ANSWER KEYS

102
 STUDENT BOOK ANSWER KEY
Note: Answers are not provided for tasks calling for students opinions or free responses.

CHAPTER 1 (pages 121) Reading Strategy (page 10)

Possible answers:
1. technical innovation
READING ONE 2. teamwwork
3. creativity
READING STRATEGY (page 3) 4. business acumen
c 5. money (not given as much of a focus in the reading)

Main Ideas (page 5) Main Ideas (page 12)

2, 3 1. False: The reading wasnt only about money it
also involved creativity and perseverance.
2. True
Close Reading (page 5)
3. False: He didnt find it easy to sell.
1. b 2. a 3. b
4. True
5. True
Guessing from Context (pages 67) 6. False: He was a good business leader.
Words that helped you guess:
2. resisted
Close Reading (pages 1213)
3. abandoned / given to
1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a
4. promised
5. follow his interests
6. commercial / new product Synonyms (page 13)
7. pushed out of his own company 2. necessary 5. sufficiency
8. technological / new ideas 3. disgust 6. unexceptional
4. inability 7. waste
Word Forms (pages 78)
1. 1. devastation devastate devastating Using the Dictionary (page 13)
devastatingly a. 2 b. 1 c. 3
2. innovation / innovator innovate
innovative innovatively Note-Taking (page 14)
3. intuition intuit intuitive intuitively 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. c
4. adoption / adoptee adopt
adopted / adoptive X Linking Readings One and Two
2. 1. innovative 2. devastating 3. adopted (page 15)
4. intuition Possible answer:
Steve Jobs always followed his own advice. From his
early days in college, he believed in doing what he
Note-Taking (page 9)
thought was right no matter how strange it seemed.
2. a 3. g 4. c 5. f 6. e 7. b
Even though other people thought Pixar would not
be successful, Jobs believed in its future and was
not afraid to follow his own ideas. He started Apple
READING TWO in his garage and nurtured it into a success, and he
believed he could do it again with Pixar. Even after
Warm-Up (page 10) being voted out of Apple, Jobs stayed hungry in
Possible answers: that he remained ambitious with a burning desire to
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1. CGI allows action movies to save money on succeed despite his previous failure. He may have
stunts and extras because a computer draws in been foolish in the eyes of others for following a
what is needed. The movie can show things that dream, butto himit was an inspiration.
are not real but are still exciting.
2. Some examples are Star Wars, Avatar, and
Inception, but almost any blockbuster movie (and
most others, too) has CGI scenes.

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 108
READING THREE Word Forms (page 28)
1. 1. anxiously
Reading Strategy (page 15) 2. fear, fearful, fearfully
2. smarter 4. pain threshold 3. intensity, intensify, intensely
3. isnt enough 5. bosss role 4. phobic
5. dread, dreadful / dreaded, dreadfully
6. psychology, psychologically
Main Ideas (page 17)
7. severity, severely
1. True
8. depress, depressed
2. False: CEOs and teams of people build great
companies. 2. 2. anxiety 6. psychologically
3. False: You also need to be smart. 3. intensity 7. severe
4. True 4. a phobia 8. dread (noun)
5. True 5. fear (verb) 9. depressed

Close Reading (page 17)

1. b 2. a 3. b READING TWO

Synonyms (page 18) Reading Strategy (page 29)

2. accomplished 6. manifests 1. social phobias
3. retains 7. integrity 2. fear of elevators, airplanes, or high places
4. traits 8. solely 3. agoraphobia
5. cohesive
Main Ideas (page 31)
1. persistent (continuous) / irrational
CHAPTER 2 (pages 2244) 2. (possible answers) arachnophobia,
claustrophobia, acrophobia, agoraphobia,
aerophobia, fear of seeing blood, social phobia,
READING ONE fear of making speeches, fear of eating in public
3. (possible answers) sweating, nausea, other signs
Warm-Up (page 24) of physiological arousal
1. a, b 2. a, b, c 4. culture

Reading Strategy (page 24) Close Reading (pages 3132)

A phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by 1. b 2. a 3. c
extreme irrational fear and heightened physiological
arousal that is out of proportion to the situation. Synonyms (pages 3233)
2. traumatic 6. moderate
Main Ideas (page 26) 3. physiological 7. persistent
1. False: Not everybody has phobias. 4. arousal 8. excessive
2. True 5. symptoms 9. irrational
3. True
4. False: Phobias are very common psychological Word Usage (page 33)
problems. Possible answers:
1. A social phobia is characterized by irrational,
Close Reading (page 26) deep, and continuous fear of performing in social
1. c 2. b 3. a situations.
2. A specific phobia is characterized by severe and
Synonyms (page 27) persistent fears that are unreasonable and brought
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2. f 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. c on by a specific object or situation.

