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Table of Contents
5 how to trade a small account
By Larry Gaines, Founder, CEO, Power Cycle Trading
Introduction
My trading career started in 1980 in Houston, Texas as foreign crude oil
cargo trader. In 1990 I became the Executive Vice President for one of the
largest oil trading companies in the world and ran their international trading
desk for over 10 years. Today I run my own company, Powercycletrading.
com, where I offer comprehensive trading courses, coaching and trading
services.
My friends at TradingPub asked me to give a presentation on How to Trade
a Small Account and this is such an important topic to me. I started out
my trading career trading big accounts, of other peoples money (OPM),
but when I went out on my own and started trading for myself and it was
my own money the whole game really changed.
Now trading for yourself can be one of the most rewarding jobs on the
planet, if you are educated about what you are trading and if you stay
focused on managing your trading risk.
I tell my clients and members theres no perfect tradertheres no perfect
system its a journey of learning and I am on that journey tooconstantly
learning each and every day
And in my opinion the most important lesson in trading is that you should
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
Here are some important actions you can take that will get you started on
your trading journey to becoming a successful trader.
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
consistently good trader you must constantly be observing not only the
markets, but also other experienced traders to gain knowledge and
wisdom. Its a never ending journey, like most valuable pursuits, but it can
be an extremely rewarding one, both personally and financially.
When you model top traders actions, you make more money. Its that
simple. Theyve figured it out from years of experience, and you learn
from them how to make more money in much less time.
The culprit behind this common error is trading from fear or greed instead
of following a chosen strategy. In trading its not always about trading the
right option, the best model, or the perfect entry; its way bigger than that.
If your attitude is not right, and your trading related actions aren't right,
then even the best technicals can't help generate profitable trading results
for the big or small trader its all the same.
Studies show that 60% to 80% of trading success comes from a traders
mental and emotional state. Great traders are always working to keep their
emotions out of their trading. By developing a state of detachment when
trading, you can neutralize those emotions that can otherwise control your
trading actions.
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
indicator. The focus time can be beneficial, but the lack of accountability
and team camaraderie is not. Being someone who has spent decades in
the enthusiasm of a live trading room, complete with both shared cursing
and celebrations, I can say that camaraderie is real, and its an asset. The
value of camaraderie explains the proliferation of virtual trading rooms
over the past few years, and my drive to have created one of the first.
Have you ever noticed how easy it is to jump into a trade that is outside of
your trading plan? A plan encourages self-discipline and accountability. A
good plan includes the following features.
Capital allocated to trading
Defined risk reward
Time frame for holding trades
Working hours
Parameters around paper vs. real trading
Structured time for accounting and review
Tested model or system
Start with a plan and stick to it. Review it often and adapt it as you learn
and improve.
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First, recognize your money patterns and own them. Choose to not allow
someone elses past issues affect your trading results. Again, the crucial
key is to detach emotionally from your trading. The best way to detach is
to trade from a well thought out plan.
As you read this article, which points made you squirm the most? The
most uncomfortable points will be the first area to focus on to improve
your trading results. Discomfort signals denial or expansion. The great
thing is that most of the points above are absolutely free. Thats a risk
reward you dont see often in the trading world. Ill take it.
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Long Calls or Puts ~ can be used for all day trading, swing
trade set-ups and long term trend trades. Best when implied
volatility is low, generally use a 60-70 delta for strike. A defined
risk with unlimited profit upside
Vertical Debit Spreads ~ can be used for all Swing Trade Set-
ups & long term trend trades. Best when implied volatility is low.
Defined risk, low capital cost, low time decay but profit upside is
capped
Credit Spreads ~ can be used for day trades, swing trade set-
ups & long term trades. Best used when implied volatility is high.
A defined risk, takes advantage of time decay & a sideways
price action but profit upside is capped. Three variations; OTM
(negative risk ratio), ATM (neutral risk ratio) & ITM (positive risk
ratio). Short volatility & time decay strategy.
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CONCLUSION
Trading a small account offers the single trader a big advantage,
stealth. The single trader can easily execute trades that the big
hedge funds and institutional traders just cant without muddying the
waters. This becomes a great trading advantage and an opportunity
that can turn that small trading account into a large trading account.
Once you have the right trading mindset and learn to use some well-
defined, low risk Option Strategies your journey to successful trading
will become a short one and well worth the time and effort you put in.
THE MOVIE
Watch the Video Larry Gaines covers how to sell options using defined,
low risk option spreads to generate a consistent monthly income stream.
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step-by-step program on how to trade the option credit spreads for
consistent monthly income. Credit spreads are sort of like having
insurance on your home, but this insurance actually pays youand
pays you very well (unlike the miniscule returns from common annuity
contracts touted as income tools). This comprehensive option credit
spread course is over 5 hours of training that you can watch at your
own pace as often as you want. Plus, properly structured credit spreads
can grow your account from small to largeClick here to learn more!
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
There are many ways to trade options or use options in trading. Many
people trade options for the sole reason that they are much cheaper than
trading stock. It is kind of interesting that it is rare to find an options
trader that would ever buy a stock, or a stock trader that would ever buy
an option. I believe that both camps are wrong. You need to be able
to trade both, or at least take advantage of both. The reason for this is
that if you trade stock, you can minimize risk and maximize gain using
options. If you trade options, you do not get the full benefit of the stocks
move if you are right, and you run the risk of being assigned the stock,
which scares option traders, and it shouldnt. Im not going to get into the
fundamentals of options, but lets digress for a paragraph or two to get
some understanding before we talk about the strategy I want you to learn.
Buying is the opposite of selling. Long is the opposite of short. Bull is
the opposite of bear. There are only two things that matter in options; if
buying an option, it must go beyond strike (in the money) for you to be
paid on expiration day, and if selling an option short, you can end up long
or short the underlying stock at the strike price. If you keep these two
things in perspective, your option trading will go a little smoother.
