No.

9: Part II

Useful Tables from the

American. Practical Navigator

ORIGINALLY BY
NATHANIEL BOWDITCH. LL. D., Etc.

RE-EDITED AND PUBLISHED IN THE

UNITED STATES HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE
BY DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY,
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACTS OF CONGRESS

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFRCE
1916
 Aitron. tHut.

/
 j

1916. 1930, 1931, 1934, and 1936 dltloaa of BOvn)ITCH

( Iabl in back of bojk)

(1916)
Pag Tabl Ho. Title

531 2 TraTers* table, degrees

- ConTersion of departure into dif fer^

enoe of longitude
IXnot in thete editions -. refer to I

'
19S8 edition. Table 4. page 108)

621 8 Meridional parts

634 5B Distance of an objeot by two bear-

ings, degrees

... . Time, speed, and distanoe tab les

^not in these editions - refer to !

1988 edition. Table 18, page 140)

755 42 Logarithms of nvanbers laniel

ureau
772 44 Logarithms of trigonometric func-
)laris;
tions, degrees
been
1,the
817 45 Logarithmic and natural haversines pages
both

859S62
^^

PREFACE

The following tables comprise Part II of the American Practical Navigator, by the late Nathaniel
Bowditch, LL. D., as revised in 1880 and in 1903, and again in 1914, under the direction of the Bureau
of Navigation, Navy Department.
In the present edition, as in that of 1914, former tables 2SA, 28B, 28C, and 28D, Latitude by Polaris;
37, Logarithms for Equal Altitude Sights; 37A, Bquation of Equal Altitudes near Noon, liave been
omitted; but the former assignment of table numbers and page numbers has not been disturbed, the
pages on which these tables were printed being simply dropped from the book and the tables and pages
not renumbered consecutively. This accounts for the absence of pages 717 to 724 and 734 to 738, both
inclusive; while page 531 is left blank in order to let Table 2 begin on a left-hand page.
IIydrographic Office,
Washinglon, D. C, April, 1916.
3S075 16 503

359S62
 . . .

CONTENTS OF PART 11.

Page.
Explanation of the Tables 507
Table 1. Travetwe Table, Quarter Points 515
2. Traverse Table, Deijrees 531
Meridional Parts. 621

3.
4. Length of Degrees of Latitude and Longitude 629
5A. Distance of an Object by Two Bearings, Quarter Points 631
~ Bearings,
5B. Distance of an Object by Two
" "
Degrees. 634
Distance of Visibility of Objects of different Heights 640
Conversion of Arc and Time 641
Conversion of Sidereal into Mean Solar Time 642
Conversion of Mean Solar into Sidereal Time 645
Local mean time of Sun's visible Rising and Setting 64S
Reduction of Moon's Jleridian Passage for Longitude 672
Reduction of Quantities from Nautical Almanac 673
Change of Sun's Right Ascension 683
Dip of Sea Horizon 685
Dip at Distances short of Horizon 685
Parallax of Sun 685
Parallax of Planet 686
Augmentation of Moon's Semidiameter 687
Augmentation of Moon's Horizontal Parallax 687
20A. Mean Refraction 688
20B. Mean Refraction and Parallax of Sun 089
21 Correction of Refraction for Barometer 690
22. Correction of Refraction for Thermometer 691
23. Mean Refraction and Mean Parallax of Moon 693
24. Mean Refraction and Parallax of Moon 693
25. Variation of Altitude due to change of Declination 702
26. Variation of Altitude in one minute from Meridian 704
27. ^'arialion of Altitude in given time from Meridian 714
28A.
2SB.
Omitted
2SC.
28D.
29. Nautical and Statute Miles 725
30. Conversion of Metric and English Linear Measure 726
31. Fahren'neit, Centigrade, and Reaumur Temperatures 727
32. True Force and Direction of Wind 728
33. Distance by Vertical Angle 729
34. Distance bv Horizon Angle 731
35. Speed Table for .Measured Mile 732
36. Local Jlean and Standard Meridian Times 733
37.
jOmitted.
37A.
38. Error in Longitude produced by Error in Latitude 739
39. Amplitudes.' 740
40. Correction for Amplitude observed in Apparent Horizon 745
41. Natural Sines and Cosines 746
42. Logarithms of Numbers 755
43. Logarithms of Trigonometric Functions, Quarter Points 771
44. Logarithms of Trigonometric Functions, Degrees 772
45. Logarithmic and Natural Haversines - . . 817
46. Consolidated table of Altitude Corrections 922
47. The Longitude Factor 938
48. The Latitude Factor 941

505
 ; ;

EXPLANATION OF TEE TABLES.

TABLES 1, 2: TRAVERSE TABLES.

Tables 1 and 2 were originally calculate<l by the natural pines talten from the fourth edition of
Sherwin'g Logarithms, which were previously examined, by differences; when the proof sheets of the
first edition were examined the numliers were again calculated by the natural sines in the second edition
sif Hutton's Logarithms; and if any difference was found, the numbers were calculated a third time by

Taylor's Logarithms.
The first table contains the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to distances not
exceeding 3cX) miles, and for courses to every quarter point of the cf)mpass. Table 2 is of the same
nature, but for courses consisting of whole degrees; it was originally of the same extent as Table 1, but
bae been extende<l to include distances up to tiOO miles. The manner of using these tallies is particularly
explained under the different problems of Plane, Middle Latitude, and Mercator Sailing in Chapter V.
The tables may be employed in the solution of any right triangle.

TABLE 8: XCEBIBIONAL PARTS.

Thie table contains the meridional parts, or increased latitudes, for every degree and minute to 80,
calculated by the following formula:

'" =TF log tan ( 45 -r Vf ) a (<' sin L + J f' sin' L+ ^ f* sin' L + . . . . ),

in which
1800^
the Equatorial radius n = ^ = 3437'. 7467 7 (log 3.5362739);
M, the modulus of common logarithms = 0.4342945;
j^=2.3025&51 (log 0.3622157);
C, the compression or meridional eccentricity of the earth

according to Clarke (1880) = 293 4^5 ^ 0.003407562 (log 7.5324437);

e = v/ 2c - c" = 0. 0824846 (log 8.9163666);

from which

^ =7915'. 7044558 ( log 3. 8984895)

" = 2.3'.38871 (log 1.3690072);

Ja* = 0'.053042 (log 8.7246192)

iaf= 0'.000216.523 (log 6.3355038).

The results are tabulated to one decimal place, which is sufficient for the ordinary problems of
navigation.
The
practical api)lication of this table is illustrated in Chapters 11 and V, in articles treating of the
Mercator Chart and Mercator Sailing.

TABLE 4: LENGTH OF DEGREES OF LATITUDE AND LONGITtTDE.

This table gives the length of a degree in both latitude antl longitude at each parallel oi latitude on
the earth's surface, in nautical and statute miles and in meters, based upon Clarke's value (1866) of the

earth's compression, "oqqT^" ^^ the case of latitude, the length relates to an arc of which the given
degree is the center.

TABLES 6A, 5B: DISTANCE BY TWO BEARINGS.

These tables have been calculated to facilitate the operation of finding the di.-;tance from an object by
two bearings from a given distance run and course. In Table 5A the arguments are given in points,
m Table 5B in degrees; the first column contains the multiplier of the distance run to give the distance
of oljserved object at seconil bearing; the seconri, at time of passing abeam.
The method is explained in article 143, Chapter IV.
507

I
508 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.

/.') . TABt.E G: DtGTANCE OF VISrBILITY OF OBJECTS.

This table contains the distances, in nautical and statute miles, at whicli any object is visible at sea.
It is calculated by the formulie:
_
d = 1. 15 y/x, and rf' = 1.32 \/x,
in which d is the distance in nautical miles, d' the distance in statute miles, and x the height of the eye
or the object in feet.
To find the distance of visibility of an object, the distance given by the table coixeaponding to ita
height should be added to that corresponding to the height of the observer's eye.
Example: Keijuired the distance of visibility of an object 420 feet high, the observer being at an
elevation of 15 feet.
Dist. corresponding to 420 feet, 23.5 naut. miles.
Dist. corresponding to 15 feet, 4.4 naut. miles.

Dist. oi visibility, 27.9 naut. miles.

TABLE 7: CONVEBSION OF ARC AND TIME.

In the first column of each pair in this table are contained angular mea.sures expressed in arc
(degrees, minutes, or seconds), and in the second column tlu- corresponding angles expressed in time
(hours, minutes, or seconds). As will be seen from the headings of cohnnns, the time corresponding
to degrees () is given in hours and minutes; to minutes of arc ('), in minutes and seconds of time;
and to seconds of arc ("), in seconds and sixtieths of a second of time.
The table will be especially convenient in dealing with longitude and liour angle. The method of
ita employment is best illustrated by examples.