3. Claustrophobia is characterized by an intense
fear of closed spaces.
Collocations (page 27)
4. Zoophobia is characterized by a deep fear of
1. a. Yes b. No 2. a. Yes b. No
certain animals.
3. a. Yes b. Yes
5. Agoraphobia is characterized by an intense fear
of open spaces.
6. Aerophobia is characterized by an irrational fear
of flying.
Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 109
Using the Dictionary (page 33) READING THREE
Possible answers:
1. Definition 1 Reading Strategy (page 36)
2. The three definitions describe problems. All 1. (Heimberg et al., 1990); This refers to an article
disorders refer to a lack of order. written by Heimberg and other authors in 1990.
3. Phobias can affect your health, but they are not 2. (Heimberg & Juster, 1994; Heimberg et al.,
life threatening. 1990); These are two articles, one written by
Heimberg and Juster in 1994, and the other is the
Note-Taking (page 34) same article as number 1.
Possible answers: 3. (Davidson, 1994); This refers to an article written
Definition: A phobia is an anxiety disorder by Davidson in 1994.
characterized by severe and persistent fear that does
not correspond to reality. Main Ideas (page 38)
Difference: A fear is an unpleasant feeling of danger 1. True
in response to a real situation. A phobia causes 2. True
constant worry and dread that interferes with normal 3. False: The most effective therapy is just
life and does not correspond to reality. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Types: social phobias (including speaking in public, 4. False: Most people do not relapse after cognitive-
speaking to strangers, and eating in public), specific behavioral therapy.
phobias (such as fear of airplanes, elevators, and
high places), agoraphobia (fear of open spaces, of Close Reading (pages 39)
leaving the house) 1. b 2. c 3. b
Name: Kate
Greek and Latin Roots (pages 3940)
Phobia: fear of flying (aerophobia)
1. Possible answers:
Characteristics: couldnt get on an airplane; had 1. In vivo psychological exposure is when
traumatic memories therapists give patients real exposure to the
Physical Symptoms: would buy tickets and then fear they have after first using imaginary
cancel; intense anxiety exposure.
2. In vitro fertilization is fertilization through a
Name: Rose
test tube.
Phobia: agoraphobia 3. The cognitive effects of a disease affect a
Characteristics: cant even think about leaving the persons thinking.
house 2. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b
Physical Symptoms: pains in her arms and chest,
hot, sweating, rapid heart beat, legs feel like rubber Synonyms (pages 4041)
2. components 9. severe
Drawing Conclusions (page 35) 3. cognitive 10. persistent
1. Fear 2. Phobia (debatable) 3. Phobia 4. record 11. imagine
5. exposed to 12. characterized by
Linking Readings One and Two 6. physiological 13. traumatic
(page 36) 7. experience 14. excessive
Possible answers: 8. functioning
1. We need a definition to diagnose a disorder.
Everyone has some fears, for example. Fears and
phobias exist along a continuum, but without a
definition, we could not be sure that we were
really diagnosing a disorder correctly.
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2. We need examples to help us evaluate symptoms

and disorders more clearly. We need to go from
theory to practice.
4. Some people may not want to admit their
weaknesses. They may fear ridicule from society
or prejudice against them. Perhaps they distrust
doctors. In the end, however, they may suffer for
a longer time than if they had sought help.

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 110
Note-Taking (page 42) Guessing from Context (pages 5051)
1. Possible answers: 2. h 3. c 4. b 5. e 6. f 7. j
1. EXPLAINThe person is told that fears are 8. a 9. g 10. i
learned and can be unlearned and that some
thoughts can exaggerate feelings of anxiety. Using the Dictionary (page 51)
2. LEARN AND SUBSTITUTEThe person a. critic (2) d. critical (2)
learns new skills and replaces negative b. critical (4) e. critiques (v)
expectations with positive thoughts in a diary. c. critical (1), criticizes
3. EXPOSEThe person imagines situations
that could produce anxiety and then acts on Note-Taking (page 52)
them in real life when he or she is ready. Possible answers:
4. PRACTICEThe person practices these Food Industry: nutritional-industrial complex;
skills as homework. corporations use too much salt, sugar, and fat;
2. a. I, 2 b. T, 1 c. T, 3 d. I, 4 interested in profit over health
Agricultural Policy: government subsidies to corn
Critical Thinking (page 42) and soy encourage obesity epidemic
Possible answers:
1. agoraphobia Pesticides: dont affect all foods the same; buy
2. I know what I want to say. What I say will be as organic apples and strawberries
good as what anyone else says. People will listen Change: farmers markets and increase in interest
to me. / social phobia for organic and local produce shows change
3. Were going to be just fine. Millions of people Social Dimension: eat mindfully in communion
ride in planes all the time. / aerophobia with others
4. I can stand here. I am not going to fall. / fear of
heights
READING TWO
CHAPTER 3 (pages 4566) Reading Strategy (page 53)
soda, French fries, doughnuts, hyper-processed
READING ONE snacks (3)

Main Ideas (page 54)

Warm-Up (page 47)
1. standard American diet / animal products and
1. e 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. b
processed foods / plants
2. focuses on profits rather than health
Reading Strategy (page 47) 3. unhealthy foods / subsidize vegetables; make
1. rules healthy foods more available
2. nutritional-industrial complex
3. agriculture
Close Reading (page 55)
4. pesticides
1. a 2. a 3. c 4. b
5. revolutionize the American diet
6. eating at a table; not to eat alone
Synonyms (page 56)
2. destroy 6. sensitive
Main Ideas (page 49)
3. questionable 7. flow
1. False: The responsibility lies with the food
4. possible 8. refusing
industry.
5. training
2. False: It is important to buy organic apples and
strawberries.
3. False: We eat more when we dont pay attention. Prexes and Antonyms (pages 5657)
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4. True 1. 2. not capable

5. False: Meals cooked at home are healthier. 3. not rational or logical
6. True 4. seriously mentally ill
7. True 5. not moderate, extreme
6. not legal
Close Reading (page 50)
1. a 2. b 3. c

