.422)
C = = 834 psi Ans.
17.05
(f) D Let a = total area
a
c 1.5
C A = 1.5(3) 1(1.25) = 3.25 in2
b b 1 1
c 1.5
B I = Ia 2Ib = (1.5)(3) 3 (1.25)(1) 3
12 12
A
1.5 = 3.271 in Ans.
4
10 000(1.5)
A = = 4586 psi, D = 4586 psi
3.271
Ans.
10 000(0.5)
B = = 1529 psi, C = 1529 psi
3.271
3-24
(a) The moment is maximum and constant between A and B
1
M = 50(20) = 1000 lbf in , I = (0.5)(2) 3 = 0.3333 in4
12

E I 1.6(106 )(0.3333)
= = = 533.3 in
M 1000
(x, y) = (30, 533.3) in Ans.
(b) The moment is maximum and constant between A and B

M = 50(5) = 250 lbf in, I = 0.3333 in4
1.6(106 )(0.3333)
= = 2133 in Ans.
250
(x, y) = (20, 2133) in Ans.
FIRST PAGES
3-25
(a) 1000 lbf 1
I = (0.75)(1.5) 3 = 0.2109 in4
O
12" 6"
B
12
A
A = 0.75(1.5) = 1.125 in
333 lbf 667 lbf
Mmax is at A. At the bottom of the section,
V (lbf)
Mc 4000(0.75)
333 max = = = 14 225 psi Ans.
O x I 0.2109
Due to V, max constant is between A and B
667
at y = 0
M
(lbf in)
4000 3V 3 667
max = = = 889 psi Ans.
2A 2 1.125
O x
(b) 1000 lbf 1000 lbf 1

I = (1)(2) 3 = 0.6667 in4
12
8" A 8"
x
O B Mmax is at A at the top of the beam
2000 lbf 8000(1)
max = = 12 000 psi Ans.
V (lbf)
1000
0.6667
O x
|Vmax | = 1000 lbf from O to B at y = 0
3V 3 1000
1000 max = = = 750 psi Ans.
2A 2 (2)(1)
M
(lbf in)
O x
8000
(c) 120 lbf/in 1

I = (0.75)(2) 3 = 0.5 in4
O x 12
5" A 15" B 5" C
1
1500 lbf 1500 lbf M1 = 600(5) = 1500 lbf in = M3
2
V (lbf)
1
900
600
M2 = 1500 + (900)(7.5) = 1875 lbf in
2
O x
Mmax is at span center. At the bottom of the
600 beam,
900
1875(1)
M M2 max = = 3750 psi Ans.
(lbf in) 0.5
O x At A and B at y = 0
M1 M3 3 900
max = = 900 psi Ans.
2 (0.75)(2)
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 41
(d) 100 lbf/in 1

I = (1)(2) 3 = 0.6667 in4
x 12
O 6" A 12" B
600
1350 lbf 450 lbf M1 = (6) = 1800 lbf in
2
V (lbf) 750 1
M2 = 1800 + 750(7.5) = 1013 lbf in
O x 2
7.5"
600
450 At A, top of beam
M 1800(1)
max = = 2700 psi
M2
(lbf in) Ans.
x
0.6667
O
M1
At A, y = 0
3 750
2 (2)(1)
3-26
wl 2 wl 2 c 8 I
Mmax = max = w=
8 8I cl 2
(a) l = 12(12) = 144 in, I = (1/12)(1.5)(9.5) 3 = 107.2 in4
8(1200)(107.2)
w= = 10.4 lbf/in Ans.
4.75(1442 )
(b) l = 48 in, I = (/64)(24 1.254 ) = 0.6656 in4
8(12)(103 )(0.6656)
1(48) 2
.
(c) l = 48 in, I = (1/12)(2)(33 ) (1/12)(1.625)(2.6253 ) = 2.051 in4
8(12)(103 )(2.051)
1.5(48) 2
(d) l = 72 in; Table A-6, I = 2(1.24) = 2.48 in4
0.842"
2.158"
cmax = 2.158"
8(12)(103 )(2.48)
2.158(72) 2
(e) l = 72 in; Table A-7, I = 3.85 in4
2 8(12)(103 )(3.85)
2(722 )
(f) l = 72 in, I = (1/12)(1)(43 ) = 5.333 in4

8(12)(103 )(5.333)
(2)(72) 2
FIRST PAGES
3-27 (a) Model (c)

500 lbf 500 lbf
I = (0.54 ) = 3.068(103 ) in4
64
0.4375

1.25 in A = (0.52 ) = 0.1963 in2
4
500 lbf 500 lbf
Mc 218.75(0.25)
V (lbf) = =
500 I 3.068(103 )
= 17 825 psi = 17.8 kpsi Ans.
O
4V 4 500
500
max = = = 3400 psi Ans.
3A 3 0.1963
M Mmax 500(0.4375)
(lbf in) 218.75 lbf in
(b) Model (d)

1333 lbf/in
0.25"
1.25"
1
500 lbf 500 lbf Mmax = 500(0.25) + (500)(0.375)
2
V (lbf)
500 = 218.75 lbf in
Vmax = 500 lbf
O
Same M and V
500
= 17.8 kpsi Ans.
M Mmax
max = 3400 psi Ans.
3-28
F
l p2
p1 b
a
p1 + p2
q = Fx1 + p1 x l0 x l1 + terms for x > l + a
a
p1 + p2
V = F + p1 x l1 x l2 + terms for x > l + a
2a
p1 p1 + p2
M = F x + x l2 x l3 + terms for x > l + a
2 6a
At x = (l + a) + , V = M = 0, terms for x > l + a = 0
p1 + p2 2 2F
F + p1 a a =0 p1 p2 = (1)
2a a
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 43
p1 a 2 p1 + p2 3 6F(l + a)
F(l + a) + a =0 2 p1 p2 = (2)
2 6a a2
2F 2F
From (1) and (2) p1 = (3l + 2a), p2 = (3l + a) (3)
a2 a2
b a ap2
From similar triangles = b= (4)
p2 p1 + p2 p1 + p2
Mmax occurs where V = 0
F
l a 2b
p2
p2
xmax = l + a 2b
p2
p1 b b
p1 p1 + p2
Mmax = F(l + a 2b) + (a 2b) 2 (a 2b) 3
2 6a
p1 p1 + p2
= Fl F(a 2b) + (a 2b) 2 (a 2b) 3
2 6a
Normally Mmax = Fl
The fractional increase in the magnitude is
F(a 2b) ( p1 /2)(a 2b) 2 [( p1 + p2 )/6a](a 2b) 3

= (5)
Fl
For example, consider F = 1500 lbf, a = 1.2 in, l = 1.5 in
2(1500)
(3) p1 = [3(1.5) + 2(1.2)] = 14 375 lbf/in
1.22
2(1500)
p2 = [3(1.5) + 1.2] = 11 875 lbf/in
1.22
(4) b = 1.2(11 875)/(14 375 + 11 875) = 0.5429 in
Substituting into (5) yields

= 0.036 89 or 3.7% higher than Fl
FIRST PAGES
y 600(15) 20
3-29 600 lbf/ft R1 = + 3000 = 8500 lbf
3000 lbf 2 15
x 600(15) 5
5'
R1
15'
R2 R2 = 3000 = 3500 lbf
2 15
V (lbf) 3500
5500 a= = 5.833 ft
a 600
O x
3000 3500
M
3500(5.833) 20420
(lbf ft)
O x
15000
1(12) + 5(12)
(a) y = = 3 in
z 24
1
y
Iz = [2(53 ) + 6(33 ) 4(13 )] = 136 in4
3
15000(12)(3)
At x = 5 ft, y = 3 in, x = = 3970 psi
136
15000(12)5
y = 5 in, x = = 6620 psi
136
20420(12)(3)
At x = 14.17 ft, y = 3 in, x = = 5405 psi
136
20420(12)5
y = 5 in, x = = 9010 psi
136
Max tension = 6620 psi Ans.
Max compression = 9010 psi Ans.
(b) Vmax = 5500 lbf
Q n.a. = y A = 2.5(5)(2) = 25 in3
5 in
z
VQ 5500(25)
max = = = 506 psi Ans.
V Ib 136(2)
|max | 9010
(c) max = = = 4510 psi Ans.
2 2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 45
3-30
y c
F
R1 = F
a c
x l
l
c
R1 R2 M = Fx 0x a
l

6M 6(c/l) Fx 6cFx
= 2
= h= 0x a Ans.
bh bh 2 blmax
3-31 From Prob. 3-30, R1 = c

l F = V, 0x a
3V 3 (c/l) F 3 Fc
max = = h= Ans.
2 bh 2 bh 2 lbmax

6Fcx
e From Prob. 3-30 = sub in x = e and equate to h above
x lbmax
h

3 Fc 6Fce
h(x) =
2 lbmax lbmax
3 Fcmax
e= 2
Ans.
8 lbmax
3-32
F b
a b R1 = F
l
l
R1 R2 b
M = Fx
l
32M 32 b
max = = Fx
d 3 d 3 l

32 bFx 1/3
d= 0x a Ans.
lmax
3-33 t
b b
Square: Am = (b t) 2
Tsq = 2Am tall = 2(b t) 2 tall
Round: Am = (b t) 2 /4
Trd = 2(b t) 2 tall /4
FIRST PAGES
Ratio of torques
Tsq 2(b t) 2 tall 4
= = = 1.27
Trd (b t) tall /2
2
Twist per unit length
square:

2G1 t L L 4(b t)
sq = = C = C
tall A m A m (b t) 2
Round:

L (b t) 4(b t)
rd = C =C =C
A m (b t) /4
2 (b t) 2
Ratio equals 1, twists are the same.
Note the weight ratio is
Wsq l(b t) 2 bt
= = thin-walled assumes b 20t
Wrd l(b t)(t) t
19
= = 6.04 with b = 20t

= 2.86 with b = 10t
3-34 l = 40 in, all = 11 500 psi, G = 11.5(106 ) psi, t = 0.050 in

rm = ri + t/2 = ri + 0.025 for ri > 0
=0 for ri = 0

Am = (1 0.05) 2 4 rm2 rm2 = 0.952 (4 )rm2
4
L m = 4(1 0.05 2rm + 2rm /4) = 4[0.95 (2 /2)rm ]
Eq. (3-45): T = 2Am t = 2(0.05)(11 500) Am = 1150Am
Eq. (3-46):
180 T L m l 180 T L m (40) 180
(deg) = 1 l = =
4G Am t
2 4(11.5)(10 ) Am (0.05)
6 2
T Lm
= 9.9645(104 )
A2m
Equations can then be put into a spreadsheet resulting in:
ri rm Am Lm ri T(lbf in) ri (deg)

0 0 0.902 5 3.8 0 1037.9 0 4.825
0.10 0.125 0.889 087 3.585 398 0.10 1022.5 0.10 4.621
0.20 0.225 0.859 043 3.413 717 0.20 987.9 0.20 4.553
0.30 0.325 0.811 831 3.242 035 0.30 933.6 0.30 4.576
0.40 0.425 0.747 450 3.070 354 0.40 859.6 0.40 4.707
0.45 0.475 0.708 822 2.984 513 0.45 815.1 0.45 4.825
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 47
1200
1000
800
T (lbf in)
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ri (in)
4.85
4.80
4.75
(deg)
4.70
4.65
4.60
4.55
4.50
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ri (in)
Torque carrying capacity reduces with ri . However, this is based on an assumption of uni-
form stresses which is not the case for small ri . Also note that weight also goes down with
an increase in ri .
3-35 From Eq. (3-47) where 1 is the same for each leg.
1 1
T1 = G1 L 1 c13 , T2 = G1 L 2 c23
3 3
1
1
T = T1 + T2 = G1 L 1 c13 + L 2 c23 = G1 L i ci3 Ans.
3 3
1 = G1 c1 , 2 = G1 c2
max = G1 cmax Ans.
3-36
(a) max = G1 cmax
max 12 000
G1 = = = 9.6(104 ) psi/in
cmax 1/8
1 1
T1/16 = G1 (Lc3 ) 1/16 = (9.6)(104 )(5/8)(1/16) 3 = 4.88 lbf in Ans.
3 3
FIRST PAGES
1
T1/8 = (9.6)(104 )(5/8)(1/8) 3 = 39.06 lbf in Ans.
3
1/16 = 9.6(104 )1/16 = 6000 psi, 1/8 = 9.6(104 )1/8 = 12 000 psi Ans.
9.6(104 )
(b) 1 = = 87(103 ) rad/in = 0.458 /in Ans.
12(106 )
3-37 Separate strips: For each 1/16 in thick strip,
Lc2 (1)(1/16) 2 (12 000)

T = = = 15.625 lbf in
3 3
Tmax = 2(15.625) = 31.25 lbf in Ans.
For each strip,
3T l 3(15.625)(12)
= = = 0.192 rad Ans.
Lc3 G (1)(1/16) 3 (12)(106 )
kt = T / = 31.25/0.192 = 162.8 lbf in /rad Ans.
Solid strip: From Eq. (3-47),
Lc2 1(1/8) 2 12 000
Tmax = = = 62.5 lbf in Ans.
3 3
l 12 000(12)
= 1 l = = = 0.0960 rad Ans.
Gc 12(106 )(1/8)
kl = 62.5/0.0960 = 651 lbf in/rad Ans.
3-38 all = 60 MPa, H 35 kW

(a) n = 2000 rpm
9.55H 9.55(35)103
Eq. (4-40) T = = = 167.1 N m
n 2000

16T 16T 1/3 16(167.1) 1/3
max = d= = = 24.2(103 ) m 24.2 mm Ans.
d 3 max (60)10 6
(b) n = 200 rpm T = 1671 N m

16(1671) 1/3
d= = 52.2(103 ) m 52.2 mm Ans.
(60)106
3-39 all = 110 MPa, = 30 , d = 15 mm, l = ?

