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Emerging Trends in Sustainable Habitat

And Integrated Cities


15th November 2014

Laurie Baker
Design:
Insights and Influences

P B Sajan
Architect And Jt Director
1
COSTFORD
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Design Process
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri

DiscussionwithDistrictCollectorandHarbour
EngineeringDepartmentofficials
Sitevisit
Interactionwithlocalpeople,particularlyelderly
memberstounderstandissues
Understandingofexistingsettlementpatternand
accesstothebeach
Beneficiaryinteraction:heldatnearestschool
Landsurvey
Conceptualdesign
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
15 different designs
Scaled Model
Conceptpresentationbeforebeneficiariesusing
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri

scaledmodel(Electedrepresentativeswerepresent)
Feedback
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri

Incorporatedinitialfeedbackfrombeneficiaries

15pilothousesbuilt

Furtherinteractionwithbeneficiaries

Afewchangessuggested

Suggestionsincorporated

Implementationof158houses
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Fishermen Colony, Thangasseri
Mamana Ooru,Attapadi (2002)
Earlier interventions
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

In the 70s, 40 houses were constructed by the


Government of Kerala
Survey conducted in 2002 by COSTFORD
Only 8 houses were found to be habitable, with necessary
maintenance
Per capita approach

ConceptadvocatedbyLaurieBaker
Nottypedesigns
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

Differentfamilieshavedifferentneeds areaofthe
housedictatedbythenumberofoccupants Per
Capita
Designforeachfamilyonthebasisoftheneedsofthe
membersofthehouse
AHADS(AttapadiHillAreaDevelopmentSociety)
decidedtoimplementitwithpeoplesconsentin
Mamana
DesignProcess
Socioeconomicsurveywasfirstconductedin
2002alongwithOVSmembers
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

Contoursurveyingwasalsodone
Severaldiscussionswereconductedwiththe
beneficiariesandtheirneedsandproblemswere
ascertained
Layoutandindividualhousesdesigned
Discussionwithbeneficiaries
Redesignbasedonfeedback
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
DesignProcess
Changed preferences
ChangedPreferences

Refused initially suggested mud and bamboo


construction
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

Unplastered brick walls and filler concrete roofs


accepted

Influenced by AHADS
Headquarters campus
built with same
techniques
Otherissues

Shortageofdrinkingwater

Environmentaldegradation
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

Preferenceforlevelgroundadjacenttotheir
houses,forgrowingherbsandvegetables

Ancillarybuildingprovisionsrequired
AdditionalFactors

39housesdesigned,inadditiontothe8houses
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

retained
Measuresincorporatedalongwiththehousing
construction
Waterharvesting
Soilconservationandslopestabilizingmeasures
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
PresentLayout

Seriesofclustersofvaryingsizes,tosuittheterrainandfor
closeinteractionbetweenthepeople
Anopenairstageandauditoriumwereincorporated
towardsthemiddleofthelayouttoenhancecommunity
interaction
Otherstructures anganvadi,religiousbuildingand
commoncattleshedsconstructed,
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
LayoutLevelWaterHarvesting

Seriesofopentanksandundergroundtanks,with
acapacityofover7lakhlitreswerebuilttocatch
andstorerainwaterandwatercouldoverflow
fromtheuppertankstothelowertanks
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
WaterharvestingTank
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
WaterHarvestingHouseholdlevel
Integratedplanning

Rainwaterconservation
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi

Roadsandpathwaysinsidethehamlet

Nutritiongardens

Plantingoffruittrees

Commoncattleshed

Smokelesschulha
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Mamana Ooru, Attappadi
Slumdevelopment
BLOCK DESIGN GF Plan
CHENKALCHOOLA
BLOCK DESIGN GF Plan
CHENKALCHOOLA
Block Design FF Plan
CHENKALCHOOLA
Block Design SF Plan
CHENKALCHOOLA
CHENKALCHOOLA
RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS

Each block is designed for


accommodation 10 families
Ground floor 5 families
First floor 3 families
Second floor 2 families
CHENKALCHOOLA

35 m2
2 bedrooms, multipurpose
room, kitchen, toilet
Open areas
GF designated ground spaces
FLAT

FF & SF open terrace


Water tap, sink, work
slab, chimney in kitchens
Water tap, closet in toilets
One light point in all rooms 6 nos
Fan points 2 nos
CHENKALCHOOLA
RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS
CHENKALCHOOLA
SustainableHabitatDevelopment