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 111
2. 2. irrelevant / unrelated, off the point Synonyms (pages 6263)
3. independent / not dependent on, self-sufficient 2. h 3. f 4. d 5. b 6. e 7. a 8. g
4. impractical / not practical
5. insignificant / not significant Using the Dictionary (page 63)
6. immortal / not subject to death, eternal 1. human 4. inhuman
7. inconclusive / not conclusive, still leaving 2. humane 5. inhumane
room for doubt 3. human / humane
8. incurable / not curable

Note-Taking (page 57) CHAPTER 4 (pages 6791)

Possible answers:
1. heart disease, cancer, diabetes caused by diet A
2. food industry sells unhealthy food A READING ONE
3. tax unhealthy foods A
4. diminish consumption of unhealthy foods and Reading Strategy (page 69)
drinks A Possible answers:
5. money used to make vegetables cheap A 1. swear to fulfill / covenant
6. time to act 2. respect / scientific gains / share / knowledge
3. apply / all measures [that] are required
Linking Readings One and Two 4. remember that there is art to medicine
(page 58) 5. call in my colleagues / needed
Possible answers: 6. respect the privacy of my patients
1. Michael Pollan 7. act with great care / not play at God
Pollution from pesticides / Buy organic, More 8. my responsibility includes these related problems
farmers markets 9. prevention is preferable to a cure
Overproduction of corn and soy / Stop 10. special obligations to all my fellow human beings
government subsidies 11. preserve the finest traditions of my calling /
Eating on the run / Eat mindfully so you dont experience the joy of healing
overeat or eat the wrong things, and eat with
others so you see food as a shared experience Main Ideas (page 71)
not something to just gobble down 1. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
Mark Bittman
Government subsidizes of unhealthy food / Close Reading (pages 7172)
Tax unhealthy food and use the taxes to make 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b
vegetables and fruits more affordable and
available Synonyms (page 72)
2. violate 7. colleagues
3. infirm 8. recovery
READING THREE 4. outweigh 9. hard-won
5. adequately 10. measures
Reading Strategy (page 59) 6. affect
b
Word Usage (page 73)
Main Ideas (page 61) 1. affected 3. effect 5. affected
1. False: She does not want us to stop. 2. effect 4. effects
2. False: Her inventions do not allow animals to
avoid slaughter. Note-Taking (pages 7374)
3. True 1. Possible answers:
4. True
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Duty of Care: dont over-treat or neglect patients;

5. False: The U.S. does not have laws. remember human warmth and understanding; call
6. False: U.S. laws do not forbid the killing of veal for help from colleagues when you need to; respect
calves. patient privacy; save lives, dont take a life
7. False: . . . they do care about how animals are
treated. Social Context: think of the patients family
and economic situation; work to prevent disease;
remember your obligation to society; preserve the
Close Reading (page 62) dignity of the medical profession
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 112
READING TWO 1967: United Nations begins a global campaign to
eradicate smallpox
Reading Strategy (page 75) 1977: Last natural case of smallpox
10,000 years; 16th century; 18th century; 1721; 1980: The United Nations declares the end of
1797; 1840; 1853; 1967; 1977; 1980 smallpox for all the people in the world
2. 2. e 3. i 4. f 5. a 6. b 7. g 8. d
Main Ideas (page 78) 9. h
1. True
2. True
Critical Thinking (page 82)
3. False: Jenners ideas were not immediately
Possible answer (question 4):
accepted.
Napoleon respected meritnot birthand the kind
4. False: Human beings dont face the danger of
of genius that makes history. He could also save
catching smallpox anymore.
more soldiers for fighting if he did not need to fear
smallpox. Napoleon conquered countries; Jenner
Close Reading (page 78) conquered disease. Conquering smallpox was an
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a immense victory for all humankind, somewhat like
landing on the moon two centuries later but even
Categorizing Words (page 79) more significant to daily life. The victory was so
Possible answers: complete that most people today do not even know
Catching a Disease: acquire, contract, immunity, what smallpox is, as Jefferson predicted.
infect
Causing a Lot of Destruction: decimate, plague, Linking Readings One and Two
ravage, virulent (page 83)
Following Rules and Methods: ban, compulsory, Possible answers:
eradicate, procedure 1. Yes.
Practicing the Medical Profession: livelihood, 2. He found a way to prevent disease. He gave the
principles, be revered vaccine to others without thinking of profits; he
always remembered his obligation to society. He
improved the medical profession with his use of
Collocations (pages 7980) the scientific method and his discovery.
2. eliminate 5. destroy
3. He must have felt the joy of saving all of those
3. eradicate / eliminate 6. eliminate
lives. It is a joy to help other people and know
4. eliminate / destroy 7. destroy
that your work has made a difference.

Synonyms (pages 8081)

2. infected 7. immunity READING THREE
3. virulent 8. acquired
4. contracted 9. principle
Reading Strategy (page 83)
5. procedures 10. compulsory
Possible answers:
6. ravaged 11. eradicated
1. The mothers were dying after giving birth.
2. The First Division had more mothers dying.
Note-Taking (pages 8182)
1. Possible answers:
Main Ideas (page 85)
18th century: Smallpox used as a weapon against 1. True
Native Americans; in London and Berlin, 8098% 2. False: It is an important part.
of children under 5 who contracted the disease die 3. True
1721: Variolation begins; Lady Montague brings 4. False: They had no idea how disease was
the practice back from Turkey transmitted.
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1797: British Medical Association refuses 5. True

to publish Jenners work; others verify his 6. False: Semmelweis died without any recognition.
findings; Jenner is a hero; Jenner spends his life
distributing the vaccine Close Reading (page 86)
1840: Variolation banned in Britain 1. a 2. b 3. a
1853: Universal vaccination becomes the law in
England and Wales

