Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CORPORATION LTD
(132KV SUB STATION)
APROJECTREPORT
Submittedby
Mr.HARPREETSINGH
inpartialfulfillmentfortheawardofthedegree
of
BECHELOROFTECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICALENGINEERING
At
1
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CTIEMT,SHAHPUR
JALANDHAR,PUNJAB
AUGUEST 2012
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled Industrial Training at 132KV sub-station
Hoshiarpur for the B.Tech is my original work and the project has not formed
the basis for the award of any degree, associateship, fellowship or any other
similar titles.
SignatureoftheStudent:
Place:
Date:
2
Tableofcontents
Title page i
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
3
2.5 Fuses xxv
2.6 Capacitor bank xxvii
2.7 D.C battery room xxviii
2.8 Insulator xxx
2.9 Power line carrier communication xxxv
2.10 Current transformer xxxvi
2.11 Power factor xxxix
2.12 Potential transformer xxxxi
2.13 Isolator xxxxiii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The industrial training at 132kv S/S, Hoshiarpur was a fruitful experience. I wish to
express my deep gratitude to my respected teacher had Er. Chaman Lal Electrical Deppt. in
C.T.I.E.M.T for their sincere invaluable guidance and also for their sympathetic attitude
which inspire me a lot. I also want to thanks Er. Davinder Singh for their able guidance
132kv S.S. Hoshiarpur for their support with the help of which I was able to a little to the
knowledge they posses. The concerned affects were helpful, supporting and concurring,
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ABSTRACT
Industrial Training is very important part of our studies, especially for technical
student that aimed at enabling the students to apply their theoretical knowledge gained in the
classroom to practical situations as were said, Theory is to know hows practical to do how.
The project undertaken at 132kv grid S.S. Hoshiarpur. I will emerge a better-informed, better
skilled person and better engineer equipped with the cutting edge knowledge in my field at
specialization. I learnt a lot while working on project work and making the report. I hope the
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INTRODUCTION OF SUB-STATION
has a 1 CKT which is dependently & independently connected. This Sub-Station has a Four
Power transformer. The capacity of all T/F is 50MVA. The capacity of three transformer is
50MVA which are t-1, t-2, which work on 132 KV. The capacity of fourth transformer is 20
MVA which is t-2 work on 66 KV. This sub-station have a 17 feeder .132v feeder Sham
tranforamer . This Sub-Station have a two capacitor Bank. It has a big battery room 110
batteries are connected in Series in this sub-stations. The capacity of per battery 300 AH and
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HISTORY OF SUB-STATION
This sub-station is made in 27 MAY 1983. This S.S. is situated in jalandhar Road,
Hoshiarpur. It is situated from 1km from Parvat Chonk Bypass. The S.S. get supply in LKT
like 400kv S S Malerkotla. It has 3 powers TIF. The capacity of three T/F 100 MVA. This
Sub-Station giving the supply to 17 feeders which are Dhuri, Barnala, Pakhowal,
Govindgarh, Amloh. Naudhrani, kup kalan, Sandour, Malaud, Bhanbaura etc. It has a big d.c.
battery room 110 batteries are install in series in this S.S. The capacity of one battery is
300Ah. The capacity of one cell is 2 volt. There are SF6 CKT breaker install in this S.S.
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EXPERIMENTAL WORK
132KV sub-station we replace three Air Blast Circuit Breakers with three new Sulphur
efficient circuit breaker used at high transmission line. The line from we replace breaker is
Bhogpur line. At 12-may-2012 S.S.O Harbans Singh call the jcb of electricity board. The
whole team of sub-station dismetal the Air Blast Circuit Breaker. At the place of old circuit
We place new panels & connect C.T wires, P.T wires ,Isolators indication wires, circuit
breaker indication and control wires, semo fore etc. Then we connect wires of three circuit
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SUMMARY OF TRIAINING
This sub-station has a 1 CKT which is dependently & independently connected. This Sub-
Station has a four power transformer. The capacity of all T/F is 50MVA. The capacity of t-1
t-2 transformer is 50MVA which are t-1, t-2, which work on 132 KV. The capacity of t-3 ,t-4
Circuit Breakers with three new Sulphur Hexafluoride circuit breakers of crompton greaves.
The line from we replace breaker is Pakhowal line. At 12-may-2012 S.S.O Harbans Singh
call the jcb of electricity board. The whole team of sub-station dismetal the Air Blast Circuit
Breaker. At the place of old circuit breaker we place the new SF6 circuit breakers.