E.X.\MPLE I. ! EXA.MPLE II.

Requireil the time corresponding to 50 31' 21". Required the arc corresponding U) 6'' 33" 26*.5.

50 00' 00" = 3" 20' 00' 6" 32" 00 = 98 00' 00"

31 00 = 2 04 1 24 = 21 00
21 = 1?* 2:':l= 37.5

50 31 21 =3 22 05.4 (3 33 26.5 = 98 21 37.5

TABLES 8 AND 9: SIDEREAL AND MEAN SOLAR TIMES.

These tables give, respectively, the reductions neces.sary to convert intervals of sidereal time into
those of mean solar time, mid intervals of mean solar into those of sidereal time. The reduction for any
interval is found by entering with the number of hours at the top and the number of minutes at the side,
adding the reduction for seconds as given in the margin.
The relations between mean solar and sidereal time intervals, and the methods of conversion of
these times, are given in articles 289-291, Chapter IX.

TABLE 10: SUN'S RISING AND SETTING.

This table gives the local nie:m time of the sun's visilile rising .'in<l setting that is, of the appearance
and disappearance of the sun's u|iper limb in the umibstructed horiz.m of a pei-son whose eye is 15 feet
above the level of the earth's surface, theiitmospheric cunditiims beinir normal.
The local apparent times of rising and setting were determined fiom the formula for a time sight,
the altitude employed being 0 56' 08", made up of the following terms: Refraction, 36' 29"; semi-
diameter, - Hi' 00"; dip, 3' 48"; and parallax, -! 9".
To ascertain the time of rising or setting for any given dat and place, enter the table with the
latitude and declination, interpolating if the degrees are not even. In the line will be found the time R
of rising; in the line S, the time of setting. Be careful to choose the page in which the latitude is of
the correct name, and in which the "approximate date" corresponds, nearly or exactly, with the
given date.
This table is computed with the intention that, if accuracy is de.sired, it will be entered with the

declination as an argument not the date as it is impossible to construct any table based ujion dates
whose application shall be general to all years. But a.-* a given degree of declination will, in the
majority of years, fall upon the date given in the table as the "approximate date," and as, when it
does not do so, it I'an never be more than one day removed therefrom, it will answer, where a slight
inaccuracy may be admitted, to enter the table with the date as an argument, thus avoiding the neces-
eity of ascertaining the declinatiim.
Example; Find the local mean time of sunset at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (lat. 22 54' S., long.
43 10' VV.), on January 1, 1903 (dec. 23 04' S.).

Exact method. Approximate metlntd.

Lat. 22 \ p. .o Lat. 22.. \ ,ii. 4m

Corr. for + 54' lat +02 Corr. for + 54' lat +02
Corr. for + 04' dec 00 Corr. for 1 day -01
I,. M. T. sunset ti 50 I.. M. T. sunset 6 49
 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 509

TABLE H: KEDUCTION FOB MOON'S TRANSIT.

This table was calculated by proportioning the daily variation of the time of the moon's passing the
meridian.
The numbers taken from the table are to be added to the Greenwich time of moon's transit in west
longitude, but subtracted in ea^t longitude.

TABLE 12: REDUCTIONS FOB NAUTICAL ALMANAC.

This is a table of proportional part* for rinding the variation of the sun's right ascension or declination,
or of the equation of time, in any number of minutes of time, the horary motion being given at the top of
the page in seconds, and the number of minutes of time in the .side culumu; also for finding the variation
of the moon's declination or right a.cension in an v number of seconds of time, the motion in one minute
being given at the top, and the numbers in the side column being taken for seconds.

TABLE 13: CHANGE OF SUN'S RIGHT ASCENSION.

This is a table that may lie employed for finding the change of the sun's right ascension for any
given nmnber of hours, the hourly change, aa taken from the Nautical Almanac, being given in the
marginal columns.
TABLE 14: DIP OF SEA HORIZON.
This table contains the dip of the sea horizon, calculated by the formula:

D = 58".8 v/F,
in which F = height of the eye above the level of the sea in feet.
It is explained in article 300, Chapter X.

TABLE 15: DIP SHORT OF HORIZON.

This table contains the dip for various distances and heights, calculated by the formula:

D = ? + 0.56.514 X
fZ
^,

in which D represents the dip in miles or minutes, d, the distance of the land in sea miles, and h, the
height of the eye of the observer in feet.

TABLE 16: PARALLAX OF SUN.

This table contains the sun's parallax in altitude calculated by the formula:

par. = sin ; X 8". 75,

in which : =
apparent zenith distance, the sun's horizontal j)arallax being 8".7.5.
It is explained in article 304, Chapter X.

TABLE 17: PARALLAX OF PLANET.

Parallax in altitude of a planet iw found by entering at the top with the ]>lanet'8 horizontal parallax,
and at the side with the altitude.

TABLE 18: AUGMENTATION OF MOON'S SEMIDIAMETEB.

This table gives the augmentation of the moon's semidiameter calculated by the formula:

jr = c ' sin ft -f J c" .' sin^ ft +J c" ',

where ft = moon's apparent altitude;

s = moon's horizontal semidiameter;
X = augmentation of semidiameter for altitude ft; and
log c = 5.25021.
TABLE 19: AUGMENTATION OF MOON'S HOBIZONTAL PABALLAX.
tlie augmentation of the moon's^ horizontal parallax, or the correction to reduce
This table contains
the moon's equatorial horizontal [larallax to that point of tin- earth's axis which lies in the vertical of
the observer in any given latitude; it is computed by the forniulie:

^ '
v/(l c sin'L)

where a = equatorial horizontal parallax;

L= latitude;
c = eccentricity of the meridian; log e* =
7.81602; and
A T = augmentation of the horizontal parallax for the latitude T,.
510 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.

TABLE 20 A: MEAN BEFRACTION.

This table gives the refraction, reduced from Bessel's tables, for a mean atmospheric condition in
which the barometer is 30.00 inches, and thermometer 50 Fahr.

TABLE SOB: MEAN BEFBACTION ANTt PATtAT.T.AX OF STTN.

This table contains the correction to be applied to the sun's apjiarent altitude for mean refraction
and parallax, lieing a combination of the quantities f(ir the altitudes given in Tables Iti and 20A.

TABLES 21, 22: CORRECTIONS OF REFRACTION FOR BAROMETER AND

THERMOMETER.
The.se are deduced from Bessel's tables. The iiiethud of their employment will be evident.

TABLE 23: MEAN REFRACTION AND MEAN PARALLAX OF MOON.

This table contains the correction of the moon's altitude for refraction and parallax corresponding
to themean refraction (Table 20A), and a horizontal parallax of the mean value of 57' 30".

TABLE 24: MEAN REFRACTION AND PARALLAX OF MOON.

This table contains the correction to be applied to the moon's apparent altitude for each minute of
horizontal parallax, and for every 10' of altitude from 5, with height of barometer 30.00 inches, and
thermometer 50 Fahr.
For seconds of parallax, enter the table abreast the approximate correction and find the seconds of
horizontal parallax, the tens of seconds at the side and the units at the top. Under the latter and
opposite the former will be the seconds to add to the correction.
For minutes nf altitude, take the seconds from the extreme right of the page, and apply them as
there directed.

TABLE 25: CHANGE OF ALTITTTDE DUE TO CHANGE OF DECLINATION.

This table gives the variation of the altitude of any heavenly body arising from a change of 100" in
the declination. It is useful for finding the equation of equal altitudes by the approximate method
explained in article 324, Chapter XI, and for other purposes.
It the change move the body toward the elevated pole, apply the correction to the altitude with the
signs in the table; otherwise change the signs.

TABLE 26: CHANGE OF ALTITUDE IN ONE MINUTE FROM MERIDIAN.

This table gives the variation of the altitude of any heavenly body, for one minute of time from
meriilian jiassage, for latitudes up to 60, declinations to 63, and altitudes between 6 and 86. It is
based upon the method set forth in article 334, Chapter XII, and the values may be computed by the
formula:
1".9635 cos L cos d
"~
sin (L-rf) '

where a = variation of altitude in one minute from meridian,

L = latitude, and
d = declination positive for for opposite name to latitude at upper
same name and negative
transit, and negative for same name
at lower transit.
The limits of the table take in all values of latitude, declination, and altitude which are likely to
be required. In its employment, care must be taken to enter the table at a place where the declination
is appropriatelv named (of the same or op[)(>site name to the latitude) it should al.so be noted that at
;

the liottom of the last three pages v:dues arc given for the variation of a body at /oiccr trsuisit, which can
only be observed when the declination and latitude are of the same name, and in which case the reduc-
tion to the meridian is subtractive; the limitations in this case are stated at the foot of the page, and
apply to all values below the heavy rules.