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 113
Synonyms (pages 8687) 4. Clues: She lay on the lower bunk under a quilt.
2. notions 7. radical Guess: the object under which the woman lay in
3. authorities 8. transmitted the bunk bed; a bedcover
4. empirical 9. rigid 5. Clues: Cant you give her something to make
5. statistics 10. ignorance her stop screaming? Guess: a drug that would
6. seek act against the pain
6. Clues: washed his hands very carefully; with a
Word Usage (pages 8788) cake of soap Guess: wash hands to be very clean
1. authorities 3. authorities 7. Clues: very carefully Guess: completely,
2. authority 4. authority efficiently
8. Clues: sew up the incision; stitches
Guess: a cut in the body for an operation
Connotations (pages 8889)
1. 2. negative 6. positive Synonyms (pages 99100)
3. negative 7. neutral 2. rowed 7. anesthetic
4. positive 8. negative 3. beached 8. scrubbed
5. negative 4. lantern 9. thoroughly
2. 2. persistent / stubbornness 5. spread across 5. screamed 10. intern
3. radical 6. ravaged 6. quilt 11. incision
4. extreme 7. rigorous / rigid
Gradations of Intensity (page 100)
1, 3, 4, 2
CHAPTER 5 (pages 92114)
READING TWO
READING ONE
Main Ideas (page 103)
Main Ideas (page 96) Possible answers:
1. Nicks father 1. Nicks father cleans the bite on Georges arm.
Nicks uncle George 2. Nicks father talks proudly about the operation.
A young Indian woman 3. He discovers that the babys father has killed
Her baby himself.
Her husband 4. George disappears somewhere away from the
2. Possible answers: scene.
1. an Indian logging camp on the shore of a lake 5. Nick and his father leave the Indian camp /
2. at night alone / without George.
6. Father and son discuss issues of life and death.
3. Possible answers:
2. A young Indian woman has been unable to
give birth to her baby for two days.
Close Reading (page 104)
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b
3. Nicks father is a doctor. He prepares the
instruments and everything needed to help her.
4. He operates on the woman without an Synonyms (pages 104105)
anesthetic. She bites Uncle George. 1. 2. h 3. e 4. c 5. j 6. a 7. i
5. The baby is finally born. 8. g 9. b 10. d
6. Nicks father uses stitches to close the
2. 1. exhilaration 4. pale
mothers wound.
2. hardly ever 5. talkative
3. exceptional 6. reminiscently
Close Reading (page 97)
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1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b
Phrasal Verbs with stand (pages 105106)
Possible answers:
Guessing from Context (pages 9899) 2. to oppose
Possible answers: 3. to do someone elses job for a short time
2. Clues: the Indian pulled the boat way up on the 4. to be easy to notice
beach Guess: the action to put the boat on land 5. to support
3. Clues: following the young Indian who carried 6. to oppose
a lantern Guess: the object the Indian was 7. to defend
carrying so they could see in the dark; a light
Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 114
Linking Readings One and Two 2. omission, read between the lines, emotions
(page 107) below the surface
Possible answers:
1. The woman bit Uncle George and only him. The
young Indian laughed when this happened and CHAPTER 6 (pages 115138)
smiled reminiscently whenever Uncle George
looked at his arm. The Indian husband killed
himself from humiliation. READING ONE
2. The Indian woman didnt like Uncle George
and bit him. The young Indian didnt like white Main Ideas (page 119)
people or had another reason for being happy that 1. c 2. f 3. b 4. d 5. a
Uncle George was bitten. The Indian husband
couldnt stand his wifes suffering or having Close Reading (page 120)
white people there. 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a

Guessing from Context (pages 120121)

READING THREE 1. 1. failure; d
2. shy, lacking self-confidence; b
Reading Strategy (page 108) 3. bright; a
unlike, rather than, like; Yes 4. didnt get along; c
2. 2. dismissed 5. vibrant
Main Ideas (page 109) 3. rejection 6. commitment
1, 3, 4, 5 4. inspired

Close Reading (page 109) Using the Dictionary (page 122)

1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a b. found (1) c. find (3) d. found (2)

Word Forms (page 110) Connotations (page 122)

1. 1. complication complicate complicated Possible answers:
2. disillusionment disillusion disillusioned 1. self-satisfied has a negative meaning.
3. omission omit omitted 2. Van Gogh was neither self-confident nor
2. 2. omit 5. disillusioned self-satisfied. He was shy, introverted, and
3. below the surface 6. contemporary always looking for a new way of painting to
4. suited to communicate his emotions.

Compare and Contrast Words Note-Taking (page 123)

(pages 110111) Possible answers:
1. 1. c 2. e 3. b 4. d 5. a The Borinage (Belgium)
Job and concerns:
2. 2. but 6. Despite Became a preacher when turned to religion
3. rather than 7. Although Wanted to help others
4. however 8. Even though Was fired after six months but stayed on because
5. Like 9. just as he worried about the lives of the poor miners

Note-Taking (page 112) Antwerp (Belgium)

Possible answers: Art school and inspiration:
1. Hemingways Style: 1886; put in beginners class (despite his
1. dialogue experience with painting)
Was inspired by his discovery of Japanese art
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2. plain grammar; easy words; nouns and verbs

3. action (brought him to use bright, vibrant colors)
4. let the reader discover the truth Color was the way Van Gogh learned to express
his feelings
19th-Century Writers Style:
1. long paragraphs
2. complicated prose; adjectives
3. description
4. tell the reader what the character is thinking

