Duties of Psychologists

Psychologists typically do the following:

Conduct scientific studies of behavior and brain function

Collect information through observations, interviews, surveys, and other methods

Identify psychological, emotional, behavioral, or organizational issues and diagnose disorders,

using information obtained from their research

Research and identify behavioral or emotional patterns

Test for patterns that will help them better understand and predict behavior

Discuss the treatment of problems with their clients

Write articles, research papers, and reports to share findings and educate others

Psychologists seek to understand and explain thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behavior. Psychologists
use techniques such as observation, assessment, and experimentation to develop theories about the
beliefs and feelings that influence a person.

Psychologists often gather information and evaluate behavior through controlled laboratory
experiments, psychoanalysis, or psychotherapy. They also may administer personality, performance,
aptitude, or intelligence tests. They look for patterns of behavior or relationships between events, and
use this information when testing theories in their research or treating patients.

The following are examples of types of psychologists:

Clinical psychologists

Health psychologists

Neuropsychologists

Counseling psychologists .

Developmental psychologists

Forensic psychologists

Industrial-organizational psychologists

School psychologists

Social psychologists

Some psychologists become postsecondary teachers or high school teachers.

Work Environment for Psychologists[

Psychologists held about 173,900 jobs in 2014. The industries that employed the most psychologists
were as follows:

Elementary and secondary schools; state, local, and private 25%

Government 10

Offices of mental health practitioners (except physicians) 9

Hospitals; state, local, and private 6

Individual and family services 5

Psychologist Work Schedules

Psychologists in private practice often set their own hours, and many work part time as independent
consultants. They may work evenings or weekends to accommodate clients. Those employed in
hospitals or other healthcare facilities may also have evening or weekend shifts. Most psychologists in
clinics, government, industry, or schools work full-time schedules during regular business hours.

Psychologist EducationMost clinical, counseling, and research psychologists need a doctoral degree.
Students can complete a Ph.D. in psychology or a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) degree. A Ph.D. in
psychology is a research degree that is obtained after taking a comprehensive exam and writing a
dissertation based on original research. Ph.D programs typically include courses on statistics and
experimental procedures. The Psy.D. is a clinical degree and is often based on practical work and
examinations rather than a dissertation. In clinical, counseling, school, or health service settings,
students usually complete a 1-year internship as part of the doctoral program

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensing laws vary by state and type of position. Most clinical and counseling psychologists need a
doctorate in psychology, an internship, at least 1 to 2 years of supervised professional experience, and
to pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology. Information on specific state
requirements can be obtained from the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards. In many
states, licensed psychologists must complete continuing education courses to keep their licenses.The
American Board of Professional Psychology awards specialty certification in 15 areas of psychology, such
as clinical health, couple and family, or rehabilitation. The American Board of Professional
Neuropsychology offers certification in neuropsychology. Board certification can demonstrate
professional expertise in a specialty area. Certification is not required for most psychologists, but some
hospitals and clinics do require certification. In those cases, candidates must have a doctoral degree in
psychology, state license or certification, and any additional criteria of the specialty field.
ASTRONAUT

Lots of kids dream of being an astronaut but may not realize how intense the program is or what the
actual responsibilities are. An astronaut boards a spacecraft to fly on missions for very specific purposes.
Astronauts work as part of a crew and therefore have specific responsibilities aboard the spacecraft.
Astronauts go through very specialized and intense training to prepare for these space missions. They
must pass certain physical requirements as well as comprehensive academic and mental exams.
Astronauts fly to various destinations to conduct research and experiments. These missions may vary
and therefore the actual focus and responsibilities of the astronaut will change with each mission.

There are various roles that an astronaut may serve as as a part of the spacecrafts crew, ranging from a
mission specialist to a commander. The more experience and background that an astronaut has, the
more responsibilities that astronaut may have. Not only are astronauts responsible for fulfilling the
terms, or purpose, of their mission, but they are also responsible for ensuring safety of the spacecraft
and the crew. They help each member of their crew to maintain normal functions and to stay safe to
work through the missions. Astronauts often will observe the environment they fly to, taking something
from there or bringing something back there.