TABLE 27: CHANGE OF ALTITUDE IN GIVEN TIME FROM MERIDIAN.

Tliis table gives tlie ]>rodnct of tlie variation in :iltitndo in one minute of a hoaveidy body near the
meridian, bv (he s(iuare of the number of minutes. Values are given for everj- half minute between
C" 30" and 26 " 0', and for all variations likely to he employed in the method of "reduction to the
meridian."
The fornmla for computing is:

Red. = X t\
<(

where <i variation in one nunute (Table 26), and

( = number of miiuites (in units and tenths! from time of meridian pasi>age.

The entered in the coluum of the nearest interval of time from meridian, and the value
table is
taken out corrresponding to the value of n found from Table 26. The units and tenths ar>' picked out
separately and combined, each Ix-ing corrected by interpolation for intermediate intervals of time.
The result is the amount to be applied to the'observed altitude to reduce it to the meridiau altitude,
which is alwavs to be added for upi)er transits and subtracted for lower.
 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 511

TABLE 28, A, B, C, D: LATITTJDE BY FOLABIS.

[Omitted.

TABLES 29, 30, 31: COITVEBSION TABLES.

These are self-explanatory.

TABLE 32: TKTJE FOKCE AND DIBECTION OF WIND.

This table enables an observer on board of a moving vessel to determine the true force and direction
of the wind from its apparent force and direction. Enter the table with the apparent direction of the
wind (number of points on the bow) and force (Beaufort scale) as arguments, and pick out the direc-
tion relatively to the shii)'s head and the force corresponding to tlie known speed of the ship.
E.xample: a vessel steaming SE. at a speed of 15 knots appears to have a wind blowing from three
point.s on the starboard bow with a force of 6, Beaufort scale. What is the true direction and force?
In the column headed 3 (meaning three points on lx)w, apparent direction) and in the line 6
(apparent force, Beaufort scale), we find abreast 15 (knots, speed of vessel) that the true direction is 5
points on starboard bow, i. e., S. by W., and true force 4.

TABLE 33: VEBTICAL ANGLES.

This table gives the distance of an object of known height by the vertical angle that it subtends at
the position of the observer. It was computed by the formula:

tan a = -,,
where = the vertical angle;
h = the height of the observed object in feet; and
d = the distance of the object, also converted into feet.

The employment of this method of finding distance is explained in article IXK chapter IV.

TABLE 34: HOBIZON ANGLES.

This shows the distance in yards corresponding to any observed angle between an object and the
sea horizon beyond, the observer being at a known height.
The method of use is explained in article 139, chapter IV.

TABLE 35: SPEED TABLE.

This table shows the rate of speed, in nautical miles per hour, of a vessel which traverses a meaj^ured
mile in any given number of minutes and seconds. It is entered with the immber of minutes at the top
and the number of seconds at the side; under one and abreast the other is the number of knots of si)eed.
512 EXPLAXATION OF THE TABLES.

TABLE 36: LOCAL AND STANDARD TIMES.

This table contains the reduction to be applied to the local time to obtain the corresponding time
at any other meridian whose time is adopted as a standard. The results are given to the nearest minute
of time only; being intended for the reduction of such approximate quantities as the time of high water
or time of sunset. More exact reductions, when required, may be made by Table 7.

TABLE 37: LOGARITHMS FOB EQUAL ALTITUDE SIGHTS.

[Omitted 1

TABLE 37A: EQUATION OF EQUAL ALTITUDES NEAR NOON.

[Omitted.]
 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 513
TABLE 38: EFFECT TJPON LONGITTTDE OF ERROR IN LATITUDE.
Table 38 shows, approxiiTiately, the error in longitude in miles and tenths of a mile, occasioned by
an error of one mile in tin- latitude.
Tliua, when the sun's altitude is 30, the latitude 30, and the jwlar distance 100, the error is
eight-tenths of a mile.
The effect of an increase of latitude is as follows:

In TT>i< longitude, ( K:\at \ of meridian, the f decreased 1 except where marked f increased
\
the body being \ West ) longitude is \ increased J
'
by *, when it is \ decreased i
'

In East longitude, / East \ of meridian, the / increased \ except where marked f decreased \
the body being \ West j longitude is \ decreased / by *, when it is \ increased J
'
'

A decrease of latitude has the contrary effect.

The direction of error may readily be seen by drawing the Sumner line in a direction at right angles
to the approximate bearing of the body.

TABLE 39: AMPLITTTDES.

This table contains amplitudes of heavenly bodies, at rising and setting, for various latitudes and
declinations, computed by the formula:
gin amp.=sec Lat. Xsin dec.

It is entered with the declination at the top and the latitude at the side.
Its use is explained in article 358, Chapter XIV.

TABLE 40: CORRECTION FOR AMPLITUDES.

This table gives a correction to !>e applied to the observed amplitude to counteract the vertical
displacement due to refraction, parallax, and dip, when the body is observed with its center in the
visible horizon.
The correction is to be applied for the sun, a planet, or a star, as follows:

At Eising in N. Lat.
) , ^v i *
i,x *
*^ correction to the right.
Setting in S. Lat. r^^'^y
At Rising in S. Lat. 1 ^u i i- lu i r..
*??'>" ^^^ correction to the left.
Setting in N. Lat. |

For the moon, apply /i'i//the correction in the contrar;/ manner.

TABLE 41: NATURAL SINES AND COSINES.

This table contains the natural sine and cosine for every minute of the quadrant, and is to be
entered at the top or bottom with the degrees, and at the side marked M., with the minutes; the
corresponding numbers will be the natural sine and cosine, respectively, observing that if the degrees
are found at the top, the name sine, cosine, and M. must also be found at the top, and the contrary if
the degrees are found at the bottom. It should be understood that all numliers given in the table

should be divided by 100,000 that is, pointed off to contain five decimal places. Thus, .43366 is the
natural sine of 2-") 42', or the cosine of 64^^ 18'.
In the outer columns of the margin are given tables of proportional parts, for the purpose of finding,
approximatelv, by inspection, tlie proportional part corresponding to any number of seconds in the
proposed angle, the seconds being found in the marginal column markol M., and the correction in
the adjoining column. Thus, if we suppose that it were required to fincl tlie natural sine corresponding
to 25 42' 19", the difference of the sines of 2.'> 42' and 25 43' is 20, being the same as at the top of the
left-hand column of the table; and in this column, and opposite 19 in the column 1\1., is the correc-
tion 8. Adding this to the aliove number .43366, because the numbers are incrraning, we get .43374 for
the sine of 25 42' 19". In like manner, we find the cosine of the same angle to be .90108 4=. 90104,
using the right-hand columns, and subtracting ht^c2LnsB the numbers are decreasing; observing, however,
that the number 14 at the top of this column varies 1 from the difference between the cosines of 25 42'
and 25 43', which is only 13; so that the table may give in some ca.ses a unit too much between the
angles 25 42' and 25 4.3'; but this is, in general, of but little importance, and when accuracy is required,
the usual niethod of proportional parts is to be resorted to, using the actual tabular difference.

TABLE 42: LOGARITHMS OF NUMBERS.

This table, containing the common logarithms of numbers, was conipareil with Sherwin's, Button's,
and Taylor's logarithms; its use is explaine<l in an article on Logarithms in Appendix III.

TABLE 43: LOGARITHMS OF TRIGONOlttETRIC FUNCTIONS, QUARTER POINTS.

This table contains the logarithms of the sines, tangents, etc., corresponding to points and quarter
points of the compass. This was compared with Sherwin's, Hutton's, and Taylor's logarithms.


514 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.

TABLE 44: LOGARITHMS OF TBIGONOMETRIC FXTNCTIONS, DEGREES.
This taVjle contains the common logarithms of the sines, tangents, secants, etc. It was comimred
with Shervviii's, Hutton's, and Taylor's tiibles. Two additional columns are given in this table, which
are very convenient in Jj^nding the time from an altitude of the sim; also, three columns of jiroportional
parts for seconds of space, ami a small table at the bottom of each page for finding the proportional parte
for seconils of time. The degrees are marked to 180, which saves the trouble of subtracting the given
angle from 180 when it exceeds 90.
The use of this table is fully explained in A])pt^dix III in an article on Ixigarithms.
TABLE 45: LOGARITHMIC AND NATXTBAL HAVERSINES.
The haversine is defined by the following relation:

hav. A=J vers. A=J(1 cos A)=sin- JA.