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 115
Paris (France) 5. strange person
Meeting other artists: 6. magical
Visited brother Theo and met Impressionists 7. a place that provides protection
Liked Impressionists use of natural light but was 8. get better
disappointed with their lack of a social conscience 9. dreadful
Van Goghs art was expressionist in nature (what 10. disaster
he felt) rather than impressionist (what he saw);
his art planted the seeds for the 20th-century Synonyms (page 130)
Expressionist movement 2. poverty 7. recover
Arles (South of France) 3. eccentric 8. unbearable
Gauguin: 4. enchanted 9. catastrophe
Accepted his invitation to establish an artists 5. refuge 10. sympathy
colony 6. conception
A quarrel ended their relationship
Health:
Note-Taking (page 131)
Possible answers:
Spent so much of his money on art that he
1. An artists life: Requires a lot of work
neglected his health
and constant observation; Brings joy and
Ended up in a mental institution because of severe
enchantment
depression
2. Social injustice: Sympathy for the miners and
Auvers (near Paris) weavers poor lives; Wanted his art to bring
Death: attention to their difficult lives
Shot himself at age 37 3. Love: His love for Theo (his only friend);
Theo died six months later Made him believe that Theo was in every way a
collaborator in his efforts to produce art
4. Depression: Realized he could not live alone any
READING TWO more; Went to the hospital in Saint-Rmy, where
he eventually killed himself
Warm-Up (page 124)
diaries, pottery, songs, speeches Linking Readings One and Two
(page 132)
Reading Strategy (page 125) Possible answers:
1. His brother (Theo) and another painter (Gauguin) Criticism of Society
2. (My) Dear Theo / Brother; My Dear Gauguin. He Reading One: Paragraphs 2 and 4
was very close to his brother. Gauguin is more a Reading Two: Letters 1, 2, and 4
colleague than a friend.
Painting
3. 18801890
Reading One: Paragraphs 3 and 4
4. The Borinage, The Netherlands, Arles, Auvers
Reading Two: Letters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7

Main Ideas (page 128) Sadness

1. False: He was not too self-absorbed. He cared a Reading One: Paragraph 5
great deal about the poor. Reading Two: Letters 5, 6, and 7
2. True
3. True
4. True READING THREE
5. False: The one thing that kept Van Gogh alive
was his faith in the value of art. Reading Strategy (page 133)
One hundred years: 18901990
Close Reading (page 128)
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1. b 2. a 3. c Main Ideas (page 134)

Possible answers:
Guessing from Context (page 129) 1. 80 years later it was sold for $82 million
Possible answers: 2. he hung it in his home and sold it for his own
2. not being accepted by other people gain
3. understanding 3. its owners had to leave Europe during the war
4. idea 4. never seen again

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 116
Close Reading (page 134) Word Forms (pages 150151)
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 1. 1. compete, competitively
2. equip, equipped
Synonyms (page 135) 3. hypothesize, hypothetical, hypothetically
2. a 3. e 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. h 4. investigation / investigator,
investigate, investigative
Word Root (pages 135136) 5. producer / product, productive, productively
Possible answers: 6. solution
2. emotionally vulnerable 7. sophistication
3. a device that detects physical movement 8. testimony
4. cheapened and minimized 2. 2. solve 6. competitive
3. hypothetical 7. hypothesis
4. equipped 8. Sophisticated
CHAPTER 7 (pages 139160) 5. investigations 9. testify

Idioms (page 151)

READING ONE 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. c

Reading Strategy (page 141) Word Usage (page 151)

2. find 3. past 4. suspicion 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. a

Main Ideas (page 142) Note-Taking (page 152)

1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b
2. 1. c 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. d
Close Reading (page 142)
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b Linking Readings One and Two
(page 153)
Synonyms (page 143) Possible answers:
2. sound 6. reveal Characteristics of a forensic scientist
3. harm 7. follow up Reading One: a suspicious mind; sound reasoning; a
4. eager 8. at our disposal logical mind (one that can reason with the facts)
5. contaminate 9. productive Reading Two: sharp-minded / open-minded;
analytical / ability to test hypotheses; patient; ability
Word Usage (page 144) to multitask
1. adjective College courses needed
2. 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c 6. f Reading One: biology; laboratory science; logic /
physics
Collocations (page 145) Reading Two: communications; math; science
1. 1, 3, 5
2. 1, 3, 5
READING THREE
READING TWO Reading Strategy (page 154)
1. He was pardoned in 2002.
Reading Strategy (page 146) 2. The DNA fingerprint of the crime for which he
1. b was convicted was not his.
2. (possible answer) The TV series is a mixed
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blessing, meaning that it brings both positive Main Ideas (page 155)
and negative effects for real crime scene 1. True
investigators. 2. False: Anderson was accused of a violent crime.
3. False: They werent careful about committing an
Main Ideas (page 149) injustice.
2. f 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. e 4. True
5. False: The Innocence Project won Andersons
Close Reading (page 149) case.
1. a 2. c 3. b
Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 117
Close Reading (page 156)
1. b 2. a 3. a
CHAPTER 8 (pages 161186)
Consider These Facts (page 162)
Denitions (page 156) 1. paleolithic 3. neolithic
2. g 3. f 4. d 5. l 6. b 7. c 8. i 2. neolithic 4. paleolithic
9. e 10. h 11. a 12. k