16T 3
= T = d
d 3 16

Tl 180
=
JG
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 49

J G d 4 G dG
l= = =
180 T 180 32 (/16) d 3 360
(0.015)(79.3)(109 )(30)
= = 2.83 m Ans.
360 110(106 )
3-40 d = 3 in, replaced by 3 in hollow with t = 1/4 in

(34 2.54 )
(a) Tsolid = (33 ) Thollow =
16 32 1.5
(/16)(33 ) (/32) [(34 2.54 )/1.5]

%
T = (100) = 48.2% Ans.
(/16)(33 )
(b) Wsolid = kd 2 = k(32 ) , Whollow = k(32 2.52 )

k(32 ) k(32 2.52 )
%
W = (100) = 69.4% Ans.
k(32 )
3-41 T = 5400 N m, all = 150 MPa

Tc 5400(d/2) 4.023(104 )
(a) = 150(106 ) = =
J (/32)[d 4 (0.75d) 4 ] d3
1/3
4.023(104 )
d= 6
= 6.45(102 ) m = 64.5 mm
150(10 )
From Table A-17, the next preferred size is d = 80 mm; ID = 60 mm Ans.

(b) J= (0.084 0.064 ) = 2.749(106 ) mm4
32
5400(0.030)
i = = 58.9(106 ) Pa = 58.9 MPa Ans.
2.749(106 )
3-42
63 025H 63 025(1)
(a) T = = = 12 605 lbf in
n 5

16T 16T 1/3 16(12 605) 1/3
= dC = = = 1.66 in Ans.
dC3 (14 000)
From Table A-17, select 1 3/4 in
16(2)(12 605)
start = = 23.96(103 ) psi = 23.96 kpsi
(1.753 )
(b) design activity
FIRST PAGES
3-43 = 2n/60 = 2(8)/60 = 0.8378 rad/s

H 1000
T = = = 1194 N m
0.8378

16T 1/3 16(1194) 1/3
dC = = = 4.328(102 ) m = 43.3 mm
(75)(10 )
6
From Table A-17, select 45 mm Ans.

3-44 s= A, d = 4A/
Square: Eq. (3-43) with b = c
4.8T
max =
c3
4.8T
(max ) sq =
( A) 3/2
16 T 16T 3.545T
Round: (max ) rd = = =
d3 (4A/) 3/2 ( A) 3/2
(max ) sq 4.8
= = 1.354
(max ) rd 3.545
Square stress is 1.354 times the round stress Ans.

3-45 s= A, d= 4A/
Square: Eq. (3-44) with b = c, = 0.141
Tl Tl
sq = =
0.141c4 G 0.141( A) 4/2 G
Round:
Tl Tl 6.2832T l
rd = = /
=
JG 4
(/32) (4A/) G2 ( A) 4/2 G
sq 1/0.141
= = 1.129
rd 6.2832
Square has greater by a factor of 1.13 Ans.
3-46 Dz
808 lbf
y Dx x
E
z
D
92.8 lbf 362.8 lbf
3.9 in
4.3 in
Cz
Q
2.7 in
Cx 362.8 lbf
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 51

MD = 7C x 4.3(92.8) 3.9(362.8) = 0
z
C x = 259.1 lbf

MC = 7Dx 2.7(92.8) + 3.9(362.8) = 0
z
Dx = 166.3 lbf
4.3
MD Cz = 808 = 496.3 lbf
x 7
2.7
MC Dz = 808 = 311.7 lbf
x 7
y 311.7 lbf 808 lbf 496.3 lbf

E
362.8 lbf
166.3 lbf
x
92.8 lbf D Q C
x z
D Q C
259.1 lbf
My
311.7(4.3) 1340 lbf in
Mz
259.1(2.7) 699.6 lbf in

O
O
166.3(4.3) 715.1 lbf in
Torque : T = 808(3.9) = 3151 lbf in

x=4.3+

in
Bending Q : M = 699.62 + 13402 = 1512 lbf in

x=4.3+
in
Torque:
16T 16(3151)
= = = 8217 psi
d 3 (1.253 )
Bending:
32(1512)
b = = 7885 psi
(1.253 )
Axial:
F 362.8
a = = = 296 psi
A (/4)(1.252 )
|max | = 7885 + 296 = 8181 psi

8181 2
max = + 82172 = 9179 psi Ans.
2
FIRST PAGES
2
7885 296 7885 296
max = + + 82172 = 12 845 psi Ans.
tens. 2 2
3-47 Ay B
x
Az 3 in
Bz
y 2.6 in 92.8 lbf By
A
P
1.3 in
z
E
92.8 lbf 808 lbf

362.8 lbf

MB = 5.6(362.8) + 1.3(92.8) + 3A y = 0
z
A y = 637.0 lbf

M A = 2.6(362.8) + 1.3(92.8) + 3B y = 0
z
B y = 274.2 lbf
5.6
M B = 0 Az = 808 = 1508.3 lbf
y 3
2.6
M A = 0 Bz = 808 = 700.3 lbf
y 3
Torsion: T = 808(1.3) = 1050 lbf in
16(1050)
= = 5348 psi
(13 )
Bending: M p = 92.8(1.3) = 120.6 lbf in

M A = 3 B y2 + Bz2 = 3 274.22 + 700.32
= 2256 lbf in = Mmax

32(2256)
b = = 22 980 psi
(13 )
92.8
Axial: = = 120 psi
inAP (/4)12
2
22980 120
max = + 53482 = 12 730 psi Ans.
2
2
22980 120 22980 120
max = + + 53482 = 24 049 psi Ans.
tens 2 2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 53
3-48
Gear F 1000 lbf in
1000
2.5R
Ft = = 400 lbf
2.5
Shaft ABCD Fn = 400 tan 20 = 145.6 lbf
Ft
y Fn
Torque at C TC = 400(5) = 2000 lbf in
RAy
666.7 lbf
2000
2000 lbf in P= = 666.7 lbf
A 3
3" B
145.6 lbf
z RAz
2000 lbf in
10"
RDy
C
C
400 lbf 5"

D x
RDz

( M A)z = 0 18R Dy 145.6(13) 666.7(3) = 0 R Dy = 216.3 lbf

( M A) y = 0 18R Dz + 400(13) = 0 R Dz = 288.9 lbf

Fy = 0 R Ay + 216.3 666.7 145.6 = 0 R Ay = 596.0 lbf

Fz = 0 R Az + 288.9 400 = 0 R Az = 111.1 lbf

M B = 3 5962 + 111.12 = 1819 lbf in

MC = 5 216.32 + 288.92 = 1805 lbf in
Maximum stresses occur at B. Ans.
32M B 32(1819)
B = = = 9486 psi
d 3 (1.253 )
16TB 16(2000)
= B =
= 5215 psi
d 3 (1.253 )

B B 2 9486 9486 2
max = + + B =
2
+ + 52152 = 11 792 psi Ans.
2 2 2 2

B 2
max = + B2 = 7049 psi Ans.
2
3-49 r = d/2
(a) For top, = 90 ,

r = [1 1 + (1 1)(1 3)cos 180] = 0 Ans.
2
FIRST PAGES

= [1 + 1 (1 + 3)cos 180] = 3 Ans.
2

r = (1 1)(1 + 3)sin 180 = 0 Ans.
2
For side, = 0 ,

r = [1 1 + (1 1)(1 3)cos 0] = 0 Ans.
2

= [1 + 1 (1 + 3)cos 0] = Ans.
2

r = (1 1)(1 + 3)sin 0 = 0 Ans.
2
(b)

1 100 3 104 1 25 3 104
/ = 1+ 2 1+ cos 180 = 2+ 2 +
2 4r 16 r 4 2 r 16 r 4
r /
3.0
5 3.000
6 2.071 2.5
7 1.646
8 1.424 2.0
9 1.297
1.5
10 1.219
11 1.167
1.0
12 1.132
13 1.107 0.5
14 1.088
15 1.074 0
0 5 10 15 20
16 1.063 r (mm)
17 1.054
18 1.048
19 1.042
20 1.037
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 55
(c)

1 100 3 104 1 25 3 104
/ = 1+ 2 1+ cos 0 =
2 4r 16 r 4 2 r2 16 r 4
r /
0.2
5 1.000
6 0.376 0
7 0.135
8 0.034 0.2
9 0.011
10 0.031 0.4
11 0.039
0.6
12 0.042
13 0.041 0.8
14 0.039
15 0.037 1.0
0 5 10 15 20
16 0.035 r (mm)
17 0.032
18 0.030
19 0.027
20 0.025
3-50
1.5
D/d = = 1.5
1
1/8
r/d = = 0.125
1
.
Fig. A-15-8: K ts = 1.39
.
Fig. A-15-9: K t = 1.60
Mc 32K t M 32(1.6)(200)(14)
A = Kt = = = 45 630 psi
I d 3 (13 )
Tc 16K ts T 16(1.39)(200)(15)
A = K ts = = = 21 240 psi
J d 3 (13 )

A A 2 45.63 45.63 2
max = + + A =
2
+ + 21.242
2 2 2 2
= 54.0 kpsi Ans.

45.63 2
max = + 21.242 = 31.2 kpsi Ans.
2
FIRST PAGES
3-51 As shown in Fig. 3-32, the maximum stresses occur at the inside fiber where r = ri . There-
fore, from Eq. (3-50)

ri2 pi ro2
t, max = 2 1+ 2
ro ri2 ri

ro2 + ri2
= pi Ans.
ro2 ri2

ri2 pi ro2
r, max = 2 1 2 = pi Ans.
ro ri2 ri
3-52 If pi = 0, Eq. (3-49) becomes

poro2 ri2ro2 po /r 2
t =
ro2 ri2

poro2 ri2
= 2 1+ 2
ro ri2 r
The maximum tangential stress occurs at r = ri . So

2 poro2
t, max = Ans.
ro2 ri2
For r , we have
poro2 + ri2ro2 po /r 2
r =
ro2 ri2

poro2 ri2
= 2 1
ro ri2 r 2
So r = 0 at r = ri . Thus at r = ro

por 2 ri2 ro2
r, max = 2 o2 = po Ans.
r o ri ro2
3-53
F = p A = rav
2
p
rav
F rav
2
p prav
t
p
1 = 2 = = = Ans.
Awall 2rav t 2t
F
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 57
3-54 t > l > r
max = (t r )/2 at r = ri where l is intermediate in value. From Prob. 4-50
1
max = (t, max r, max )
2

pi ro2 + ri2
max = +1
2 ro2 ri2
Now solve for pi using ro = 75 mm, ri = 69 mm, and max = 25 MPa. This gives
pi = 3.84 MPa Ans.
3-55 Given ro = 5 in, ri = 4.625 in and referring to the solution of Prob. 3-54,

350 (5) 2 + (4.625) 2
max = +1
2 (5) 2 (4.625) 2
= 2 424 psi Ans.
3-56 From Table A-20, S y = 57 kpsi; also, ro = 0.875 in and ri = 0.625 in

From Prob. 3-52
2 poro2
t, max =
ro2 ri2
Rearranging
2
ro ri2 (0.8S y )
po =
2ro2
Solving, gives po = 11 200 psi Ans.
3-57 From Table A-20, S y = 390 MPa; also ro = 25 mm, ri = 20 mm.

From Prob. 3-51

ro2 + ri2 ro2 ri2
t, max = pi therefore pi = 0.8S y
ro2 ri2 ro2 + ri2
solving gives pi = 68.5 MPa Ans.
3-58 Since t and r are both positive and t > r

max = (t ) max /2
where t is max at ri
Eq. (3-55) for r = ri = 0.375 in
FIRST PAGES

0.282 2(7200) 2 3 + 0.292
(t ) max =
386 60 8

(0.3752 )(52 ) 1 + 3(0.292)
0.375 + 5 +
2 2
(0.375 ) = 8556 psi
2
0.3752 3 + 0.292
8556
2

r 2r 2
Radial stress: r = k ri2 + ro2 i 2o r 2
r

dr ri2ro2
Maxima: = k 2 3 2r = 0 r = ri ro = 0.375(5) = 1.3693 in
dr r

0.282 2(7200) 2 3 + 0.292 0.3752 (52 )
(r ) max = 0.375 + 5
2 2
1.36932
386 60 8 1.36932
= 3656 psi Ans.
3-59 = 2(2069)/60 = 216.7 rad/s,

= 3320 kg/m3 , = 0.24, ri = 0.0125 m, ro = 0.15 m;
use Eq. (3-55)

3 + 0.24
t = 3320(216.7) 2
(0.0125) 2 + (0.15) 2 + (0.15) 2
8

1 + 3(0.24)
(0.0125) (10) 6
2
3 + 0.24
= 2.85 MPa Ans.
3-60
(6/16)
=
386(1/16)(/4)(62 12 )
= 5.655(104 ) lbf s2 /in
4
t
max is at bore and equals
2
Eq. (3-55)
2
2(10 000)
4 3 + 0.20 1 + 3(0.20)
(t ) max = 5.655(10 ) 0.5 + 3 + 3
2 2 2
(0.5) 2
60 8 3 + 0.20
= 4496 psi
4496
2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 59
3-61 = 2(3000)/60 = 314.2 rad/s

0.282(1.25)(12)(0.125)
m=
386
= 1.370(103 ) lbf s2 /in

F F
6"
F = m2r = 1.370(103 )(314.22 )(6)

= 811.5 lbf
Anom = (1.25 0.5)(1/8) = 0.093 75 in2
811.5
nom = = 8656 psi Ans.
0.093 75
.
Note: Stress concentration Fig. A-15-1 gives K t = 2.25 which increases max and fatigue.
3-62 to 3-67
= 0.292, E = 30 Mpsi (207 GPa), ri = 0
R = 0.75 in (20 mm), ro = 1.5 in (40 mm)
Eq. (3-57)

30(106 ) (1.52 0.752 )(0.752 0)
ppsi = = 1.5(107 ) (1)
0.753 2(1.52 0)