It is a trigonometric function simplifies the solution of many problems in nautic.il a.stronomy

which
as well as in plane trigonometry. To afford the maximum facility in carrying out the processes of
solution, the values of the natural haversine and its logarithm are "set down together in a single table
for all values of angle ranging from 0 to ot>0, expressed both in arc and in time.

TABLE 46: CORRECTIONS TO BE APPLIED IN ORDER TO FIND THE TRUE ALTI-

TUDE OF A STAR AND ALSO OF THE SUN FROM THE OBSERVED ALTITUDE
ABOVE THE HORIZON.
This is a consolidated table in which the tabulated correction for an observed altitude of a star
combines the mean refraction and the dip, and that for an observed altitude of the sun's lower limb
combines the mean refraction, the dip, the parallax, and the mean semidiameter, which is taken as
16'. A supplementary table at the foot of the main table takes account of the variation of the sun's
semidiameter in the different months of the year. '

TABLE 47: THE LONGITUDE FACTOR.

The change in longitude due
to a change of 1' in latitude, called the longitude factor, F, is given in
this table at suitable intervals of latitude and azimuth. The quantities tabulated are computed from
the formula
F=sec. Lat. Xcot. Az.

When a time sight solved with a dead-reckoning latitude, the resulting longitude is only true
is
if the latitude be correct. This table, by setting forth the number of minutes of longitude due to each
minute of error in 'atitude, gives the means of fin<ling the correction to the longitude for any error that
may subsequently be disclosed in the latitude used in the calculation.
Regarding the azimuth of the observed celestial body a. less than 90 and as measured from either
the North or the South [wintof the horizon towards East or West, the rule for determining whether the
correction in longitude is to be applied to the ea-^tward or to the westward will be as follows: If the
change in latitude is of the same name as the first letter of the bearing, the change in longitude is of the
contrary name to that of the second letter, and vice versa.
Thus, if the body bears S. 45 K. and the change in latitude is to the southward, the change in
longitude will be to the westward; and, if the change in latitude 's to the northward, the change in
longitude will be to the eastward.
The convenient applic^ition of the longitude fa<-tor in finding the intersection of Sumner lines is
explained in article 389.
TABLE 48: THE LATITUDE FACTOR.
The change in latitude due to a change of V
in the longitude, called the latitude factor, f, is given
in this taljle at suitable intervals of latituileand azimuth. The quantities tabulated, being the reciprocals
of the values of the longitude factor, are computed from the formula

f=T?=,
r sec.
[x
Lat.Xcot.
r =cos. Lat. Xtan. Az.
w , Az.
When an ex-meridian sight is solved with a longitude afterwards found to lie in error, this table, by
Betting forth the number of minutes of latitude due to e.ach V
of error in longitude, gives the means
of finding the correction in the latitude for the amount of error in the longitude used in the calculation.
Ilegarding the azimulh of the observed ceUsti:d body a." less than 90 and ai> measured from either
the North or the South point of the horizon towards Kast or Wet^t, the rule for determining whether the
correction in latitude is to be applied to the northward or to the southward is as follows: If the change
in longitude is of the same name as the second letter of the bearing, the change in latitude is nf the
contrary name to the first letter, and vice versa. Thus, if the body bears S. 14 K. anci the change in
loiigitu<le is to tlie westward, the change in latitude will be to the southward, and, if the change in
longilude is to the easlw;ird, the I'hunge in latitude w ill be to the northward.
Tin: convenient atiplication of the latitude factor in finding the intersection of Sumner lines is
explained in article ;J90.
Page 616]
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Page 546]
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Page 626]
Page 628J
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Page
Page
Page 636] TABLE
Page 638] TABLE 515.
Page 640
Page 642] TABLE s.
Page 644]
1

Page 646] TABLE I*.

Mean Solar into Sidereal Time.

Page 648]
 TABLE 10. [Page 649

Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.

Page 660]
 TABLE 10. [Page 651
Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.

xoJd^Y Q"^ 0!xaadMinaiKccicfiPStDMcn'McriaicB maiMMMcnOSai MmaJPSdmcn

&

SSSS3SSSSS

a z

feiOoicoSoooi.'iO'coinoiO'-.iOi-tii

c ,3

o c

s^'^S'"'^^'^'''^"-^ "'

SSSSoK^irtSS

ciMSiMaSOTe^xaiM^SaioSaiaatnsSMaJujoSwMcoajtnMaiaiaJalm^
 Page 652] TABLE 10.
'

Mean Time of Sun'e Visible Rieing and Setting.

J
3^
.

3 M^^^Meoeo
o-ar,.c;a:o:(Ka:xa:x'a:a:e;xo;xc!:ci:DD ciwKaieicccsxBStt c::xcxB:x'ex3:x

r ^ iS T" u^ "T" ic ^TiS^riO^u

i95 ISSSS S8!S8s?8!?8Sg teS^SSS;

5'-rS^O^S-?'A'f'o5o'^o5^G

6' r- f t^ ^ O "T * ^ O >-t hs t5 u5 ^ lit o i-t c "^ ' * -^ !- :c r

s!Sg'5SS2;252 ?S3n52S!2?!2te25SSSgS S:

:;?S2 ?52l?l:fS2SS2 g8g5S?;??!3?}

E"St5?S5S525!2te2!;SS2gSS2 S8RaSSSS;!??3 SSSagasSSS

-Mt>.g.-0
3RSSS gSffi^SSSSSSi^SSSSSSSSa

g25!2S!853SS|sSS?iRSSaS3S'sSSSS3?iSSS!sgSSSSSaaS

e9;:9;^$!is;s;;s^ sssssKsss;:: f:;SnnS^s;;ss vss^s^ssssjs

E^aSSISSSSSS 3SS%8SSS;SS3g ^S3S^^.S^% 5n7.~S^^7S'S

.^ l0 10 to lo lO ie lA <o to to iomotoA<oi^to*ott iioto^ tf >C(OkQ toic to tc<e<^>ctDo<ctA(0

,^<A<oto<o>atDiO(Oie

2 1
sSSRSSSSSS?s|ss?SSaSS5SSla5SaSS525'i::^2S=J2S=3

ESSSS'^SSSSSS SS8S83S5a'-5 SSa^aSSSSS S2S = SS8Sg

5 a

^fdtDintoiotoeDtQo<otewiO<e*ato*0(Oieiido<o<ot/twiAt^iiCr<ArteN*et^>or

eSSSSS383R!9 a532aS822SfcS28SSSS 88Sgg282S

E"S35SS?a3RSa5 asas8322SpS2823S88S SSSSS=S23S

^iCtOtO(oiO(Oia<ototD;>oototo>ow>oto>otoy:ttiAr->erftr-tcr-tcr-tot^r*^r>^r

39S;S$a$SS c3SS2!::SK23'=o88&S8SS2 SS&22S8Sri

ESJSSSSasas 2S2S: = E2S2S SS888SS = S2 S2S2SS5S5

E'aS!;892Z!::3 2S2S=S8S&S|38SSS=&=X2 S2Sf:$S5R?S

e$89SS2SSZ SSSS&8S8SS 8SS2S222S2 !;s3S?RSSSS

e232$S3!S;S3{S8SS8oSSS|SS:;2sS itiViSSSR

QfDOfiCoOfitfCDCCOQtfX
(OJ^ i^
Page
 TABLE 10. [Page 655 1
Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting. 1
Page 656] TABLE 1(1.

Mean Time of Sun's Visible Riring and Setting.

^3==^ 3 S

eSlSSiXBiXBSCESia caaoBaiBSxaj3:s:a;iaa:axe!!r.o!xaaosceaxa;xaT.

Esssssss; 1 SSS2S238SS^5SS5!S5gSS SSSS3SS=S8

E"gSS8SgS2?:]:2S2E?J2S2SS'5gSS?S?525lSSS52SE:2tf

ESSSSSSgggRSc :E:2S?32S$8gS3?e2; :SS8S?g?