Transformer:-
It is a static device which transfer a.c electric power from one circuit to other circuit
at the same frequency. Four transformers are used four transformer on 132kv line and
one on66kv.
Circuit Breaker:-
It is a device which makes or breaks the circuit under no load, full load, fault
condition. The circuit breaker which are using there are SF6, OIL circuit breaker of
different capacities
Isolator:-
These are knife switches which are operated at no load. Their main function is to
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These are connected between line and earth. Their purpose is to protect the
transmission lines.
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EXPLANATION OF KEY DIAGRAM
In the key diagram this sub-station get supply from CKT i.e 132kv S S Hoshairpur .
First coupling capacitor, wave trap C.T, Isolator , SF6 CB, and isolator are connected on ckt.
Four power transformer are connected on this sub-stations. The capacity of transformer is
50MVA which are t-1,t-2,which work on 132 KV. The capacity of t-3 ,t-4 transformer 20
MVA which which is work on 66 KV. This sub-station have a 17 feeder .66Kv feeder Sham
Chrasi, Nasrala, Ahowal, Focal Point, Mahavir Mill, Sadhu Ashram, Ajowal connected to
T/F. This sub-station have a two capacitor bank which are also connected to 141Kv.
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SUB STATION
Classifications of Sub-Stations:
1. Static Sub-Station
This S.S. work on A.C. Voltage are called Static Sub-Stations. These comply T/F
Industrial consumer.
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6. Underground Sub-Station
These S.S. are built underground in big cities, like Mumbai where sufficient space
at the same frequency, It is used to step-up or step-down the voltage. At all the Sub-
station except at the generating station, step down transformer are employed.
Circuit Breaker:-
It is a device which makes or breaks the circuit under no load, full load, fault
condition. It can be operate manually under normal condition and automatically under
the portion of circuit from other. These are generally placed on both the sides of the
circuit breaker in order to maintenance on the circuit breaker without any danger. For
maintenance, First of all circuit breakers are opened then isolator are opened and
Insulators:-
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Generally, suspension and strain insulators are employed at the sub-stations. They
be below 1600 A.
6. Fire extinguishers in required numbers should be provided in the Sub-Station.
7. Power Cables should be isolated from Central Cables.
8. The Sub-Station should be kept neat & clean.
9. The various layout and electrical network of the Sub-Stations should be displayed.
Comparison between Indoor & Outdoor Sub-Stations:
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METAL CLAD SWICTH BOARDS
These are built in electrical workshops and are shipped to the site of installations fully
incoming and outgoing power circuit are required to made. Cubicles for unit type switch
boards or sub-station take the form of fully enclosed metal clad cabinets.
Metal clad cubicles designed with with drawable trucks and
divided into several compartments are usually employed The several compartments in which
the cubicles is divided are control compartment, indicating, metering and protective devices
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POWER TRANSFORMER
In this type of sub-station step down transformer is employed. It is a static device which
transfer a.c electric power from one circuit to other circuit at the same frequency, It is used to
step-up or step-down the voltage. At all the Sub-station except at the generating station, step
bars which are insulated from the tank cover. These are known as bushing.
2. Conservator Tank:
Conservator is also known as air expansion chamber. It is a small cylindrical air tight
vessel. The conservator is connected with a tube to the main T/F tank at the tank
cover. The expansion and contraction of air changes the oil level in the conservator.
3. Breather:
The T/F air should not be allowed
to come in contact with atmospheric air, a small amount of moisture causes a great
decrease in the di-electric strength of T/F oil. When oil level in the oil conservator
relay which gives warning of any fault developing inside the transformer and if the
fault is dangerous the relay disconnects the T/F circuit. The relay is installed in the
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When ever a fault occur inside the transformer, the oil
of the tank gets over-heated and gases are generated. The generation of gas may be
slow or fast depending upon fault. Most shot circuit are developed either by inpulse
breakdown between adjacent turns at the end turns of the winding or as a very poor
initial contact which will immediately heat to arcing temperature. The heat generated
by high local current causes the transformer oil to decompose and produce gas which
can be used to detect the winding fault. Buchholz relay operates only on this principle.