If you buy a call option, you are buying a right, not an obligation, to purchase
a stock at a specific price (the strike price) on or before a specified date.
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When buying a call option, you want the stock to go higher. If you buy a
put option, you are buying the right, not the obligation, to sell a stock at a
specified price on or before a specified date. When buying a put option,
you want the stock to move lower. Now the opposite side. If you sell a
call option (going short the option) then you are selling the right to buy to
another party, and if they exercise their right to buy, you must sell to them
(you are taking on an obligation) and you could end up short the stock
unless you already own at least 100 shares of it. Selling a call option
when you do not own the stock is called a naked call, but if you own the
stock it is a covered call. If you sell a put option, then you are selling the
right to sell to another party, and if they exercise their right to sell, you
must buy from them. If you are short the stock, you will buy it back (this
is a covered put), but if you are not short the stock, then you could end up
long the stock.
Now that we have that out of the way, lets use these concepts to try and
make a little money. Lets make the assumption that we want to buy a
stock. Lets pick an expensive stock to prove a point and then we will look
at a normal priced stock. Everyone has heard of Amazon, so we will
start with it. Below is a daily chart of Amazon (AMZN). You can see back
in April when their earnings came out. Notice since then that Amazon
moves down to the 420 area and then back up to the 430 area. So lets
say we want to buy AMZN when gets back down to 420. Now we can
put a buy limit, good till canceled, in and wait for AMZN to sell back off
and exercise our limit order. Then when it gets back up to 430, sell it and
make $1000 for every 100 shares we buy. If we buy the stock, we will
need to put a protective stop below 415 (notice that is the lowest it has
been since earnings), so we will risk about $500 to make $1000. Nice
trade, pat yourself on the back. Now lets do it using options.
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Which scenario do you like best, a 1:2 risk/reward or a 1:145 risk reward?
This is the luxury of options.
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the monthly option, we can get there. If we add the two options together
(0.75+1.50=2.25) we will bring in about 2.25. If we are long from 85 and
need to risk to 82.89, we risk 2.11 on the stock. The premium we bring in
will cover the protective stop. If we get stopped out, we buy back the short
call and will probably lose around $25 or so depending on how much time
is left in the option. If CAT moves up and we get called away at 90, we
pick up $500 from the stock and $225 from the option premium for a total
of $725. Again we can have the standard 1:2 ratio, but the 1:29 ratio of
this trade seems much better.
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We do have to throw the glass half empty theory in here since there are
those who are pessimists and will ask, what if CAT is at 80 when you get
exercised, or what if AMZN is at 410 when you get exercised? What will
you do then? Youve got to love those people. First, panic never solved
anything so please get that out of you mind. But think about it very quickly.
We did bring in premium when we sold the put, so we have reduced the
risk somewhat. Next question is, if you just put a buy limit in and is sold
off to that level, what would you normally do? You could sell a covered
call at entry (85 on CAT or 420 on AMZN) and if you get called away, then
you will make nothing on the stock but get to keep the premium from the
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options, still not losing anything. You could sell at the money calls and it
will reduce your loss considerably, especially on AMZN but not as much
on CAT.
Another thing, what if you end up long the stock, it does not stop you out,
but is not called away from you. Even better in my opinion. You brought
the money in from the naked put and the covered call, and now you get to
sell another covered call.
Before selling the same strike price, however, look at higher strikes, you
may be able to get the same premium as before if the stock has moved
higher.
There are many ways to scan for stocks. Many have their own favorite
stocks that change over time. You will find some stocks that do not have
options. I do not like stocks that dont have options for the simple reason
that I cannot minimize my risk and maximize my gain.
The key is to trade stocks that have some volatility so that the option
premium is higher. Coke (KO) has options but since the stock does not
move much the option premium is low and therefore you cannot finance
the protective stop. Below is a scan for stocks out of the DTI RoadMap
software. It scans for optionable securities that are between $50-$600,
and are recommended buys/sells between June 3 and July 31 (it is sorted
buy highest P&L).
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Starting in the middle to the end of June, stocks begin to move again after
the when in May go away occurrence is over. Look at the Standard
Deviation (Std Dev) column. The higher the standard deviation, the more
volatile the stock. So I will look at these to see if they are trending with the
overall markets, and if so then they are prospects for trading.
Market direction is also important. You can do this same strategy on
the short side as well. When markets are bearish like we saw back in
2008-2009, selling calls many times did not get exercised, however, if
they did, then sell a covered put to use the premium to finance the stock.
But direction is important. First look at the year open, month open, and
week open, and compare it to the current price of the stock. If the stock
is above all three it is strong, if below all three it is weak. If it is between
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some of them then look at the indexes (S&P, Dow 30, NASDAQ) and see
if they are doing the same. If they are, then wait until a clearer picture can
be seen. Below is a chart of the S&P and 3M. Notice on the right chart
that the S&P is above the year, month, and week open. However, 3M is
below the year open but above the month and week open. If the market
falls from here, 3M would be a good candidate to sell calls on and see it
drop. But the S&P will need to begin to drop and take out some support
levels before doing that.
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The same can be done for futures contracts if you have experience with
them. I like using options on bonds to help pay for the utilities each month.
Utilities, no one likes to pay for them, but they are necessary. To help
pay for the utilities, trading bond futures options seem to work well. Lets
discuss bond futures and their options a bit before we get to trading them.
Bond futures are a commodity that trades in 1/32 increments and are
worth $1000 per point and $31.25 per tick (1000/32 = 31.25). It controls
a $100,000, 30 year US treasury bond.
It is traded by the bond price, not the interest rate of the bond, though, it
is interest rate sensitive. So if interest rates go higher, bond price goes
lower, and if interest rates go lower, bond prices go higher. Bonds open
at 17:00 and close at 16:00 CT. The price is displayed in decimal form or
with a dash; 147.23, or 147-23, and sometimes 14723. The 23 is in 32nd.
