Substation Automation and REL 670 Line Distance

Protection Training Protection IED

Switch Onto Fault (SOTF)

ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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Switch Onto Fault (SOTF)

ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF What happens

What happens from the IEDs point Pre-fault Fault

of view:

Pre-fault: Voltage is zero, Current is zero.

Fault: fault voltages and currents.

THIS is NOT a normal situation. U

In a normal situation: I

Pre-fault:
Healthy voltages and load current
Fault: fault voltages and currents.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
IED 670 Directional Measurement is based on memory voltage, to ensure correct
directional detection even at close-in faults, where the level of faulty voltages is too
low to ensure a correct measurement of the phase angles (directionality).

The memory voltage is based on pre-fault voltage.

In case of Switch Onto Fault:
pre-fault voltage is zero Memory Voltage is zero

Directionality cannot be measured or it can be measured with a longer time delay.

For Switch onto Fault fast trip must be ensured:

Switch Onto Fault needs a non-directional fault
detection from an overreaching impedance zone:
ZM02-STND (Non Directional Start)
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF - settings
ABB AB, 2007

Internal Dead Line Detection Settings:

IPh < Iset AND UPh < Uset Dead Line

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
Switch onto fault must also know that the Circuit Breaker is going to be closed. This
is done by an external signal (Close Command to CB) or by Automatic Dead Line
Detection.

DeadLine
Detection
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
When CB is going to be closed SOTF opens one time-window of 1s (default value).
This is done by monitoring the built-in dead line detection signal.
If during this window a non-diretional fault (ZM02-STND) is detected THEN SOTF-
TRIP signal is issued.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
Information that Circuit Breaker is going to be closed can be done by an external
signal (Close Command to CB).

When CB is going to be closed SOTF opens one time-window of 1s. If during this
window a non-directional fault (ZM02-STND) is detected THEN SOTF-TRIP signal is
issued.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- DEAD LINE DETECTION OR CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION ONLY!

FAULT DETECTION IS ALWAYS BASED BY NON DIRECTIONAL IMPEDANCE START

(ZM02-STND in A32 configuration).
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF settings UILevel fault detection

Current higher then IPh<

and voltage below the UPh<
in any of the three phases
ABB AB, 2007

for more than tDuration time fault detection

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
Information that Circuit Breaker is going to be closed can be done by an external
signal (Close Command to CB).

When CB is going to be closed SOTF opens one time-window of 1s (default value). If

during this window a fault is detected (UI Level algorithm) THEN SOTF-TRIP signal
is issued.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF
Information that Circuit Breaker is going to be closed can be done by built-in dead line
detection.

When Dead Line Detection signal goes from 1 to 0, one time-window of 1s (default
value) is opened. If during this window a fault is detected (UI Level algorithm) THEN
SOTF-TRIP signal is issued.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- DEAD LINE DETECTION OR CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION ONLY!

FAULT DETECTION IS BASED BY UI Level Algorithm

ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- DEAD LINE DETECTION OR CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION

With these settings:

SOTF is initiated by:

- CB CLOSING CONTACT INFORMATION ONLY!

FAULT DETECTION IS BASED BY UI Level Algorithm or by

Non Directional Impedance detection (ZM02-STND)
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF Automatic CB close detection
If Automatic detection of CB closing is desired, the GATE GT01 should be set OFF.
Dead Line Detection is built-in in SOTF function block.

If GATE GT01 = GT02 = OFF, this logic is not used.

ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF Activation by CB contact

If GATE GT01 = ON and GATE GT02 = OFF, then activation of SOTF by auxiliary
contact of the circuit breaker is enabled (Automatic detection is always enabled).

Time delay: to avoid that too fast auxiliary Normally Closed CB contacts enable SOTF before
the tripped protection function (and also ZM02-STND) resets with consequence the A/R
attempt is blocked by SOTF.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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SOTF Activation by CLOSE command
If GATE GT02 = ON and GATE GT01 = OFF, then activation of SOTF by Close
Command to circuit breaker (automatic by A/R or manual) is achieved. Automatic
detection is always enabled.
ABB AB, 2007

2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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