CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Department of Management Studies)

MBA –INTERNSHIPAND PROJECT DETAILED

GUIDELINES

HAND-BOOK
Compiled by
Dr Colonel(Retd) V Mukesh Kumar M.B.A.,M.C.A.,Ph.D.,
Director PG studies

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

#132, AECS Layout, IT Park Road,

BANGALORE - 560 037

2008-10
 PART-I-INTERNSHIP
AIM: To study Organizational activities in all functional area and relate this to
theoretical knowledge acquired.

1. INDUSTRY PROFILE
Details about the industry like profitability, growth, future scope, challenges, contribution to our
GDP, role in the economic development of the nation, competitive position with respect to other
industry. If you do a project in an IT company then you need to do a detailed study on IT Industry as
a whole.
2. COMPANY PROFILE
a. Background and inception of the company: How and when the business started and who are
the people behind it.
b. Nature of the business carried: Whether product or service company. What the company
does (Manufacturing/Selling/Logistic/Aviation/Hospital/Service etc)
c. Vision, Mission Objectives and Quality Policy: These are the well-defined documents kept
in the company or available in their website/secondary sources.
d. Products/service profile: The detailed about the products and services company deal with.
e. Area of operation – Global / National / Regional: The geographical coverage of the
company.
f. Ownership pattern: Sole trader/ Partnership/Joint Stock/Co-operatives/Family Business
g. Competitor’s information: Who are the other players operating in the same domain?
h. Infrastructural facilities: Physical infrastructure (manufacturing/production facilities, area
coverage, canteen, health centre, Children Park, parking, sports facilities etc.)
i. Achievement / Award if any: ISO 9000-2001 Certification or any other types of award.
j. Work flow model (End to End): This is the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT Model. How the
business is carried out in the company. Diagram/pictorial presentation is advisable.
k. Future growth and prospects: The Company’s growth plan and the coming years.
3. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS For making functional analysis, the students are required to work
in each of the functional departments like production, marketing, human sources, finance etc.
The functional analysis should include People, Policies, Systems and Procedures, and Problems
if any. The analysis comprises two parts. The first part is common for all departments and the
second part applies for each of the department specifically.

a. The students should know specifically function/activities performed by the each of the
department. The functions could be listed. For example marketing department may be
involved in Packaging, Advertisement, Transportation, and Sales Promotion but not
involved in pricing.
b. The Students are required to study organization structure of the each of the department
which should include role of each level of employees in the hierarchy.
 c. Number of employees working in the department in different categories.
d. The Category-wise general and technical qualification required.
e. The classification of employees according to their age, qualification and experience.
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

The students are required to study plant facilities, type of manufacturing system, age and
type of equipments degree and role of automation, plant capacities and utilizations, Productivity
rating availability and type of transportation.

Try to record:

a. Product/Products produced
b. Raw material used & product mix
c. Cost per unit of labour, material and overheads
d. Inventory management system
e. Quality control ( TQM tools implemented)
f. Safely Program
g. Process involved in manufacturing of product
h. Types of logistics used
i. Vendor management
j. Challenges faced by production managers due to recession in the economy
The Student should give Photographs/drawing / sketch/flow chart of the product/process layout.

Make a SWOT analysis of Production department in terms raw material, machineries, men and
technology & process involve, input – output ratio etc.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

The students are required to make an in-depth study of the marketing department
covering the following areas-

1. Objectives of the Department.

2. The sub division of the department-

a. Sales Department: Should study about the no. of personnel, territory covered, sales
target, and collection of payment.
b. Marketing Research Department: Make a study regarding the customer database, how
it is collected, which territory generally chosen for marketing research.
c. Promotion Department: Namely T.V., Radio, Magazines, Newspaper, Hoardings etc,
media used for promotion. The media vehicle, media frequency and reach. Also the
sales promotion like discounts, price-offs, melas, sweep stakes carried by the
organization.
d. Distribution: Should study how the end products are distributed to the customers
across the country. Should specify the mod of transportation, the no. of intermediaries
used to distribute, the commission given to intermediaries, the inventory level
maintained by the intermediaries.
e. Product Design Department: The Students should study about the personnel involved,
the frequency of coming out with innovative product.
f. Marketing Strategies: Should study what strategies ( low cost focus, differentiation
etc.,)the organizations is adopting to increase its customer base end market share.
Base on the above students should make a SWOT analysis of the marketing department.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