Note-Taking (page 157) READING ONE

Possible answers:
1. 2. The woman identified Marvin Anderson in a Reading Strategy (page 163)
photo and in a police line-up. Possible answers:
3. Anderson was convicted in 1983 despite a 1. 2. Wolves have standing ears. / Dogs have
trial and police work with many problems. floppy ears.
4. In 1984, Alec Jeffreys, a British geneticist, 3. Wolves have one-color coats (gray or black). /
first put DNA to use in forensic work. Dogs can have color-spotted coats.
5. In 1988, Lincoln confessed to having 4. Wolves have a straight tail (pointing down). /
committed the crime, but the trial judge did Dogs have a curly tail (going up).
nothing because he believed Lincoln was 5. Wolves look fierce. / Dogs look friendly.
lying.
6. Anderson then contacted the Innocence 2. In this reading, we will learn how dogs evolved
Project, a group that used DNA analysis to from wolves.
prove a persons innocence or guilt.
7. In 2001, lawyers for the Innocence Project Main Ideas (page 165)
found that the police technician who had done 1. True
DNA samples at the crime scene in 1982 had 2. False: It is not easy for scientists to distinguish.
not thrown them out. Under a new law, they 3. True
won a court order authorizing that tests be 4. False: The natural evolution doesnt depend on
performed, and the DNA was proved to be scientists.
Lincolns and not Andersons. 5. True
8. Anderson was pardoned by Governor Mark 6. True
Warner of Virginia and released in 2002.
2. 2. The picture of his client was the only one in Close Reading (page 166)
color, and his client was the only one to be in 1. b 2. a 3. c
the police line-up. (paragraph 2)
He did not insist that John Otis Lincoln testify Guessing from Context (pages 166167)
in court. (paragraph 2) 2. f 3. h 4. j 5. i 6. b 7. a 8. e
3. The trial judge refused to take action even 9. k 10. d 11. g
though John Otis Lincoln declared his guilt
five years after the trial. (paragraph 3) Greek and Latin Names and Roots
It was believed that all of the evidence had (pages 168169)
been thrown out after the trial. (paragraph 3) Possible answers:
The Director of the Virginia Department of 1. 1. human being who can work with his or her
Criminal Justice did not want to take action hands, who is handy
because he was afraid of establishing an 2. human being who can walk upright
unwelcome precedent. (paragraph 3) 3. human being who can reason, who is wise
4. Attorneys for the Innocence Project won a
2. 1. being able to do something
court order to have the undiscarded DNA
2. create, produce, give birth to
evidence tested, and it was found to be
3. a machine with two wheels
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Lincolns and not Andersons. (paragraph 4)

4. someone who is walking, who is on foot
5. being well known to you
3. 2. f 3. e 4. i 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. a
9. h

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 118
Note-Taking (page 170)
Possible answers:
2. Peter Savolainen; Genetics; collected DNA
evidence showing first domesticated dogs 16,300
years ago in China
3. Robert Wayne; Biology; found DNA from dogs
overlaps most closely with Middle Eastern
wolves and not Chinese wolves
4. Susan Crockford; Archaeozoology; has decided
that dogs became dogs at different times in
different places, not useful to designate one
specific time for the domestication of dogs
4. Q: Humans kept and mated only the most
cooperative wolves. What happened to these
chosen wolves over thousands of generations?
A: The wolves were transformed by genetic
changes, making them more affectionate and
happy with humans.
5. Q: What wolf characteristics do dogs still have?
A: Dogs show respect, loyalty, and devotion to
the humans they love.
Critical Thinking (pages 178179)
Fact: 2, 5; Opinion: 1, 3, 4, 6

READING TWO READING THREE

Main Ideas (page 173) Warm-Up (page 180)
a. 4 b. 1 c. 3 d. 5 e. 2 Possible answers:
Neolithic: protect people and herds, hunting,
Close Reading (pages 173174) companionship, warmth
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b Today: companionship, guard dogs, hunting, service
dogs, police dogs
Guessing from Context (pages 174175)
Possible answers: Main Ideas (page 182)
2. Clues: cooking meat, threw away, garbage Possible answers:
3. Clues: come near, into 1. he had survived Hurricane Camille and didnt
4. Clues: human camps, caves think Hurricane Katrina would be more
5. Clues: parents, betters dangerous.
6. Clues: submission (respect, loyalty) 2. he put his dog Frisky on an inflatable mattress
7. Clues: respect, loyalty and tried to stay above the water by holding on.
8. Clues: amazement, pleasing emotions 3. wouldnt let him give up and licked his face until
he made an effort to stay alive.
Synonyms (pages 175176) 4. lives in a retirement home with his best friend
2. devotion 5. deference Frisky, the pet who saved his life.
3. a host of 6. thrilled
4. lured 7. trust Close Reading (page 182)
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a
Sufx (page 176)
1. praiseworthy 4. blameworthy Words and Idioms (page 183)
2. newsworthy 5. seaworthy 2. h 3. c 4. j 5. g 6. f 7. a 8. b
3. noteworthy 9. e 10. d

Homonyms (page 177) Phrasal Verbs (page 183)

2. cite 5. sight 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. e 6. d
3. sight 6. sight
4. site 7. cite Compound Words (page 184)
1. a yearlong job
Note-Taking (page 178) 2. a monthlong class
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Possible answers: 3. an hourlong conversation

2. A: The wolves were attracted to cooked meat and 4. a daylong meeting
the possibility of eating what the humans threw
away.
3. Q: When did the process of wolf to dog probably
begin, according to experts?
A: It probably began about 40,000 years ago.

