DESIGN SHORTS NOTES

There are 4 steps for impact test exemption assessment. You need to know these steps. You might be
exempted in the first, second or third steps and might not be exempted even in step 4.So if you are in
step 4 and you have not exempted, then you need to carry out the test.

Basic Concept:
You may know carbon steels and low alloy steels exhibit a drastic change in their room
temperature ductility at sub-zero service temperatures. Different types of materials exhibit
different types of transition behavior.
We can see there is a sudden, phenomenal drop in their notch-toughness properties below the
"transition" range of temperature, which should be a matter of concern for us.
Body centered cubic or Ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact
tested over a range of temperatures. Above transition temperature range, impact specimens
fracture in a "ductile" manner, absorbing relatively large amounts of energy.
At lower temperatures, i.e. below the transition temperature range, the impact test specimens
are found to fracture in a brittle (cleavage) manner, absorbing less energy.
And within the transition temperature range, the fracture is a mixture of ductile and brittle
nature.
A material would be invulnerable to a sudden drop in notch-toughness at the lowest specified
service (or design) temperature, if it is proved by conducting Charpy V-notch Impact tests on
representative test samples, at reference (the lowest service) temperature.
Grain refined carbon steel forgings and wrought materials (thoroughly worked and normalized)
generally exhibit good notch toughness.

You need to follow the following clauses to make exemption assessment for ASME impact test
requirement:
UG-20(f) UCS-66(a) UCS-66(b) UCS-68(c)

First you have to keep your pressure vessel design data available and then refer to UG-20 (f).
If you are exempted from this clause, you do not need proceed further.
But if you are not exempted by UG-20 (f), you have to proceed to UCS-66(a), but again if you
are exempted, there is no need for more assessment.
But if not, you have to proceed to UCS-66(b). If you are exempted now, there is no need for
more assessment; otherwise, you have to proceed to UCS-68(c), and again if you are still not
exempted, you have to carry out impact testing.
For some cases, You might be exempted from the ASME impact test requirement in the first
stage in UG-20 (f). In others, You might be exempted in UCS-66(a) or UCS-66(b) or UCS-
68(c). If you are not exempted, you must prepare yourself for doing this costly test.
This test would be more costly out of the US because of Laboratory Accreditation
requirements. Also, there are fewer accredited labs in Europe and the Middle East, and their
price is high as well.
UG-20(f):-
We will start with UG-20(f) for the ASME impact test requirement. If your MOC (Material of
Construction) is categorized in P-No. 1 or 2 (Refer to ASME Code Section IX for P-No Definition)
and your MOC thickness has the limited value defined in this clause, then you might be exempted
from impact testing.
But you need to refer to Fig UCS-66 in ASME Code Section VIII Div 1 and see in which
A, B, C or D curves your MOC is listed. All ASME carbon steel and low alloy steel
material is distributed in these 4 groups (Curves) of materials.
You need to know that the materials listed in curve D have the best toughness property, better
than the materials listed in curve C. Similarly materials listed in curve C have better
toughness properties compared to materials listed in curve B and materials listed in Curve B
have better toughness than materials listed in Curve A .

When you determine your MOC curve, then you have to review UG-20(f) and look for the
possibility of exemption from the ASME impact test requirement. There are some other
conditions in this clause, which you should consider for exemption.
For instance, the vessel should be hydrostatically tested after completion, and the thermal
and mechanical loading can not be a design controlling factor.
For example, if your MOC is a normalized SA 516 Gr.70 with 0.75 inch thickness you will be
exempted from ASME impact test requirement.
Your thickness, in this example, is 0.75 of an inch, and is listed in curve D which is up
to 1 inch, you are exempted by this clause. Of course, you will be carry out hydro-static
test and ensure that the mentioned loadings are not a design controlling factor in your
considered pressure vessel.
UCS-66(a)
So assume that in the above example, your MOC thickness is 1.125 inch instead of 1 inch, you
will not be exempted by UG-20(f) and you have to refer to UCS-66(a);
But for assessment, based on this clause, you need to know your pressure vessel MDMT
(Minimum Design Metal Temperature). Assume that is -20 degree F, so you should now go to
Fig. UCS-66 and locate 1.125 inch in the horizontal axis and draw a vertical line.
In a similar way, locate -20 degree F in the vertical axes and draw a horizontal line. These two
lines will cross each other.
See above Figure, the lines are identified in red.
If the cross point falls above the curve D (because your MOC is listed in curve D) you are
exempted. Otherwise you are not, but for the current example, you are above the curve D so
you are exempted from impact testing.
To simplify your assessment for the ASME impact test requirement, the Fig-66 has been
converted to the table(table UCS-66). For any MOC with specific thickness you can go to this
table and see what is the minimum permissible temperature without impact testing.

In the above example (normalized SA 516 Gr.70, Curve D, 1.125 inch thickness), the
minimum permissible temperature without impact test is -26 degree F. This means that, if in
the above example your MDMT changes from -20 degree F to -27 degree F, then you cannot
be exempted from the ASME impact test requirement by UCS-66(a), and you have to proceed
to UCS-66(b)
UCS-66(b)
Let us explain this clause with the above example. Your MDMT from above is -27 degree F,
nominal thickness is 1.125 inch, normalized SA 516 Gr.70 listed in curve D and you are not
exempted by UCS-66(a)
So you are here to continue your assessment to find a chance for exemption. You have to refer
to Fig UCS-66.1 and calculate the following formula:
Ratio= tr E / (tn c)
tr is the required design thickness for all applicable loading. We assume for the above example
that is 0.95 inch. E is your joint efficiency, and we assume for this vessel it is 1. This means
your vessel is RT2, tn is your nominal thinness, which in the example from above it is 1.125
inches, and C is corrosion allowance, and we assume it is 0.125 inches; so let calculate:
Ratio = 0.95x1/(1.125 0.125) Ratio= 0.95
See following Fig UCS-66(b):

Then go to the Figure UCS-66(b) and in the vertical axes locate Ratio and draw a horizontal
line. Then locate the cross point with the graph and draw a vertical line to cross the
horizontal axis.
You will be able to reach a value of 8 in the horizontal axes. This 8, is your 8 degree F bonus
from table UCS-66, which you can reduce by 8 degrees F minimum permissible temperature in
table without impact testing.
In the above example, your MDMT is -27 degree F, and in the UCS 66 table, the minimum
permissible temperature without impact testing designated -26 degree F. So with this clause you
can reduce it to -36 degree F(-26 -8 = -34). Your MDMT is -27 degree F, so you are exempted
from impact testing with this clause.
UCS-68(c)
Let us change one variable in the above example. Let's assume you need to have -45 degree
F for your MDMT. Other variable are the same; it means normalized SA 516 Gr.70 listed in
curve D, thickness 1.125, so you can see you are not exempted by UCS-66(b);
This is because the minimum permissible temperature is -36 degree F, but your MDMT is -45
degree F, so UCS-68(c) might be helpful.
It says that if post weld heat treatment is not a code requirement and your P-No is 1 and you
carry out post weld heat treatment, a 30 degree F bonus will be granted to you to reduce the
minimum permissible temperature in table UCS-66.
So when post weld heat treatment is code requirement?
It is code requirement when your service is lethal and when your thickness for P-No. 1 is
greater than 1.5 inch;
So, for our example, our service is not lethal and our P-No. is 1 and thickness is 1.125 and it is
less than 1.5 inch: therefore, post weld heat treatment is not code requirement.
It means if you carry out post heat treatment, a 30 degree F bonus will be granted by this
clause. For this example our minimum permissible temperature would be -36-30=-66 degree F,
and your MDMT is -45 degree F, so you are exempted from impact testing.
Now the worst case: in the above, assume you need to have -70 degree F for your MDMT; you
can see with this new condition you cannot be exempted even by UCS-68(c) and you have to
carry out impact testing.
MAWP NOTES
The ASME maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) for the pressure vessel is calculated
by pressure vessel manufacturer. The design pressure is different from MAWP. The design
pressure is provided by the purchaser (Owner /User) but the MAWP shall be provided by the
manufacturer and must be indicated in the design document and pressure vessel nameplate.
which of the following MAWP's will be in the design document and nameplate? The answer is
the one which is in the topmost of the vessel and is lowest of the other part MAWP.
Conclusion: The purchaser provides, the design pressure and temperature and manufacturer is
responsible for making the calculation and provide the vessel MAWP. The hydrostatic testing
also will be based on MAWP and not design pressure