Training/Educational Requirements

Though the minimum educational requirement for an astronaut is a bachelors degree, there is usually a
more specific focus preferred than that. Though it is not necessarily always spelled out, it is preferred if
an astronaut has a bachelors degree in a space-related focus, such as math, biology or some other form
of science, engineering, or even psychology. Many astronauts have advanced degrees.
The training program is the most intense part of the requirement for astronauts. Astronauts must be in
excellent physical shape, and this may be a focus of their training program. They must pass physical
exams to be selected for a mission. Astronauts must follow a very stringent training program as set forth
by NASA that involves comprehension exams, physical exams, and tests knowledge and abilities in a
variety of different areas. Passing these exams and the overall training program is an extremely
important measure to meet. Astronauts will be trained in simulation exercises so that they can get the
feel of being in space, and so that they are prepared for the work that lies ahead of them. Initial and
ongoing training is an extremely important part of the job as an astronaut

How to Get Hired

The best way to get hired initially is to show great promise in a related field. The educational
requirement is part of the equation, as is working in the field. It can help to work previously in a field
such as engineering or piloting, if one wants to become a mission specialist. To be hired as an
astronaut pilot or mission commander, actual flying experience and a solid background in a related
field will become an important consideration. As an astronaut gains more experience, she or he may
move on to different roles with increased responsibility.
Working Environment

The working environment for an astronaut is unlike any other profession. Though astronauts may
spend a majority of their time in classrooms, simulation environments, or gyms to improve upon their
physical requirements, astronauts also spend part of their time in actual spacecrafts. Its important to
remember that the time spent on missions is minimal compared to the actual preparation, but all of
the work that astronauts put in is fundamental to that time spent on missions.Astronauts may work
long hours, particularly when they are on missionsup to 100 hours a week in some instances.
Astronauts must be able to stay calm in what can prove to be stressful environments. They must be
focused on safety and on ensuring that they are physically and mentally prepared for their missions.

Salary and Benefits

Though the average salary for an astronaut is around $55,000, this can be a bit deceptive as salaries
actually fall into rather wide range. Astronauts can work in a variety of different positions and
therefore the salary can be anywhere from $27,000 for those just starting out to over $80,000 for
those with great experience and responsibilities. Astronauts receive excellent benefits, including
medical coverage, paid vacation, tuition reimbursement, pension savings account, and potentially
even more.
FOOTBALLER

1. Entry requirements

There are no set requirements but you'll need football playing talent and physical fitness.

2. Skills required

You'll need:

exceptional footwork and technical skills

the ability to cope with the stress of top matches

3. What you'll do

Your day-to-day activities may include:

training to improve your skills and fitness

playing matches against teams in your league

discussing tactics

watching videos of matches to analyse your strengths and weaknesses

getting fitness advice from physiotherapists, coaches and nutritionists

You may also give interviews to the media, appear in adverts to promote products or do charity work.

4. Salary

Your salary will vary widely depending on your reputation as a player, and on the club's finances. You
may earn extras like appearance fees, sponsorship and bonuses based on performances and results.

5. Working hours, patterns and environment

You'll train most days. Match fixtures are usually evenings and weekends. You'll travel with your club or
team to matches all over the UK or abroad, so you may spend time away from home.

6. Career path and progression

If you're 16 to 19, you may get a place on the Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE)
scheme.

You could progress by transferring to a club higher up in the football leagues.

You could move into related careers like coaching, fitness instruction, refereeing, management, sports
development or journalism.
Becoming a Secret Agent
Spies drive Ferraris, jet-set around the globe, party with models and billionaires, whip out
their karate skills and use cool gadgets, right? Not quite - get the inside scoop on what it takes
to be a spy!

Secret Agents - The Life of a Spy

Secret agents, or spies, work for the Central Intelligence Agency to uncover confidential
information about hostile countries, usually regarding their military or naval affairs. While secret
agents travel around the world to carry out dangerous missions, they're not always in the lap of
luxury. Sometimes they get sent to really crappy places where there's no electricity or running
water! Secret agents - the key word here being secret - can't reveal their identity or talk about their
work, so they have to lie and tell everyone they're a truck driver or a spoon salesperson. So if
you can't keep a secret, then you better have a back-up career choice.

Secret Agents - What It Takes

The CIA isn't like the circus - you can't just run off to join them. You need to have a college
degree and earn a minimum 3.0 GPA. Any field of study can prepare you for the CIA, but they
prefer computer science, engineering and economics. It also helps if you're fluent in another
language, especially a hard-target language. What's a hard-target? Check out the glossary below!

Secret Agents - Talk the Talk

Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to learn these spy terms.

Double Agent - An agent who works for two different governments, but gives false
info to one of them.
Rabbit - The person who is being spied on.
Dead Drop - A secret location used to pass items and information between agents
without having to meet.
Hard-Target Country - A country that's hard to spy on, like China, Russia and North
Korea.
Cryptography - Changing information into a secret code so that unauthorized third
parties can't read it.

Secret Agents - Did U Know?