So the price is 147 and 23/32. If you multiply that by 1000, the bond is
worth $147,718.75. Par value is $100,000, so in this case you would be
paying a $47,718.75 premium. Economic new will affect bonds, as they
look for inflationary (rising interest rates) or deflationary (falling interest
rates) indications.
Options on bond futures trade in 64th increments. They trade as long
as the bond futures are open and trading, so you can actually get out of
your trade in the middle of the night, if need be. They are still $1000 per
point but since they are half of a bond future tick, then they trade $15.625
per tick. The option are no different than equity options except the price
per point/tick is different and you are only controlling one bond futures
contract, as opposed to 100 shares of stock. You will also notice that the
strike prices are every point.
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
Notice bonds are in a downtrend. So selling call options will be the safest
play since bonds will have a tendency to go down. We will try to sell
options at the resistance point (R1 or R2). Of course, the closer it is to the
resistance point the more premium that will be brought in and the further
away from that point brings the least premium unless we go out further in
time.
If your platform only does monthly options, then Id use resistance point
further back, but if using weekly options, use the closest. Another thing
to keep in mind, find out when the big economic news is coming out since
bonds will react to it.
Look at the option chain below. Our R1 is around the 154 strike. The June
12 call option is trading at 12/64. The 156 is at 4/64. The 156 is around
the R2 on the chart and a little less risky since bonds have to decline
another point to get to that strike.
So you have to make a decision on which option to sell. Lets be a little
more risky and do the 154 strike. The current bid and offer are 11/64
13/64. If we put an order to sell at 12/64 and get filled, we will bring in
about $187.50.
If today is June 3 and bonds are trading at 149-28, we will have to wait
8 days for the option to expire. As long as the bond futures stay below
154-00 then the option will lose value each day. If there is a big economic
news day next week, we will need to either get out and take the profit we
have, or be ready to exit if the bonds drop off the news.
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Doing this trade a couple of times a month can cushion the blow of the
bills that come once a month. We cant win them all, but remember, we
will not risk anymore than $300 per contract. So one loss will scratch
one win and a half for the most part. If you have never traded options on
bonds, paper trade it for a couple of weeks to see how it goes. Once you
get the hang of it, start paying some bills.
We have walked through a couple of ways to bring in a little income and
reduce the risk by financing the stops. Buying equities is a good thing,
but being able to gain more on the position from using options can help
boot the account. If we expand to trading options on futures, we can help
pay those utilities a little and have more for the grandkids when they come
over. Remember that there is always risk in trading and we will not ever
be 100%. But taking a little loss is not so bad when the return is much
greater. Good luck trading!
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THE MOVIE
Watch This Video discussing the trade in this article.
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
The most important trading floor for any trader, individual or professional,
is the five-inch trading floor between his or her ears. Having the proper
mind-frame and controlling emotions is critical to making good decisions
under the pressure of the markets and, ultimately, to trading success. It all
comes down to Discipline. We need to know why we are getting in, when
to stay in and when to get out of a trade. At Top Gun Options a quality
trade plan is the foundation for our disciplined execution in every trade.
Flying fighters in the US Navy we planned everything, from a simple 30
minute maintenance flight to a 7 hour combat mission. Every mission had
an objective and we always had a plan to achieve our objectives. These
plans spelled out exactly how we intended to achieve each objective. The
team at Top Gun Options learned how to plan and plan well.
At Top Gun Options we were trading before we joined the Navy to fly
fighters, so we had built up some habits about how we went about our
business of trading. Some were good some were bad, but these habits
lacked Discipline and continuity.
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Then one day, shooting the breeze at the Officers Club (which is where
we solve all the world problems over a cocktail) it just kind hit us; Why
dont we apply the same planning and execution disciplines that we use
flying fighters in combat to our trading?
After all, our combat plans defined many things, to include: our objective,
tactical mindset, targets, Commit Criteria (our go-no-go decision), the
Tactic we intend to use to achieve our objective, employment method to
achieve the Tactic, our course of action (steps we are going to follow
executing the plan), contingency plans in case things dont go exactly
as planned and we must also have a clear Exit Plan. So this tactical
planning we used every day out on the aircraft carrier, seemed a perfect
fit for the options trading world as well!
You have to plan for combat in this manner, because combat is dynamic,
its dangerous, the battlefield is in constant change and you dont know
where your enemy will strike from next. Sound familiar? Where did this
Greek debt crisis come from, how about Enron or WorldCom? Which
bubble is going to burst next? Whos cooking the books at our favorite
company? Well it seems to us, this definition of combat applies directly to
the financial markets.
In this lesson we are going to share with you our planning process. Is it
perfect and suited for everyone? We certainly like it and we believe that
you will benefit by applying the same Discipline to your trading.
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Defining A Plan
This makes sense if youre going to hang some shelves in the garage or
cook a pot roast. A plan is just a recipe and when its complete you have
some more shelves in the garage or a pot roast for dinner.
But, how does this the definition work when you are playing in one of the
most dynamic arenas in the world, where things are constantly changing
and often appear to be directly against us? It still works, but the plan has
to suit the environment where it is going to be executed and we are
executing plans in one of the most complex environments in the world,
the financial markets. So, we need to account for a few more things than
cooking a pot roast.
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Why Plan?
Discipline
A trade plan is the foundation for disciplined execution. It allows us to
keep our head on straight when all the talking heads are telling us the
world is falling apart. It memorializes our reason for being in the trade and
helps us make good disciplined business decisions under the pressure of
the markets. It is because we built a plan, before the heat was on, that
allows us to remove as much emotion as possible from our trading. In
short, a trade plan is our tool to keep us disciplined in a trade.