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 119
CHAPTER 9 (pages 187210) 6. Teenage pregnancy, drug use, and family
problems in poor city neighborhoods contribute
to the emergence of dysfunctional families.
READING ONE 7. Government is not responsible for the
inequalities in families but for the inequalities
in public education. It could improve the
Reading Strategy (page 188)
possibilities for children in poor neighborhoods
differences, disparities, inequalities, wealthy
if it made financial equality possible in public
suburbs, poor cities, gulf in funding, unfair,
education.
unbelievable

Main Ideas (page 190) READING TWO

1. False: They care as much about education as the
people in wealthier suburbs.
Reading Strategy (page 195)
2. True
2. get hold of a dictionary
3. False: They are not willing to share.
3. copied
4. True
4. read back
5. True
5. thinking about those words
6. fascinated
Close Reading (page 191) 7. begin to understand
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. b
Main Ideas (page 197)
Prexes of Not-Words or Antonyms 1. decided to improve his reading skills.
(page 192) 2. to get a dictionary and look at all the words.
2. unfairness; condition of being unfair 3. copied everything in the dictionary into his
3. unequal; not equal notebook.
4. inexperience; not having experience 4. go over the words he had learned the day before.
5. inability / disability; lack of ability, a handicap, 5. also information about people, places, and
something that disables historical events.
6. miscommunication; wrong message 6. his life and his way of becoming free.
7. utopia; a place where everything is perfect /
dystopia; a place where conditions are far from
Close Reading (page 197)
perfect
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a

Synonyms (pages 192193) Guessing from Context (page 198)

2. access 7. heightened
2. h 3. a 4. e 5. b 6. g 7. i
3. disparities 8. compelled
8. d 9. c
4. affluent 9. misimpression
5. typically 10. unfair
6. gulf 11. challenge Synonyms (pages 198199)
2. gone through the motions 6. skipping
3. inevitable 7. down to
Note-Taking (page 193) 4. motivation 8. envy
Possible answers:
5. fascinated
2. Because school funding is based on a percentage
of the local property tax, schools in rich suburban
communities receive higher funding than schools Using the Dictionary (page 199)
in poor city neighborhoods. b. 1 c. 3 d. 5 e. 4
3. The cost of running the police and fire
departments in the city is much higher than in the Linking Readings One and Two
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suburbs because many city institutions, such as (page 201)

colleges, hospitals, and art museums, do not pay
taxes.
4. Life is not fair, and it is not the governments job
to make things fair.
5. The state (government) ends up enforcing
inequality in public education.
Possible answers:
2. Jonathan Kozols Answer: Yes, I do. Children
without a good education will not have good
job opportunities. If they also live in poor
neighborhoods, they may end up committing
crimes in order to survive.

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 120
 Malcom Xs Answer: Yes, I do. Look at me.
I did not get a good education and ended up
CHAPTER 10 (pages 211238)
committing crimes and being sent to prison.
3. Jonathan Kozols Answer: No, they shouldnt. Crime Words (pages 212213)
The government should make it its business to 2. h 3. b 4. g 5. c 6. f 7. a
improve the schools. Since it has made public 8. e 9. d
education compulsory, it should be responsible
for ensuring the quality of education for all
children. READING ONE
Malcom Xs Answer: Yes, they should. People
can teach themselves if they are inspired to learn Reading Strategy (page 213)
and have the discipline to do so. Several facts about crime are true all over the world.

Main Ideas (page 215)

READING THREE 1. False: The U.S. has a lower general crime rate.
2. False: The U.S. has a lower violent crime rate.
Warm-Up (page 202) 3. True
1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. c 4. False: Interpol has six global priority areas, not
just one.
Reading Strategy (page 202) 5. True
Possible answer:
My life became worth living when I went to college Close Reading (page 215)
and was shown how to read. 1. b 2. a 3. b

Main Ideas (page 204) Guessing from Context (page 216)

1, 2, 4, 5, 6 1. Definition: There is no country where crime
does not exist. ubiquitous = everywhere
Close Reading (page 204) 2. Example: The examples given tell us that
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b developing countries, such as Namibia and
Swaziland, are not completely industrialized
countries.
Synonyms (page 205)
3. Example: The examples given tell us that
2. unaccountable 7. gravity
developed countries, such as Australia and
3. shiftless 8. seminar
Sweden, are more industrialized countries.
4. egotistical 9. enigmatic
4. Definition: across one or more national borders
5. dejected 10. All things considered
6. stick with it
Using the Dictionary (page 217)
b. verb (2) e. adverb
Word Forms (page 206)
c. verb (1) f. prefix (1)
1. 2. dejection 5. grave
d. noun (2)
3. egotism 6. outrageous
4. enigma
Gradations of Intensity (page 217)
2. 2. grave 4. outrageous 5, 2, 3, 4
3. dejected 5. curriculum

Note-Taking (page 207) READING TWO

Possible answers:
High School: did not do the work assigned to him; Reading Strategy (page 218)
only read what he was interested in reading; watched
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Perspectives: structural-functionalist, conflict,

TV all the time symbolic interactionist
College: read the Great Books in seminar classes Theories: strain, control, conflict, labeling,
in college; reading became an essential part of his differential association
existence
Post-College: has joined a community of readers
(friends) who question what authors mean by what
they write; this has brought meaning to his life