The students are required to collect following information for HR department.

a.HR Strategy of the company]

b.Recruitment & selection process adopted
c.Training & Development program
d.Promotion Policies
e.Transfer Policies
f.Compensation Policies
g.Empowerment
h.Reward – Punishment System
i.Performance Appraisal System
j.Retrenchment
k.No.of employees working at present in the organization
l.Classification of employees based on
• Age
• Sex
• Experience
• Qualification
Ascertain from HR manager whether his department provides the company with a
competitive advantage. Check-up whether the company’s skill, experience, education and
knowledge provide the company with competitive advantage.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

The Students are required to study the functioning of the finance department under
following heads.

Financing Resources of the organization

a. Equity contribution
b. Total borrowing
c. Net fixes assets
d. Current assets
e. Current assets
f. Current liabilities
g. Information regarding imports & exports
h. Net Sales
i. Profit before tax
j. Profit after tad
k. Net cash flows
4. Mckensy’s 7S frame work with special reference to organization under study
Structure:

a. Overall organizational structural details – Board of Directors / Functional heads etc.

b. Sub structure detailing with each functional discipline. Detailed study of various departments
and their functions.
Skill:

a. Classification of skill / or study of skill matrix. Detail the steps taken to impart necessary skills –
on the job / off the job training.
Style:

a. Top down / Bottom up.

b. Authoritarian / Participative.
c. Any one decision making parameter should be studied pertaining to day-to-day operation, to
conclude the style of functioning.

Strategy:

Any one strategy adopted by the company should be considered to explain, “How it is
implemented” e.g. – pricing / waste elimination etc.

System:

System followed in any one department in the organization should be detailed. E.g – Inventory
control system / order execution system / Merit rating system etc.

Staff:

Classification / Duties and responsibility of various groups of staff. E.g – Technical /

Supervisory / Clerical.

Shared value:

Study of implementing shared value in the company by an illustration, where the company has
implemented its stated objective.

5. SWOT analysis A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part
of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually
can be classified as Strengths (S) or Weaknesses (W), and that external to the firm
can be classified as Opportunities (O) or Threats (T). Such an analysis of the
strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis.

The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm's resources and
capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operate. As such, it is instrumental in
strategy formulation and selection. The following diagram shows how a SWOT analysis fits into
an environmental scan:
SWOT Analysis Framework

6. Analysis of financial statement

The recent P and L a/c, Fund flow statement, Balance Sheets of the company and analysis of each
statement
7. Learning experience
The kind of experienced one gained during studying about the industry and company in detail and
interacting with the executives in the company needs to be mentioned.

Students are expected to indicate their learning experience under the following heads:

a. Regarding getting permission from the companies

b. about working in the organization
c. about co-operation extended by management and employees
d. about what they learnt in their internship training
e. about their plan for future

PART – B
Aim – Student to learn independently and to identify, define and analyse problems and issues
related to management and integrate knowledge in a business context.

General introduction
1. Need for study/Significance of the project
2. Statement of the problem: The problem area needs to be identified on which you want to conduct
your study. (Reasons why you have chosen this business problem)
3. Objectives of the study: Once the problem area is finalized then objectives to be derived from
that. Generally 4-6 objectives based on the problem area are good enough.
ObjectiveNo1 To study the Industry/Field/Area/sector-Banking/Four Wheeler
Industry/Coy/Business problem background
ObjectiveNo2 Product/Procedure followed in that organization-Grievance
redressal/performance appraisal/Motivation/area/field related to the business problem
ObjectiveNo3 Compare/ analyse the business problem in detail-Employees/ Customers
knowledge/opinion/perception/satisfaction towards the business
ObjectiveNo4 Additional points/study related to the business problem
ObjectiveNo5 (Mandatory) To suggest/recommend measures to improve- towards the business
probem
4. Review of previous studies/hypothesis/operational definition of concepts.
5. Scope of the study: It encompasses the area where you are conducting your study and the
parameters and factors (Variables) you are considering for the same.
6. Methodology: A research design is the specification of methods and procedures
for acquiring the information needs to structure or to solve the problems, the
type of research used are given as under:-