Risk Management
Risk management is built into the plan. We know exactly when to get out,
what our maximum acceptable loss is for the trade and how we are going
to get out or adjust the position to save profits or limit losses. We define
all of this before we get into a tight spot where emotions can take over
and lead us to bad decision making. Emotions: greed, fear, attachment
to a trade, whatever the issue, will influence your decision making. If you
think it doesnt, you are going to spend a lot of money realizing that youre
wrong. Laying out your risk parameters before being under the gun, will
greatly assist you in suppressing your emotions and help you make good
decisions.
In the Top Gun Options Pocket Checklist (OPCL), we layout planning
guidelines for several different option tactics. In each, we identify our
profit targets and maximum risk parameters for each trade to assist you in
building your plan.
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Superior Execution
When we get down to the brass tacks of trading, its all about execution.
Being disciplined and mapping out our risk parameters before we are deep
in trades, leads to Superior Execution. The decisions we make in the heat
of battle are key to our success in trading. We have a saying flying fighters,
A bad plan executed well is better than a good plan executed poorly, but
a good plan with good execution Discipline is unbeatable! When you go
through our Top Gun Options program, we will go over several options
tactics and discuss optimum execution whether the market is trending
favorable or unfavorable.
Components of a Plan
A plan has to be tailored to the environment we intend to execute.
The planning process needs to flow sensibly, be easily understood and
address as many potential scenarios as possible that can threaten the
achievement of our objective.
The very first component in any plan is The Objective. As
traders and investors it does not matter if you are trading options,
stocks, commodities, bonds, currencies or anything for that matter.
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Since this is our universal objective, we dont need to write it down every
time. It is our guiding precept for trading.
After the objective, a Top Gun Options trade plan has seven components,
designed specifically for trading options. A Top Gun Options trade plan
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
Some of these terms may be new to you and thats because they have
their roots in air combat, but they dovetail very nicely into our planning
and, in our view, tighten our focus up another notch. We will explain
each as we come across them, if not; there is a Top Gun Options Terms
glossary in the back of the book for reference.
Strategic Mindset
Our Strategic Mindset is the stance we take regarding how we think our
underlying asset (our target) or the market will perform given current
financial climate. Strategic Mindset falls into one of four categories:
1. Bullish
2. Bearish
3. Neutral
4. Volatile
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situation and guides our Tactic selection to fit our Strategic Mindset.
When developing our Strategic Mindset we take a big to small approach.
We start with the global financial situation and drill down to specific sectors,
then to the stocks within a sector using both fundamental and technical
analysis. As options traders we always take a look at our main barometer,
the VIX, to tell us what the market is thinking and how the current market
is priced.
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Target
Our target is simply the underlying asset with which we are looking to open
a position. We will focus on an asset because we have clearly defined our
Strategic Mindset on this target and we think we can profit from an options
position supporting this mindset.
There are literally thousands of optional targets: Stocks, ETFs, futures
commodities. We will focus on stocks while going through Top Gun
Options.
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Commit Criteria
The recent pullback in FCX is exaggerated. The stock has come off its
recent lows with heavy volume and appears to be at the beginning of
bullish trend with a short-term technical price target of 70. Fundamentals
remain strong and copper prices are rebounding.
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Tactic
At Top Gun Options, a Tactic is the option position we are opening, and
there are many different positions we can open using options: calls, puts,
condors, butterflies, credit spreads, etc. In the Top Gun Options Pocket
Checklist (OPCL) you will find 32 different option tactics.
For instance: If a trader wants to earn income from stocks in their portfolio
by selling covered calls. This supports our objective and the strategy is to
earn extra income with options. The Tactic to achieve this extra income is
to sell covered calls on stocks in their portfolio.
To us at Top Gun Options, this is a more correct way to add detail to our
intentions. In short, a strategy tells us what we want and a Tactic is how
we get what we want.
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Tactical Employment
Leg Set Up
Net Debit or Credit
Max Profit potential
Maximum Risk of the trade
Break Evens
Probabilities of success
Adjust and Eject Criteria
Greek Effects
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Mid-Course Guidance
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
Embedded in your options PCL tactics section is guidance for setting many
of these parameters and can serve as great starting point for determining
your own risk parameters.
Exit Plan
The Exit Plan is how we are going to get out of a trade. We never get
into a fight unless we know exactly how we intend to exit. Factors for
planning an exit include: a sound reason for exit, layout our closing trade
set up, whether we are exiting prior to expiration or taking it all the way to
expiration.
It is important to know exactly how you are going to exit a trade before the
volatility of the markets gets the better of you.
Planning Complete
Thats the plan! Its just a logical sequence of steps that encapsulates and
memorializes our research, lays out the playing field for the trade, sets
risk tolerance tripwires for action while in the trade and lines out how we
will exit. Dont trade without one!
Once you have the system down it will take 5 -10 Minutes max to complete
and will keep you aligned very closely with our universal objective.
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Commit Criteria:
Thinking GOOG is going to give some back in the short term with some
of the uncertainty surrounding the release of various mobile devices and
some profit taking. On the technical side, the 20 day MACD is diverging to
the down side and RSI is indicating an overbought condition.
Our Tactic was a Bear Call spread two strikes above where GOOG was
trading. One of our intermediate tactics and in this instance it had a high
probability of success.
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Tactical Employment is petty straight forward and requires just a little math:
Tactical Employment:
The Greeks:
Theta (Time Value): Time is our Friend, the longer that GOOG stays
below our breakeven of 611.80 the stronger our chance of a profit.
Vega (Volatility): For this trade we want volatility to decrease for
the duration of the position. An increase in volatility with GOOG can easily
threaten our Breakeven (B/E) on the down side.
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Mid-Course Guidance:
Profit Target: Profit Target is 1.80, 22% return on risk. 100% return
on premium.
Threats to Success:
Jobs Data is being reported Friday, a positive report could
cause a move to the upside.
We are going against the longer-term trend of GOOG and
buyers could step in if they dont see any more down side.