5. Oil tank:
It is a main tank of transformer .Oil tank contains transformer oil, primary winding,
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Transformer T-1, T-2,
Capacity 50MVA
Rated input voltage 132KV
Output voltage 66KV
HV amperes 260A
LV amperes 875A
Short ckt time 3sec
Volume of oil 59000LTRs
Transformer T-3,T-4
Capacity 20MVA
Rated input voltage 66KV
Output voltage 33KV
HV amperes 175A
LV amperes 1050A
Short ckt time 3sec
Volume of oil 9950LTRs
RELAY
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There are many types of relays in the sub-station the ralays are designed to operate in
response to one or more electric quantities such as voltage, current, phase angle etc. It is used
for protection.
Types of relay according to construction:
1. Thermal relay:
The heating effect of electric current is used for the operation of these relays.
2. Electric magnetic attraction relay:
The operation of these relays depends upon the movement of an armature under the
influence of attractive forces due to magnetic field set-up by current flowing through
induction eddy current induced in the disc, free to rotate, exert torque on it.
Types of relay according to applications :
1. Over voltage & Over current relay.
2. Under voltage relay.
3. Directional Current relay.
4. Differential Relay.
5. Distance Relay
6. Over current & earth fault relay..
7. Restricted earth fault relay
Directional Relay
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This relay operates that time when current flows in one direction and the current flows
operates.
Distance Relay
Its operation depends upon its voltage and current ratio.
Over Current & Earth Fault Relay
One mechanical disc is installed in this relay and this disc is around the
electromagnetic pole. This disc operates that time when current increased to the limit.
Moving contacts is connected to the disc and this moving contact is around with the
disc. A.C. coil is installed in this relay. This coil accepts the supply to the secondary.
Differential Relay
This relay is used for transformer protection. The relay operates when vector
difference in the electrical system of the power system. This relay is known as zonal
relay.
Restricted earth fault relay
This relay is used for transformer protection when fault is done in the T/F and this
relay operates & shut down the T/F. This relay is connected on the star winding. This
FUSES
Fuse is a current interrupting device which breaks or open the circuit by fusing the element
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Types of fuse
1. Rewirable fuse:
The most commonly used fuse in generally used for small current circuit is the rewirable
fuse. It consist of a porcelain base carrying the fixed contact to which the incoming and
outgoing live or phase wires are connected and a porcelain fuse carrier holding the fuse
element consisting of one or more strands of fuse wire stretched between its terminals.
The fuse carrier is a separate part and can be taken out or inserted in the base without any
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2. High rupturing capacity fuses
When large concentration of power concerned, as in modern distribution system, it is
essential that fuses should have a definite known breaking capacity and also this breaking
capacity should have a high value. High rupturing capacity cartridge fuse, commonly
called HRC cartridge fuses, have been designed and developed after intensive research by
shape Normally the fuse element has two or more sections joined by mean of a tin joint. The
purpose of tin joint is to limit the temperature of fuse under small over load. The melting
point of silver is 9600 while that of pure tin is 2300. As the circuit is overloaded the melting of
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CAPACITOR BANK
Capacitor Bank is an instrument that observes the leading current and destroys the
lagging current and improvement in power factor with the help of capacitor bank. Capacitor
earth.
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A d.c. battery is the brain of substation. The Sub. Station cannot work without the d.c.
battery room. 110 batteries are connected in series on this substation. The capacity of per
battery is 300AH. The capacity of per cell is 2vold. The main point of d.c. Battery room is
when temperature increase gravity decrease, when temperature decrease gravity increase. The
gravity is measuring with the help of Hydrometer. The batteries are filled with sulphuric
acid. The gravity should be near by 1220. The temperature should be near by 34 Deg.
Main parts of Battery:-
1. Container
2. Plates +ve, -ve
3. Separator
4. Plate Connector
5. Cell Connector
6. Celling Compound
7. Electrolyte
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4. All the connection should be tight.
5. The level of electrolyte should be proper.
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INSULATORS
The overhead lines conductor on the tower in such away that current from the wear
conductor dont flow to the earth through to support. The function of the insulator is
provide most economic, simple and efficient method of conductor and bus-bar support
for voltage upto and including 33KV.The life of modern pin type insulator respectively
long(expected to about 50years). Pin type insulator are available for upto 50KV.
The pin type insulator is designed to be mounted on a pin secured on the cross
arm of the pole. The insulator is screwed on the pin and the line conductor is placed in
the grove at the top of the insulator and is tied down with soft copper wire.
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Suspension type insulator:
With the increase in operating voltage, the insulation required increases. Transmission
line use extremely high voltages, 400KV, for example. At These voltages pin
flexibility connected in series with metal links form of a string. The suspension hangs
from the cross-arm of the supporting structure and the line conductor is attached to its
lower end.