a. Types of Research (Methodology- Exploratory (Finance)/Descriptive(HR and

Marketing)/Causal)
b. Description of population
c. Sampling method ( Universe, sample frame, sampling technique)
d. Sample size (HR and Marketing – min 100, Finance- Min 50.)
e. Sources of data collection (Primary data collection- through questionnaire,
interview, observation, email etc. Secondary data collection – Magazine, journal,
syndicate services, other published work etc.)
7 For Survey/Descriptive research- hypothesis testing is not required.
8 Limitations of the study: Period of study/time restriction/ place/bias/ non response/
assumed to be correct
9 Analysis / Design, Interpretation of results, findings, observations and suggestions
which may be divided into chapters
 - Analysis type ( simple average/weighted average/statistical method)
- Analysis technique used to be explained and how it is used.
- Data collected to be analyzed, tabulated, and interpreted. Based on the interpretation
you are required go put forward the findings and suggestion. Analysis, findings,
observation and suggestion make different chapters.

10 Chapter Scheme How /what each chapter laid out/contents

11 Suggestion, Recommendations and Conclusion: You need to conclude and give your
recommendation based on the findings to the company. From interferences the findings are made.
From findings suitable suggestions and recommendations are made for each objective. In conclusion
mention whether the business problem is solved/achieved.
12 Appendix: Relevant to the project, such as balance sheets, chairman statement, audit report, ,
gazette notification etc.
13 Annexure: Documents referred in appendix/part of appendix e.g. allotment of shares/dividend
declared etc.

14 Bibliography: List of books/ magazines/journals/news paper/ websites referred.

Author/Title/Publishing company/year of publication/edition.

PART- III: GENERAL GUIDELINESS

1. The project work shall be for a period of 10 weeks immediately after III SEM Examinations.

2. The subject code of the project work report shall be 08MBA48 and shall be compulsory for all
students opting for all specialization.

3. The university shall receive 3 copies of project reports two months before the commencement of
the fourth semester examination.

Copies will be sent to the regional office with intimation to the Registrar (Eval.) No two students
of an institute shall work on the same problem in the same organization.

4. The student shall seek the guidance of the internal guide on a continuous basis, and the guide
shall give a certificate to the effect that the candidate has worked satisfactorily under his/her
guidance. Certificate to the effect will be attached at the end of the project.

5. On completion of the project work, student shall prepare a report with the following format.

a) The project report shall be prepared using word processor Viz, MS Word.

b) All the reports shall be printed in the A4 size 1” margin on all sides.

c) The report shall be hard bound facing sheet (only white colour) indicating the title of the
college and month and year of admission (spiral binding not permitted)

d) A certificate by the guide, HOD and head of the institution indicating the bonafide
performance of project by the student to be enclosed.

e) An undertaking by the student to the effect that the work is independently carried out by
 him.

f) The certificate from the organization.

g) Acknowledgement.

h) Executive Summary.

6. Page number at bottom centre.

7. No border, header and footer.

8. No symbol like *, &, % 31st to be used throughout the text/project.

9. Foot notes/reference to text at end of every chapter.

10. Page number for prelim pages: italics ( …i…) at bottom centre. Chapter- I onwards: Arabic
(1,2,3….). Chapter heading in roman (I – VIII).

11. Spacing 1.5

12. Font size 12.

13. Style: Times New Roman.

14. Color of binding: (will be intimated later).

15. Different bullet marks can be used instead of Sub Para and Sub Sub Para.

16. Para, Sub para, Headings to be in running letter with each word in capital letter ( except the, to ,
and)

PART- IV
 1. Title Page
2. College Certificate
3. Student Declaration
4. Guide Declaration
5. Acknowledgement
6. Company/Organisation Certificate
7. Contents
8. List of Tables
9. List of chart
10. List of abbreviations used
11. Executive summary
12. Chapter I-VIII
13. Questionnaire
14. Appendix
15. Annexure
16. Bibliography

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“A STUDY ON XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX IN COMPANY NAME
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXX AT (PLACE) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX”