ES?ggZgsa8S 8?SSaSSJ!5 SrSSRi^SSS ss$$s?gsss

?3 I SS5g^555SSS2S3SSS8SSa'SS8S 5SSS5;SSS5$

ESS?S!;S;$55lE;?SSKSf?SaSS8SS?;222zt = Sa8S3a3

SSSS 5!$5355?5gS'SS?SS8R8; ^SSS

5 I
^5gSSS3SS3SS SSSSJS1S55!;? 5Si'SSSE88S S5S? Ol-^-r xo
^ I
sssssaseggss'sssssos ISSS8S2S
s 5
Essasssssss sssEs?ssssg,gS5; :
Z^S9;;jS^>S

E2SS23SaS?:S SSRg?!SSSSSlS2S3Sg?S5!5 4555!S?Si'RSS

5 s
EH322rg2 ?JggSSS5SSS,SSS8aSSSS:j I

e22223I;2SS 2S2aSsa^S3S aSSSSSS5g58|3SaSRSS25!S

Egg2?!3SE!S22'S2S2S2222 aa!5S?32SSSS BSS83gS8S5

E8C;SR8a8a8s'2gS{:j:;?;SSS2'22EE2S2S5]?)2aSSgBSa8
o 8

E3S!SS3S8gSS'BaSgK;S?.2ahs2a2?J3S2S's22S225?J2

esss^gsgrt8s's8sasass88lsa8agagR2s|=a232s=?i2n

6SSSSSSSSSS8|8S5SSSgRgs|sa3SSrtSSSa]8JSgSBSSSg?i

63?353??3??S5]S3E?S;)SSJS5!S5SSSS8S8g=SSS3SgKgS

ES?S?S$S5S5 353?35353!; 5i;3S:3SSS3S SSS5S5S5B;

6S28S3SS?Sg2 SSS3SS?S.'?SS S?2S3SSSS!S?S SSSSSi'Si'SJ:'

6!;KS;5S535S5S!;S5S!;SSS'SS3aS3SS!SS'S*S5?*858

1" "i'^x'sr^ "S'lr'i""!"^

 TABLE 10. [Page 657
Mean Time of Sun'g Visible Rising and Setting.

CO BiwBSmcimXmpiaam'BBirnctaiOi'DOi^iCii^aiaipivJcixBi'BlaiaiaiaiBixiA'^Bi^tiai

& ^s;

o--to O'-HO'-HO'-t o3of-<or-io3o3

^ a
^OfNOcSoiMOC

-<i-lt-iriO^OMO C-OrJOMO?JOc5ih

Sh

2 0.C lOiib OibOiAOT

Stt i

eScoi^tcoi'/jciwaM'aJaJeiaJBiMiBitBBJto eJoiBiaiaJmaima; aa:}!aiaitBCaiBi'eXo

Page 658] TABLE li>.

Mean Time of Sun'e Visible Rising and Setting.

o^SiSS^a^S^SSS s 'eg ; s

a^3Qai3Qaix:^ccXx0^ri:iftfxa2xaSxacc,^xxsx9<x xpiccaiaQ^fx^xQ^x

Eg2S232S2SS^5SS88g8S5S;SSSgSgsS2S2SSS2S2S2S
^ (O O O O %D O O 'O j^ O O
--O tJ> '-S O O -O "O |-i3 '-D "J "O -J '^ '.3 <S O "J O "O O tO O '^ O
52S252SSS=;2 2S2g23333SS33

i^s: I SZSo3^s ;S232SSS SS23282g2S

ekfiic.i^w':t>*^r-'0-> t--.pr-i-'^i'-i5XiO'T 5-r7i^^30ri 5 ^ ri'-TiowOMa*

EJ:Si:S2S2S28 23S3?=:SSli^SS:J5S3l5S?:S,SS^2SSSS5S

s2'^2555^s=53 ?is?i3?3S?i3?:o '^.S'=^SS2^5S ?ss^2^as;:?ss

^ 3>
M
c:3?J3?iS?i3?;S plocio'^S^StiaS S25S5^S;3:3 w3*^3??333^S

S "5
So^to'r^&^Si^Stli-oSofiidJuOMiSMiiScSooSOTSjWifcMiOOTfiOQTS?

SggS3SS?:8SS;SSga33?*i3 33S3S3SSS3 S3g53:;??5!5

s s ES:3SSISSS3i$K|S&iJ3S3SS2SS^SSS%2i;39?.?$^$:$?$3$3

" ?ioSSooS90tamtS|n!^o6ASSoOM!)mtA-MS'<r-v7-v^-^
I
kO O O to tQ to tO

^ -D lO 13 lO ts iC u^ '-o >c to ^ -J -It-i ^t -J -': % i.'s ]'**.'; -^

^?s^v:^S'?s3;;:gi35n

s3'iiS3!5SSS3S3SS?
3
fo
^ a
a Ea3g5?y?3?l'45!;35SS?S3S!3a5SE3SSsSS3's>l35SE: = ;

Ea?5:;55;!S3pS5S2a3335 s;?!E?;3SS?;3?!,SSB;;Sa322
^co>Ato>Rto>4t0tAto*aNo>/^'.d>cotatotOtootacotOtoi/3rkai'*a[t^oi-tar>ar*tacka

<tf>/S(0tO%3in(OOtOtA UiA'0>':tO>AtO<AiOiA|U?0>/St^tSr->Sr^iOJt<-iAI'>*Or>Ot^tOr*0

dOt0iAttt'3(OiCtcdtOtntao;009tnto^r>kr:r>>nr>kOr*oli'tcrinr<cr>vr*

5?i5?;5aai'-;s32S23SSiil3?28SSSSSSS|2E2g2323?]S

S!S^!;2$BS,28SSSS532jSS3!;^?;S
tea

KwU
KaQOSoQaiaDXaDflfia afiooaSciiaSvaSadaStnMasafiaDafic&aiaQaSQc aCxaSoBtfxaeaoefiad

"TTI
 TABLE 1(1. [Page 659
Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.
Page 6601
 TABLE 10. [Page 661
Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.

S^ 53 a S S S

aJodoSxiSaJx"maitcBiacocoUMa;ajoSooBioO|SSMa;aiBSMasa!ajai

em?lMC^'^o*^5^T

3 It oicoico>cS.o: 3ii

2 -3

if ftocoooooooc

y^; . :^a:^XJ:.^xX-jJX-^\i^S!irnXa2!^ic;:iU2\XxXauXcD;iicaa^\Oiaaaiu^X^Ci'J2aita
Page 662] TABLE 10.

Mean Time of Snn'e Visible Rising and Setting.

^ -^ ^ SSliC .C i tclio iC ic

oSoisiodBiaiaiaosiaijiixaiadtfccSodcix 3:cc3:xa:xXffie^cc

ESgSSSS3S?5gS;??j; I 58SSSS o^ "^ g^ : .-.c

;SSSS

?.aSSSi = S

gS5Sg?ia?5?:'S?i SS?.?ig55!z:?S SSSo8SSS2!S 2

s >
Si^iccSRSSSS a2?-i$S5S SSS52?SSag

^ 6o*coSo-ro-; !!::gK:SSSSSR5 S?!S2S3 = ?g ZSSS5:?S2::?

rSi*;-!KadbiiT

saSSSIiSSSgE S5!5252S2S,SSaSSSS8 K2524SSSSS

tSSSSSSSSS 8SgSSSg!S25'2?2K2S?358R g5S8S?! = !;S

E!SS5BS?Si'2e 3ISSK838SSS g!S = ?S5ESSS S?;S;;?iSSS2

Eg!;q:5 = 52! = pSSSaS3gg5'528S83SSS =SS5!EsSS?:S

^ ^
ES?.SSSi?t::?i;Z!g:!;2SSs$2SSSS88SSSiSSSS:

ES??.3?;S?5R?lgS f2g$S$35ES SgES2S32S

E8s?i5;ssisa,s?3sass55s iSS8:SS2SSSS!S

>2S? = SSXSE8
J I
S5?:SSSaS?5va.S!8?2!?t:5:2g:

ja^a; SSSRSSSSSS saKg8SSSSSlRSSS3S5!?J58

e2!;2$S5s5?:? ?55Sv?:;!S?aS 8SRSaS?!SK!?'5?SSSSsS5?S5

e2SE:SES28SS 2258!;s!;s5 Sa5S5fi5SS! S5SSSS8SSS

.e to tA tC tC tO <C iC *C tC W >C 0 (ft tc (C C tC 0 *0 (O iC 0 (O 0 (fi W (C (C to iC (C .C *C <C (fi /> tt tC

E"2l2=S33 = 3S 2S2g2SSSES
9tAtOtAO<C*CtC>C>CtO<CU:>CetAt0i<

6=8=8=S=22S 222S25: 2:S:SSS2Sp3C:2t:2S23

ESSSSSSSSSS{SS8S888SSS'2g2S2S2o = o{=s = o=8^8SS

^toV}ieoSowts<ototo<04o|w>toew<otowe<o<ooio

e8SSSS'<SS 8SSSSSS58S'iSSSSSS88S 888S8&8&8&

B82g2g2g2S2g2gSg2o252s2oSo2s=E=;SZ8=8=88
.^tott tf to tttoto to<o (Oto o<o leio w ioto<e<ote<e*o ioio(oto tD*ototo

eeaDBCodOficdoiaoBScd aCosoCaotf edoCoDOCtc ttaQOSaoBfiaotfcnoeaoAecdQiaDtf octtccaecn

TIT" "TTITXXITT xtttt-

 TABLE 10. [Page 663
Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.
Page 664]
Page 666] TABLE 10.

Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rimnf! and Setting.

fl''#''>'r/ft'r#^*r*^fvfiWn
0:xcdxtf:dcCxtfccpadQSa3CESQdtfx3a6a:xs^x0^ccQiQQCaDCQQB:cdcC0GCCx

SSSSoSo'^o'vo 5SSSSSSSS SSSsriSsgSt:^;

^ lA iC (C ^ >a < u; I/: I

2, I 6?g5!S = Sg:e53

6SS5S?S?gSSS SSaSS3gSSS;t;SSSag?32S= S22SS22i

^ to ic US lA tc ic ^ >o tn< <a>c tctc <fitci0 <otit u tc (o is wtc te tO w ^ to tA tc tc ts
tx; I/) tfi tfi u:

l8SS'agSSaSSSag S222J;2 = e;

3SS33S SSSSSSSgs58 ssggSSSSas SS22U;;:22:

SS2|SS??S55.'gg2gS?;S8'^saS?;3S38SS8S2g = S2S:

I
3SS9SS;;^^s:;sss;:S^SSEs;s'2SSS8S5'^S

E$9S9SS&3%S 3SSZ^S:SSEJf3SSS!;8SSSS ?:3SS?:8SS2SS2

ES5SSSSRSSS!?SSSggSSsSJSSS!iSa8R5Sg;S8SSSSSSS'=2S

i s
ESgiSSSSSSKS|SgS8Si33SSS|SSSE8SSgS8[RSSSgagSSriS;iS
t I
;^S5?SoSg88S3SS
s i h e;3?s$ss ;2feSS;?SS 3SSESSS3SSg S8SSSgagt;gt;5

E9S5SCSSSSS gSSSSJRSSS'SSSESESSSS ggS38SS8o?.gjiS

ES!SS!S5lS5S?i"iSSgSS3S3SSSSS3?SESSSS!sS8S?S385!oo-g
^ tO U5 >0 iC tO >/

ess3S9z?s9s|;:;323:7s;::;s:? ss!;%KESEiSS $S3^^s;;ggsi^

E?g?S5g9S5SJS!SS!3?25aSS|?a?g38gESESS!KaSSSS?SSffS';:S

E5S?S5g?35S5353335:S?SteS5SSSSBSESE?5SIS.'5S5Sv^35

E5KSS3S3p3;S?55S5SS!SSJS5JE5!E3E5SS5?5 = .s=3
,^ieift>CkOtog?ietfttOkOiAkOintc>f:tCia>oiAtAic>oie>o>c<iAiCiO>AteiOio>etfttitw-tCk'. ':-': o
ES3!*3SSSaS2i933SSSS?S! ;S = S;S5S5SI5E5K:;Ei;E5!Si!

E9S3S3S9iS9Sb!;S!;:S!;S!;%'!;s^S!;:t?!;St;s'$SS:!;$s^$3?:i:f'?:^

2, E3X99;3S3S3SpS$S%s;%$:S$S9S9S9S$SpS$S$S$s:9S$S

rojnd $00 etmeimXaeiiKeiaaaiaacimXmaiiiXm BttiBimeiietiw^tBameiaa tf ODQAadatfcnafix

 [Page 667
TABLE 10.

of Sun'8 Visible Rising and Setting.

Mean Time
 Page 668] TABLE 10.

Mean Time of Son's Visible Rising and Setting.

T
Kx'ttaoPfxSxttaQjctfuaSxKmKafex.oiKeixBixItficBSEc 3:xB:xaiaa:i]

e5S2a2S2S8?,g?S5SS96;S S5S2?!Sg gggiSSgSiS;:^

^sssss;

:a,ssss8sssg; ssssssssssg ssssgggRsig

Eg8S85S?Jg5E; i;:.'S?JSSg?S SSJSSS^S^gE SS5g?ig = 6?3

eSSSS58SS?38 28SS2S22S?) gggSSSSSSS 5;5Sg8g?:S5 =

ESSSSSSaSSS SSSS28222S g2gS5SESSS 5S5SSgSgRS

S I E:;&gSSSS2SS SSSSS!33S&!:S ZS=^gSS?:8S :SSZ&SS;!;3S

E"!g55S55SSS:':rtS52S2Sg?5S SS^ = Z-SEBc^ SSZasSSS??

S 3

esssss?53K3S 5S!Ss;;y!;ss !;ss:;rsssgsgte;8g:;i:222

isnsm^.StiSti S^SS99^SfS^\^^^^^:?.^SsS ^SSSS&SSi.

ESSSS;g55gS2S?g5-SS5:sS?S!55:5!S55SS|5SSSgSSSR5
- I
!
* 5 68agasagSSS|SS5S8SiS;?:<S;!?S5?gS?555;i?5S5SSS53S!S
. c
E22S;S = ?:2?!8S 55g?SfiagSg 8aS5KSSK5?S ^?555S55g
3 I
^1*- wr*r
:sfc?;=f!2agSS gssrig;?=?:"8-Isfi5Bg^g5
c2 B
E?J3SS8222KSS229 = 2S!laS=r'58?55V.ri:5S3ag88SSS
I
E = =a232aS|?iSc;?;SaC22 22E8SSfi2g!2a=S8RS8SS

EsS8S5gS2a='E-,=K::a:;s2fiz[?;n2fJus282 2g2sE?iaz?:

EasSSSSSfeSS J?SKSSgg2lg!2g=5:Jt;:iS2 S5=SS2?Jl:?i2

ES8S8SSSS3S;3|!;3!?SS8^S^8{^8^&3&;SS!;S|SSS2s2g = S;S

e9898983S9o SS9S?o7g7g,?83gS83SSS g3S3SSS;8!;S

eCxaeucxadx|a^xBSxaxciaxoCxfiSaL'aeaeadGe 00^06^00
,.
 M

TABLE 10. [Page 671

Mean Time of Sun's Visible Rising and Setting.

SKo S S S S^ o s

ficicntf oQCtiaDoinpciaip^coOiiaipiQQtfdpijoQ a; m pi cri p:i of tf cc d oq o^odtfGca^odpiHCQtf

s ^
SSSSfSc

-2

^ i
J a
a 1
8 I
mSc5c
I

fiO'-<aot.-<i-^'T.-ir-oOr-i'*"*c

3cioc3oMicSiOMi

Jp-foa01-^w^~>'^2|QO<-'OOlWr-

300 MaOOJC^iO^C

OuSoSooS

'xojody ^^ oiwCAc6^t:6Xi^pd':a BSoiOaiaiaiBiccaiiQ 03aiCiSaiS5a:ai BScdcSaJMcoJsSoiWa

21594 36
Page 672]
Page 674J
Page 676]
 Page 678J TABLE 12.

For finding the Variation of the Sun's Right Asceneion or Declination, or of the Equation of Time, in
any number of minutes of time, the Horary Motion being given at the top of the page in seconds,
and the number of minutes of time in the side column. Also for finding the Variation of the
Moon's Declination or Right Ascension, in seconds of time, the motion in one minute being given
at the top and the numbers in the side column being taken for seconds.
 TABLE 12. [Page 679
Fur finding tlie Variation of tlie Sun's Right Ascension or Declination, or of the Equation of Time, in
any number of minutes of time, the Horary Motion being given at the top of the page in seconds,
and the number of minutes of time in the side colunm. Also for finding the Variatior of the
Moon's Declination or Eight Ascension, in seconds of time, the motion in one minute being given
at the top and the numbers in the side column being taken for seconds.
Page 680]
 TABLE 12. [Page 681
For finding the Variation of the Sun's Right Ascension or DecHnation, or of the Equation of Time, in
any number of minutes of time, the Horary Motion being given at the top of the page in seconds,
and the number of minutes of time in the side cohimn. Also for findmg the Variation of the
Moon's Declination or Righi Ascension in seconds of time, the motion in one minute being given
at the top, and the numbers in the side column being taken for seconds.
 TABLE 13. [Page 683
For finding the Sun's change of Right Ascension for any given number of hours.
Page 684] TABLE IK. |

For finding the Sun's change of Right Ascension for any given number of hours.
TABLES 14, 15, 16. [Page 686
Page 686] TAHLE 17.

Parallax in Altitude of a Planet.

Page 638]
Page 692]
Page 694]
1

Page 696]
Page 698] TABLE 24.
Page 700]
Page 702] TABLE 25.
Page 704]
 TABLE 20. [Page 705
Variation of Altitude in one minute from meridian passage.
Pag
 TABLE 26. [Page 707
Vajiation of Altitude in one minute from meridian passage.
Page 708J TAHLK _'.;.

Variation of Altitude in one minute from nieridian passage.