207(109 ) (0.042 0.022 )(0.022 0)
pPa = = 3.881(1012 ) (2)
0.0203 2(0.042 0)
3-62
1
max = [40.042 40.000] = 0.021 mm Ans.
2
1
min = [40.026 40.025] = 0.0005 mm Ans.
2
From (2)
pmax = 81.5 MPa, pmin = 1.94 MPa Ans.
3-63
1
max = (1.5016 1.5000) = 0.0008 in Ans.
2
1
min = (1.5010 1.5010) = 0 Ans.
2
Eq. (1) pmax = 12 000 psi, pmin = 0 Ans.
FIRST PAGES
3-64
1
max = (40.059 40.000) = 0.0295 mm Ans.
2
1
min = (40.043 40.025) = 0.009 mm Ans.
2
Eq. (2) pmax = 114.5 MPa, pmin = 34.9 MPa Ans.
3-65
1
max = (1.5023 1.5000) = 0.001 15 in Ans.
2
1
min = (1.5017 1.5010) = 0.000 35 in Ans.
2
Eq. (1) pmax = 17 250 psi pmin = 5250 psi Ans.
3-66
1
max = (40.076 40.000) = 0.038 mm Ans.
2
1
min = (40.060 40.025) = 0.0175 mm Ans.
2
Eq. (2) pmax = 147.5 MPa pmin = 67.9 MPa Ans.
3-67
1
max = (1.5030 1.500) = 0.0015 in Ans.
2
1
min = (1.5024 1.5010) = 0.0007 in Ans.
2
Eq. (1) pmax = 22 500 psi pmin = 10 500 psi Ans.
3-68
1
= (1.002 1.000) = 0.001 in ri = 0, R = 0.5 in, ro = 1 in
2
= 0.292, E = 30 Mpsi
Eq. (3-57)

30(106 )(0.001) (12 0.52 )(0.52 0)
p= = 2.25(104 ) psi Ans.
0.53 2(12 0)
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at ri = 0.5 in

0.52 (2.25)(104 ) 12
(t ) o = 1+ = 37 500 psi Ans.
12 0.52 0.52
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 61
Inner member, from Prob. 3-52

poro2 ri2 2.25(104 )(0.52 ) 0
(t ) i = 2 1+ 2 = 1+ = 22 500 psi Ans.
ro ri2 ro 0.52 0 0.52
3-69
i = 0.292, E i = 30(106 ) psi, o = 0.211, E o = 14.5(106 ) psi
1
= (1.002 1.000) = 0.001 in, ri = 0, R = 0.5, ro = 1
2
Eq. (3-56)
2
0.5 12 + 0.52 0.5 0.5 + 0
0.001 = + 0.211 + 0.292 p
14.5(106 ) 12 0.52 30(106 ) 0.52 0
p = 13 064 psi Ans.
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at ri = 0.5 in

0.52 (13 064) 12
(t ) o = 1+ = 21 770 psi Ans.
12 0.52 0.52
Inner member, from Prob. 3-52

13 064(0.52 ) 0
(t )i = 1+ = 13 064 psi Ans.
0.52 0 0.52
3-70
1
max = (1.003 1.000) = 0.0015 in ri = 0, R = 0.5 in, ro = 1 in
2
1
min = (1.002 1.001) = 0.0005 in
2
Eq. (3-57)

30(106 )(0.0015) (12 0.52 )(0.52 0)
pmax = = 33 750 psi Ans.
0.53 2(12 0)
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at r = 0.5 in

0.52 (33 750) 12
(t ) o = 1+ = 56 250 psi Ans.
12 0.52 0.52
For inner member, from Prob. 3-52, with r = 0.5 in
(t ) i = 33 750 psi Ans.
For min all answers are 0.0005/0.0015 = 1/3 of above answers Ans.
FIRST PAGES
3-71
i = 0.292, E i = 30 Mpsi, o = 0.334, E o = 10.4 Mpsi
1
max = (2.005 2.000) = 0.0025 in
2
1
min = (2.003 2.002) = 0.0005 in
2
2 2
1.0 2 + 12 1.0 1 +0
0.0025 = + 0.334 + 0.292 pmax
10.4(106 ) 22 12 30(106 ) 12 0
pmax = 11 576 psi Ans.
Eq. (3-50) for outer member at r = 1 in

12 (11 576) 22
(t ) o = 1 + 2 = 19 293 psi Ans.
22 12 1
Inner member from Prob. 3-52 with r = 1 in
(t ) i = 11 576 psi Ans.
For min all above answers are 0.0005/0.0025 = 1/5 Ans.
3-72
(a) Axial resistance
Normal force at fit interface
N = p A = p(2 Rl) = 2 p Rl
Fully-developed friction force
Fax = f N = 2 f p Rl Ans.
(b) Torsional resistance at fully developed friction is
T = f R N = 2 f p R 2l Ans.
3-73 d = 1 in, ri = 1.5 in, ro = 2.5 in.

From Table 3-4, for R = 0.5 in,
rc = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 in
0.52
rn =
= 1.968 245 8 in
2 2 22 0.52
e = rc rn = 2.0 1.968 245 8 = 0.031 754 in
ci = rn ri = 1.9682 1.5 = 0.4682 in
co = ro rn = 2.5 1.9682 = 0.5318 in
A = d 2 /4 = (1) 2 /4 = 0.7854 in2
M = Frc = 1000(2) = 2000 lbf in
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 63
Using Eq. (3-65)

F Mci 1000 2000(0.4682)
i = + = + = 26 300 psi Ans.
A Aeri 0.7854 0.7854(0.031 754)(1.5)
F Mco 1000 2000(0.5318)
o = = = 15 800 psi Ans.
A Aero 0.7854 0.7854(0.031 754)(2.5)
3-74 Section AA:

D = 0.75 in, ri = 0.75/2 = 0.375 in, ro = 0.75/2 + 0.25 = 0.625 in
From Table 3-4, for R = 0.125 in,
rc = (0.75 + 0.25)/2 = 0.500 in
0.1252
rn =
= 0.492 061 5 in
2 0.5 0.52 0.1252
e = 0.5 rn = 0.007 939 in
co = ro rn = 0.625 0.492 06 = 0.132 94 in
ci = rn ri = 0.492 06 0.375 = 0.117 06 in
A = (0.25) 2 /4 = 0.049 087
M = Frc = 100(0.5) = 50 lbf in
100 50(0.117 06)
i = + = 42 100 psi Ans.
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)(0.375)
100 50(0.132 94)
o = = 25 250 psi Ans.
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)(0.625)
Section BB: Abscissa angle of line of radius centers is

1 r2 + d/2
= cos
r2 + d + D/2

1 0.375 + 0.25/2
= cos = 60
0.375 + 0.25 + 0.75/2
D+d
M=F cos = 100(0.5) cos 60 = 25 lbf in
2
ri = r2 = 0.375 in
ro = r2 + d = 0.375 + 0.25 = 0.625 in
e = 0.007 939 in (as before)
Fcos Mci
i =
A Aeri
100 cos 60 25(0.117 06)
= = 19 000 psi Ans.
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)0.375
100 cos 60 25(0.132 94)
o = + = 14 700 psi Ans.
0.049 09 0.049 09(0.007 939)0.625
On section BB, the shear stress due to the shear force is zero at the surface.
FIRST PAGES
3-75 ri = 0.125 in, ro = 0.125 + 0.1094 = 0.2344 in

From Table 3-4 for h = 0.1094
rc = 0.125 + 0.1094/2 = 0.1797 in
rn = 0.1094/ln(0.2344/0.125) = 0.174 006 in
e = rc rn = 0.1797 0.174 006 = 0.005 694 in
ci = rn ri = 0.174 006 0.125 = 0.049 006 in
co = ro rn = 0.2344 0.174 006 = 0.060 394 in
A = 0.75(0.1094) = 0.082 050 in2
M = F(4 + h/2) = 3(4 + 0.1094/2) = 12.16 lbf in
3 12.16(0.0490)
i = = 10 240 psi Ans.
0.082 05 0.082 05(0.005 694)(0.125)
3 12.16(0.0604)
o = + = 6670 psi Ans.
0.082 05 0.082 05(0.005 694)(0.2344)
3-76 Find the resultant of F1 and F2 .

Fx = F1x + F2x = 250 cos 60 + 333 cos 0
= 458 lbf
Fy = F1 y + F2 y = 250 sin 60 + 333 sin 0
= 216.5 lbf
F = (4582 + 216.52 ) 1/2 = 506.6 lbf
This is the pin force on the lever which acts in a direction
Fy 216.5
= tan1 = tan1 = 25.3
Fx 458
On the 25.3 surface from F1
2000 lbf in Ft = 250 cos(60 25.3 ) = 206 lbf
25.3
142 206 Fn = 250 sin(60 25.3 ) = 142 lbf
507 rc = 1 + 3.5/2 = 2.75 in
A = 2[0.8125(0.375) + 1.25(0.375)]
= 1.546 875 in2
The denominator of Eq. (3-63), given below, has four additive parts.
A
rn =
(d A/r)
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 65

For d A/r , add the results of the following equation for each of the four rectangles.
ro
bdr ro
= b ln , b = width
ri r ri

dA 1.8125 2.1875 3.6875 4.5
= 0.375 ln + 1.25 ln + 1.25 ln + 0.375 ln
r 1 1.8125 3.3125 3.6875
= 0.666 810 6
1.546 875
rn = = 2.3198 in
0.666 810 6
e = rc rn = 2.75 2.3198 = 0.4302 in
ci = rn ri = 2.320 1 = 1.320 in
co = ro rn = 4.5 2.320 = 2.180 in
Shear stress due to 206 lbf force is zero at inner and outer surfaces.
142 2000(1.32)
i = + = 3875 psi Ans.
1.547 1.547(0.4302)(1)
142 2000(2.18)
o = = 1548 psi Ans.
1.547 1.547(0.4302)(4.5)
3-77
A = (6 2 1)(0.75) = 2.25 in2
6+2
rc = = 4 in
2
Similar to Prob. 3-76,

dA 3.5 6
= 0.75 ln + 0.75 ln = 0.635 473 4 in
r 2 4.5
A 2.25
rn = = = 3.5407 in
(d A/r) 0.635 473 4
e = 4 3.5407 = 0.4593 in
5000 20 000(3.5407 2)
i = + = 17 130 psi Ans.
2.25 2.25(0.4593)(2)
5000 20 000(6 3.5407)
o = = 5710 psi Ans.
2.25 2.25(0.4593)(6)
3-78 ro 6
2 6
A= b dr = dr = 2 ln
ri 2 r 2
= 2.197 225 in2
FIRST PAGES
ro 6
1 1 2r
rc = br dr = dr
A ri 2.197 225 2 r
2
= (6 2) = 3.640 957 in
2.197 225
A 2.197 225
rn = ro = 6
ri (b/r) dr 2
2 (2/r ) dr
2.197 225
= = 3.295 837 in
2[1/2 1/6]
e = R rn = 3.640 957 3.295 837 = 0.345 12
ci = rn ri = 3.2958 2 = 1.2958 in
co = ro rn = 6 3.2958 = 2.7042 in
20 000 20 000(3.641)(1.2958)
i = + = 71 330 psi Ans.
2.197 2.197(0.345 12)(2)
20 000 20 000(3.641)(2.7042)
o = = 34 180 psi Ans.
2.197 2.197(0.345 12)(6)
3-79 rc = 12 in, M = 20(2 + 2) = 80 kip in
3
From statics book, I = a b = (23 )1 = 2 in4
4 4
F M y rc 20 80(2) 12
Inside: i = + = + = 33.7 kpsi Ans.
A I ri 2 2 10
F M y rc 20 80(2) 12
Outside: o = = = 18.6 kpsi Ans.
A I ro 2 2 14
Note: A much more accurate solution (see the 7th edition) yields i = 32.25 kpsi and
o = 19.40 kpsi
3-80
0.4" 0.4"
0.4"R
dA
1" 1" For rectangle, = b ln ro /ri
r
A r2
For circle, =
, Ao = r 2
(d A/r) 2 rc rc2 r 2

dA
= 2 rc rc r
2 2
r
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 67
dA 2.6
= 1 ln 2 1.8 1.82 0.42 = 0.672 723 4
r 1
A = 1(1.6) (0.42 ) = 1.097 345 2 in2

1.097 345 2
rn = = 1.6312 in
0.672 723 4
e = 1.8 rn = 0.1688 in
ci = 1.6312 1 = 0.6312 in
co = 2.6 1.6312 = 0.9688 in
M = 3000(5.8) = 17 400 lbf in
3 17.4(0.6312)
i = + = 62.03 kpsi Ans.
1.0973 1.0973(0.1688)(1)
3 17.4(0.9688)
o = = 32.27 kpsi Ans.
1.0973 1.0973(0.1688)(2.6)
3-81 From Eq. (3-68)

1/3
3 2[(1 2 )/E]
a = KF 1/3
=F 1/3
8 2(1/d)
Use = 0.292, F in newtons, E in N/mm2 and d in mm, then

1/3
3 [(1 0.2922 )/207 000]
K = = 0.0346
8 1/25
3F 3F
pmax = =
2a 2 2(K F 1/3 ) 2
3F 1/3 3F 1/3
= =
2 K 2 2(0.0346) 2
= 399F 1/3 MPa = |max | Ans.
max = 0.3 pmax
= 120F 1/3 MPa Ans.
3-82 From Prob. 3-81,

1/3
3 2[(1 0.2922 )/207 000]
K = = 0.0436
8 1/25 + 0
3F 1/3 3F 1/3
pmax = = = 251F 1/3
2 K 2 2(0.0436) 2
and so, z = 251F 1/3 MPa Ans.
max = 0.3(251) F 1/3 = 75.3F 1/3 MPa Ans.
z = 0.48a = 0.48(0.0436)181/3 = 0.055 mm Ans.
FIRST PAGES
3-83 1 = 0.334, E 1 = 10.4 Mpsi, l = 2 in, d1 = 1 in, 2 = 0.211, E 2 = 14.5 Mpsi, d2 = 8 in.
With b = K c F 1/2 , from Eq. (3-73),
1/2
2 (1 0.3342 )/[10.4(106 )] + (1 0.2112 )/[14.5(106 )]
Kc =
(2) 1 0.125
= 0.000 234 6
Be sure to check x for both 1 and 2 . Shear stress is maximum in the aluminum roller. So,
max = 0.3 pmax
4000
pmax = = 13 300 psi
0.3
Since pmax = 2F/(bl) we have
2F 2F 1/2
pmax = =
l K c F 1/2 l K c
So,
2
l K c pmax
F=
2
2
(2)(0.000 234 6)(13 300)
=
2
= 96.1 lbf Ans.
3-84 Good class problem
3-85 From Table A-5, = 0.211

x 1 1
= (1 + ) = (1 + 0.211) = 0.711
pmax 2 2
y
= 0.711
pmax
z
=1
pmax
These are principal stresses
max 1 1
= (1 3 ) = (1 0.711) = 0.1445
pmax 2 2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 3 69
3-86 From Table A-5: 1 = 0.211, 2 = 0.292, E 1 = 14.5(106 ) psi, E 2 = 30(106 ) psi, d1 = 6 in,
d2 = , l = 2 in