A project report submitted to the Visvesvaraya technological university in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by

Student Name (Font: Capital)

REG. NO.: XXXXXXX ( Font: Capital)
Under the guidance of
EXTERNAL GUIDE INTERNAL GUIDE

Name: XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Designation: XXXX Professor/Asst Prof/Lecturer
Company: XXXX CMR Institute of Technology
Bangalore Bangalore

SUBMITTED TO
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

#132, AECS Layout, IT Park Road,
BANGALORE - 560 037
Mar 2010/2008-10

C.M.R. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

132, AECS Layout, IT Park Road

 Bangalore – 560037

Department of Management Studies

Certificate

Certified that the project work entitled “……………………………………………..” is a bonafide work

carried out by …………………..in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Master of Business
Administration of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum in the year 2010. It is certified
that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the department library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the award of Master of Business Administration
Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Director

Name of Student :xxxxxxxxxxx

University Seat Number: : xxxxxxxxxxx

External Viva

Name of Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.

(i)

DECLARATION
I, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, third semester, student of the MBA Dept. in C.M.R. Institute Of Technology, do

hereby declare that this project report entitled “ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx”, at xxxxxxxxxxxxxx , has

been submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement, for the award of the degree of MASTER

OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION by the Visvesvaraya Technology University, Belgum, Karnataka.

The project is an independent work and has not been submitted to any other university for the

award of any degree or diploma.

Date: Signature:

Place: Bangalore. Name: xxxxxxxx

Date: xxxxxxx Reg.No: xxxxx

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to pledge and reward my deep sense of gratitude for all those who have made this project come

alive.

I am gratefully indebted to my internal faculty guide xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx at CMR Institute of

Technology, for encouraging me and for her constant support throughout the course of the project and

helping me complete it successfully.

A special note of gratitude goes to my external guide Mr/Ms………………… for providing me an

opportunity to work in this corporate exposure and for his support and guidance in this endeavor.

I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to thank xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxDirector at CMRIT for his

valuable suggestions and moral support throughout the course of my project.

I wish to thank xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx all that he has done, to help me work on my project. I finally thank

my family and friends for their constant support and guidance.

Date Student’s Name

Place
 Company Certificate: (on company letter head)

Date:…………………

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that (Name of the students)……………….. USN No ……………….. a final

year MBA student of CMR Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
Univeristy, Belgaum) has undergone a project titled “………………………………” from (date)
………… to (date)……………. in our organisation.

During his/her project work, we found him sincere, very attentive towards assignment. We wish
him/her a bright and successful career in all his/her future endeavour)

Date Name

Place Designation

Table of Index

Serial No. Contents Page

No.
1 PART-A

Chapter I
 Introduction
1.1 .Industry Profile
1.2. Company Profile
1.2.1. Background and inception of the company
1.2.2. Nature of the business carried.
1.2.3. Vision, Mission Objectives and Quality Policy.
1.2.4 Products/service profile
1.2.5. Area of operation – Global / National / Regional.
Advantage to locationNear to Road/Rail/Air Port
1.2.6. Ownership pattern – sole trader/joint
stock/cooperative/family venture.
1.2.7. Competitors Information
1.2.8. Infrastructural Facilities
1.2.9. Achievement / Award if any
1.2.10. Work flow model (End to End)
1.2.11. Future growth and prospects
2 Chapter II
Mckensy’s 7S frame work with special reference to organization
under study.
3 Chapter III
SWOT analysis

4 Chapter IV

Analysis of Financial Statement

5 Chapter V

Learning Experience

PART-B
7 Chapter VI

Introduction 40
6.1. Statement of the problem
6.2. Objectives
6.3.Scope
6.4. Methodology
 6.4.1. Research Method
6.4.2. Sample size
6.4.3. Sampling technique
6.4.4. Data collection Technique (Primary and Secondary)
6.4.5. Data Analysis Technique
6.4.6. Arrangement of chapters/Chapter scheme/Layout.
7. Limitations of the study (Period of study, Time, area,
respondent’s biasness, organization/industry related)

8 Chapter VII
Analysis, Observations and Inferences 64
9 Chapter –VIII
Findings, Suggestion, Recommendations and Conclusion 66
11. Appendices
12 Annexures
13. Bibliography
 LIST OF TABLES

SL No/Table
No CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. 2.1 Source 1-Body Fabric 41

2. 2.2 Source 2-interlining Fabric 43

3. 2.3 Source 3-Accessories 45

4. 4.1 Source 4-Lables 47

5. 4.2 Dimensional Stability 51

6. 4.3 Colour Fastness to washing 54

7. 4.4 Flammability-Length wise 56

8. 7.1. Flammability-Width wise 57

9. 7.2 Pilling 59

10. 7.3 On-Line Inspection 62

 LIST OF GRAPHS

SL No/Graph
No CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. 2.1 Source 1-Body Fabric 42

2. 2.2 Source 2-interlining Fabric 44

3. 2.3 Source 3-Accessories 46

4. 2.4 Source 4-Lables 48

5. 4.1 Dimensional Stability 52

6. 4.2 Colour Fastness to washing 55

7. 4.3 Flammability-Length wise 57

8. 7.1 Flammability-Width wise 58

9. 7.2 Pilling 59

10. 7.3 On-Line Inspection 62

 List of Abbreviations

Sl No Abbreviation Description/Expansion
1. ISO International Standard Organisation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

After the industrial revolution, as the size of the business enterprise grew, it was no longer
possible for proprietor or even partnerships to raise large amounts of money required for
undertaking large entrepreneurial ventures. Such huge requirement of capital could only be met
by the mechanism of issue of shares. The breaking up of the total ownership of a business into
small units, each unit represented by share certificate, enables them to be easily bought and sold.
The institution where this buying and selling of shares takes place is called the Stock Exchange.

The first “online share broking firm” in India - Geojit Financial Services Limited was established
in 1987, which is now growing as a financial super market, and it provides all modern financial
capital market services under one roof.

The project title is “A study of the settlement process and its impact on the business volume (a
case study of Geojit)”.

The objective is to study the changes in the business volume due to the change in the settlement
process from T+5 to T+2 and also to find the shortcoming if any in the system and to provide
suggestions to improve the same.

Research method used is descriptive and sample size is 100. The sources of data collected are
from two sources – primary data was collected through observation, discussion with the
executive and unstructured interviews. The secondary data was collected through the internet,
materials provided by the company, annual reports and brochures of the company.

From the analysis it can be observed that due to the decrease in the settlement process time from
T+5 to T+2 days, there is an increase in the average number of clients trading daily, increase in
the average daily trading of the company, increase in the number of branches opened by Geojit
thereby a decrease the number of clients handled per branch.

Hence it can be concluded that the organization should maintain T+2 days settlement process
time as it is advantageous to the company.

Bibliography

The books, journals, reports and other sources of secondary data according to alphabetical order of
last name (surname) of the author are listed in the format given below:

Books

James A T Stoner et.al. Management, (6th ed; New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 1997) Ch.II,
p.584.

Kothari C R, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, ( 2nd ed; New Delhi:Viswa Prakasham,
1996) Ch.I, pp.30-38.

Articles

Nirmala Banerjee, Trends in Women’s Employment, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 4(2):1989, pp.
1022.

Ramu S Deora, Child Labour in India, The Hindu, June 14, 1998, p.6.

Magazine/Journal

1) Aidis, R., and M. van Praag (2004). ‘Illegal Entrepreneurship Experience’. Journal of
Business Venturing, 22 (2): 283-310.
2) Beiley, John E.. "Learning Styles of Successful Entrepreneurs" Frontiers of
Entrepreneurship Research, 1986, pp. 199.
3) Drucker.P. “Entrepreneurship in Business Enterprise”, Journal of Business Policy, Vol 1,
1970.
Website

1) http://exim.indiamart.com/sisi-network/sisi-hubli.html
2) http://www.awake-india.org/Aboutus.htm
3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training
4) http://www.be.wvu.edu/ec/quotes.htm
5) http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans

Note:
For Guidelines on preparing questionnaires, selection of sampling methods and other details are advised
to carry their class notes and text book of marketing research courses for ready references. Pretest
the questionnaires before use.
 IMPORTANT ASPECTS IN RESEARCH METHODS

1 . Steps Involved in Hypothesis Testing

Formulate H 0 and H1

Select Appropriate Test

Choose Level of Significance

Collect Data and Calculate Test Statistic

Determine Probability Determine Critical Value

Associated with Test of Test Statistic TSCR
Statistic

Determine if TSCR falls

Compare with Level of into (Non) Rejection
Significance,  Region

Reject or Do not Reject H0

Draw Marketing Research Conclusion

 2. A Classification of Univariate Techniques

3.