Page 710J
 TABLE 2(!. [Page 711
Variation of Altitude in one minute from meridian passage.
Page 712]
Page 714j
Page 716]
Pag 726J TABLE 3n.

Conversion Tables for Metric and English Linear Measure.

iteiric to Engtith.
 Page 728] TABLE 3l>.

To obtain the True Force and Direction of the Wind from ita Apparent Force and Direction on a
Moving Vessel.
Page 732] TABLK ;;:..
 TARLE :;s. [Page 739
Error in Longitude due to one minute Error of Latitude.
Page 740]
TABLE 39. [Page 741
Amplitudes.
Page742J
TABLE 39. [Page 743
Amplitudes.
Page 744] TABLE 3H.

Amplitudes.
 TABLE -iO. [Page 746
Correction of the Amplitude as observed on the Apparent Horizon.
Page 746]
Page 748]
Page 760]
Page 762]
Page 754J
1
Page 753J
Page 760]
Page 762]
Page764j
Page 7661
Page 768]
Page 770J
 TABLE 43. [Page 771
Logarithmic Sines, Tangents, and Secants to every Point and Quarter Point of the Compass.
Page 772
f-
Page 774]
Page 776
Page 778j
Page 780]
Pag-e 782]
Page 784]
Page 786]
Page 788]
Page 790j
Page 792J
Page 794]
Page 796]
Page 798J
Page 800J
Page 802]
Page 804]
Page 806]
Page 808]
 -

Page 810]
n Page 812]
Page 814]
Page 816]
Page 818] TABLE 45.
Page 820]
Page 822] TABLE 45.
Page
Page 826]
Page 828]
Page 830]
TABLE 45. [Page 831
Haversines.
i^
1 Page 832]
Page 834]
Page 836]
Page 838]
T.VBLE 4.-..
[Page 839
Haversines.
 ! : 1 1

Page 840] TABLE 4.5.

Haversines.

25^ 36 15' Sh 26^ 36 W ?* iT" 36 45' ill fSm 37 15'

Log. Ilav. Nat. Ilav Log. Hav. Nat. Hav Log. Hav. N'at. Hav. Log. Hav. Nat.
I
Hav Log. Hav. Nut. Ha

8.98,578 .09678 8.99154 .09807 8.99727 I .09937 9.00860 .10200

.98.587 .09680 .99164 .09809 .99736 1
.09939 .00869 .10202
.98597 .09683 .99173 .09811 .99746 .09952 .00878 .10204
.98606 .09684 .99183 ^09814 .99755 .09944 .008SS .10206
+ 1' 8.98616 .09686 8.99193 .09816 8.9976.5 I .09946 9.00897 .10209
5 .98626 .09689 .99202 .09818 .99774 .09948 .00906 .10211
6 .98635 .09691 .99212 .09820 .99784 .09950 .00916 .10213
7 .98645 .09693 .99221 .09822 .99793 I
.0995:i .00925 .10215
+ 2' 8.98655 .09695 8.99231 .09824 8.99803 .09955 9.00935 .10218
9 .98661 .09697 .99240 .09827 .99812 1
.09957 .00941 .10220
.98674 .09699 .99250 .09829 .99822 j
.09959 .0095:; .10222
.98684 .09701 .99260 .09831 .99831 .09961 .O0<)6:4 .10224
+ 3' 8.9869:! .09704 8.9U269 .09833 8.99841 .09963 9.00972" .10226
.9870.i .09706 .99279 .098:t5 .998.50 .09966 .00981 .10228
.98712 .09708 .99288 .09837 .99S60 .09968 .0099 .10231
_^98722 ^09no .99298 .09S1(I .09970 .0I(HX1 .10233
8.98732 .09712 8.99307 '.09S42 .09972 9.01009 .10235
.98741 .09714 .99317 .09S44 .09974 .01019 .10237
.98751 .09717 .99327 .09846 .9!/s;i8 .09977 .0102^ .10240
.98761 .09719 .99336 .09848 .99907 .09979 .0lo:>: .10242
8.98770 I .09721 8.99346 .09850 8.99917 .09981 9.01047 .10244
.98780 t
.09723 .99355 .09853 .99926 I
.09983 .OI0.5(i .10246
.98790 .09725 .99365 .09855 .99936 .09985 .ou)(;5 .10248
.987 99 .09727 ^993jjl^ .09857 .99945 .09987 .01075 .10251
8.98809 .09729 8.99384 .09859 8799955 .09990 9.010SI .1025.3
.98818 .09732 .99393 .09861 .99964 .09993 .01091 .10255
.98828 .09734 .99403 .09863 .99974 I
.09994 .0110:i .10257
_ .98838 .09736 .99412 .09866 .99983 ^09996 J)1112 ^10259
8:98847 .09738 8.99422 .09868 8.99993 ,
.09998 9.01122 .10262
'

.98857 .09740 .99432 .09870 9.00002 .10000 .01131 .10264

.98866 .09742 .99441 .09872 .00012 .10003 .0114(1
'

.10266
_^98876 .09745 .99451 .09874 .fHH12! .1000.5 .01150 .10268
8.98886 .09747 8.99460 .09876 9.()oo:'.l .10007 9.01 15m .10270
.98895 .09749 .99470 .09879 .0(K)40 .10009 .oiii;s .10273
.98905 .09751 .99479 .09881 xm\\'.\ .10011 .oii:> .10275
_^98915 .09753 .!l!ll.'^9 .09SH3 (KKIMI .10014 _oiis: .10277
8.98924 .09:.7.' .n9ss.-. 9,(101 .i,s .1(1016 9.01196 I
.10279
.98934 .0975; .!)!I5|)S .09s^SJ .(MKCV .10018 .01206 I
.10281
.98943 .09760 .99517 .09890 .000^7 .10020 .01215 .10284
.989.53 .09762 _ .99527 .09892 .(HHHIT .10022 .01224 .102SG
8.98963 .09764 "8.99536 .09894 9.001(111 .1002.'. 9.(I12:!4 .10288
I

.98972 .09766 .99.516 .09896 .001 1 (; .10027 .0124:1 .10290

.98982 I .09768 .99556 .09898 .00125 I

.100'9 .012-52 .10'J93

.98991 .09770 .99565 .09900 .(Xii:r. .10031 _.01262 .10295
8.9900r' .09773 8.9957.5 '.oooai 9.(KI14I .10033 9.01271 .10297
.99011 .09775 .99.584 .09905 .00151 .1003.1 .01280 i
.10299
.99020 .09777 .99594 .09907 .(KH63 .I003S .01289 I

.10301
.99030 .09779 .99603 .09909 .(HI 172 .10010 .01299 .10304
'8.99039 .09781 8.99613 V09911 '9.(H11,S2 .10042 jr.0130S .10.306
.990-19 .09783 .99622 .09913 .(X)191 .10014 .01317 .10308
.99058 .09786 .99632 .09916 .00201 .10046 .01327 .10310
.99068 .09788 .99641 .09918 .00210 .10049 _0I336 .10312
8.0907S .09790 .99651 .09920 9(H)2J0 .1 00.1 901315 .10315
.9<M1S7 ,
.09792 .99f;60 .09922 .00229 .10053 .01:1.55 .10317
.99097 .09794 .99670 .09924 .(H)2;19 .100.S5 .01364 .10319
_J9106 '

.09796 .99679 .09926 .(H)2IX .10057 _^01373 .10321

8.99116 .<I979 8.99689 .09929 9.{KI25S .100.19 9.013S:; .10323
.99121! .09801 .99i;9.S .09931 .(KI2(i7 .10062 .01:192 .10326
.99135 ,
.09803 .99708 .09933 .(KI27(; .10064 .014(11 .10328
_^99145 .09805 .99717 .099.%> .002Si; .10066 .01411 .I0:0
+ I' 8.99154 ,
.09807 8.99727 .09937 9.0(1295 .IOn6S 9.01421) .I0.%32

nl^.W" f /* SSm il>> .?."> :?/* M"

Page 842]
Page 844] T.\BLE 4:..

Ilaveryinw.
Page 846]
Page 848] TABLE 45.
Haversines.
Page 850]
TABLE 4->. [Page 851
Havereines.
Page 852 j TABLE 45.
Ilavereines.
Page 854]
Page 856]
Page 858]
Page 860]
Page 862]
Page 864]
Page 866]
Page 868]
Page 870]
Page 872] T.VBLE 4.5.

Haversinea.
TABLE 45. [Page 873
Haversinea.
Page 874]
Page 876] TABLE 45.
Haversines.
Page 878]
Page 880]
Page 882] TABLE 45.
llaversinea.
Page 884]
Page 886]
 [Page 887
TABLE 45.