2(800) (1 0.2112 )/14.5(106 ) + (1 0.2922 )/[30(106 )]
(a) Eq. (3-73): b =
(2) 1/6 + 1/
= 0.012 135 in
2(800)
pmax = = 20 984 psi
(0.012 135)(2)
For z = 0 in,
x 1 = 21 pmax = 2(0.211)20 984 = 8855 psi in wheel
x 2 = 2(0.292)20 984 = 12 254 psi
In plate
y = pmax = 20 984 psi
z = 20 984 psi
These are principal stresses.
(b) For z = 0.010 in,
x1 = 4177 psi in wheel
x2 = 5781 psi in plate
y = 3604 psi
z = 16 194 psi
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4
4-1
(a) F
k1 k2 k3 y
F F F F
k= ; y= + +
y k1 k2 k3
1
so k= Ans.
(1/k1 ) + (1/k2 ) + (1/k3 )
(b)
F = k1 y + k2 y + k3 y
k1 F
k2 y k = F/y = k1 + k2 + k3 Ans.
k3
(c) 1
1 1 1 1 1
k2
= + k= +
k1 k k1 k2 + k3 k1 k2 + k3
k3
4-2 For a torsion bar, k T = T / = Fl/, and so = Fl/k T . For a cantilever, kC = F/,
= F/kC . For the assembly, k = F/y, y = F/k = l +
F Fl 2 F
So y= = +
k kT kC
1
Or k= Ans.
(l 2 /k T ) + (1/kC )
4-3 For a torsion bar, k = T/ = GJ/l where J = d 4 /32. So k = d 4 G/(32l) = K d 4 /l . The

springs, 1 and 2, are in parallel so
d4 d4
k = k1 + k2 = K +K
l1 l2

4 1 1
= Kd +
x lx
T T
And = =
k 1 1
K d4 +
x lx
K d4 K d 4
Then T = k = +
x lx
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 71
K d4 K d 4
Thus T1 = ; T2 =
x lx
If x = l/2, then T1 = T2 . If x < l/2, then T1 > T2
Using = 16T /d 3 and = 32T l/(Gd 4 ) gives
d 3
T =
16
and so
32l d 3 2lall
all = 4
=
Gd 16 Gd
Thus, if x < l/2, the allowable twist is
2xall
all = Ans.
Gd

4 1 1
Since k = Kd +
x lx

Gd 4 1 1
= + Ans.
32 x lx
Then the maximum torque is found to be

d 3 xall 1 1
Tmax = + Ans.
16 x lx
4-4 Both legs have the same twist angle. From Prob. 4-3, for equal shear, d is linear in x. Thus,
d1 = 0.2d2 Ans.

G (0.2d2 )4 d24 G
k= + = 1.258d24 Ans.
32 0.2l 0.8l 32l
2(0.8l)all
all = Ans.
Gd2
Tmax = kall = 0.198d23 all Ans.
4-5
F A = r 2 = (r1 + x tan )2
r1
Fdx Fdx
d = =
AE E(r1 + x tan ) 2
x l

F dx
=
l
E 0 (r1 + x tan ) 2
dx l
F 1
=
E tan (r1 + x tan ) 0
F 1
=
E r1 (r1 + l tan )
F
FIRST PAGES
Then
F Er1 (r1 + l tan )
k= =
l

E A1 2l
= 1 + tan Ans.
l d1
4-6

F = (T + dT ) + w dx T = 0
dT
Enlarged free
body of length dx
= w
x dx
T
l
Solution is T = wx + c
dx wdx T |x=0 = P + wl = c
T = wx + P + wl
T dT
T = P + w(l x)
w is cables weight
per foot
The infinitesmal stretch of the free body of original length dx is

T dx
d =
AE
P + w(l x)
= dx
AE
Integrating,
l [P + w(l x)] dx
=
0 AE
Pl wl 2
= + Ans.
AE 2AE
4-7
wl 2 wx 2
M = wlx
2 2
dy wlx 2 wl 2 wx 3 dy
EI = x + C1 , = 0 at x = 0, C1 = 0
dx 2 2 6 dx
wlx 3 wl 2 x 2 wx 4
EIy = + C2 , y = 0 at x = 0, C2 = 0
6 4 24
wx 2
y= (4lx 6l 2 x 2 ) Ans.
24E I
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 73
4-8
M = M1 = M B
dy dy
EI = M B x + C1 , = 0 at x = 0, C1 = 0
dx dx
MB x 2
EIy = + C2 , y = 0 at x = 0, C2 = 0
2
MB x 2
y= Ans.
2E I
4-9

2
y
dy
ds
dy ds = dx 2 + dy 2 = dx 1 +
dx
dx
Expand right-hand term by Binomial theorem

2 1/2
dy 1 dy 2
1+ =1+ +
dx 2 dx
Since dy/dx is small compared to 1, use only the first two terms,
d = ds dx

1 dy 2
= dx 1 + dx
2 dx

1 dy 2
= dx
2 dx

1 l dy 2
= dx Ans.
2 0 dx
This contraction becomes important in a nonlinear, non-breaking extension spring.
w
4-10 y = C x 2 (4lx x 2 6l 2 ) where C =
24E I
dy
= C x(12lx 4x 12l ) = 4C x(3lx x 2 3l 2 )
2 2
dx
2
dy
= 16C 2 (15l 2 x 4 6lx 5 18x 3l 3 + x 6 + 9l 4 x 2 )
dx
l 2 l
1 dy
= dx = 8C 2
(15l 2 x 4 6lx 5 18x 3l 3 + x 6 + 9l 4 x 2 ) dx
2 dx
0 w 2 9
0
9 1 w 2 7
= 8C 2 l7 = 8 l7 = l Ans.
14 24E I 14 112 E I
FIRST PAGES
w
4-11 y = C x(2lx 2 x 3 l 3 ) where C =
24E I
dy
= C(6lx 4x l )
2 3 3
dx
2
dy
= C 2 (36l 2 x 4 48lx 5 12l 4 x 2 + 16x 6 + 8x 3l 3 + l 6 )
dx
l 2 l
1 dy 1 2
= dx = C (36l 2 x 4 48lx 5 12l 4 x 2 + 16x 6 + 8x 3l 3 + l 6 ) dx
2 dx 2
0 0

17 7 w 2 17 7 17 w 2 7
=C 2
l = l = l Ans.
70 24E I 70 40 320 E I
4-12
I = 2(5.56) = 11.12 in4
wl 4 Fa 2
ymax = y1 + y2 = + (a 3l)
8E I 6E I
Here w = 50/12 = 4.167 lbf/in, and a = 7(12) = 84 in, and l = 10(12) = 120 in.
4.167(120) 4
y1 = = 0.324 in
8(30)(106 )(11.12)
600(84) 2 [3(120) 84]
y2 = = 0.584 in
6(30)(106 )(11.12)
So ymax = 0.324 0.584 = 0.908 in Ans.

M0 = Fa (wl 2 /2)
= 600(84) [4.167(120) 2 /2]
= 80 400 lbf in
c = 4 1.18 = 2.82 in
M y (80 400)(2.82)
max = = (103 )
I 11.12
= 20.4 kpsi Ans.
max is at the bottom of the section.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 75
4-13
800 lbf 600 lbf 7 5
RO = (800) + (600) = 860 lbf
3 ft 2 ft 5 ft C 10 10
O
A B
3 5
RO RC RC = (800) + (600) = 540 lbf
V (lbf)
10 10
860
60
O
540
M1 = 860(3)(12) = 30.96(103 ) lbf in
M
M1 M2 M2 = 30.96(103 ) + 60(2)(12)
(lbf in)
= 32.40(103 ) lbf in
Mmax 32.40
max = 6= Z = 5.4 in3
Z Z
2
F1 a[l (l/2)] l l F2l 3
y|x=5ft = + a 2l
2

6E I l 2 2 48E I
1 800(36)(60) 600(1203 )
= [602
+ 362
1202
]
16 6(30)(106 ) I (120) 48(30)(106 ) I
I = 23.69 in4 I /2 = 11.84 in4
Select two 6 in-8.2 lbf/ft channels; from Table A-7, I = 2(13.1) = 26.2 in4 , Z = 2(4.38) in3

23.69 1
ymax = = 0.0565 in
26.2 16
32.40
max = = 3.70 kpsi
2(4.38)
4-14

(404 ) = 125.66(103 ) mm4
I =
64
Superpose beams A-9-6 and A-9-7,
1500(600)400
yA = 9 3
(4002 + 6002 10002 )(103 ) 2
6(207)10 (125.66)10 (1000)
2000(400)
+ [2(1000)4002 4003 10003 ]103
24(207)109 (125.66)103
y A = 2.061 mm Ans.
1500(400)500
y|x=500 = [5002 + 4002 2(1000)500](103 ) 2
24(207)109 (125.66)103 (1000)
5(2000)10004
103 = 2.135 mm Ans.
384(207)109 (125.66)103
2.135 2.061
% difference = (100) = 3.59% Ans.
2.061
FIRST PAGES
4-15
1
I = (9)(353 ) = 32. 156(103 ) mm4
12
From Table A-9-10
Fa 2
A
F
yC = (l + a)
A E B a 3E I
D C
dy AB Fa 2
a = (l 3x 2 )
dx 6E I l
Thus,
Fal 2 Fal
A =
=
6E I l 6E I
Fa 2l
y D = A a =
6E I
With both loads,
Fa 2l Fa 2
yD = (l + a)
6E I 3E I
Fa 2 500(2502 )
= (3l + 2a) = [3(500) + 2(250)](103 ) 2
6E I 6(207)(109 )(32.156)(103 )
= 1.565 mm Ans.
2
2Fa(l/2) 2 l Fal 2
yE = l =
6E I l 2 8E I
500(250)(5002 )(103 ) 2
= = 0.587 mm Ans.
8(207)(109 )(32.156)(103 )
4-16 a = 36 in, l = 72 in, I = 13 in4, E = 30 Mpsi

F1 a 2 F2l 3
y= (a 3l)
6E I 3E I
400(36) 2 (36 216) 400(72) 3
=
6(30)(106 )(13) 3(30)(106 )(13)
= 0.1675 in Ans.
4-17 I = 2(1.85) = 3.7 in4

Adding the weight of the channels, 2(5)/12 = 0.833 lbf/in,
wl 4 Fl 3 10.833(484 ) 220(483 )
yA = =
8E I 3E I 8(30)(106 )(3.7) 3(30)(106 )(3.7)
= 0.1378 in Ans.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 77
4-18
I = d 4 /64 = (2)4 /64 = 0.7854 in4
Tables A-9-5 and A-9-9
F2l 3 F1 a
y = + (4a 2 3l 2 )
48E I 24E I
120(40) 3 85(10)(400 4800)
= + = 0.0134 in Ans.
48(30)(10 )(0.7854) 24(30)(106 )(0.7854)
6
4-19
(a) Useful relations
F 48E I
k= = 3
y l
kl 3 2400(48) 3
I = = = 0.1843 in4
48E 48(30)106
From I = bh 3 /12

12(0.1843)
h= 3
b
Form a table. First, Table A-17 gives likely available fractional sizes for b:
8 12 , 9, 9 12 , 10 in
For h:
1 9 5 11 3
, , , ,
2 16 8 16 4
For available b what is necessary h for required I?

3
12(0.1843)
b b
8.5 0.638 5"
9.0 0.626 choose 9" Ans.
9.5 0.615 8
10.0 0.605
(b)
I = 9(0.625)3 /12 = 0.1831 in4
48E I 48(30)(106 )(0.1831)
k= = = 2384 lbf/in
l3 483
4 I 4(90 000)(0.1831)
F= = = 4394 lbf
cl (0.625/2)(48)
F 4394
y= = = 1.84 in Ans.
k 2384
FIRST PAGES
4-20
z
R1 353 lbf 502 lbf
12" A 21" 15" C

x
O B
680 lbf R2 175 lbf
Torque = (600 80)(9/2) = 2340 lbf in

12
(T2 T1 ) = T2 (1 0.125)(6) = 2340
2
2340
T2 = = 446 lbf, T1 = 0.125(446) = 56 lbf
6(0.875)

M0 = 12(680) 33(502) + 48R2 = 0
33(502) 12(680)
R2 = = 175 lbf
48
R1 = 680 502 + 175 = 353 lbf
We will treat this as two separate problems and then sum the results.
First, consider the 680 lbf load as acting alone.
z
R1 510 lbf R2 170 lbf
x
O 12" A 21" B 15" C
680 lbf
Fbx 2
zO A = (x + b2 l 2 ); here b = 36 ",
6E I l
x = 12", l = 48", F = 680 lbf
Also,
d 4 (1.5) 4
I = = = 0.2485 in4
64 64
680(36)(12)(144 + 1296 2304)
zA =
6(30)(106 )(0.2485)(48)
= +0.1182 in
Fa(l x) 2
z AC = (x + a 2 2lx)
6E I l
where a = 12" and x = 21 + 12 = 33"

680(12)(15)(1089 + 144 3168)
zB =
6(30)(106 )(0.2485)(48)
= +0.1103 in
Next, consider the 502 lbf load as acting alone.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 79
z
502 lbf
12" A 21" B 15" C

O x
R1 R2
Fbx 2
zO B = (x + b2 l 2 ), where b = 15 ",
6E I l
x = 12", l = 48", I = 0.2485 in4
502(15)(12)(144 + 225 2304)
Then, zA = = 0.081 44 in
6(30)(106 )(0.2485)(48)
For z B use x = 33"
502(15)(33)(1089 + 225 2304)
zB =
6(30)(106 )(0.2485)(48)
= 0.1146 in
Therefore, by superposition
z A = +0.1182 0.0814 = +0.0368 in Ans.
z B = +0.1103 0.1146 = 0.0043 in Ans.
4-21
(a) Calculate torques and moment of inertia
T = (400 50)(16/2) = 2800 lbf in
(8T2 T2 )(10/2) = 2800 T2 = 80 lbf, T1 = 8(80) = 640 lbf

I = (1.254 ) = 0.1198 in4
64
y
RO 720 lbf 450 lbf
9" 11" B 12"

O
A C
RB
Due to 720 lbf, flip beam A-9-6 such that y AB b = 9, x = 0, l = 20, F = 720 lbf

dy Fb
B = = (3x 2 + b2 l 2 )
dx x=0 6E I l
720(9)
= (0 + 81 400) = 4.793(103 ) rad
6(30)(106 )(0.1198)(20)
yC = 12 B = 0.057 52 in
Due to 450 lbf, use beam A-9-10,
Fa 2 450(144)(32)
yC = (l + a) = = 0.1923 in
3E I 3(30)(106 )(0.1198)
FIRST PAGES
Adding the two deflections,

yC = 0.057 52 0.1923 = 0.2498 in Ans.
(b) At O:
Due to 450 lbf:

dy Fa 2 2
Fal
= (l 3x ) =
dx x=0 6E I l x=0 6E I
720(11)(0 + 112 400) 450(12)(20)

O = 6
+ = 0.010 13 rad = 0.5805
6(30)(10 )(0.1198)(20) 6(30)(106 )(0.1198)
At B:
450(12)
B = 4.793(103 ) + [202 3(202 )]
6(30)(106 )(0.1198)(20)
= 0.014 81 rad = 0.8485

0.8485
I = 0.1198 = 1.694 in4
0.06

64I 1/4 64(1.694) 1/4
d= = = 2.424 in

Use d = 2.5 in Ans.