Because there no pin problem, we can put any distance between the
cross-arm and the conductor by adding more insulators to the string. The entire unit
50,000volts.
2. Each unit of suspension type insulator is designed for low voltage and can be used by
connecting them in series, the number depends upon the working voltage.
3. In the event of failure of of an insulator , one unit , instead of whole string, can be
replaced.
4. Suspension insulator give more flexibility to the line.
5. The suspension type insulator, when used in conjunction with steel tower, has an
Strain insulator:
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Where there is a dead wire, or there is a corner or a sharp curve, the line cross river etc,
the line subjected to great tension . Pin type insulator cannot be used in such situations.
For low voltages shackle type insulator can be used, but for high voltage transmission line
type insulator used in horizontal direction but strain insulator used in vertical direction.
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Shackle type insulator:
The shackle insulator almost universally used on low voltage lines and a very neat,
efficient arrangement. Every insulator is coated with an extremely hard, that reduces
accumulation of surface deposits. The surface can be easily cleaned and it will not
crack when subjected to temperature changes. The wet flash voltage and dry flash-
over voltage for shackle insulator 10kv and 25kv respectively while the puncture
voltage is 35kv.
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Stay insulator
Such insulator are of egg shape, also called stay insulators. And are used in guy
cables, where it is necessary to insulate the lower part of guy cable. From the pole for
safety of people and animal of the ground. This type of insulator consists of a
porcelain piece pierced with two holes at right angle to each other through which two
ends of guy wire are looped .These insulator are provided at a height of about 3 m
from the ground level. The size of insulator used depends upon the tension strength of
stay wire.
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POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
The main purpose of PLC is to transmit speech to convey message from
one sub-station to other sub-station to another through transmission lines at high frequencies.
Wave Trap:-
It acts as an Insulator for high frequency carrier signal and a conductor for the power
Coupling Capacitor:-
Its acts as conductor for high frequency carrier. It is a capacitor which posses high
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Current transformer is an instrument used for step down the high current of large
magnitude by stepping down action to measure high current by mean of small range ammeter
These are the instrument transformers. The secondary winding if C.T is connected to
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instrument placed on the panel board. The secondary winding is also connected to operating
1. Core
2. Primary winding
3. Secondary winding
1. Protective C.T.: -
Supply given to the protective relays with the help of protective C.T
The supply given to the amperemeter energy meter with the help of
measuring C.T.
Others types of C.T. :-
1. Compound C.T.
2. Bar type or ring type C.T.
3. Multi resho C.T.
4. Multicore
5. Bush type
Precautions :-
1. The secondary winding of C.T should not be open.
2. Fuse should not connected in the secondary winding.
3. Primary winding of C.T always connected in the series with the load .
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4. The connection are always tight of primary winding and secondary winding.
Test of C.T :-
1. Insulation test
2. Resho test
3. Polarity test
1. Insulation test:-
Meggar is an instrument used for measuring the insulation test.
2. Resho test:-
Primary injection set with the help of Resho test and current passes
through the primary winding into secondary winding if C.T is not proper so these Resho
POWER FACTOR
Power factor may be cosine the angle between voltage and current in an a.c system.
Types of power factor:-
1. Unity power factor:-
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The current in pressure coil p1 will be in phase with the load current or current in cc and
the current in pressure coil p2 will log by 90 degree behind the voltage in current coil.
2. Lagging power factor:-
In this case both the pressure coil p1 and p2 would experiences turning moments in
current. improve the power factor with the help of capacitor . Capacitor bank is connected on
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Potential transformer:-
Potential transformer is a step down transformer which is used to measure alternating
high voltages by means of low range voltmeters or for energizing the potential coils of
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Types:-
1. P.T for Protection
2. P.T for measurment
oil level.
2. Testing of insulator and testing of After 3 months
kuracus.
3. Testing of primary and secondary and After 3 months
earthing connections.