Univariate Techniques

Metric Data Non-numeric Data

One Sample Two or More One Sample Two or More

Samples Samples
* t test • Frequency
• Chi-Square
* Z test K-S
•
• Runs
• Binomial

Independent Related

* Two- Group test * Paired Independent Related

* Z test t test
* One-Way * Chi-Square * Sign
ANOVA * Mann-Whitney
* Wilcoxon
* Median
* McNemar
* K-S * Chi-Square
* K-W ANOVA

3. A Classification of Multivariate Techniques

Multivariate Techniques

Dependence Interdependence
Technique Technique

One Dependent More Than One Variable Inter object

Variable Dependent Interdependence Similarity
Variable

* Cross- Tabulation * Multivariate * Factor Analysis * Cluster Analysis

* Analysis of Analysis of * Multidimensional Scaling
Variance and Variance and
Covariance Covariance
* Multiple Regression * Canonical Correlation
* Multiple Discriminant
* Conjoint Analysis
Analysis
 STATISTICAL TESTS

SUBGROUPS OR LEVEL TEST SPECIAL EXAMPLE

SAMPLES SCALING REQUIREMENT
2
One Nominal Random sample Are observed differences
•
in the numbers
responding to three
different promotions
likely/not likely due
tochance?
2
Two or more Nominal Random sample, Are differences in the
•
Independent number of men and
sample women responding to a
promotion likely/not likely
due to chance
One Ordinal K-S Random sample Is the observed
in natural order in distribution of women
data preferring an ordered set
of make-up colors(light
to dark) likely/not likely
due to chance?
One( Large Sample) Metric Z- Test Random sample Is the observed
(Interval or for one n 30 difference between a
Ratio) mean sample estimate of the
mean and some set
standard or expected
value of the mean likely/
not likely due to chance?
One (small sample) Metric t-test Random sample Small sample
(Interval or for one n<30
Ratio) mean
Two ( large sample) Metric Z-test Random sample Is the observed
(Interval or for one n30 differences between the
Ratio) mean means for two subgroup
(mean income for men
and women) likely/not
likely due to chance?
Two ( small sample) Metric One Random sample Is the observed variation
(Interval or way between the means for
Ratio) ANOVA three or more subgroup
test (mean expenditure on
entertainment for high,
moderate and low
income people) likely/not
likely due to chance?
 SUBGROUPS OR LEVEL TEST SPECIAL EXAMPLE
SAMPLES SCALING REQUIREMENT
One (Large sample) Metric Z-test Random sample Is the observed variation
(Interval or for one n30 between a sample
Ratio) mean estimate proportion (%
who say they will buy)
and some set standard
or expected value likely/
not likely due to chance?
Two ( Large sample) Metric Z-test Random sample Is the observed variation
(Interval or for two n30 between estimated
Ratio) mean percentage for two
groups (% of men and
women who have
college degrees) likely/
not likely due to chance?

HYPOTHESIS TESTS RELATED TO DIFFERENCES

Sample Application Level of Scaling Test/Comment

Distribution Nonmetric K-S and , Runs test for
2

randomness, Binomial test for

One sample goodness of fit for dichotomous
Means Metric variables
t test, if variance is unknown
z-test if variance is known
Proportions Metric
z-test
Distributions Nonmetric
K-S two sample test for examining the
equivalence of two distributions
Two Means Metric
Two group t test
independent
F test for equality of variances
Samples Proportions Metric
Z test
Nonmetric
2

Means Metric •
Proportions Nonmetric Paired t test 2
Paired samples McNemar test for binary variables,

Ranking/medi Non metric Wilcokson matched pair signed test is

ans more powerful than the sign test