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Our threats to success over the trade are researched and listed so we
dont drop them out of our scan.
Our Eject Criteria is set; in this case we had a tight stop for two reasons.
First, the short term on the trade did not give us too much time for it to
reverse if it went strongly against us. Secondly, we were going against
the long term trend and did not want to get caught in a minor downdraft.
Our only contingency plan was to get out if the trade went against us, we
did not want to roll this trade.
Exit Plan
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This is all there is to putting a plan together. Once complete it should fit
nicely onto one or two pages. The actual trade plan is depicted below:
Trade Plan
January 7, 2010
Commit Criteria:
Thinking GOOG is going to give some back in the short term with some
of the uncertainty surrounding the release of various mobile devices and
some profit taking. On the technical side, the 20 day MACD is diverging to
the down side and RSI is indicating an overbought condition.
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Tactical Employment:
Leg Set up: Sell JAN 610 Call at 3.90
Buy JAN 620 Call at 2.10
Net Credit: 1.80
Max Profit: 1.80, 22% return on risk.
Max Risk: 8.20
Breakeven: 611.80
Probabilities: 72% probability of max profit.
The Greeks:
Theta (Time Value): Time is our Friend, the longer that GOOG stays
below our breakeven of 611.80 the stronger our chance of a profit.
Vega (Volatility): For this trade we want volatility to decrease for
the duration of the position. An increase in volatility with GOOG can easily
threaten our B/E on the down side.
Mid-Course Guidance:
Profit Target: Profit Target is 1.80, 22% return on risk. 100% return
on premium.
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Threats to Success:
Jobs Data is being reported Friday, a positive report could
cause a move to the upside.
We are going against the longer-term trend of GOOG and
buyers could step in if they dont see any more down side.
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CONCLUSION
The time invested in putting a plan together is well worth the effort.
This trade ended up working out for us and we bought it back for 10
cents and made a 1.70 on the trade. We got out prior to reaching our
profit target because we had made a nice profit in the short time the trade
was open and market volatility, the VIX, was starting to show signs of life
heading into earnings season back in January.
Wrap Up
Having a plan will substantially increase your trading Discipline; it lays
out your Risk Management plan and will lead to consistent Superior
Execution. You can complete your plan before or after pulling the trigger.
If we complete the plan after executing the trade, it is because we are
familiar with the target and are comfortable trading it. After we pull the
trigger though, we sit back and fill out the plan immediately.
Our planning process represents the minimum knowledge we want to
have before we open a trade and it is the tool that gives us the confidence
we need to execute our trades with Discipline, manage our risk based on
our comfort with the current market climate and consistently manage our
trades with Superior Execution. You may want a bit more or a bit less in
your plan, but our system provides a solid foundation for customizing your
own trade plans to suit your trading needs.
Your Options Pocket Checklist (OPCL) contains a planning guide that will
help you build solid plans every time. Plus, we will walk you through many
trade plans as we go through Top Gun Options.
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SPECIAL OFFER
Click here to enroll in our live trading programs and to see this trade plan
being used by our professional traders. Visit www.topgunoptions.com to
learn more information.
THE MOVIE
Learn more about Top Gun Options CLICK HERE
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If you trade stocks, futures or Forex, you should consider adding weekly
options to your trading arsenal. In this chapter you will learn how to trade
weekly options using the Ichimoku cloud. We will also focus on four stocks
that have weekly options: Apple, Facebook, Tesla and Twitter.
Now is one of the best times in history to trade weekly options, and here
are a few reasons why:
Now is the best time in history trade options. Markets are tighter and
more liquid than ever.
There are over 8,700 stocks and 4,200 stocks with options.
Of the 4,200 stocks with options, 320 stocks are listed with weekly
options.
The CBOE lists weekly options on indices, stocks and ETFs.
The CBOE publishes a list of all assets with weekly options.
Gives traders 52 expirations to trade instead of 12.
Weekly index options account for 11% of all index options
volume in 2011 and this number is increasing over time.
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Weekly options give you the opportunity to rake in huge percentage returns
in a short period of time. The CBOE puts out several reports on weekly
options and this graphic shows you the huge increase in in the volume of
weekly options traded since 2010:
Why should you trade weekly options? The answer is twofold. First,
stocks are boring. They move 1-3 percent on a big move and you have to
outlay huge amounts of capital to own stocks. Google trades at $600 per
share. If you wanted to buy 100 shares of Google, you would have to lay
out $60,000 dollars. Since options are leveraged, you can take returns
and magnify them. Small moves in stocks can lead to huge returns using
weekly options. Whether you are a novice or seasoned trader, anyone
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can trade weekly options. Green Mountain Coffee weekly options had
profits that exploded 1,500 percent, but the stock moved just 6 percent.
It is very difficult to trade stocks, futures or Forex because you are trading
against algorithms. High frequency trading and dark pools dominate these
spaces, and they are programmed to win. Its like playing chess against a
computer, it is been programmed to win, and its not likely that the average
chess play can beat the computer. In weekly options, however, there is
a bluffing mechanism built in. A trader isnt always buying calls to get
long on a stock. Maybe they are buying the calls to go short on the stock.
The added benefit to weekly options is that dark pools do not currently
operate in these markets. Another advantage of trading weekly options
is that there are multiple different ways to trade them depending on your
trading style and personality.
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Lets take a look at Facebook using a 5-minute chart and the Ichimoku
cloud.
The Ichimoku Cloud
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First, lets look at the tenken-sen (red) line. This line shows the short-
term trend and it is calculated as follows:
Tenken-sen line = the highest high + the lowest low over the last 9
periods divided by 2.
This formula has a Fibonacci retracement built into its calculation. Its an
effective indicator because it works better than simple moving averages.
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The Kinjun-sen line (green) shows the longer-term trend. The calculations
for this line is:
Kinjun-sen line= the highest high + the lowest low over the last 26
periods divided by 2.