The ultimateobjective
ImprovingtheQualityofLife

Communitybased
&
IntegratedApproach
SustainableHabitatDevelopment

Participatoryplanning
Localconditionsandpreferences
Targetwomenandchildren
Servicedeliveryonindividual
householdbasis
Involvementinallstagesof
servicedelivery
Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Existingcondition

Population:2341nos.(632families)
Extent:9.73acres
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Existingcondition

HousingandSettlementpattern
500+familiesliveincloselypacked,dilapidatedshacksina
highlydegradedenvironment
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Existingcondition

72familieshadbeenprovidedwith
habitablehouses20yearsago
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Existingcondition

Topography
Sitelies60cmbelowtheexistingroads
Slightslopetowardthesewagecollectionpond
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Existingcondition
Majorissue
During monsoons, storm
water enters the city
sewage system and
reaches the sewage
collection pond
Any overflow floods the
colony
Leads to further decay
and disease
LaurieBakersconceptualdesign,
Areslumsinevitable?,1996

20dwellingunitsin4storiedblock:Karimadom
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
ResidentialBlock FloorPlans

Ground floor plan

first floor plan


ResidentialBlock FloorPlans
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram

third floor plan

fourth floor plan


Outcomeofdetailedsurvey
PhasesinConstruction
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
ONGOING UPGRADATION
KARIMADOM COLONY
Final design of initial stage
ONGOING UPGRADATION
KARIMADOM COLONY
Stages in design of main layout

Option 1
Stages in design of main layout

Option 2
Selected final main layout

Option 3
EndeavorsinInclusion
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram

Preliminarysurvey
Datacollectedbywomenfromwithincolonyitself
havingminimum+2education
Preparationofpreliminarydesign
Presentationbeforebeneficiaries
Over3days
Allfamiliesallotteddates
Timeofpresentation56pm
Purposeofpresentation
Collectionoffeedback
Clearingofdoubtsregardingdesignandphasing
Ensuringinvolvementofbeneficiaries
Proposedfacilities
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram

CommunityFacilities Services
PlayAreas WaterSupply
StudyCenterCumLibrary RejuvenationofPond
Anganwadi BiogasPlant
MultipurposeOpen Sanitation
Spaces Electricity
Others Drainage
Biofencing Rainwaterharvesting
SmokelessChula SocialAmenities
EarthFilling Market
RetainingWall Kiosks
TreeplantingandLandscaping CommunityClustercenter
inMultipurposeOpenSpaces
Housing 28blocks,560DU
Beyondthebuiltenvironment
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram

DetailedSurvey
Socialdevelopmentwork health,
livelihood,educationneeds
Strengtheningexistingneighbourhood
groups
Formationofboysandgirlsclubs
Studygroups
Outcomeofdetailedsurvey
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram

Collaborativeintervention
COSTFORDandKudumbasree
Health Palliativecare
Livelihood Productioncentresforbakery
items,tailoringunitwithmarketing
Education Meetingwithteachers,provisionof
studycentres
Wastemanagementunits
Karimadom, Thiruvananthapuram
Trends in slum development

The future

Even further
Planning an EWS colony layout

Kalladimugham
DesignModifications
Type1 3DU/floor

Type2 3DU/floor

Type3 4DU/floor
Type 1 3 DU/floor

Type 2 3 DU/floor

Kalladimugham
Type 3 3 DU/floor 3 type designs
ProposedLayout Kalladimugham
Including other aspects.
Conclusion
Karimadom
Chenkalchoola

Intervention confined to construction only.


Involvement in construction and interaction resulted in
valuable feedback from beneficiaries

Karimadom
Design and layout modified in initial design stage to cater
to previous feedback regarding beneficiary aspirations
Further modifications done based on further discussions
with beneficiaries and other stakeholders
A comprehensive, community based design evolved
Conclusion
Karimadom

Evident progressive changes in


design and levels of intervention
based on cumulative learning
through inclusive planning
Providing flexibility in the built
environment for further social and
economical inputs
Chenkalchoola,2006
Chenkalchoola,2010
The future.
SLUMS
are a SHAME
and a DISGRACE
NOT to those who have

to live in one

But to US
Planners, Architects, Builders &
Contractors, our Government
departments, others in authority,
AND
All of us who pass by on the
other side of the road and
pretend that a slum is none of our
business.
Laurie Baker
Thank you.

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