Si.

5" 30' 6* 23'" 95 45' I 6^ 2-i"'- 96 0'

.55009 9.74215
.54792 9.74044
.74047 .55013 .74218
.54796 I

.74049 .55017 .74220

.73878 .54800
.73881 .54803 .74052 ^020 ^74223_1
.54807 9.74055 ..15024 9.74226 I

.74058 .55028 .74229

.54810 I

.54814 .74061 .55031 .74232

.54818 .71064 ^55035 _jl235^
.54821 9.74067 .55038 ^774237
.74069 .55042 .74240
.54835
.74072 .55046 .74243
.54828
.54832 .74075 ^55049 ^74246
9.74078 .55053 9.74249
.74081 .55056 .74252
.74084 .55060 .74254
.55064 .7425'
.74087
9.74089 "7550 9.74260
.74092 .55071 .74263
.74095 .55075 .74266
.74098 .55078 .74269
"97427^
9.74101 "7;55082
.74104 .55085 .74274
.74106 .55089 .74277
.74109 ^,55093 .74280

9.74112 .55096 9774283

.74115 .55100 .74286
.74118 .55103 .74289
.74121 .55107 _J4291
":55iir| 9.74294
.54894 9.74124
.74126 .55114 .74297
,54897
.74129 .55118 .74300
,54901
.54904 .74132 ^55122 _74303
,54908 9774135 .55125 9.74306
.74138 ,55129 .74308
,54912
.74141 .55132 .74311
,54915
74144 ^65136 .74314
M919^
.55140 9.74317
,54923 9J4146
.74149 .55143 .74320
,54926
.71152 .55147 .74323
,5:930
.74155 ^5150 .74325
.5^3
,54937 9774158" .55154
,54941 .74161 .55158
,54944 .71163 .55161
,54948 .74166 ^5165^
9^74169 7,55169
,54955 ,74172 .55172
,54521 ,54959 .74175 .55176
.54524 .74178 ^55179
^4963
.54528 .55183
.54966 iKTilSl"
.54532 ,54970 ,74183 .55187
.54535 .54973 ,74186 .55190
.74015
,54539 .54977 .74189 J5194
.54542
_J4018^
.55197
9.74021 T549S0 9.74192
9.73676 .54546 .54984 .74195 .55201
.74024
.73679 .54550 .54988 74198 .55205
.74027
.73682 .54553
.74029 _^4991_ _74200_ _^208
.73685 J4557 754995 9.74203 .55212
"9^4032
9.73688 .54561 .54999 .74200 .55216
,74035
.73691 .54564 .55002 .74209 .55219
.54668 ,55223
.73694 ^5006 .74212
.73697 .5*571 9.74215 ,55226
.5.5009
,54575
171'- 3.-,
37"^ nh SO'
i7h 39m
Page 888]
Page 890]
Page 892]
TABLE 45. [Page 893
Havereines.
Page 894]
Page 896!
Page 898]
Page 900]
Page 902] TABLK 45.

Ilavcreine.-.
Page 904] TABLE 45.
llavereines.
Page 908]
Page 910]
Page 912] TABLE 4:..
TABLE 45. [Page 913
Page 914] TABLK -i:..

IIav,T-in,--.
Page 916] TABLE 4.5.
 .

Page 918] TABI>F> l."

Ilavcrsincs.

10* 5im 163 164

U.*:. lluv, iiit. llav Lot'. IlaT^N .1. 11.H

9.99041 l.9715 9.99 111 0. 98063

.99043 .9;si9 .991.'iL': . HS067
.9!l(H4 .97824 .9yi.=>4; , 98071
.!i!(M(; .97M28 .99150 i , .98075
9, 9 904 S 1.97832 9.9910S I
0, .98079
.99(l.=)0 .97*J6 .991.59 .98083 \
.

,990.'iL' .9741 .991(,1 .98087 I

,

.991l.i4 .97H4.5 .9910.5: .98091 ,

9.990."i(; 1.97843 9.99105 0. .98095 I

.990.1S .9785:{ .99100' .98099 ,

.99().'.9 .97858 .99l0.-> .98103 ,

.99(lil .97862 .99170 ,98107 1 .

9.990(i:i I.978fi6 9.9917:; 0. .98111 i

.99(10.5 .97870 .9917:5 ,98115 ,

9.990()7 1.97874 9.99175 0, .98119 I

/(>" 41' 160^ JO'' .v.i" 163 Kih .i:

J64'
9.970;y 97a;9 9.99009 0.97879 9.99177 1.98123
.98706 97064 .99071 .97883 .99179 .98127
.9K708 97069 .99072 .97887 .99180 .98131
.98710 97074 .99074 .97891 .991K2 .98135
9.9K712 97078 9. 99(170 0.97895 9.991.S4 1.98139
.98714 97083 .9907.S .97899 .99180 .98142
.98717 9708S .990^0 .97904 .991S7 .98146
.98719 97093 .99(l>-2 .97908 .991S9 .98150
9.98721 97098 9.990VI 0.97912 9.99191 1.98154
.9872:5 97103 .:i9(l>5 .97916 .9919:; .98158
.98725 97108 .99(1^7 .97920 .99194 .98162
.98728 97113 .99(.S9 .97924 .9919(i .98166
9.98730 97117 9.9.<977 9.9:11191 0.97929 9.99I9^ 1.98170
.98732 97122 .9.-^979 .9!MI9:5 .979:W .99200 .9HI74
9.987:54 I 0. 97127 9.9.V9S1 9.9909.5 , 0.97937 9.99201 1.98178
l7ih

Klfi .it;n 161 164

9.9S,so:5 0.97416 9.9:i2o;i
I
0. ,98182
.9KS(;5 .97421 .99205 ,98185 ,

.9SS07 .97425 .99200 ,98189

'
.

.98S09 .97430 .99208 ,98193

1
,

9.9,XS71 0.97435 9.99210 0, ,98197 j

.9S,S7:5 .97439 .99212 ,98201 ,

.9SH75 .97444 .9921:5 ,98205 ,

.9SS77 .97448 .99215 ,98209

9.9SSS0 0.97453 9.99217 0. ,98212
.9SSS2 .97458 .9921s, ,98216 .

.9S,SSI .97462 .99220 ,98220

'

.9s><s(; .97407 .9!i222 .98224

0.97471 9.!i!'22:i 0, .9S228
;90 .97476 .9S232
0.97180 .9S236
/.11 l.i'i

/(/I J.fm 160"' tiih 47"! 161_ 162^ lil'> |_163 lOli :i9''> 164
I 'i^Ti.'l 0.97204 9 9,^S'|| 0.9748,> 9.990121 0.97751 9.99124 0.9.S002 9.99229 ;982:
I I

'i-~ . I .97209 9SVI0 .97490 .99014 .97755I 99120 .98007 .9!I2:50 .98243
.97211 'isyis .97191 .99010 .97760I
99127 .9.8011 .992:52 I
.98247
- . .97219 9-<900 .97499 .99018 .97761 .99129 .98015 .992:54
'

.98251
I

0.97221 9 9s'ili2 0.97.>03 9.9!t020 0.9776S 9.991:51 0.98019 9.992:55 '

.981M
'1 .97ri8 !Is:hii .97508 .99022 .97773 .991:1:5 9,8023 .992:57 .98'^58
'- M .97233 'is'iiir, .97512 .!l9024 .97777!
991:5,5 .98027 .992:59
j

.98262
i~. - >7238 9VIIIS .99020 .98266
1 !I7.-,17 .97781 .991:50 .98031 .99210
.m; 0.97213 9.99027 0.97785 9.991:58 0.98035 9 99242 .98270
,-- .97217 .)'9n29 .97790 .99140 .98039 .99244
'

.9S274
,:in .72.VJ .990;!1 .97794 .99142 .9H0I3 ,99245 .9S277
.'.' .972.); .98281
.99o:t.i .97798 .9914:5 .98047 ,99247
ril 0.97202 9.99(i:ri 0.97802 9.9914.5 0.9,8051 9.99249 ,98285
'" .97266 .9:io:'.7 .97807 .99147 .980.S5 .99250 .98289
:'N .97271 .97811 .99149 .98059 .99252 ,98293
">! 0.;27i 9 ! 9041 0.97815 9 991.51 0.98063 9 99251 ,98296
I'ih i,;m'
Page 920]
Page
Page 924]
Page 926]
Page
Page
Page
Page 934j
Page 936]
Page 938J
Page 940J
Page 942]
Page 944]
e)

'>
 14 DAY USE
RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BOWIQWED

This book is due on the last date stamped below, or

on the date to which renewed.
Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.
 TU tlbM^

A AfrKoMOMir-
iWRAiir

;z_