So the tenken-sen and kinjun-sen lines show the short-term and longer-
term trends in a market at the present time.
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The Senkou Span A is the future short-term trend. It forms one of the
boundaries of the cloud, and heres the formula:
Senkou Span A = tenken-sen line + kinjun-sen divided by 2 plotted
26 periods in the future.
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Finally, the Chinkou Span Line is the current closing price, plotted
26 bars back. If you trade a daily chart, it shows you where the price
of that stock was a month ago. The Chinkou line gives you a historical
perspective. How is your relationship with this stock versus the last month?
Is it better or worse?
How to Apply the Ichimoku Cloud in Trading Weekly Options
Now that we know the elements of the cloud. Lets apply it to this weekly
option chart of Facebook. The stock makes rises above the cloud, breaking
through the short-term (tenken-sen) and long-term (kinjun-sen) moving
averages. The cloud also looks bullish moving forward.
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As Facebook breaks the cloud to the upside, you want to plot the ATR,
or Average True Range for Facebook. When the opening bell rings, most
institutional traders, mutual funds, hedge funds, etc. have a plan whether
they are go to buy Facebook and accumulate shares or sell Facebook
to offload shares. It is very important to know if institutional traders are
buying or selling Facebook. The ATR measures how much a stock actually
moves from high to low during a trading day.
Facebook has an average daily range of about $2.10. In this example, the
low of the day for Facebook is $60.20. If we see the stock breaking to the
upside, it is reasonable to expect that Facebook will move to $62.20.
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with the Ichimoku cloud, and you have all of the information you need on
the stocks you follow that have weekly options, then you can fine-tune
your portfolio to a handful of stocks that are reliable performers.
Weekly options offer a trader more expirations than standard options.
Generally speaking, weekly options tend to trade at a lower price
than standard options.
Weekly options expire on Friday, and they are listed on the previous
Thursday.
Weekly options can experience fast, violent moves in delta.
Can be used as a vehicle for trading during the day in stocks like FB,
TWTR, AAPL and TSLA
THE MOVIE
Watch the video of this presentation here-
Andrew Keene does an excellent job of explaining why weekly options
can be a powerful addition to your trading arsenal. He covers the Ichimoku
cloud in depth, and the video also analyzes several stocks using the
Ichimoku cloud in a Lightning Round at the end of the presentation.
SPECIAL OFFER
Learn how to choose long term trade setups using unusual options
activity. Sign up for a class with Andrew here
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Example
With AAPL currently trading at $130.28, you could buy AAPL straddle by
buying 130 put and 130 call. This is how the P/L chart would look like:
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A straddle works based on the premise that both call and put options have
unlimited profit potential but limited loss. While one leg of the straddle losses
up to its limit, the other leg continues to gain as long as the underlying stock
rises, resulting in an overall profit. When the stock moves, one of the options will
gain value faster than the other option will lose, so the overall trade will make
money. If this happens, the trade can be close before expiration for a profit.
Straddles are a good strategy to pursue if you believe that a stock's price
will move significantly, but unsure as to which direction. Another case is
if you believe that IV of the options will increase - for example, before
a significant event like earnings. IV (Implied Volatility) usually increases
sharply a few days before earnings, and the increase should compensate
for the negative theta. If the stock moves before earnings, the position
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Many traders like to buy straddles before earnings and hold them through
earnings hoping for a big move. While it can work sometimes, personally
I don't like it. The reason is that over time the options tend to overprice
the potential move. Those options experience huge volatility drop the day
after the earnings are announced. In most cases, this drop erases most of
the gains, even if the stock had a substantial move.
Few year ago, I came across an excellent book by Jeff Augen, The
Volatility Edge in Options Trading. One of the strategies described in the
book is called Exploiting Earnings - Associated Rising Volatility. Here is
how it works:
1. Find a stock with a history of big post-earnings moves.
2. Buy a strangle for this stock about 7-14 days before earnings.
3. Sell just before the earnings are announced.
IV (Implied Volatility) usually increases sharply a few days before earnings,
and the increase should compensate for the negative theta. If the stock
moves before earnings, the position can be sold for a profit or rolled to
new strikes.
Like every strategy, the devil is in details. The following questions need to
be answered:
1. Which stocks should be used? I tend to trade stocks with post-
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Third, since I'm buying a few days before earnings, the IV in most cases will
rise into earnings. However, I will be selling just before the announcement,
so the options will not suffer from the IV collapse.
Now, few scenarios are possible.
1. The IV increase is not enough to offset the negative theta and the
stock doesn't move. In this case the trade will probably be a small
loser. However, since the theta will be at least partially offset by
the rising IV, the loss is likely to be in the 7-10% range. It is very
unlikely to lose more than 10-15% on those trades if held 2-5 days.
2. The IV increase offsets the negative theta and the stock doesn't
move. In this case, depending on the size of the IV increase, the
gains are likely to be in the 5-20% range. In some rare cases, the
IV increase will be dramatic enough to produce 30-40% gains.
For example, AAPL strangle could be purchased on Friday before
October 2011 earnings and sold the following Monday for 32%
gain.
3. The IV goes up followed by the stock movement. This is where the
strategy really shines. It could bring few very significant winners.
For example, when Google moved 7% in the first few day of July
2011, a strangle produced a 178% gain. In the same cycle, Apple's
3% move was enough to produce a 102% gain. In August 2011
when VIX jumped from 20 to 45 in a few days, I had the Disney
DIS strangle and few other trades doubled in a matter of two days.
This is why I call those trades "renting a strangle/straddle for free" (or
almost free). Even under the most unfavorable conditions, your loss is
usually limited to 7-10%. But if you get a decent IV increase and/or a
stock movement, the gains could be much higher.
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Another big advantage of this strategy is the fact that it is not exposed to
the gaps in the stock prices - in fact, it benefits from them.