I = (2.54 ) = 1.917 in4
64

0.1198
yC = 0.2498 = 0.015 61 in Ans.
1.917
4-22
(a) l = 36(12) = 432 in
y
5wl 4 5(5000/12)(432) 4
ymax = =
384E I 384(30)(106 )(5450)
= 1.16 in
The frame is bowed up 1.16 in with respect to the bolsters. It is fabricated upside down
and then inverted. Ans.
(b) The equation in xy-coordinates is for the center sill neutral surface
wx
y= (2lx 2 x 3 l 3 ) Ans.
24E I
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 81
Differentiating this equation and solving for the slope at the left bolster gives
dy w
= (6lx 2 4x 3 l 3 )
dx 24E I

dy wl 3 (5000/12)(432) 3
Thus, = =
dx x=0 24E I 24(30)(106 )(5450)
= 0.008 57
The slope at the right bolster is 0.008 57, so equation at left end is y = 0.008 57x and
at the right end is y = 0.008 57(x l). Ans.
4-23 From Table A-9-6,

Fbx 2
yL = (x + b2 l 2 )
6E I l
Fb 3
yL = (x + b2 x l 2 x)
6E I l
dy L Fb
= (3x 2 + b2 l 2 )
dx 6E I l

dy L Fb(b2 l 2 )
=
dx x=0 6E I l

Fb(b2 l 2 )
Let
=
6E I l
d L4
And set I =
64
And solve for d L

32Fb(b2 l 2 ) 1/4

dL = Ans.
3 El
For the other end view, observe the figure of Table A-9-6 from the back of the page, noting
that a and b interchange as do x and x

32Fa(l 2 a 2 ) 1/4

dR = Ans.
3 El
For a uniform diameter shaft the necessary diameter is the larger of d L and d R .
FIRST PAGES
4-24 Incorporating a design factor into the solution for d L of Prob. 4-23,
3.5 kN 1/4
32n
100 150 d= Fb(l b )
2 2
3 El

9 ) 1/4
d kN mm 3
10 3
(10
250
= (mm 10 )3
GPa mm 109 (103 )

32(1.28)(3.5)(150)|(2502 1502 )| 12
d=4 10
3(207)(250)(0.001)
= 36.4 mm Ans.
4-25 The maximum occurs in the right section. Flip beam A-9-6 and use
Fbx 2
y= (x + b2 l 2 ) where b = 100 mm
6E I l
dy Fb
= (3x 2 + b2 l 2 ) = 0
dx 6E I l
Solving for x,

l 2 b2 2502 1002
x= = = 132.29 mm from right
3 3
3.5(103 )(0.1)(0.132 29)
y= [0.132 292 + 0.12 0.252 ](103 )
6(207)(109 )(/64)(0.03644 )(0.25)
= 0.0606 mm Ans.
4-26
y
The slope at x = 0 due to F1 in the xy plane is
a1 F1
F1 b1 b12 l 2
b1
x y =
6E I l
z
a2
and in the xz plane due to F2 is

F2 b2 F2 b2 b22 l 2
x
x z =
6E I l
For small angles, the slopes add as vectors. Thus

1/2
L = x2y + x2z
2 2 2 2 1/2
F1 b1 b1 l 2
F2 b2 b2 l 2
= +
6E I l 6E I l
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 83
Designating the slope constraint as , we then have

1 2 1/2
= | L | = Fi bi bi2 l 2
6E I l
Setting I = d 4 /64 and solving for d

32 2 2 1/2 1/4
d = Fi bi bi l 2

3 El
For the LH bearing, E = 30 Mpsi, = 0.001, b1 = 12, b2 = 6, and l = 16. The result is
d L = 1.31 in. Using a similar flip beam procedure, we get d R = 1.36 in for the RH bearing.
So use d = 1 3/8 in Ans.

4-27 I = (1.3754 ) = 0.17546 in4 . For the xy plane, use yBC of Table A-9-6
64
100(4)(16 8)
y= [82 + 42 2(16)8] = 1.115(103 ) in
6(30)(106 )(0.17546)(16)
For the xz plane use yAB
300(6)(8)
z= [82 + 62 162 ] = 4.445(103 ) in
6(30)(106 )(0.17546)(16)
= (1.115j 4.445k)(103 ) in
|| = 4.583(103 ) in Ans.
1/2 1/4
32n 2
d L =
2
4-28 Fi bi bi l 2
3 El

32(1.5)
= [3.5(150)(1502 2502 )]2
3(207)(109 )(250)0.001 1/4
/
(103 ) 3
1 2
+ [2.7(75)(752 2502 )]2
= 39.2 mm

32(1.5)
d R = [3.5(100)(1002 2502 )]2
3(207)109 (250)0.001 1/4
/
(103 ) 3
1 2
+ [2.7(175)(1752 2502 )]2
= 39.1 mm
Choose d 39.2 mm Ans.
4-29 From Table A-9-8 we have

MB x 2
yL = (x + 3a 2 6al + 2l 2 )
6E I l
dy L MB
= (3x 2 + 3a 2 6al + 2l 2 )
dx 6E I l
FIRST PAGES
At x = 0, the LH slope is
dy L MB
L = = (3a 2 6al + 2l 2 )
dx 6E I l
from which
MB 2
= | L | = (l 3b2 )
6E I l
Setting I = d 4 /64 and solving for d

32M B (l 2 3b2 ) 1/4
d=
3 El
For a multiplicity of moments, the slopes add vectorially and

32 2 1/2 1/4
dL = Mi l 3bi 2 2
3 El
1/2 1/4
32 2
d R =
2
Mi 3ai l 2
3 El
The greatest slope is at the LH bearing. So

32(1200)[92 3(42 )] 1/4
d = = 0.706 in
3(30)(106 )(9)(0.002)
So use d = 3/4 in Ans.
4-30
RO FAC 80 lbf 6FAC = 18(80)
6 12
B
FAC = 240 lbf
R O = 160 lbf
1
I = (0.25)(23 ) = 0.1667 in4
12
Initially, ignore the stretch of AC. From Table A-9-10
Fa 2 80(122 )
yB1 = (l + a) = (6 + 12) = 0.041 47 in
3E I 3(10)(106 )(0.1667)

FL 240(12)
Stretch of AC: = = 2 6
= 1.4668(103 ) in
AE AC (/4)(1/2) (10)(10 )
Due to stretch of AC
y B 2 = 3 = 4.400(103 ) in
By superposition, y B = 0.041 47 0.0044 = 0.045 87 in Ans.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 85
4-31
TL (0.1F)(1.5)
= = = 9.292(104 ) F
JG (/32)(0.0124 )(79.3)(109 )
Due to twist
B 1 = 0.1() = 9.292(105 ) F
Due to bending
F L3 F(0.13 )
B2 = = = 1.582(106 ) F
3E I 3(207)(109 )(/64)(0.0124 )
B = 1.582(106 ) F + 9.292(105 ) F = 9.450(105 ) F
1
k= = 10.58(103 ) N/m = 10.58 kN/m Ans.
9.450(105 )
4-32
F
A a B b C
Fb Fa
l R1 = R2 =
R1 R2 l l
R1 R2
1 2 1 = 2 =
k1 k2
Spring deflection

1 2 Fb Fb Fa
yS = 1 + x = + x
l k1l k1l 2 k2l 2

Fbx 2 Fx b a Fb
y AB = (x + b l ) + 2
2 2
Ans.
6E I l l k1 k2 k1l

Fa(l x) 2 Fx b a Fb
y BC = (x + a 2lx) + 2
2
Ans.
6E I l l k1 k2 k1l
4-33 See Prob. 4-32 for deflection due to springs. Replace Fb/l and Fa/l with wl/2

wl wl wl wx 1 1 wl
yS = + x= +
2k1 2k1l 2k2l 2 k1 k2 2k1

wx wx 1 1 wl
y= (2lx x l ) +
2 3 3
+ Ans.
24E I 2 k1 k2 2k1
FIRST PAGES
4-34 Let the load be at x > l/2. The maximum deflection will be in Section AB (Table A-9-10)
Fbx 2
y AB = (x + b2 l 2 )
6E I l
dy AB Fb
= (3x 2 + b2 l 2 ) = 0 3x 2 + b2 l 2 = 0
dx 6E I l

l b
2 2 l2
x= , xmax = = 0.577l Ans.
3 3
For x < l/2 xmin = l 0.577l = 0.423l Ans.
4-35
50 lbf/ft 600 lbf M O = 50(10)(60) + 600(84)
O
7'
A
B
= 80 400 lbf in
MO
10'
RO R O = 50(10) + 600 = 1100 lbf
I = 11.12 in4 from Prob. 4-12
4.167x 2
M = 80 400 + 1100x 600x 841
2
dy
EI = 80 400x + 550x 2 0.6944x 3 300x 842 + C1
dx
dy
= 0 at x = 0 C1 = 0
dx
E I y = 402 00x 2 + 183.33x 3 0.1736x 4 100x 843 + C2
y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0
1
yB = [40 200(1202 ) + 183.33(1203 )
30(106 )(11.12)
0.1736(1204 ) 100(120 84) 3 ]
= 0.9075 in Ans.
4-36 See Prob. 4-13 for reactions: R O = 860 lbf, RC = 540 lbf
M = 860x 800x 361 600x 601
dy
EI = 430x 2 400x 362 300x 602 + C1
dx
E I y = 143.33x 3 133.33x 363 100x 603 + C1 x + C2
y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = 120 in C1 = 1.2254(106 ) lbf in2
Substituting C1 and C2 and evaluating at x = 60,

1
E I y = 30(10 ) I
6
= 143.33(603 ) 133.33(60 36) 3 1.2254(106 )(60)
16
I = 23.68 in4
Agrees with Prob. 4-13. The rest of the solution is the same.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 87
4-37

I = (404 ) = 125.66(103 ) mm4
64
600
R O = 2(500) + 1500 = 1900 N
1000
2000 2
M = 1900x x 1500x 0.41 where x is in meters
2
dy 1000 3
EI = 950x 2 x 750x 0.42 + C1
dx 3
900 3 250 4
EIy = x x 250x 0.43 + C1 x + C2
3 3
y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = 1 m C1 = 179.33 N m2
Substituting C1 and C2 and evaluating y at x = 0.4 m,

1 950 250
yA = (0.4 )
3
(0.4 ) 179.33(0.4) 103
4
207(109 )125.66(109 ) 3 3
= 2.061 mm Ans.

1 950 250
y|x=500 = 9 9
(0.53
) (0.54 )
207(10 )125.66(10 ) 3 3

250(0.5 0.4) 179.33(0.5) 103
3
= 2.135 mm Ans.
2.135 2.061
% difference = (100) = 3.59% Ans.
2.061
4-38
w(l a) w(l + a)[(l a)/2)]
R1 =
l
la
w
= (l 2 a 2 )
2 a
R1 R2
2l
w w
R2 = w(l + a) (l 2 a 2 ) = (l + a) 2
2l 2l
w wx 2
w
M = (l 2 a 2 )x + (l + a) 2 x l1
2l 2 2l
dy w 2 w w
EI = (l a 2 )x 2 x 3 + (l + a) 2 x l2 + C1
dx 4l 6 4l
w 2 w w
EIy = (l a 2 )x 3 x 4 + (l + a) 2 x l3 + C1 x + C2
12l 24 12l
y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = l
FIRST PAGES
w 2 w wl
0= (l a 2 )l 3 l 4 + C1l C1 = (2a 2 l 2 )
12l 24 24
w
y= [2(l 2 a 2 )x 3 lx 4 + 2(l + a) 2 x l3 + l 2 (2a 2 l 2 )x] Ans.
24E I l
1
4-39 R A = R B = 500 N, and I = (9)353 = 32.156(103 ) mm4
12
For first half of beam, M = 500x + 500x 0.251 where x is in meters
dy
EI = 250x 2 + 250x 0.252 + C1
dx
At x = 0.5 m, dy/dx = 0 0 = 250(0.52 ) + 250(0.5 0.250) 2 + C1 C1 = 46.875 N m2
250 3 250
EIy = x + x 0.253 + 46.875x + C2
3 3
250
y = 0 at x = 0.25 m 0 = 0.253 + 46.875(0.25) + C2 C2 = 10.417 N m3
3
250 3 250
EIy = x + x 0.253 + 46.875x 10.42
3 3
Evaluating y at A and the center,

1 250 3 250 3
yA = 9 9
(0 ) + (0) + 46.875(0) 10.417 103
207(10 )32. 156(10 ) 3 3
= 1.565 mm Ans.