4. Testing of gas kit After 3 months
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ISOLATOR
These are knife switches which are operated at no load. Their main function is to isolator the
portion of circuit from other. These are generally placed on both the sides of the circuit
breaker in order to maintenance on the circuit breaker without any danger. For
maintenance, First of all circuit breakers are opened then isolator are opened and
Since isolator are employed only for isolating circuits when current has already been
interrupted, they are simple pieces of equipments. They ensure that the current is not
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CIRCUIT BREAKER
Circuit breaker:-
It is a device which makes or breaks the circuit under no load, full
load, fault condition. It can be operate manually under normal condition and
Disadvantages:-
1. Compressor set is used for this C.B. so these C.B have a lot of care.
2. Air leakage is very high of this C.B so its testing is very important time by time.
2. Vaccum C.B:-
When contacts are separate of c.b an arc produce between the particulars. The
meaning of vacum that normal pressure to minimum pressure. The distance in the contact
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3. SF6 C.B
SF 6 C.B stands for Sulphur Hexafluoride
Circuit breaker .In this circuit breaker
Sulphur Hexafluoride gas is used to
extinguish arc between fix & movable
contact.
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1. 220V DC supply J1-J2
2. Remote close K1
3. Auto close K3
4. Remote main trip K21R-K21Y-K21B
5. Trip supervision relay K31R-K31Y-K31B
6. 1 phase 240V AC supply H1-H2
for lamp & heating purpose
7. Closing spring charging indication L5R-L6R- L5Y-L6Y- L5B-L6B
Crompton greaves
1. Rated voltage 145KV
2. Normal current 1600A
3. Short ckt breaking current 40KA
4. Motor voltage 230V
5. Opening and closing voltage 220DC
6. SF6 gas pressure 7KG/cm2
7. Weight 650Kvq
8. Gas wt 21KG
crack
Bus-bar
Bus bar is conductor which is used for connecting incoming and outgoing lines. It is known
as bus bar.
Bus bar following two types:-
1. Indoor bus bar:- Indoor bus bar is used in control room.
2. Outdoor bus bar:- Outdoor bus bar is used for yart.
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Indoor clearance:-
Voltage kv Minimum clearance M.C phase
0.415 16mm 19mm
11 77m 127mm
station. When any fault and repair in the sub-station that time this bus bar is closed.
2. sectional bus bar:-
These sections are connected with bus coupler when we do repair and maintenance
load is 0 an second bus bar with the help of bus coupler. The work of repair and maintenance
without the supply closed. These bus bar is used an high sub-station.
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Lighting Arrestor
equipments from lighting. Lighting arrestor are connected an sub-station one is an bus bar
and second lighting arrestor connected near the power transformer. This is simplest form of
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surge diverter consisting of two 12 mm or square with ends facing each other, one connected
to line, second connected to earth. These are usually connected across the bussing of various
equipments. The rod gap depends upon operating voltage of the system.
Advantages of lighting arrestor:-
1. It can abserine the high voltage the maximum time.
2. Normal system is run during the lighting and does not tripping.
voltage level. Every phase is similar to insulator. Terminals are connected an phase
It works like an single rod gap. It also connected between two gaps.
Voltage Single gap Double gap
11kv 33mm to 50mm 18mm to 25mm
33kv 229mm
66kv 350mm
132kv 650mm
220kv 1230mm
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Value type lighting arrestors are used an sub-stations. These arrestors are connected
near the bus bar and power transformer. Stack sparx are connected in this arrestor and
linear resistors are connected in series in this arrestor. When current passes through it its
ohmic value is loss. It is connected into tight porcelen. If humidity does not enter it. It has
two terminal. Top terminal is connected an terminal line and bottom terminal is connected
insulator.
4. Taking the value of I.R. After 12 months
MEGGAR
Meggar is an instrument used for measure the High resistance and Insulation
resistance. It consists of hand driven generator and a direct reading true ohm meter. The
magnetic field for both generator as well as meter is provided by the permanent magnets. The
moving system of Meggar consists of three coil; current coil, pressure coil & compensating
coil which are mounted on a shaft which are free to rotate over a C-shaped Iron case. The
coils are connected to the circuit by means of flexible wire. The moving system may take up
and position over the scale when the generator handle is stationery.
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The current coil is connected in series with the resistance, between the generator
terminal and the test terminal marked L & E. When the terminals are short circuit and the
generator handle is moved, a heavy current passes through the current coil. The resistance
also controls the range of instrument. The P.C. is in series with a compensating coil and
handle is then turned at uniform speed. The turning of the handle must be kept up, the pointer
gives steady reading. The reading on the scale gives resistance in mega ohms.
REFERENCES
This training report on 132KV sub-station is writtten by me on my industrial training.
Each topic is this is treated in an easy style. I took technical knowledge from J.E
SYSTEM BY S K SAHDEV.
I took some snaps from sub-station and also from internet.
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Out sincere thank to J.E Davinder Singh and also Sso Harbans Singh For their
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