So you cannot suddenly find yourself down 30-50%. You can always
control the losses and limit them.
I would like to start the trade as delta neutral as possible. That usually
happens when the stock trades close to the strike. If the stock starts to
move from the strike, I will usually roll the trade to stay delta neutral.
To be clear, rolling is not critical - it just helps us to stay delta neutral.
In case you did not roll and the stock continues moving in the same
direction, you can actually have higher gains. But if the stock reverses,
you will be in better position if you rolled.
I usually select expiration at least two weeks from the earnings,
to reduce the negative theta. The further the expiration, the more
conservative the trade is. Going with closer expiration increases
both the risk (negative theta) and the reward (positive gamma).
If you expect the stock to move, going with closer expiration might be a
better trade. Higher positive gamma means higher gains if the stock moves.
But if it doesn't, you will need bigger IV spike to offset the negative theta.
In a low IV environment, further expiration tends to produce better results.
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in the last few cycles. Chances are this is not going to happen every cycle.
There is no reliable way to predict those events. The big question is the
long term expectancy of the strategy. It is very important to understand
that for the strategy to make money it is not enough for the stock to move.
It has to move more than the markets expect. In some cases, even a 15-
20% move might not be enough to generate a profit.
Some people might argue that if the trade is not profitable the same day,
you can continue holding or selling only the winning side till the stock moves
in the right direction. It can work under certain conditions. For example,
if you followed the specific stock in the last few cycles and noticed some
patterns, such as the stock continuously moving in the same direction for
a few days after beating the estimates. Another example is holding the
calls when the general market is in uptrend (or downtrend for the puts).
However, it has nothing to do with the original strategy. From the minute
you decide to hold that trade, you are no longer using the original strategy.
If the stock didnt move enough to generate a profit, you must be ready to
make a judgment call by selling one side and taking a directional bet. This
might work for some people, but the pure performance of the strategy can
be measured only by looking at a one day change of the strangle or the
straddle (buying a day before earnings, selling the next day).
The bottom line:
Over time the options tend to overprice the potential move. Those options
experience huge volatility drop the day after the earnings are announced.
In most cases, this drop erases most of the gains, even if the stock had a
substantial move.
Jeff Augen, a successful options trader and author of six books,agrees:
There are many examples of extraordinary large earnings-related price
spikes that are not reflected in pre-announcement prices. Unfortunately,
there is no reliable method for predicting such an event. The opposite case
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Test Case #2
On June 24, 2014, we purchased MSFT $42 straddle expiring in August.
We were able to roll the straddle twice, and finally closed it on July 17 for
35.4% gain. In this case, most of the gains came from the stock movement.
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Conclusion
Buying a straddle or a strangle few days before earnings can be a very
profitable strategy if used properly. Of course the devil is in the details.
There are many moving parts to this strategy:
1. When to enter?
2. Which stocks to use?
3. How to manage the position?
4. When to take profits?
And much more. But overall, this strategy has been working very well for
us.
Here is an example how this strategy performed during the August 2011
crisis:
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Start Your Free TrialYou can see our full performance here.
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If you trade stocks, options, futures or forex, you may want to consider
adding Nadex to your trading arsenal. Nadex gives you an opportunity to
manage your money, risk/reward and it serves as hedge against market
spikes that can keep you from losing trades.
With Nadex, you always know what your maximum risk and maximum
reward is before you place your order. In this chapter, you will be introduced
to Nadex and you will be exposed to 2 strategies that have high probabilities
of success.
Nadex Binary Options have been called yes or no trading propositions.
When you trade Nadex binary options, you are making an educated
opinion about the direction of the market relative to a specific strike price
within a defined time expiration of your choosing.
Each contract has a maximum value of $100. This means that the most
you could win or lose is $100 per contract traded. Probabilities of success
determine how much you can win or lose.
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Lets say it is noon and gold futures are trading at $1254. The market
is on an uptrend, and you think the price of gold will be above $1250 at
1:30pm EST when the market closes.
You would risk $70 on a market order to make $30 on this high
probability trade.
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Conversely, lets say gold futures are on an uptrend trading at $1254, and
you think the price of gold will reverse and close below $1250 at 1:30pm
EST.
The market determines there is a 30 percent chance you are right.
You would risk $30 on a market order to make $70 on this lower
probability trade.
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The Nadex trading platform is extremely easy to use. On the left side,
you can quickly find the market and time-frame you want to trade. In the
middle of the screen you will find a watchlist of popular markets currently
being traded, or you can populate this screen with a customized view of
the markets you like to trade. Next, you can take a closer look at the chart
of the market you want to trade.
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Nadex charts give you a wide variety of indicators you can use for
technical analysis. On this chart, the 8 EMA (T-Line), 50 period MA,
Stochastics (12,3,3) are plotted along with a volume indicator. Once you
have determined the direction of the market, it is time to place an order.
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Here are two Nadex order tickets. On the top of each ticket is the strike
price we are planning to BUY. The proposition is:
Germany 30 (Dec) >9120 (4PM) (30-OCT-14)
The proposition is that we think the price of the Germany 30 (DAX) will
settle above 9120 at 4:00pm EST. Other areas on the order ticket include:
Expires in: 2h : 40m Shows you how much time left until expiration
Nadex Indicative Index: 9137.000 Shows you the current price of
the market
Bid and Offer Prices: Shows you where the buyers and sellers are
on this proposition
BUY and SELL Buttons: Choose if you plan to BUY or SELL the
proposition
Size: Number of contracts you want to trade
Price: The price you are willing to pay to BUY or SELL the proposition
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When the 7am-9am time period opens, switch to the 5-minute chart.
Is the market moving in your direction? If there is very sluggish
or sideways movement at the open of the 7am bar, be patient
and wait for the direction of the 7am hourly bar to reveal itself.
Only make a decision to BUY or SELL once you are
convinced that the 7am hourly candlestick will close bullish
or bearish. Be patient. Sometimes this can take an hour.