1 250 250
y|x=0.5m = 9 9
(0.53 ) + (0.5 0.25) 3
207(10 )32.156(10 ) 3 3
+ 46.875(0.5) 10.417 103
= 2.135 mm Ans.
4-40 From Prob. 4-30, R O = 160 lbf , FAC = 240 lbf I = 0.1667 in4
M = 160x + 240x 61

dy
EI = 80x 2 + 120x 62 + C1
dx
E I y = 26.67x 3 + 40x 63 + C1 x + C2
y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0

FL 240(12)
yA = = 2 6
= 1.4668(103 ) in
AE AC (/4)(1/2) (10)(10 )
at x = 6
10(106 )(0.1667)(1.4668)(103 ) = 26.67(63 ) + C1 (6)
C1 = 552.58 lbf in2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 89
1
yB = [26.67(183 ) + 40(18 6) 3 + 552.58(18)]
10(106 )(0.1667)
= 0.045 87 in Ans.
4-41
4
I1 = (1.54 ) = 0.2485 in4 I2 = (2 ) = 0.7854 in4
64 64 MI
200
R1 = (12) = 1200 lbf
2
200
For 0 x 16 in,M = 1200x x 42 x
2
M 1200x 1 1 1 1 100
= 4800 x 4 1200
0
x 41 x 42
I I1 I1 I2 I1 I2 I2
= 4829x 13 204x 40 3301.1x 41 127.32x 42
dy
E = 2414.5x 2 13 204x 41 1651x 42 42.44x 43 + C1
dx
dy
Boundary Condition: = 0 at x = 10 in
dx
0 = 2414.5(102 ) 13 204(10 4) 1 1651(10 4) 2 42.44(10 4) 3 + C1
C1 = 9.362(104 )
E y = 804.83x 3 6602x 42 550.3x 43 10.61x 44 9.362(104 )x + C2
y=0 at x = 0 C2 = 0
For 0 x 16 in
1
y= [804.83x 3 6602x 42 550.3x 43
30(106 )
10.61x 44 9.362(104 )x] Ans.
at x = 10 in
1
y|x=10 = [804.83(103 ) 6602(10 4) 2 550.3(10 4) 3
30(106 )
10.61(10 4) 4 9.362(104 )(10)]
= 0.016 72 in Ans.
4-42 q = Fx1 Flx2 Fx l1
Integrations produce
V = Fx0 Flx1 Fx l0

M = Fx1 Flx0 Fx l1 = F x Fl
FIRST PAGES
Plots for M and M/I are shown below
l2 l2
y
F
A 2I1 B I1 C x
Fl
F
M
O x
Fl2
Fl
MI
O x
Fl4I1
Fl2I1 Fl2I1
M/I can be expressed by singularity functions as

M F Fl Fl l 0 F l 1
= x x + x
I 2I1 2I1 4I1 2 2I1 2
where the step down and increase in slope at x = l/2 are given by the last two terms.
Since E d 2 y/dx 2 = M/I, two integrations yield

dy F 2 Fl Fl l 1 F l 2
E = x x x + x + C1
dx 4I1 2I1 4I1 2 4I1 2

F 3 Fl 2 Fl l 2 F l 3
Ey = x x x + x + C1 x + C2
12I1 4I1 8I1 2 12I1 2
At x = 0, y = dy/dx = 0. This gives C1 = C2 = 0, and
2 3
F l l
y= 2x 3 6lx 2 3l x +2 x
24E I1 2 2
At x = l/2 and l,
2
F l 3 l 5Fl 3
y|x=l/2 = 2 6l 3l(0) + 2(0) = Ans.
24E I1 2 2 96E I1
2 3
F l l 3Fl 3
y|x=l = 2(l) 3 6l(l) 2 3l l +2 l = Ans.
24E I1 2 2 16E I1
The answers are identical to Ex. 4-11.
4-43 Define i j as the deflection in the direction of the load at station i due to a unit load at station j.
If U is the potential energy of strain for a body obeying Hookes law, apply P1 first. Then
1
U= P1 ( P1 11 )
2
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 91
When the second load is added, U becomes

1 1
U= P1 ( P1 11 ) + P2 ( P2 22 ) + P1 ( P2 12 )
2 2
For loading in the reverse order
1 1
U
= P2 ( P2 22 ) + P1 ( P1 11 ) + P2 ( P1 21 )
2 2
Since the order of loading is immaterial U = U
and
P1 P2 12 = P2 P1 21 when P1 = P2 , 12 = 21
which states that the deflection at station 1 due to a unit load at station 2 is the same as the
deflection at station 2 due to a unit load at 1. is sometimes called an influence coefficient.
4-44
(a) From Table A-9-10 400 lbf
y a b c
Fcx(l 2 x 2 )
y AB =
6E I l A B
x

y ca(l 2 a 2 )
1 2
12 = =
F x=a 6E I l 9" 7"
23"
Fca(l 2 a 2 )
y2 = F21 = F12 =
6E I l
d 4
Substituting I =
64
400(7)(9)(232 92 )(64)
y2 = = 0.00347 in Ans.
6(30)(106 )()(2) 4 (23)
(b) The slope of the shaft at left bearing at x = 0 is
Fb(b2 l 2 )
=
6E I l
Viewing the illustration in Section 6 of Table A-9 from the back of the page provides
the correct view of this problem. Noting that a is to be interchanged with b and x
with x leads to
Fa(l 2 a 2 ) Fa(l 2 a 2 )(64)
= =
6E I l 6Ed 4l
400(9)(232 92 )(64)
= = 0.000 496 in/in
6(30)(106 )()(2) 4 (23)
So y2 = 7 = 7(0.000 496) = 0.00347 in Ans.
FIRST PAGES
4-45 Place a dummy load Q at the center. Then,

wx Qx
M= (l x) +
2 2
l/2 2
M dx U
U =2 , ymax =
0 2E I Q Q=0
l/2
2M M
ymax = 2 dx
0 2E I Q Q=0
l/2 !
2 wx Qx x
ymax = (l x) + dx
EI 0 2 2 2 Q=0
Set Q = 0 and integrate
l/2
w lx 3 x 4
ymax =
2E I 3 4 0
4
5wl
ymax = Ans.
384E I
4-46
I = 2(1.85) = 3.7 in4
Adding weight of channels of 0.833 lbf in,
10.833 2 M
M = F x x = F x 5.417x 2 = x
2 F
48 48
1 M 1
B = M dx = ( F x + 5.417x 2 )(x) dx
EI 0 F EI 0
(220/3)(483 ) + (5.417/4)(484 )
= = 0.1378 in in direction of 220 lbf
30(106 )(3.7)
y B = 0.1378 in Ans.
4-47
2
1 1
IO B = (0.25)(23 ) = 0.1667 in4 , A AC = = 0.196 35 in2
12 4 2
FAC
FAC = 3F, =3
F
2F FAC 3F F right left
O
A B M = F x M = 2F x
6" 12"
x x M M
= x = 2x
F F
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 93
l 2
1 FAC L AC
U= M dx + 2
2E I 0 2A AC E
l
U 1 M FAC ( FAC / F)L AC
B = = M dx +
F EI 0 F A AC E
12 6
1 3F(3)(12)
= F x(x) d x + (2F x)(2x) dx +
EI 0 0 A AC E
3
1 F 6 108F
= (123 ) + 4F +
EI 3 3 A AC E
864F 108F
= +
EI A AC E
864(80) 108(80)
= + = 0.045 86 in Ans.
10(10 )(0.1667) 0.196 35(10)(106 )
6
4-48
T
Torsion T = 0.1F = 0.1 F
F
M x
Bending M = F x = x
F

1 T 2L
U= M 2 dx +
2E I 2J G

U 1 M T ( T / F)L
B = = M dx +
F EI F JG
0.1
1 0.1F(0.1)(1.5)
= F x(x) d x +
EI 0 JG
F 0.015F
= (0.13 ) +
3E I JG
Where

I = (0.012) 4 = 1.0179(109 ) m4
64
J = 2I = 2.0358(109 ) m4

0.001 0.015
B = F + = 9.45(105 ) F
3(207)(109 )(1.0179)(109 ) 2.0358(109 )(79.3)(109 )
1
k= 5
= 10.58(103 ) N/m = 10.58 kN/m Ans.
9.45(10 )
FIRST PAGES
4-49 From Prob. 4-41, I1 = 0.2485 in4 , I2 = 0.7854 in4

For a dummy load Q at the center
Q 200 M x
0 x 10 in M = 1200x x x 42 , =
2 2 Q 2
U
y|x=10 =
Q Q=0
x x !
2 1 4 1 10
= (1200x) dx + [1200x 100(x 4) ] dx
2
E I1 0 2 I2 4 2

2 200(43 ) 1.566(105 )
=
E I1 I2

2 1.28(104 ) 1.566(105 )
= +
30(106 ) 0.2485 0.7854
= 0.016 73 in Ans.
4-50 O
x
3
l Fa
5
A
O
4 3
Fa F
5 5
l 4
A F
5
A
a a
B 3
B F
5 x
3
F
5
4 4
F F
5 5
AB
M
M = Fx =x
F
3 N 3
OA N= F =
5 F 5
4 T 4
T = Fa = a
5 F 5
4 M1 4
M1 = F x = x
5 F 5
3 M2 3
M2 = Fa = a
5 F 5
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 95

u 1 a (3/5) F(3/5)l (4/5) Fa(4a/5)l
B = = F x(x) dx + +
F EI 0 AE JG
l l
1 4 4 1 3 3
+ F x x d x + Fa a d x
EI 0 5 5 EI 0 5 5

Fa 3 9 Fl 16 Fa 2l 16 Fl 3 9 Fa 2l
= + + + +
3E I 25 AE 25 JG 75 EI 25 EI
4 2
I = d , J = 2I, A= d
64 4

64Fa 3 9 4Fl 16 32Fa 2l 16 64Fl 3 9 64Fa 2l
B = + + + +
3Ed 4 25 d 2 E 25 d 4 G 75 Ed 4 25 Ed 4

4F 2 E
= 400a + 27ld + 384a l + 256l + 432a l
3 2 3 2
Ans.
75 Ed 4 G
4-51 The force applied to the copper and steel wire assembly is Fc + Fs = 250 lbf
Since c = s
Fc L Fs L
2 6
=
3(/4)(0.0801) (17.2)(10 ) (/4)(0.0625) 2 (30)(106 )
Fc = 2.825Fs
3.825Fs = 250 Fs = 65.36 lbf, Fc = 2.825Fs = 184.64 lbf
184.64
c = = 12 200 psi = 12.2 kpsi Ans.
3(/4)(0.0801) 2
65.36
s = = 21 300 psi = 21.3 kpsi Ans.
(/4)(0.06252 )
4-52
(a) Bolt stress b = 0.9(85) = 76.5 kpsi Ans.

Bolt force Fb = 6(76.5) (0.3752 ) = 50.69 kips
4
Fb 50.69
Cylinder stress c = = = 15.19 kpsi Ans.
Ac (/4)(4.52 42 )
(b) Force from pressure
D2 (42 )
P= p= (600) = 7540 lbf = 7.54 kip
4 4
50.69 Pc
Fx = 0
6 bolts 50.69 Pb x
P 7.54 kip Pb + Pc = 7.54 (1)
FIRST PAGES
Pc L Pb L
Since c = b , =
(/4)(4.5 4 ) E
2 2 6(/4)(0.3752 ) E
Pc = 5.037Pb (2)
Substituting into Eq. (1)
6.037Pb = 7.54 Pb = 1.249 kip; and from Eq. (2), Pc = 6.291 kip
Using the results of (a) above, the total bolt and cylinder stresses are
1.249
b = 76.5 + = 78.4 kpsi Ans.
6(/4)(0.3752 )
6.291
c = 15.19 + = 13.3 kpsi Ans.
(/4)(4.52 42 )
4-53
T = Tc + Ts and c = s
Tc L Ts L
Also, =
(G J ) c (G J ) s
(G J ) c
Tc = Ts
(G J ) s
Substituting into equation for T ,

(G J ) c
T = 1+ Ts
(G J ) s
Ts (G J ) s
%Ts = = Ans.
T (G J ) s + (G J ) c
4-54
RB RO + RB = W (1)
B O A = AB (2)
750 mm 500R O 750R B 3
W 3.5 = , RO = RB
AE AE 2
A
3
500 mm R B + R B = 3.5
2
O
7
RO R B = = 1.4 kN Ans.
5
R O = 3.5 1.4 = 2.1 kN Ans.
2100
O = = 3.50 MPa Ans.
12(50)
1400
B = = 2.33 MPa Ans.
12(50)
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 97
4-55 Since O A = AB
TO A (4) T AB (6) 3
= , TO A = T AB
GJ GJ 2
Also TO A + T AB = 50

3 50
T AB + 1 = 50, T AB = = 20 lbf in Ans.
2 2.5
3 3
TO A = T AB = (20) = 30 lbf in Ans.
2 2
4-56 Since O A = AB ,
TO A (4) T AB (6)
4
= , TO A = 0.80966T AB
G( 32 1.5 ) G( 32 1.754 )
TO A + T AB = 50 0.80966 T AB + T AB = 50 T AB = 27.63 lbf in Ans.
TO A = 0.80966T AB = 0.80966(27.63) = 22.37 lbf in Ans.
4-57
T1 T2 T1 T2
F1 = F2 = =
r1 r2 1.25 3
3
T2 = T1
1.25
3 4
1 + 2 = rad
1.25 180

T1 (48) 3 (3/1.25)T1 (48) 4
4 6
+ 4 6
=
(/32)(7/8) (11.5)(10 ) 1.25 (/32)(1.25) (11.5)(10 ) 180
T1 = 403.9 lbf in
3
T2 = T1 = 969.4 lbf in
1.25
16T1 16(403.9)
1 = = = 3071 psi Ans.
d 3 (7/8)3
16(969.4)
2 = = 2528 psi Ans.
(1.25) 3
4-58
10 kip 5 kip
RO FA FB RC x
(1) Arbitrarily, choose RC as redundant reaction