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 121
Main Ideas (page 220)
1. it unites the society against the criminal and it
can lead to social change.
2. there is an absence of norms that can guide
human behavior.
3. people will commit crimes if society blocks them
from certain opportunities (e.g., jobs to earn
money).
4. strong social bonds prevent people from violating
the rules.
5. inevitable when there are signs of too much
inequality in a society.
6. cause that person to believe what he or she is told
about himself or herself (internalize the label)
and continue to live as a criminal.
7. lives in an environment where criminal activities
are ubiquitous.
Close Reading (pages 221222)
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a
Guessing from Context (page 222)
2. Clues: guide peoples behavior, rules
3. Clues: social ties, attachment
4. Clues: described
5. Clues: becomes the major definition of his or her
personality
Synonyms (page 223)
2. likelihood 5. internalized
3. responsive 6. solidarity
4. denied 7. bonds
Sufx (page 224)
1. murdering your brother or sister
2. murdering a whole group of people
3. murdering your mother
4. murdering your father
5. killing yourself
Verbs for Presenting Theories, Giving
Reasons, and Explaining (page 224)
1. a. Merton argued that when the structure of
society doesnt permit people to reach their
goals (such as obtaining enough money to
live on), the strain (or tension) that results
may lead to crime. (paragraph 3)
b. Hirschi (1969) suggests that strong social
bonds prevent people from violating social
norms or rules. (paragraph 4)
c. Edwin Sutherland proposed that through
interaction with others, individuals learn the
values and attitudes associated with crime as
well as the techniques and motivations for
criminal behavior. (paragraph 7)
Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual
2. a. Bell (2009) reports that weaker attachment
to parents is associated with a greater
likelihood of gang membership for both
males and females. (paragraph 4)
b. Ford (2005), using data from the National
Youth Survey, concludes that a strong family
bond lowers the likelihood of substance abuse
(drugs and alcohol) and criminal behavior
among young people. (paragraph 4)
Note-Taking (page 225)
Possible answers:
Strain Theory
Sociologist: Merton
Cause of crime: lack of jobs or money (the strain of
not being able to survive)
Control Theory
Sociologist: Hirschi
Cause of crime: lack of strong social bonds
Conflict Theories
Sociologist: No sociologist mentioned
Cause of crime: social inequality
Labeling Theory
Sociologist: No sociologist mentioned
Cause of crime: being labeled a criminal can lead to
further criminal actions because the label ends up
being internalized
Differential Association Theory
Sociologist: Sutherland
Cause of crime: through interaction with others,
people learn to be law-abiding citizens or criminals
Critical Thinking (page 226)
1. Merton: strain theory / blocked opportunities for
jobs can bring crime
2. Conflict theory
3. Durkheim: crime can lead to social change
4. Labeling
5. Sutherland: association theory
6. Hirschi: control theory
Linking Readings One and Two
(page 227)
Possible answers:
2. We need stricter policing of white collar crimes
and more prosecutions and stricter sentencing.
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Unfortunately, very few people are punished
for financial manipulation in banking and
stock trading. People see that society tolerates
these crimes and criminal activity in general is
encouraged.
Student Book Answer Key 122
3. We must make sure that everyone is treated fairly
under the law. Then people will have confidence
in their countrys justice system, and there will
not be as many fugitives fleeing justice as there
are now.
4. We must create a moral system in the world that
defines strict ethical norms. With the support
of well-designed international treaties, zero
tolerance for people forcing women and children
into prostitution for personal gain will lead to a
decline in this activity.
5. Lets make sure all businesses have an equal
chance to succeed so they wont need bribes.
Once we have better laws regulating business,
corruption will hopefully disappear.
READING THREE
Reading Strategy (page 228)
2. Prisoners train puppies to become service dogs.
3. Prisoners study to get a college degree.
4. Prisoners help build homes for low-income
families.
5. Women prisoners who have a baby or are
expecting a baby learn how to take care of it.
6. Prisoners take business classes to prepare them to
start their own business.
Main Ideas (page 230)
1, 2, 4
Note-Taking (page 234)
1. Possible answers:
Prison University: It appeals to the intellect.
It offers 12 courses per semester and prepares
inmates for an associate of arts degree. It
generates the hope that they will lead thoughtful
and productive lives inside and outside of prison.
Habitat Partnership: It appeals to the emotions
and the intellect. Inmates help build homes for
people in need of housing. They build their
own lives as well by developing marketable
construction skills and confidence in themselves.
Prison Nursery: It appeals to the emotions.
Inmates are allowed to keep their babies in
prison with them. They learn how to be better
mothers. For those participating in the program,
lower recidivism and misconduct rates have been
reported.
Prison Entrepreneurship: It appeals to the
intellect. Inmates are taught business skills and
are given the tools for success. The majority
find jobs within a month of being released from
prison. For those participating in the program, the
recidivism rates are low.
Bringing It All Together (page 235)
1. 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b
2. 2. a, c 3. a, b, c, d 4. c, d 5. a, c

Close Reading (page 231)

1. a 2. c 3. c

Word Forms (pages 231232)

1. 1. assessed
2. enhancement, enhanced
3. evaluation, evaluated
4. neediness, need
5. renewal, renew
6. skyrocketing
7. stabilize, stable
8. volunteer, voluntary
2. 2. stable 6. voluntarily
3. skyrocket 7. assessment
4. renewal 8. evaluate
5. enhanced
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Synonyms (page 233)

1. skyrocketed 4. enhance
2. stability 5. renew
3. assess

Longman Academic Reading Series 3, Teachers Manual Student Book Answer Key 123