As expected, a secret agent's salary is top-secret! But we've heard through the grapevine
that it's not good, especially considering how risky the job is.
The most famous fictional secret agent is Bond, James Bond. Others include Austin
Powers, Agent Cody Banks, Johnny English and Ethan Hunt from Mission: Impossible.
British actor Daniel Craig plays the latest 007 agent in Casino Royale - it opens in
theaters on November 17, 2006!
Head to the official CIA website to get more info about becoming a spy. You can also
take a personality quiz to find out if this is really the career for you!
What do pilots do?

"Can you fly this plane and land it?"

We'll call this the Leslie Nielsen memorial job description after his famous "Airplane!" movie character.
There was perhaps no greater pilot since the Wright brothers.

Pilots aren't surrounded with the mystique of the 1960s and 70s, but they are still well respected and
highly trained professionals. Airline pilots usually work in pairs and are responsible for all crew and
passengers from boarding to landing. Flying around the world often results in jet lag and a ton of time
away from home, so it's not for everyone. The airline will provide for all your out-of-town
accommodations though.

How much do pilots make?

The average salary for all pilots is about $65,000 per year. Commercial pilots' income varies based on
experience, seniority, rank and the type of aircraft they fly. Pilots with extensive experience can make
higher wages up to $129,000.

Skills
You will need to show:

an understanding of maths and physics;

an ability to understand technical information, as pilots need to know how their
aircraft works;
excellent spatial awareness and coordination;
good communication skills;
team-working skills;
the ability to think quickly and make decisions in difficult situations;
the capacity to remain calm under pressure;
discipline, self-confidence and commitment;
leadership skills, with the ability to give clear commands to cabin crew and
passengers.

There are two major paths to pilot jobs: military and civilian. The military has always been a
popular career avenue for many commercial airline pilots. The military produces highly trained,
technically proficient and disciplined pilots with a track record of success, so it's a much lower-risk
hire for airlines.

Career paths for pilots

Because pilots are so highly trained, their opportunities for promotion are usually only into other higher
ranking flying positions. Lots of pilots start out as flight instructors and start flying charter planes as they
acquire experience and log hours of flight time. Some also start flying corporate jets for company fleets. In
commercial airline jobs, promotions are typically in title and rank only. Certainly not a bad thing, as they
usually come with more money and better compensation packages.
 BUSINESSMAN

The job duties of a businessman vary dramatically by industry and scale of the enterprise, but you
can be certain the owner of a small or medium-sized business will have his or her thumb on the
pulse of the finances of the company, and play a part in managing personnel as well.
Businessmen are also typically involved in business strategy, especially the marketing and pricing
of the products and/or services

. Training

Some businessmen have been to college, and some even have business or business administration
degrees, but most small businessmen have relatively little formal business education. Many successful
businessmen are largely self-taught, having learned from experience in running a business; others went
to night school or took online classes to learn more about managing a business.

College. A degree in business makes sense for any businessman, though you should research
the industries youre interested in before declaring your major. Some positions may prefer more
specialized degrees, so do your homework.[2]
Trade schools. If the business youre interested in specializes in a particular trade, you might be
best off immersing yourself in the trade.
Lectures and seminars. Listening to the advice of those who are successful in their field can be
enlightening. Check the schedule at local colleges for speaking tours, or search online for
industry-related speaking engagements in your city. Staying up-to-date on what the top minds in
the industry are saying is essential, even if you already think youre at the top of your game

SALARIES

Health sciences grads are enjoying the biggest increase, 9.4%, over 2012, with a
starting salary of $50,000.The gain for business majors is 7.1%, bringing the averagesalary for
the discipline to $54,000. Salaries are also increasing for education and computer science
grads

Strategic Duties

A businessman has to plan ahead for the success of his business. This means both short-term and long-
term strategic planning. Short-term planning might include whether to hold a sale over a holiday weekend
and how many staff to schedule, while long-term strategic planning might include diversification of
products and considering the outsourcing of accounting or HR functions.
 1. Entry requirements
You could either:

take a degree in information management or librarian studies, approved by the Chartered

Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP)
complete a postgraduate qualification approved by CILIP (if you already have a degree)
have your skills and knowledge certified by CILIP (if youre already working in information
management)

2. Skills required
Youll need:

excellent organisational skills

a high level of accuracy and attention to detail
research skills
IT skills

3. What you'll do
Your day-to-day duties may include:

cataloguing, classifying and storing information

researching and acquiring new resources
making sure that information is up to date and comprehensive
dealing with research enquiries from colleagues, managers or clients
managing electronic information
making sure that information systems meet data protection laws
writing reports, briefings and website content
managing an information budget
training colleagues how to use information systems
managing a team of information assistants

4. Salary
Starter: 18,000 to 21,000

Experienced: 24,000 to 35,000

Highly Experienced: 40,000 or more

These figures are a guide.

