Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Task:
Where c m
Angle of FM obtained :
(c KVmCosmt )dt
KVm
c t sin mt
m
KVm
VFM (t ) Vc Cos(c t sin m t
m
or
VFM (t ) Vc Cos(c t M f sin m t )
So, the instantaneous frequency of the FM wave is :
f K f Vm
f frequency deviation
KVm
As f
2
f
& Mf
fm Where fm = modulation frequency
Carrier Frequencv (fc)
Carrier frequency in FM systems must be higher
than the information signal frequency.
f
KVm
fVm
2
f
mf = max frequency deviation =
Modulating frequency fm
FM Bandwidth (BW fm)
In theory, an FM signal contains an infinite number of side
frequencies so the BW required to transmit such a signal is
similarly infinite in extent
Advantages
1. All transmitted power in FM is useful, whereas in AM most of it's
in the transmitted carrier.
2. FM has advantage over Am of providing greater protection from
noise for the lowest freq.
3. FM operate in upper VHF & UHF freq. range which less effect of
noise; MF and HF range occupied by AM.
4. In FM, the transmitted amplitude is constant. This characteristic
had adv of significantly improving immunity to noise and
interference.
5. The use of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM will reduce the
effect of noise
Disadvantage
1. Since reception is limited to line of sight, the area of reception for
FM is much smaller than AM
2. Equipments for transmitter and receiver are more expensive and
complex.
3. Much wider BW require by FM up to 10 times larger than AM
Example:
An FM signal has a deviation of 3kHz and a modulating
frequency of 1 kHz. Its total power (Pt) is 5W developed
across a 50 resistive load. The carrier frequency is
160 MHz. If Vt= 15.8 V, By using Bessel Function table,
find: