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Remote Terminal Unit

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A Picture of RTU Configuration

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What does an RTU do ?

Gathers information from the field, e.g.
analog values
alarm
status points
metered amounts

Keeps the information available in memory until the
MTU asks for it

Process MTU control instructions, e.g.
Opens/Closes valves
Turns switches on and off
Change set points

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Incoming Signals into RTU

From MTU From Field Devices

4-20 mA signals
Discrete control order

0 or 24V switch signals

Analog setting commands R
0 or 24V status signals
Stepping motor pulses T
Pulse train signals

Orders to respond U RS-232 messages

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Outgoing Signals from RTU

To MTU To Field Devices

Field analog signals 4-20 mA signals

Alarms 0 or 24V switch signals

R
Equipment status 0 or 24V status signals
T
Totalized meter signals Pulse train signals

U RS-232 messages
Equipment messages

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RTU as BLACKBOX

TO FIELD
COMMUNICATION

OUTPUT
CPU CONDITIONER
TO/FROM

INTERFACE
MODULE

MTU

FIELD
FROM FIELD
PROGRAM CONFIGURATION FIELD DATA INPUT
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY CONDITIONER

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Discrete Input

0000h

0001h

0002h

0003h
Bit 0 0 1 1 1 IN.24 = ON

Bit 1 1 0 1 1 IN.25 = ON
Memory Area

Discrete Input
Bit 2 1 1 0 1 IN.26 = ON
Discrete

Connection
Bit 3 1 1 0 0 IN.27 = OFF

Bit 4 0 0 0 1 IN.28 = ON

Bit 5 1 1 0 0 IN.29 = OFF

Bit 6 1 1 1 1 IN.30 = ON

Bit 7 0 1 1 1 IN.31 = ON

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Discrete Output

0100h

0101h

0102h

0103h
Bit 0 0 1 1 1 OUT.24 = ON

Bit 1 1 0 1 1 OUT.25 = ON
Memory Area

Discrete Output
Bit 2 1 1 0 1 OUT.26 = ON
Discrete

Connection
Bit 3 1 1 0 0 OUT.27 = OFF

Bit 4 0 0 0 1 OUT.28 = ON

Bit 5 1 1 0 0 OUT.29 = OFF

Bit 6 1 1 1 1 OUT.30 = ON

Bit 7 0 1 1 1 OUT.31 = ON

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Analog to Digital Conversion

8 bit analog to digital conversion :

4 mA or 1 V (0%) 00 hex
20 mA or 5 V (100%) FF hex
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Analog Input

0200h

0201h

0202h

0203h
Bit 0 0 1 1 1

Bit 1 1 0 1 1
Register Area

Bit 2 1 1 0 1

Analog Input
Analog

AIN.03

(1-5 V)
Bit 3 1 1 0 0 Analog to
Digital V
Bit 4 0 0 0 1 Converter
COM
Bit 5 1 1 0 0

Bit 6 1 1 1 1

Bit 7 0 1 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
V = 1+ + + + + + + + (5 1) V
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
AIN.00 AIN.01 AIN.02 = 2.36 V

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Digital to Analog Conversion

8 bit digital to analog conversion :

0 4 mA or 1 V (0%)
255 20 mA or 5 V (100%)

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Analog Output

0300h

0301h

0302h

0303h
Bit 0 0 1 1 1

Bit 1 1 0 1 1
Register Area

Analog Output
Bit 2 1 1 0 1
Analog

AOUT.03

(1-5 V)
Bit 3 1 1 0 0 Digital to
Analog V
Bit 4 0 0 0 1 Converter
COM
Bit 5 1 1 0 0

Bit 6 1 1 1 1

Bit 7 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
V = 1+ + + + + + + + (5 1) v
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
= 4.36 V
AOUT.00 AOUT.01 AOUT.02

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Communication Port

RS232
Point-to-point communication
(single master-slave configuration)
RTU modem connection

RS485/RS422
Point-to-multipoint communication
(single master-multiple slave configuration)

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MTURTU Communications

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RTU Addressing

Each RTU has a unique address

Data is received by the modem as a binary signal
modulated onto a carrier frequency

The modem strips off the carrier and makes a series
of ones and zeros available

Protocol driver extracts the MTUs message from this
series of ones and zeros

PLC software examines the MTUs message, acts as
instructed with proper control action, or send a
response message to MTU

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Communications Signal Processing

Unique
Electromagnetic
Instruction Address = 01
signal
Processing
(protocol
driver)

Binary
signal (RS232)
0010010011
Modulated
signal

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Instruction Processing
MTUs message :
00010001 00000010 00000000 11000100 00000000 00010110

Slave No. of Points

Address=11h Starting Coil (Low Byte)=16h
Address
(High Byte)=00h No. of Points
Function (High Byte)=00h
Code=02h Starting Coil
Read Input Coil Address
(Low Byte)=C4h

MTUs instruction for RTU with address 11h :

READ 22 DIGITAL INPUTS STARTING FROM ADDRESS 00C4h
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Instruction Processing
MTUs instruction for RTU with address 11h :
READ 22 DIGITAL INPUTS STARTING FROM ADDRESS 00C4h

Slave Byte Count = 03h

Address = 11h
Coil Data
Function (address 00C4h-00DAh)
Code = 02h
Read Input Coil

RTUs response :
00010001 00000010 00000011 10101100 11011011 00110101
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Example : ESP Operation Monitoring

RTU for ESP Monitoring & Control

LCD and
RS-232
Program ming
M odbus RTU Panel
Serial Com. Link,
M odbus RTU

Advanced Motor
Controller
Three Phase
AC Motor
Programing
Term inal

Pressure
Potential Switch
Transform er
B ackspin
Shunts

Current
Transform er

Ground Fault
Detection

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Summary

RTU is a microprocessor based programmable
controller which can :
examine the status of various types inputs and outputs
perform sequential/logic and analog programmable control
plan
perform data processing and communications algorithm

Equipped with proper communication interface and
devices, PLC can perform as a Remote Terminal Unit
(RTU) in SCADA system

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