5. Working hours, patterns and environment
Youll usually work 35 to 40 hours a week, Monday to Friday. Your hours may involve flexitime
or shifts.

Youll be office-based and spend a lot of your time working at a computer. You may
occasionally travel to meetings.

6. Career path and progression

With experience, you may progress into senior management.

You could also become self-employed as an information systems consultant.

Qualifications and training required

Its possible to enter this profession with a degree in any subject. However, some
employers require a relevant subject such as information science or information and
library studies.

Depending on the industry you work in, you may need a sector-specific degree. For
example, if you are managing history databases, a history degree may be preferable.

Many employers ask for an undergraduate or postgraduate degree accredited by the

Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP). A list of accredited
qualifications is available on CILIPs website.
Any experience of working in a library, archive or research facility is beneficial. You can
also apply for IT, technology or administration-related industrial placements, summer
internships and insight programmes.

If you are a school leaver (or a graduate) who has been working in a library, you can
apply to CILIP for certification. This will be awarded in recognition of the knowledge and
skills that you have developed in your role. To get certified, you will need to complete
various activities to demonstrate your continuing professional development (CPD) and
submit an electronic portfolio.
Should I Become an Animation Designer?

Animation designers, also referred to as animators, create the visual effects and
animation featured in video games, movies and TV shows as well as on websites.
Created from computer software programs, 2-D or 3-D animations are used to replicate
the features and movements of people, animals, places and things to tell a story or
advertise a product. Animators often work long weeks and nights. Working weekends
might also be necessary to meet deadlines.

Career Requirements

Degree
Bachelor's degree
Level

Degree
Animation; Computer Graphics; Fine Art or a related field
Field

No experience required for entry-level jobs; 2 to 5 years of experience

Experience
may be required for more advanced roles

Certification Voluntary certification from software developers available

Artistic ability, creativity, communication, coordination, critical thinking

Key Skills and time-management skills, ability to visualize artistic concepts and use
computer imaging and editing software

Salary $50,280 per year (2015 median salary for all animators)

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, O*NET OnLine, Online Job Postings (July
2015), Payscale.com (July 2015)

Step 1: Learn to Draw

Animation is based on traditional drawing skills, so aspiring animators will want to

develop observational drawing skills, especially the use and control of line. Figure
drawing is also important for practice in drawing shapes and accurate proportions. Solid
drawing skills could help secure acceptance into an animation degree program since
these programs are typically competitive and require submission of a drawing portfolio.

Success Tip:

Carry a sketchbook. Drawing practice outside the classroom is an opportunity to

work with diverse subjects and learn observation skills. Having a sketchbook
available also provides the means to practice drawing as often and as much as
possible.
Step 2: Earn a Bachelor's Degree

Earning a bachelor's degree in animation can prepare students for a career in media
arts, illustration, Web design, film and television. Students take fundamental courses in
drawing, graphics, storyboarding, character motion and art design. Students build on
these skills with practice in conceptualization, texturing and digital cinematography.
Advanced training includes the use of animation computer software programs, such as
Adobe Photoshop, After Effects and Maya.

Success Tip:

Consider an internship. Internships may boost chances for employment by

providing opportunities for work experience and networking. Interns may be able
to learn under the supervision of an experienced animation designer. Internships
may be offered through the school, typically when students are in their last two
years of study. Some employers may also offer internships for recent graduates.

Step 3: Put Together a Demo Reel

While in school, students usually create a portfolio, DVD or website to showcase their
best work. Some educational programs feature a senior project for students to
demonstrate their creativity, artistry and proficiency in various software programs. A
portfolio or demo reel can also incorporate independent work done outside of school.
When looking for employment opportunities, recent graduates will submit their demo
reel for open positions.

Success Tip:

Focus on a main interest. An animation designer can work in many different

industries, so it's best to gear demo reels and portfolios to the career of choice.
For example, a demo reel for cartoon animation could contain entertaining
characters and creative stories.

Step 4: Consider Industry Certification for Career Advancement

Earning a certification can be a good way to stand out, as only a bachelor's degree is
required for senior animator positions, according to job postings. Certifications in this
career field are typically offered by software publishers, such as Adobe. Professionals
can validate their proficiency in using animation technology by becoming an Adobe
Certified Expert. Applicable software programs that animation designers can become
certified in include Adobe Flash, Illustrator, and After Effects.