CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MATH

Arranged by : Ghalih Hakiki Kavisa

Nime : 21030116140126

Department Chemical Engineering

University of Diponegoro
SEMARANG
2017
 Chemical engineering math
SUBJECT MATTER

INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION OF DATA
MODELIZATION OF EQUATION
- TANGENTS METHOD
- LINEARIZATION OF EQUATION
- LEAST SQUARE METHOD
SOLUTION OF EQUATION BY TRIAL & ERROR
GRAPHYCAL INTEGRATION
MEAN VALUE
LEVER ARM RULE
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR PHYSICAL PROBLEMS

Chem. Eng is a disiplince of science that changes one material into other material that
more useful or have on higher economic value. Chemical engineering need from math, physic,
chemistry, and economic science. Where math is a keyword from all knowledge that we will
study. This subject is came from math 1 and math ii as the basic that is not enough to solve all
engineering problem,the are also many chapter that not given on basic math 1 and math ii.
-Presentation Data
Table
Graphic
Equation
-Data will be came from experiment and observation usually presentate on table.
Table can be plotted to x and y variable
Where x is independent variable and y is depend variable
Example
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Y 2.5 5.6 10.5 12.5 16.4 24.6 33.1 37.1 42.6

Table can be have more than one dependent variable

-Presentation of data in graphical form:
Can be explained on 2D graphical form with x and y gridline and 3D form with x,y and z
gridline. Exact graphics usually have a regresion equation that will help to find more
variables or to find out what relationship, if any axist between sets of data. Graphical form
also can explain the data with have more than one dependent variables
-Presentation Of Data In Equation Form
From the table and graphical data can be transformed into empirical equation through
equation modelling.
Example Cp = A + BT ; Cp = A + BT + CT^2
Vapor pressure is function of T (Antoin eqn) log P=A-B/(C+T)
Equation form can be used for complicated problem simultanous equation/ differentiation/
integration.
-Equation Modelling
It is about how we construct the equation. The data came from straight line or non-linear
line.

Ex:
General equation for straight line:

this equaation is unusable if a and b is unvaluable or we dont know exactly

whats value of a and b. So we should assume that:

And we will know a and b

-The Difinition of dY/dX is

the general form of dY/dX

Representation of dY/dX in graphical form
So we conclude that:
dY/dX=Y/X

SCALE
In engineering math we know two type of scale, linear and logaritmic scale
-In linear scale vertical and horizontal scale is linear and have same preposition (proper) scale
that we usually called same distance of scale. For example milimeter block, linear scale start
from zero (0).

Linear Scale
-Logaritmic scale contains linear and logaritmic scale. Each linear scale devided by subscale
and the distance of scale is different.

Semilog scale: contains linear and logaritmic scale

Log-log scale: contains logaritmic and logaritmic scale.
Numbering on logaritmic scale start from one 1 and then 10,100,1000, and so on.
-How To Make Logaritmic Scale?
1. Make graph that have x axis N and y axis logN
2. Plot them into graph relationships of N and logN
3. Make a proyection points to vertical line
4. logaritmic scale is done

LINERIZATION OF EQUATION : to calculate the slope and intercept easily

-Coordinate of semilog
Y be aX Y a bX cX 2
log Y log b log e aX
Y be aX

Parabolic non linear form (log-log)

a=0 atau 1
Linearization Of Eq
PROBLEM
Sucrose had hydrolyzed in dilution solution accordance with the reaction :
C12 H 22O11 H 2O 2C6 H12O6

Rate of sucrose hydrolysis is directly proportional to the concentration of sucrose in dilute

solution. Create a mathematical model that indicate the concentration of sucrose as a function
of time and calculate the hydrolysis rate constant of sucrose, if preparing the experimental data
as follows:

Time (minute) 0 30 60 90 120 180

 Concent. Of sucrose 10.023 9.022 8.077 7.253 6.297 5.347
(g/l)

Plot concentration vs time in the graph of semilog scale.

 LEAST SQUARE METHODS
One method to determine the equation curve line curve straight
LEAST SQUARE
Sum of square of deviation is minimum

In the case of linear eq:

Y a bX c 0
na b X i Yi 0

a
Y i b X i
n

From eq: when c=0

a X i b X i2 X i Yi 0
Substitute a:

Yi b X i
X i b X i2 X i Yi 0
n

X Y
X i Yi
i i

b n
( X i ) 2
X i
2

n

PROBLEM
Numerical methods to solve the data

Make a numerical table

 X Y
X Y
i i
i i
b n
( X i ) 2
X i
2

n
(45)(184.9)
1236.7
b 9 5.203
(45) 2
285
9

a
Y i b X i
n
184.9 (5.203)( 45)
a 5.47
n
So, the result is same with previous graphic method

OTHER EXAMPLE

That is a polynomial eq
Make a numerical table of polynomial eq
With this eq:
1.

na b X i c X i2 Yi 0

2.

a X i b X i2 c X i3 X i Yi 0

3.

a X i2 b X i3 c X i4 X i2Yi 0

We can find a,b,c

So:

Y 0.557 4.675 X 2.078 X 2

SOLUTION OF EQUATION BY TRIAL AND AND ERROR

(EXCEL PROGRAM): the program that we use ms.excel program/ apps
- Make a table that contains a data of x and y
- Make a scatter diagram and remove horizontal line helper inside the diagram
- Add trendline and equation

R2 = Regretion
Higher value of R2 indicate lower deviation
Highest value of R2 is 1,000

Thats problem that we need to solve

Conclution
Manually
- Graphically

- Numerically/ leas square methods

Excel program: base on least square method

So the excel program is more accute than graphically and numerically and numerically methods

Trend line:
- Logaritmic
Suitable trendline have a
- Linear
high regretion R2 Value
- Exponential
- Power Higher value of regretion,
- Parabolic model indicate lower deviation

TRIAL AND EROR METHOD

Experiment :
Equation

e X X 14.2
2

We should assume:
e X 14.2 X 1.63
2

In the calculator the value of x=1,6625

So range value of x (1,70>x>1,63) is right and soluble
APPLICATION : CALCULATION OF INTEGRATION TO THE UNIT OPERATION
- To calculate the height of cooling tower
- To calculate the Number of Transfer Unit (NTOG)
- for calculating a tower/adsorber height
- To calculate the drying time, etc.

Mean Value

Cp mean equation:
C p1 C p 2 ... C pn
C p ( mean)
n
 C p1 C pn
C p ( average)
2

LEVEL ARM RULE

Priciple: using comparation componen a, b, c

Mole reaction: Xa= 0,55

Xb= 0,35
Xc= 0,1
________+
XT= 1
C 1,0
1,0
0

M
xA = 0,55
xB = 0,35
xC = 0,10

xC 0,5
0,5

0,5

.
M

. M
1,0

0
0

B 0,5
0 0,5 1,0 0 1,0
A xA
 1,0

xC 0,5

..
M1
M3 b
a
.
M2

0
xA2 xA3 xA1
0 1,0
xA

Total balance : M1 + M2 = M3 (1)

Component balance : M1 xA1 + M2 xA2 = M3 xA3 (2)
M1 xC1 + M2 xC2 = M3 xC3 (3)
(1) (2) M1 xA1 + M2 xA2 = (M1 + M2) xA3
M1 (xA1 - xA3) = M2 (xA3 - xA2)
M1/ M2 = (xA3 - xA2) / (xA1 - xA3) (4)

For Water Evaporation

Total balance : M1 = M3 - M2 (1)

Component balance : M1 xA1 + M2 xA2 = M3 xA3 (2)

(M3 - M2) xA1 + M2 xA2 = M3 xA3

M2 (xA2 - xA1) = M3 (xA3 - xA1)

M2/M3 = (xA3 - xA1) / (xA2 - xA1)

 M2/M3 = (xA1 - xA3) / (xA1 - xA2)

_____
M2 b

M 2 M 1M 3
_____
M3
M 1M 2 M 3 (a b)
APPLICATION: GRAPHICALLY SOLUTION FOR EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURE

LIQUID VAPORATION

DISTILLATION / EXTRACTION

CRYSTALIZATION. ETC

MOLLIER DIAGRAM
The T lowe than boiling poin sat liquid: the system less
Excatlyin curve
Mixture L-V sat vap
Located in curve
Superheated: out of sat vapor curve
C: critical condition temperature pressure
Laten heat evaporation/ T1=Hv-H2
T Principal
Provided H2SO4 98%, HNO3 68% and Water. Desired to prepare 1.000 kg acid mixture
(that containing 45% H2SO4, 30% HNO3 and 25% water in weight percent). Calculate,
weight of each concentrated acid and water required.
Ms + Mn = Msn

Msn + Mw = Mm

M sn X Am X Aw a 0.45 0
9
M w X Asn X Am b 0.50 0.45
 MATHEMATICALLY MODELLING FOR PHYSICAL PROBLEM

The Law of Mass Conservation

Mathematical modelling in the processes :
Mixing, Dilution.
Batch distillation

INPUT OUTPUT = ACCUMULATION

BATCH / CONTINU

OPERA- STEP At the time, t

TION
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

BATCH Filling X X

Processing / Reaction X X
 Production Output X X

CONTINU Third step carried out

simultaneously

PROCESS VARIABLES
FLOW RATE ; COMPOSITION ; TEMPERATURE ;
PRESSURE, ETC

Analysis :Input is not equal to out put Process is unsteady state C1 = f ( t ) ; V=f(t)
Concentr. (10) < 40 gr/l At unlimiting time, C1 =40 gr/l
Assumption: At every point and at any time, the solution concentration in the tank is
homogen. Exit solution concentration = concentration in the tank
Total balance (volume flow rate)

liter liter (V )
5 4
menit menit t
Where : V = volume of solution in the tank every time (liter)
t = time (minute)
 V
1
t

V 100 t
Component balance of NaOH
Rate of NaOH (enter the tank) Rate of NaOH (exit from the tank) = Rate of NaOH (that
accumulation in the tank)

l gr l gr (VC1 )
5 x40 4 xC1
menit l menit l t

dC1 dV
200 4C1 V C1
dt dt

At t = 0 (initial), concentr. In the tank = 0 (just containing H2O); At anytime t , concentration

= C1
5
t 100
C1 40 40
100
Flow rate (Q) / linear velocity (u) at the outlet B depends on height of liquid in the
tank (potential head, Z)
Height of Z is function of time, the longer time, the shorter Z
Q / u at the outlet B is not constant, the longer it goes down
Q, u = f (Z, t)
When D >> d, Q, u are relative constant
The condition was called quasi steady state
 2 g ( Z A Z B ) ( PA PB ) /( g ) d
2 1/ 2

t (Z Z A )
1 / 4 f( Le / d ) D