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Grid-connected Switched Reluctance Generator based Wind Farm Control using Modified
Hybrid Multicell Converter
1
R. Jayapragash and 2C. Chellamuthu
1
Anna University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, R.M.K. Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: This study deals with analysis of grid integrated Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) based wind farm
control using Modified Hybrid Multicell Converter (MHMC). A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model is developed
for the existing machine geometry using MagNet 7.1.1 and solved to obtain the parameters like flux linkage,
inductance and torque. The data obtained from FEA Model is utilized to develop model of SRG in the
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Asymmetric Half Bridge Converter (AHBC) with dedicative buses for source
and load is used for excitation. Developed wind turbine with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to
extract maximum power from the wind turbine. Output of the SRG is integrated with grid through Modified Hybrid
Multicell Converter. The MHMC uses a flying capacitor module on each cell to generate a positive variable dc-link
voltage. The variable dc link is inverted at fundamental switching frequency by an H-bridge to generate the cell
output voltage. Phase-Disposition level-shifted Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM) Technique is used to obtain the
high performance waveforms. In this study wind farm having four SRGS controlled through MHMC is proposed.
Keywords: Asymmetric Half Bridge Converter (AHBC), Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT), Modified Hybrid Multicell Converter (MHMC), Switched Reluctance Generator
(SRG)
Corresponding Author: R. Jayapragash, Anna University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel.: +91-9894182069
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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 9(11): 1006-1015, 2015
METHODOLOGY
di dL
v = iR + L + iw
Fig. 1: Cross section of SRG dt dq (2)
diexc (3)
v = iexc R + L - e
dt
where,
i exc = Current during excitation
L = Inductance, function of current (i) and rotor
position ()
e = Back emf
Fig. 2: (a) Ideal inductance profile, (b) current pulse, (c) During generation both switches S1 and S2 are
torque OFF, then the DC bus is connected in reverse polarity
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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 9(11): 1006-1015, 2015
1 2 (5)
E= v
2
where,
Fig. 5: Inductance profile v = Wind speed (m/sec)
1
Pw = r Av 3 (watts or J/sec) (6)
2
where,
= Air density = 1.225 kg/m3
A = Area covered by blades, m2
digen
- v = igen R + L - e
dt (4)
where,
i gen = Current during generation
1
pC p (l , b )r R 2 v 3
Tw = 2 (9)
w
model is composed by several modules such as position Modified hybrid multicell converter: Conventional
sensor, power converter, controller and phase winding. two-level inverters are mostly used to generate an AC
MATLAB/SIMULINK model of SRG is shown in voltage from a DC voltage. The two-level inverter can
Fig. 11. Phase windings of the SRG are excited in a only create two different output voltages for the load.
sequential manner and the torque contributed by the
To build up an AC output voltage these two voltages are
individual phases are summed up to obtain the total
Torque (T) developed by the machine. Dynamic usually switched with PWM. Though this method is
equation is solved in the mechanical block to obtain effective it creates harmonic distortions in the output
speed and rotor position. voltage, EMI and high dv/dt.
Simulation results of the SRG are reported below. The concepts of Multilevel Inverters (MLI) do not
For 4-phases 8/6 SRG, minimum dwell angle is 15 and depend on just two levels of voltage to create an AC
maximum dwell angle is 30. The results are obtained signal. Instead several voltage levels are added to each
for on -5 and off -30. Figure 12 gives generated other to create a smoother stepped waveform, with
voltage of the SRG. lower dv/dt and harmonic distortions. With more
Phase current of the generator mode operation is voltage levels in the inverter the waveform it creates
shown in Fig. 13. The sign of the current is always
becomes smoother, but with many levels the design
positive due to the unidirectional elements present in
the converter. becomes more complicated, with more components and
SRG generates negative torque and it is shown in a more complicated controller for the inverter is
Fig. 14. needed.
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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 9(11): 1006-1015, 2015
The hybrid topologies merged two or more The HMC is a new modular multilevel topology
classical topologies in order to improve the output proposed by Lezana and Aceiton (2011) and shown in
waveforms, reduce the number of semiconductors, Fig. 15. The HMC uses a flying capacitor module on
reduce the losses, reduce the supply requirements, etc. each cell to generate a positive variable dc-link voltage.
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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 9(11): 1006-1015, 2015
The variable dc link is inverted at fundamental HMC topology shown in Fig. 15 is customized to
switching frequency by an H-bridge to generate the cell obtain Modified Hybrid Multicell Converter (MHMC).
output voltage. Phase-Disposition level-shifted Pulse MHMC allows additional SRGs to be connected in
Width Modulation (PD-PWM) Technique is used to series, increasing the overall converter voltage and
power ratings while improving the quality of the output
obtain the high performance waveforms, (Lezana et al.,
signals. In this study wind farm having four SRGS
2013). The macrocell multilevel dc-link voltage V m is controlled through MHMC is proposed.
implemented by the FC converter, which is handled by MATLAB/SIMULINK model of the grid-connected
the output H-bridge to generate the cell output signal SRG based wind farm control using MHMC is
V oc . shown in Fig. 16.
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Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 9(11): 1006-1015, 2015
Switching state and output voltage of MHMC is proposed in this study is having four SRG, therefore
given in Table 2. four triangular carriers are used and which are
Switching signals for the MHMC is derived using compared with sinusoidal. Modulation signals are
Phase-Disposition level-shifted Pulse Width shown in Fig. 17.
Modulation (PD-PWM) Technique. It is a technique Switching Signals for the MHMC and H-bridge
used to obtain high performance output. Wind farm inverter are shown in Fig. 18 and 19, respectively.
Table 2: Switching state and output voltage
Output U1 U2 U3 U4 D1 to D4 T1 T4 T2 T3
+1Vdc On x x x OFF (RB) On On x x
+2Vdc On On x x On On x x
+3Vdc On On On x On On x x
+4Vdc On On On On On On x x
0 x x x x x x x x
-1Vdc On x x x x x On On
-2Vdc On On x x x x On On
-3Vdc On On On x x x On On
-4Vdc On On On On x x On On
3.5
Car 4
3
2.5
Car 3
2
1.5
Car 2
1
0.5
Car 1
0
0.1
The output voltage response of the MHMC is show modified hybrid multicell converter. Developed SRG
in Fig. 20. There is a small distortion in the output machine model in the MATLAB/SIMULINK
voltage due to the non-linearity exists in the SRG. environment using the data obtained from FEA model
The output of the MHMC is integrated to the grid and the response of the SRG is found satisfactory. Wind
through transformer to match the voltage and frequency turbine model with Maximum Power Point Tracking
of SRG with grid. Voltage and current waveforms of (MPPT) algorithm is developed to extract maximum
the load which is integrated with the grid is shown in power from the wind turbine. Switching signal for
Fig. 21 and 22.
triggering the power device in the MHMC is obtained
From the results it is clear that the wind farm
having four SRGs is properly integrated with grid. accurately using Phase-Disposition level-shifted Pulse
SRG gives satisfactory performance in the generating Width Modulation (PD-PWM) Technique and
mode and supplies power to the load. From the above operation of MHMC is found reasonable. The output of
discussion it is very apparent that, the SRG is a very the MHMC is integrated to the grid through transformer
good wind generator for wind energy conversion to match the voltage and frequency of SRG with grid.
system and modified hybrid multicell converter is Results are reported and this wind farm is suitable for
suitable for wind farm control. rural electrification.
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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