Please note this apply to the pressure vessel only. For instance, in process piping based on
ASME B31.3, we do not calculate the MAWP and everything will be based on the design
pressure.

FLANGE DESIGN
1. (a) The rules in Mandatory Appendix 2 apply specifically to the design of bolted flange connections
with gaskets
that are entirely within the circle enclosed by the bolt holes and with no contact outside this circle,

These rules are not to be used for the determination of the thickness of supported or unsupported
tubesheets integral with a bolting
flange as illustrated in Figure UW-13.2 sketches (h) through (l) or Figure UW-13.3 sketch (c).
Nonmandatory
Appendix S provides discussion on Design Considerations for Bolted Flanged Connections.
 2. These rules provide only for hydrostatic end loads and gasket seating.
3. 2-4 TO 2-8 is for circular flange
4. 2-9 and 2-10 for the design of split and noncircular flanges.
5. 2-11 for flanges with ring type gaskets subject to external pressure,
6. 2-12 for flanges with nutstops, and
7. 2-13 for reverse flanges.
8. Rules for calculating rigidity factors for flanges are provided in 2-14.
9. Recommendations for qualification of assembly procedures and assemblers are in 2-15. Proper
allowance shall be made if connections are subject to external loads other than external
pressure.
10 The design of a flange involves the selection of the gasket (material, type, and dimensions), flange
facing, bolting, hub proportions, flange width, and flange thickness.

11. (c) It is recommended that bolted flange connections conforming to the standards listed in UG-44 be
used for
connections to external piping.
2-4 CIRCULAR FLANGE TYPES:-

(a) For purposes of computation, there are three types:

(1) Loose Type Flanges. This type covers those designs in which the flange has no direct connection
to the
nozzle neck, vessel, or pipe wall, and designs where the method of attachment is not considered to give
the mechanical strength equivalent of integral attachment. See Figure 2-4 sketches (1), (1a), (2), (2a),
(3), (3a), (4), (4a),
(4b), and (4c) for typical loose type flanges and the location of the loads and moments.
 (2) Integral Type Flanges This type covers designs where the flange is cast or forged integrally with
the nozzle
neck, vessel or pipe wall, butt welded thereto, or attached by other forms of arc or gas welding of such
a
nature that the flange and nozzle neck, vessel or pipe wall is considered to be the equivalent of an
integral structure.In welded construction, the nozzle neck, vessel, or pipe wall is considered to act as a
hub. see Figure 2-4 sketches
(5), (6), (6a), (6b), and (7) for typical integral type flanges and the location of the loads and moments.
Welds and
other details of construction shall satisfy the dimensional requirements given in Figure 2-4 sketches (5),
(6), (6a), (6b), and (7).

(3) Optional Type Flanges. This type covers designswhere the attachment of the flange to the
nozzle neck, vessel
or pipe wall is such that the assembly is considered toact as a unit, which shall be calculated as an
integral flange,
except that for simplicity the designer may calculate the onstruction as a loose type flange provided
none of the
following values is exceeded:
See Figure 2-4 sketches (8), (8a), (9), (9a), (10),
(10a), and (11) for typical optional type flanges. Welds
and other details of construction shall satisfy the dimensional
requirements given in Figure 2-4 sketches (8),
(8a), (9), (9a), (10), (10a), and (11).