If the direction of the 7am hourly candlestick is bullish, then BUY the
DAX at the first strike price available below the 7am opening price
.
If the direction of the 7am hourly candlestick is bearish, then SELL the
DAX at the first strike price available above the 7am opening price.
You can place a market order and risk more money for a lesser
profit, or you can place a working order and manually adjust your
risk reward for a better return. Remember with a working order, the
market will need to retrace to fill your order, so there is a chance
your order will not be filled.
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Trade Details:
Contract: Germany 30 (Dec) >10614 (9AM)
Expiration: Fri Jan 23 09:00:00 EST 2015
Direction: BUY
Quantity: 1
Price: 50.00
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This was a working order. When the order was placed at 7:12 the market
was moving upward aggressively. If a market order had been placed, it
would have likely required $70 risk or greater per contract. But the decision
was made to hold firm at 10614, risking $50. For this order to fill, the
market would need to retrace.
Sure enough, after 8am, the market started grinding its way back down. At
8:40, the market dove briefly, breaching the 10614 strike price and filled
the working order. It was now a live order with less than 20 minutes left in
the trade. The market then moved back upward and expired safely in the
money at 10636.
Remember, in order for this trade to be successful, the market needed to
expire above 10614 at 9:00am EST. The trade yielded a gross profit of
$50 per contract, less $1.80 in exchange fees for a net profit of $48.20.
If you backtest this strategy using hourly Nadex charts of the Germany 30
(DAX) market, all you have to do is go back 20 days or so and compare
the 7am candlestick to the 8am candlestick. If the 7am candlestick is
bullish, its not likely that the 8am hourly candlestick will close below the
7am opening price. Conversely if the 7am hourly candlestick is bearish,
its also not likely that the 8am hourly candlestick will close above the 7am
opening price.
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Avoid the temptation of trying to chase the DAX if your limit order
doesnt get filled. The more you chase the market, the more vulnerable
you are to getting trapped in a market reversal.
If the market is on an aggressive uptrend/downtrend at 7am and you dont
think your order is going to get filled, you might want to consider trading
a Nadex Spread. Nadex spreads are different than binary options, and
they more closely resemble traditional trading. Click Here to find out more
about trading Nadex Spreads.
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At 2am EST, the European markets open and financial transactions start
to happen. At 3am the London market and the Bank of England opens.
3am is also the final hour of trading in the Tokyo exchange. At 3am EDT,
a huge volume of transactions are processed and cleared in a very short
one-hour period of time. The result is often a very bullish or bearish move
with the GBP and its related currency pairs.
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Think of it like a garden hose being crimped, with water accelerating out
the hose when you squeeze it.
The volume of transactions, coupled with any economic news reports
coming out of the UK (usually at 4:30am EDT) will set the direction of the
market for the rest of the dy. Heres an example:
The GBP/USD had been on a downtrend on the daily charts. At 2am, the
European markets was grinding downward. At 3am, when the London
market opened, there was a sharp sell-off before shooting up at 3:40am
and establishing a high at 4:05am. At 4:30am, the UK Construction PMI
report was released, and the news was bearish. The market dove again.
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Convinced that the 2am-5am high had already been established at 4:05am,
the following order was placed at 5:30am:
SELL GBP/USD >1.5720 (7am expiration) Risk: $60 Reward $40 (2
contracts sold)
The order filled, and the market moved sharply downward and expired
safely in the money at 7am. Since 2 contracts were traded, the gross profit
was $80, less $3.60 in exchange fees.
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If you can spot the low or the high of the market between 2-5am EST,
there is a high probability that the opposing high or low will be revealed
after 8am EST. If the low or the high of the morning session isnt obvious
to you, then its probably a good day to skip this strategy for the day.
Rules for Trading the GBP/USD London Open Strategy
Check the Economic Calendar for news from the UK and the US.
Most news reports out of the UK are released at 4:30am EDT, so you
want to hold off trading this strategy until those reports are released.
Check the US Dollar Index. Is it trending up or down? The US Dollar
Index moves in the opposite direction of the GBP/USD.
Check the daily chart for the GBP/USD. Is it trending up or down?
Look for the daily low or high between 2am-5am EDT
o If LOW has been established, then BUY
o If HIGH has been established, then SELL
o If you cant find the low or high, then dont trade this strategy
Strike Price: +/- 20 pips above the morning low, or below the morning
high
Set the expiration of the contract for 7am or 3pm EDT depending on
your preference.
The London Open Strategy works consistently as long as there is some
give-and-take between the US Dollar and the British Pound.
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Conclusion
Trading Nadex Binary Options is a simple yes or no, up or down
proposition. To trade Nadex Binary Options successfully, you need to
master three areas of trading:
Disciplined money management Never risk more than 5% of
your account per trade
Risk/Reward Management Make sure your documented
probability of success is always greater than the amount you risk per
trade. If you have tested a strategy, and you have proven that it has
a 70% probability of being successful, then make sure you never risk
more than $60 per trade on that strategy.
Trade Strategies with a High Probability of Success The only
way to know for sure that you have a high probability strategy is to
test that strategy 20+ times in demo and record your results.
If you can master these three areas, you will achieve much better
consistency in your trading and your account balance will likely grow.
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HOW TO TRADE A SMALL ACCOUNT
traditional futures trading, but it can serve as an excellent hedge for futures
traders. You can trade many of the markets you normally trade without
the fear of getting stopped-out by market spikes and your maximum risk
is always clearly defined and capped when you place your trade. With
Nadex, you place your trade directly on an exchange, and not through
a broker. Nadex is also now available for trading in 49 countries. A live
Nadex account can be funded for as little as $100.
THE MOVIE
Watch the Video here where Cam White walks you through the Nadex
platform, how to use it and how to apply the two High Probability
strategies discussed in this chapter.
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