Determination of Crack width for 1300mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Material parameters
Grade of concrete = M 45
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 45 N/mm2
Grade of steel = Fe 415
Yield stress of steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Max. Permissible stresses in concrete in compresssion (Bending) cbc = 14.5 N/mm2
Max. Permissible stresses for steel in flexural tension = 165 N/mm2 cl no.8.3.4 of
Modular ratio m = 6.44 IS: 4651-part 4
1.5 x m = 9.66
Member forces
Axial load on pile = 100.2 T = P = 100200 kg
Moment on the pile = 1 T.m = My = 100000 kg.cm
Moment on the pile = 150.2 T.m = Mz = 15020000 kg.cm
Resultant Moment on Pile = 150.20 T.m = MRes = 15020333 kg.cm
Check for eccentricity
Eccentricity = M/P = e = 149.90 cm
Limit of eccentricity for the entire cross section to be in compression > 16.3 cm (0.125 x D)
Geometrical parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile
Diameter of Pile = 1300 mm = D = 130 cm
Distance between centre of the section to the outer most fibre R = 65 cm
No of longitudinal rebars Nb = 60 Nos
Diameter of longitudinal rebars f rebar = 25 mm
Area of the longitudinal reinforcment Ast = 294.52 cm2
Clear cover to reinforcement c = 7.5 cm
Effective cover = clear cover + cg of the rebar dc = 9.55 cm
Assuming that the steel bars are equivalent to a thin shell of the same cross sectional area
Diameter of thin shell of reinforcement Dshell = 110.9 cm
Distance between centre of section to cg of main steel (inner radius) ir = 55.5 cm
Effective depth of pile cross section deff = 120.5 cm
Secondary parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile

Cos = ( Nd0 . 5D
0. 5D )
Cos a = -0.259

( Nd0 . 5D ) Cos b = -0.303

Cos =
r
Sin a = 0.966
Nd R
Sin b = 0.953
d a = 1.8325 radians
R b = 1.8790 radians
N A Sin 4a = 0.866
Sin 2a = -0.500
Sin 2b = -0.578
Determination of neutral axis
Thickness of thin shell of reinforcement Ast / (2 p r) tshell = 0.845 cm
Assuming Neutral axis depth Coefficient N = 0.4000
Depth of Neutral axis (N x deff) dn = 48.18 cm
Expressions for evaluating fs1 from P
Total compression in concrete above neutral axis, Cc Cc = 1862 fs1
Total compression in steel above neutral axis, Cs Cs = 532 fs1
Total tension in steel below neutral axis, Ts Ts = 1058 fs1
Expressions for evaluating fs2 from M

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Determination of Crack width for 1300mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section MCc = 83703 fs2
Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section MCs = 25207 fs2
Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section MTs = 41746 fs2

Net axial stresses on the pile section Caxial = 1337 fs1

Net bending stresses on the pile section Cben = 150655 fs2
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by first condition of equilibrium, i.e, P = 0
Axial Load, P = (Cc + Cs - Ts) x fs1 fs1 = P/Caxial = 75 kg/cm2
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by second condition of equilibrium, i.e, M = 0
Moment, M = (MCc + MCs + MTs) x fs2 fs2 = M/Cben = 100 kg/cm2
Evaluation of internal forces & moments on cross section of pile
Total compression in concrete above neutral axis Cc = 139578 kg
Total compression in steel above neutral axis Cs = 39888 kg
Total tension in steel below neutral axis Ts = 79269 kg
Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section MCc = 8345164 kg.cm
Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section MCs = 2513108 kg.cm
Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section MTs = 4162050 kg.cm
Evaluation of distance of centroid of tensile steel from centre of cross section of the pile
The distance of centroid of tensile steel, which is in the form of an arc of a circle, from the centre of the cross section of the pile has
been evaluated.
sin
cg = r cg = 28.12 cm
(radians)
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete
The mean value of fs1 & fs2 has been adopted as the final extreme fibre stress in concrete
fs1 = 75 kg/cm2
fs2 = 100 kg/cm2
Maximum compressive stress, cbc 0.5 x (74.95 + 99.7) = 87 kg/cm2
The distance of the centroid of tension steel from neutral axis has been evaluated as under
h1 = R + cg d n (65 + 28.12 - 48.18) = 44.94 cm
The tensile stress at the centroid of tensile steel is evaluated as under
m cbch1 = 524 kg/cm2
st =
dn < 1682 kg/cm3 Safe
= 7 kips/inch 2

The distance from neutral axis to extreme fibre (h 2), where crack width is calculated has been evaluated as under
h2 = ( 2R )d n = 81.82 cm
Determination of crack width of concrete on tensile face of pile
The crack width of the pile has been evaluated by the following Gerely - Lutz Equation, given in ACI 318R-95 Commentary of Building
code requirements for structural concrete published by the American Concrete Institute.
3
0. 076 st d c A = 0.103 mm
cw =
1000
Dis tan ce of extreme tension fibre from Neutral Axis (h 2 ) = 1.82
=
Dis tan ce of centroid of tension steel from Neutral Axis (h1 )
Effective tension area of concrete surrounding the flexural tension reinforcement and having the same
A =
centroid, as that reinforcement, divided by the total number of bars in the pile

( D2d ) ( 2d + ) = 103.08 cm2

A=
Nb = 15.98 sq.inches
Summary
Actual Crack width = 0.004041 inches
= 0.10 mm
Permissible Crack width < 0.30 mm (Refer Cl 8.3.4 of IS: 4651 (Part-4) - 1989) Hence safe
Conclusion
As the actual crack width is less than the permitted crack width, the design is safe in Limit state of serviceability.

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