FIRST PAGES

(2) Fx = 0, 10(103 ) 5(103 ) R O RC = 0
R O + RC = 5(103 ) lbf
[10(103 ) 5(103 ) RC ]20 [5(103 ) + RC ] RC (15)

(3) C = (10) =0
AE AE AE
45RC + 5(104 ) = 0 RC = 1111 lbf Ans.
R O = 5000 1111 = 3889 lbf Ans.
4-59 w
MC
A
B C
a RB RC
l
x
(1) Choose R B as redundant reaction

wl 2
(2) R B + RC = wl (a) R B (l a) + MC = 0 (b)
2
R B (l a) 3 w(l a) 2
(3) yB = + [4l(l a) (l a) 2 6l 2 ] = 0
3E I 24E I
w
RB = [6l 2 4l(l a) + (l a)2 ]
8(l a)
w
= (3l 2 + 2al + a 2 ) Ans.
8(l a)
Substituting,
w
Eq. (a) RC = wl R B = (5l 2 10al a 2 ) Ans.
8(l a)
wl 2 w
Eq. (b) MC = R B (l a) = (l 2 2al a 2 ) Ans.
2 8
4-60 w
MC
A
a B C
x RB RC
wx 2
M
M = + R B x a1 , = x a1
2 RB
l
U 1 M
= M dx
RB EI 0 RB
a l
1 wx 2 1 wx 2
= (0) dx + + R B (x a) (x a) dx = 0
EI 0 2 EI a 2

w 1 4 a 3 RB
(l a ) (l a ) +
4 3
(l a) 3 (a a) 3 = 0
2 4 3 3
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 99
w w
RB = [3(L 4
a 4
) 4a(l 3
a 3
)] = (3l 2 + 2al + a 2 ) Ans.
(l a)3 8(l a)
w
RC = wl R B = (5l 2 10al a 2 ) Ans.
8(l a)
wl 2 w
MC = R B (l a) = (l 2 2al a 2 ) Ans.
2 8
4-61
FBE FDF

A= (0.0122 ) = 1.131(104 ) m2
A 500 500 C 500
B D
4
RA 20 kN
(1) R A + FB E + FD F = 20 kN (a)

M A = 3FD F 2(20) + FB E = 0
FB E + 3FD F = 40 kN (b)
(2) M = R A x + FB E x 0.51 20(103 )x 11
dy x2 FB E
EI = RA + x 0.52 10(103 )x 12 + C1
dx 2 2
x3 FB E 10
E I y = RA + x 0.53 (103 )x 13 + C1 x + C2
6 6 3
(3) y = 0 at x = 0 C2 = 0

Fl FB E (1)
yB = = = 4.2305(108 ) FB E
AE B E 1.131(104 )209(109 )
Substituting and evaluating at x = 0.5 m
0.53
E I y B = 209(109 )(8)(107 )(4.2305)(108 ) FB E = R A + C1 (0.5)
6
2.0833(102 ) R A + 7.0734(103 ) FB E + 0.5C1 = 0 (c)

Fl FD F (1)
yD = = 4 9
= 4.2305(108 ) FD F
AE D F 1.131(10 )(209)(10 )
Substituting and evaluating at x = 1.5 m
1.53 FB E 10
E I y D = 7.0734(103 ) FD F = R A + (1.5 0.5) 3 (103 )(1.5 1) 3 +1.5C1
6 6 3
0.5625R A + 0.166 67FB E + 7.0734(103 ) FD F + 1.5C1 = 416.67 (d )

1 1 1 0 RA
20 000

0 1 3 0
F 40 000
2.0833(102 ) 7.0734(103 )
B E
=
0 0.5
FD F
0

0.5625 0.166 67 7.0734(103 ) 1.5 C1 416.67
FIRST PAGES
Solve simultaneously or use software

R A = 3885 N, FB E = 15 830 N, FD F = 8058 N, C1 = 62.045 N m2
15 830 8058
B E = = 140 MPa Ans., D F = = 71.2 MPa Ans.
(/4)(122 ) (/4)(122 )
E I = 209(109 )(8)(107 ) = 167.2(103 ) N m2

1 3885 3 15 830 10 3
y= x + x 0.5 (10 )x 1 62.045x
3 3
167.2(103 ) 6 6 3
B: x = 0.5 m, y B = 6.70(104 ) m = 0.670 mm Ans.

1 3885 3 15 830
C: x = 1 m, yC = (1 ) + (1 0.5) 62.045(1)
3
167.2(103 ) 6 6
= 2.27(103 ) m = 2.27 mm Ans.

1 3885 15 830
D: x = 1.5, yD = 3
(1.53
) + (1.5 0.5) 3
167.2(10 ) 6 6

10 3
(10 )(1.5 1) 62.045(1.5)
3
3
4
= 3.39(10 ) m = 0.339 mm Ans.
4-62
y
500 lbf FBE

3" 3" C 3" D
E I = 30(106 )(0.050) = 1.5(106 ) lbf in2
x
A B
RC FFD
(1) RC + FB E FF D = 500 (a)

3RC + 6FB E = 9(500) = 4500 (b)
(2) M = 500x + FB E x 31 + RC x 61
dy FB E RC
EI = 250x 2 + x 32 + x 62 + C1
dx 2 2
250 3 FB E RC
EIy = x + x 33 + x 63 + C1 x + C2
3 6 6

Fl FB E (2)
yB = = = 8.692(107 ) FB E
AE B E (/4)(5/16) 2 (30)(106 )
Substituting and evaluating at x = 3 in
250 3
E I y B = 1.5(106 )[8.692(107 ) FB E ] = (3 ) + 3C1 + C2
3
1.3038FB E + 3C1 + C2 = 2250 (c)
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 101
Since y = 0 at x = 6 in
250 3 FB E
E I y|=0 = (6 ) + (6 3) 3 + 6C1 + C2
3 6
4.5FB E + 6C1 + C2 = 1.8(104 ) (d)

Fl FD F (2.5)
yD = = 2 6
= 1.0865(106 ) FD F
AE DF (/4)(5/16) (30)(10 )
Substituting and evaluating at x = 9 in
250 3 FB E
E I y D = 1.5(106 )[1.0865(106 ) FD F ] = (9 ) + (9 3) 3
3 6
RC
+ (9 6) 3 + 9C1 + C2
6
4.5RC + 36FB E 1.6297FD F + 9C1 + C2 = 6.075(104 ) (e)

1 1 1 0 0 R C

500

3
6 0 0 0

F B E

4500

0 1.3038 0 3
1 FD F = 2250

0 4.5 0 6 1

C1

1.8(104 )

4.5 36 1.6297 9 1 C2 4
6.075(10 )
RC = 590.4 lbf, FB E = 1045.2 lbf, FD F = 45.2 lbf

C1 = 4136.4 lbf in2 , C2 = 11 522 lbf in3
1045.2
B E = = 13 627 psi = 13.6 kpsi Ans.
(/4)(5/16) 2
45.2
D F = = 589 psi Ans.
(/4)(5/16) 2
1
yA = (11 522) = 0.007 68 in Ans.
1.5(106 )

1 250 3
yB = (3 ) + 4136.4(3) 11 522 = 0.000 909 in Ans.
1.5(106 ) 3

1 250 3 1045.2 590.4
yD = (9 ) + (9 3) +
3
(9 6) + 4136.4(9) 11 522
3
1.5(106 ) 3 6 6
= 4.93(105 ) in Ans.
4-63
Q (dummy load)
M
M = P R sin + Q R(1 cos ) = R(1 cos )
Q
FIRST PAGES

U 1 P R3
Q = = (P R sin ) R(1 cos ) R d = 2
Q Q=0 EI 0 EI
Deflection is upward and equals 2( P R 3 /E I ) Ans.
4-64 Equation (4-28) becomes

M 2 R d
U =2 R/ h > 10
0 2E I
M
where M = F R(1 cos ) and = R(1 cos )
F

U 2 M
= = M R d
F EI 0 F

2
= F R 3 (1 cos ) 2 d
EI 0
3 F R 3
=
EI
Since I = bh 3 /12 = 4(6) 3 /12 = 72 mm4 and R = 81/2 = 40.5 mm, we have
3(40.5) 3 F
= = 66.4F mm Ans.
131(72)
where F is in kN.
4-65
P R

l
x
M
M = P x, = x 0x l
P
M
M = Pl + P R(1 cos ), = l + R(1 cos ) 0 l
P
l /2 !
1
P = P x(x) dx + P[l + R(1 cos )] R d
2
EI 0 0
P
= {4l 3 + 3R[2l 2 + 4( 2)l R + (3 8) R 2 ]} Ans.
12E I
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 103
4-66 A: Dummy load Q is applied at A. Bending in AB due only to Q which is zero.

Q
A
C
M
M = P R sin + Q R(1 + sin ), = R(1 + sin ), 0
Q 2
/2

U 1
( A ) V = = ( P R sin )[R(1 + sin )]R d
Q Q=0 EI 0

P R3 sin 2 /2 P R3
= cos + = 1+
EI 2 4 0 EI 4
+ 4 P R3
= Ans.
4 EI
M
B: M = P R sin , = R sin
P
/2
U 1
( B ) V = = ( P R sin )( R sin ) R d
P EI 0
P R3
= Ans.
4 EI
4-67 y
T
M
x
200 N
200 N
M
M = P R sin , = R sin 0< <
P 2
T
T = P R(1 cos ), = R(1 cos )
P
FIRST PAGES
/2 /2 !
U 1 1
( A ) y = = P( R sin ) R d +
2
P[R(1 cos )] R d
2
P EI 0 GJ 0
Integrating and substituting J = 2I and G = E/[2(1 + )]

P R3 3 P R3
( A ) y = + (1 + ) 2 = [4 8 + (3 8)]
EI 4 4 4E I
(200)(100) 3
= [4 8 + (3 8)(0.29)] = 40.6 mm
4(200)(103 )(/64)(5) 4
4-68 Consider the horizontal reaction, to be applied at B, subject to the constraint ( B ) H = 0.
F
R U
(a) ( B ) H = =0
A
H
B H
F
2
Due to symmetry, consider half of the structure. F does not deflect horizontally.
FR M
M= (1 cos ) H R sin , = R sin , 0 < <
2 H 2
/2
U 1 FR
= (1 cos ) H R sin (R sin ) R d = 0
H EI 0 2
F F F
+ +H =0 H = Ans.
2 4 4
Reaction at A is the same where H goes to the left
FR FR
(b) For 0 < < , M=
(1 cos ) sin
2 2
FR
M= [(1 cos ) 2 sin ] Ans.
2
Due to symmetry, the solution for the left side is identical.
M R
(c) = [(1 cos ) 2 sin ]
F 2
/2
U 2 F R2
F = = [(1 cos ) 2 sin ]2 R d
F EI 0 4 2
/2
F R3
= 2
( 2 + 2 cos2 + 4 sin2 2 2 cos
2 E I 0
4 sin + 4 sin cos ) d

F R3 2 2
= + +4 2 4 + 2
2
2 2 E I 2 4 4
(3 2 8 4) F R 3
= Ans.
8 EI
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 105
4-69 Must use Eq. (4-33)

A = 80(60) 40(60) = 2400 mm2
(25 + 40)(80)(60) (25 + 20 + 30)(40)(60)
R= = 55 mm
2400
Section is equivalent to the T section of Table 3-4
60(20) + 20(60)
rn = = 45.9654 mm
60 ln[(25 + 20)/25] + 20 ln[(80 + 25)/(25 + 20)]
e = R rn = 9.035 mm
Straight section 1
y Iz = (60)(203 ) + 60(20)(30 10) 2
12
z
30 mm

1
50 mm +2 (10)(60 ) + 10(60)(50 30)
3 2
12
= 1.36(106 ) mm4
Fr F For 0 x 100 mm
F M V
100 mm M = F x, = x; V = F, =1
F F
M
x
For /2
Fr F
Fr = F cos ,
= cos ; F = F sin , = sin
F F
M
M = F(100 + 55 sin ), = (100 + 55 sin )
F
Use Eq. (5-34), integrate from 0 to /2, double the results and add straight part
100 /2
2 1 100 (1) F(1) dx (100 + 55 sin ) 2
= F x dx +
2
+ F d
E I 0 0 2400(G/E) 0 2400(9.035)
/2 /2
F sin2 (55) F(100 + 55 sin )
+ d sin d
0 2400 0 2400
/2 /2 !
F sin (100 + 55 sin ) (1) F cos2 (55)
d + d
0 2400 0 2400(G/E)
Substitute
I = 1.36(103 ) mm2 , F = 30(103 ) N, E = 207(103 ) N/mm2 , G = 79(103 ) N/mm2

2 1003 207 100 2.908(104 ) 55
= 3
3
30(10 ) 6
+ + +
207(10 ) 3(1.36)(10 ) 79 2400 2400(9.035) 2400 4
!
2 207 55
(143.197) + = 0.476 mm Ans.
2400 79 2400 4
FIRST PAGES
4-70
M Fr
R
F
F
M
M = F R sin Q R(1 cos ), = R(1 cos )
Q
F
F = Q cos + F sin , = cos
Q

( M F ) = [F R sin Q R(1 cos )] cos
Q
+ [R(1 cos )][Q cos + F sin ]
Fr
Fr = F cos Q sin , = sin
Q
From Eq. (4-33)

U 1 R
= = ( F R sin )[R(1 cos )] d + F sin cos d
Q Q=0 AeE 0 AE 0

1
[F R sin cos F R sin (1 cos )] d
AE 0

CR
+ F cos sin d
AG 0

2F R 2 2F R R 2F R
= +0+ +0= 1 Ans.
AeE AE e AE
4-71 The cross section at A does not rotate, thus for a single quadrant we have
U
=0
MA
The bending moment at an angle to the x axis is
F FR
M = MA ( R x) = M A (1 cos ) (1)
2 2
because x = R cos . Next,
/2
M2 M2
U= ds = R d
2E I 0 2E I
since ds = R d. Then
/2
U R M
= M d = 0
MA EI 0 MA
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 107
But M/ M A = 1. Therefore
/2 /2 FR

M d = MA (1 cos ) d = 0
0 0 2
Since this term is zero, we have

FR 2
MA = 1
2
Substituting into Eq. (1)

FR 2
M= cos
2
The maximum occurs at B where = /2. It is
FR
MB = Ans.

4-72 For one quadrant

FR 2 M R 2
M= cos ; = cos
2 F 2
/2
U M M
= =4 R d
F 0 EI F

F R 3 /2 2 2
= cos d
EI 0

F R3 2
= Ans.
EI 4
4-73
C 2 E I
Pcr =
l2
D4
I = (D d ) =
4 4
(1 K 4 )
64 64

C E D
2 4
Pcr = (1 K )
4
l2 64
1/4
64Pcr l 2
D= Ans.
3 C E(1 K 4 )
FIRST PAGES
4-74
2 4 4
A= D (1 K 2 ), I = D (1 K 4 ) = D (1 K 2 )(1 + K 2 ),
4 64 64
I D2
k2 = = (1 + K 2 )
A 16
From Eq. (4-43)
Pcr S y2 l 2 S y2 l 2
= S y = S y
(/4) D 2 (1 K 2 ) 4 2 k 2 C E 4 2 ( D 2 /16)(1 + K 2 )C E
4S y2 l 2 D 2 (1 K 2 )
4Pcr = D (1 K )S y
2 2
2 D 2 (1 + K 2 )C E
4S y2 l 2 (1 K 2 )
D 2 (1 K 2 )S y = 4Pcr +
(1 + K 2 )C E
1/2
4Pcr 4S y2 l 2 (1 K 2 )
D= +
S y (1 K 2 ) (1 + K 2 )C E(1 K 2 )S y
1/2
Pcr Sy l 2
=2 + Ans.
S y (1 K 2 ) 2 C E(1 + K 2 )
4-75 (a)
3
+ M A = 0, 2.5(180) FB O (1.75) = 0 FB O = 297.7 lbf

32 + 1.752

Using n d = 5, design for Fcr = n d FB O = 5(297.7) = 1488 lbf, l = 32 + 1.752 =
3.473 ft, S y = 24 kpsi
In plane: k = 0.2887h = 0.2887", C = 1.0
Try 1" 1/2" section
l 3.473(12)
= = 144.4
k 0.2887
2 1/2
l 2 (1)(30)(106 )
= = 157.1
k 1 24(103 )
Since (l/k) 1 > (l/k) use Johnson formula
2
1 24(103 ) 1
Pcr = (1) 24(10 )
3
144.4 = 6930 lbf
2 2 1(30)(106 )
Try 1" 1/4": Pcr = 3465 lbf

FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 109
Out of plane: k = 0.2887(0.5) = 0.1444 in, C = 1.2

l 3.473(12)
= = 289
k 0.1444
Since (l/k) 1 < (l/k) use Euler equation
1.2( 2 )(30)(106 )
Pcr = 1(0.5) = 2127 lbf
2892
2
l
1/4" increases l/k by 2, by 4, and A by 1/2
k
Try 1" 3/8": k = 0.2887(0.375) = 0.1083 in
l 1.2( 2 )(30)(106 )
= 385, Pcr = 1(0.375) = 899 lbf (too low)
k 3852
Use 1" 1/2" Ans.
P 298
(b) b = = = 379 psi No, bearing stress is not significant.
dl (0.5)(0.5)
4-76 This is a design problem with no one distinct solution.
4-77

F = 800 (32 ) = 5655 lbf, S y = 37.5 kpsi
4
Pcr = n d F = 3(5655) = 17 000 lbf
(a) Assume Euler with C = 1
1/4 1/4
Pcr l 2 64Pcr l 2 64(17)(103 )(602 )
I = d4 = d= = = 1.433 in
64 C 2 E 3C E 3 (1)(30)(106 )
Use d = 1.5 in; k = d/4 = 0.375
l 60
= = 160
k 0.375
2 1/2
l 2 (1)(30)(106 )
= = 126 use Euler
k 1 37.5(103 )
2 (30)(106 )(/64)(1.54 )
Pcr = = 20 440 lbf
602
d = 1.5 in is satisfactory. Ans.
1/4
64(17)(103 )(182 )
(b) d= = 0.785 in, so use 0.875 in
3 (1)(30)(106 )
FIRST PAGES
0.875
k= = 0.2188 in
4
18
l/k = = 82.3 try Johnson
0.2188
2
37.5(103
) 1
Pcr = (0.8752 ) 37.5(103 ) 82.3 = 17 714 lbf
4 2 1(30)(106 )
Use d = 0.875 in Ans.

20 440
(c) n (a) = = 3.61 Ans.
5655
17 714
n (b) = = 3.13 Ans.
5655
4-78
W 9.8(400) 3920 N
2 bars 4F sin = 3920

2F 2F 3920
F=

4 sin
In range of operation, F is maximum when = 15

3920
Fmax = = 3786 N per bar
4 sin 15
Pcr = n d Fmax = 2.5(3786) = 9465 N
l = 300 mm, h = 25 mm

Try b = 5 mm: out of plane k = (5/ 12) = 1.443 mm
l 300
= = 207.8
k 1.443
1/2
l (2 2 )(1.4)(207)(109 )
= = 123 use Euler
k 1 380(106 )
(1.4 2 )(207)(103 )
Pcr = (25)(5) = 8280 N
(207.8) 2

Try: 5.5 mm: k = 5.5/ 12 = 1.588 mm
l 300
= = 189
k 1.588
(1.4 2 )(207)(103 )
Pcr = 25(5.5) = 11 010 N
1892
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 111
Use 25 5.5 mm bars Ans. The factor of safety is thus

11 010
n= = 2.91 Ans.
3786

4-79 F = 0 = 2000 + 10 000 P P = 12 000 lbf Ans.

5.68
M A = 12 000 10 000(5.68) + M = 0
2
2000 10,000
M = 22 720 lbf in

A P C M 22 720
M e= = = 1.893 in Ans.
P 12 000
From Table A-8, A = 4.271 in2 , I = 7.090 in4

I 7.090
k2 = = = 1.66 in2
A 4.271

12 000 1.893(2)
c = 1+ = 9218 psi Ans.
4.271 1.66

12 000 1.893(2)
t = 1 = 3598 psi
4.271 1.66
3598
9218
4-80 This is a design problem so the solutions will differ.
4-81 For free fall with y h

Fy m y = 0
y
mg m y = 0, so y = g mg
Using y = a + bt + ct 2 , we have at t = 0, y = 0, and y = 0, and so a = 0, b = 0, and

c = g/2. Thus
1
y = gt 2 and y = gt for y h
2
At impact, y = h, t = (2h/g) 1/2 , and v0 = (2gh) 1/2
After contact, the differential equatioin (D.E.) is y
k(y h)
mg k( y h) m y = 0 for y > h
mg
FIRST PAGES
Now let x = y h; then x = y and x = y. So the D.E. is x + (k/m)x = g with solution

= (k/m) 1/2 and
mg
x = A cos t
+ B sin t
+
k

At contact, t = 0, x = 0, and x = v0 . Evaluating A and B then yields

mg v0 mg
x = cos t
+ sin t
+
k k
or
W v0 W
y = cos t
+ sin t
+ +h
k k
and
W
y = sin t
+ v0 cos t
k
To find ymax set y = 0. Solving gives
v0 k
tan t
=
W

1 v0 k
or (t )* = tan
W
The first value of (t
)* is a minimum and negative. So add radians to it to find the
maximum.
Numerical example: h = 1 in, W = 30 lbf, k = 100 lbf/in. Then
= (k/m) 1/2 = [100(386)/30]1/2 = 35.87 rad/s
W/k = 30/100 = 0.3
v0 = (2gh) 1/2 = [2(386)(1)]1/2 = 27.78 in/s
Then
27.78
y = 0.3 cos 35.87t
+ sin 35.87t
+ 0.3 + 1
35.87
For ymax
v0 k 27.78(100)
tan t
= = = 2.58
W 30(35.87)
(t
)* = 1.20 rad (minimum)
(t
)* = 1.20 + = 1.940 (maximum)
Then t
* = 1.940/35.87 = 0.0541 s. This means that the spring bottoms out at t
* seconds.
Then (t
)* = 35.87(0.0541) = 1.94 rad
27.78
So ymax = 0.3 cos 1.94 + sin 1.94 + 0.3 + 1 = 2.130 in Ans.
35.87
The maximum spring force is Fmax = k( ymax h) = 100(2.130 1) = 113 lbf Ans.
The action is illustrated by the graph below. Applications: Impact, such as a dropped
package or a pogo stick with a passive rider. The idea has also been used for a one-legged
robotic walking machine.
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 4 113
y
Free fall 0
Speeds agree
0.05 0.01 1 0.01 0.05 Time t

Equilibrium,
Time of Inflection point of trig curve rest deflection
release (The maximum speed about
this point is 29.8 in/s.)
During
2 contact
ymax
4-82 Choose t
= 0 at the instant of impact. At this instant, v1 = (2gh) 1/2 . Using momentum,
m 1 v1 = m 2 v2 . Thus
W1 W1 + W2
(2gh) 1/2 = v2
g g
W1 (2gh) 1/2
v2 =
W1 + W2
Therefore at t
= 0, y = 0, and y = v2
y
W1 W2
Let W = W1 + W2
ky W1
Because the spring force at y = 0 includes a reaction to W2 , the D.E. is

W
y = ky + W1
g
With = (kg/W ) 1/2 the solution is
y = A cos t
+ B sin t
+ W1 /k
y = A sin t
+ B cos t
At t
= 0, y = 0 A = W1 /k
At t
= 0, y = v2 v2 = B
Then
v2 W1 (2gh) 1/2
B= =
(W1 + W2 )[kg/(W1 + W2 )]1/2
We now have
1/2
W1
2h W1
y= cos t + W1 sin t
+
k k(W1 + W2 ) k
Transforming gives
1/2
W1 2hk W1
y= +1 cos(t
) +
k W1 + W2 k
where is a phase angle. The maximum deflection of W2 and the maximum spring force
are thus
FIRST PAGES
1/2
W1 2hk W1
ymax = +1 + Ans.
k W1 + W2 k
1/2
2hk
Fmax = kymax + W2 = W1 +1 + W1 + W2 Ans.
W1 + W2
4-83 Assume x > y to get a free-body diagram.
y
W
k1(x y) k2 y
Then
W
y = k1 (x y) k2 y
g
A particular solution for x = a is
k1 a
y=
k1 + k2
Then the complementary plus the particular solution is
k1 a
y = A cos t + B sin t +
k1 + k2
1/2
(k1 + k2 )g
where =
W
At t = 0, y = 0, and y = 0. Therefore B = 0 and
k1 a
A=
k1 + k2
Substituting,
k1 a
y= (1 cos t)
k1 + k2
Since y is maximum when the cosine is 1
2k1 a
ymax = Ans.
k1 + k2

Shigley 8 Ed-Solve Cap. 3 &amp;4

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budynas_SM_ch03.

qxd 11/28/2006 21:21 Page 14

(c) 1.2 kN 1.2

(d) Step 1: Find R A and R E

16 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Step 2: Find components of RC on link 4 and R D

Step 3: Find components of RC on link 2

200 N 400 N 200 N 400 N

M M1 = 1.43(4) = 5.72 lbf in

18 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

(b) q = R0 x1 M0 x2 2000x 0.21 4000x 0.350 + 4000x 0.50

20 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

At x = 10+ , V = M = 0 from Eqs. (1) and (2)

(e) q = R1 x1 400x 41 + R2 x 71 800x 101

8 x 10: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) = 160 lbf ,

15 x 20: V = 160 40x + 40(x 8) + 352 320 = 128 lbf

3-5 Solution depends upon the beam selected.

a= l + l 2 + 4(0.25l 2 ) = 2 1 = 0.2071l Ans.

From summing moments about point a,

22 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1 = R = 5, s = 45 26.6 = 18.4 ccw

1 = R = 6.10 , s = 45 27.5 = 17.5 cw

24 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1 = R = 9.22, s = 69.7 45 = 24.7 ccw

(4, 7ccw) 2s 1 = 4 + 10.63 = 14.63

1 = R = 10.63, s = 69.4 45 = 24.4 ccw

26 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1 = R = 9.71, s = 45 27.75 = 17.25 cw

1 = R = 9.60, s = 70.67 45 = 25.67 cw

1 = R = 8.078, s = 45 10.9 = 34.1 ccw

1 = R = 17, s = 45 14.04 = 30.96 ccw

28 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1 = R = 22.36, s = 45 13.28 = 31.72 cw

1 = R = 16.64, s = 73.63 45 = 28.63 cw

1 = R = 20.81, s = 72.39 45 = 27.39 cw

30 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

39.1 + 69.1 39.1 69.1

32 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

3-14 From Table A-5, E = 71.7 GPa

3-17 From Eq. (3-15)

3-18 From Eq. (3-15)

34 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

3-19 From Eq. (3-15)

Fm (m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2 (lm /l) 1(s)(s) 2 (s)

Wm (m / )(bm /b) (h m / h) 2 1(s)(s) 2

Note for wheel 1: W j a ji = 0

(b) xmax = 600 77 = 523 in

36 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Aa = Ab = 0.25(1.5) = 0.375 in2

Here we treat the hole as a negative area.

A = 1.732 0.557 = 1.175 in2

because the centroids are coincident.

Aa = 1 in2 , Ab = 9 in2 , Ac = 16 in2 , A = 16 9 1 = 6 in2 ;

38 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

I1 = [21.333 + 16(0.292) 2 ] [6.75 + 9(0.292) 2 ]

Aa = 6.928 in2 , Ab = 16 in2 , A = 9.072 in2 ;

(b) The moment is maximum and constant between A and B

40 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

(b) 1000 lbf 1000 lbf 1

(c) 120 lbf/in 1

(d) 100 lbf/in 1

(f) l = 72 in, I = (1/12)(1)(43 ) = 5.333 in4

42 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Shigley 8 Ed-Solve Cap. 3 &4

Shigley 8 Ed-Solve Cap. 3 &4