Carte C

Invata C
Table of Contents
................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1. Generalitati asupra limbajului C ...................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Introducere............................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Primele programe .................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Meta-limbajul si setul de caractere ........................................................................................ 11
2. Unitati lexicale ale limbajului C .................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Indentificatori ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.2 Cuvinte cheie ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Constante ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Siruri ...................................................................................................................................... 16
2.5 Operatori................................................................................................................................ 17
2.6 Separatori............................................................................................................................... 17
3. Variabile ........................................................................................................................................ 19
3.1 Clase de memorie .................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Tipuri de variabile ................................................................................................................. 22
3.3 Obiecte si valori-stanga ......................................................................................................... 25
3.4 Conversii de tip ..................................................................................................................... 25
4 Operatori si expresii ...................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Expresii primare .................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 Operatori uniari ..................................................................................................................... 31
4.3 Operatori multiplicativi ......................................................................................................... 34
4.4 Operatori aditivi .................................................................................................................... 35
4.5 Operatori de deplasare ........................................................................................................... 35
4.6 Operatori relationali .............................................................................................................. 36
4.7 Operatori de egalitate ........................................................................................................... 37
4.8 Operatori SI pe biti ............................................................................................................ 37
4.9 Operatorul SAU-exclusiv pe biti ....................................................................................... 38
4.10 Operatorul SAU-inclusiv pe biti ........................................................................................ 38
4.11 Operatorul SI-logic ............................................................................................................ 39
4.12 Operatorul SAU-logic ........................................................................................................ 39
4.13 Operatorul conditional ........................................................................................................... 40
4.14 Operatori de atribuire ........................................................................................................... 41
4.15 Operatorul virgula [,] ............................................................................................................. 42
4.16 Precedenta si ordinea de evaluare.......................................................................................... 43
Page 2
5 Declaratii ....................................................................................................................................... 44
5.1 Specificatori de clasa de memorie ......................................................................................... 45
5.2 Specificatori de tip................................................................................................................. 46
5.3 Declaratori ............................................................................................................................. 47
5.4 Modificatorul const ............................................................................................................... 49
5.5 Initializare.............................................................................................................................. 50
5.6 Nume-tip ................................................................................................................................ 51
6 Intructiuni ...................................................................................................................................... 52
6.1 Intructiunea expresie .......................................................................................................... 52
6.2 Instructiunea compusa sau blocul .......................................................................................... 53
6.3 Instructiunea conditionala If .............................................................................................. 54
6.4 Instructiunea while ............................................................................................................. 56
6.5 Instructiunea do.................................................................................................................. 56
6.6 Instructiunea for ................................................................................................................. 57
6.7 Instructiunea switch ........................................................................................................... 58
6.8 Instructiunea breack ........................................................................................................... 60
6.9 Instructiunea continue ........................................................................................................ 61
6.10 Instructiunea return ............................................................................................................ 62
6.11 Instructiunea vida ............................................................................................................... 62
7 Functiile si strucura unui program ................................................................................................. 63
7.1 Definitia functiilor ................................................................................................................. 63
7.2 Apelul functiilor .................................................................................................................... 66
7.3 Revenirea din functii ............................................................................................................. 66
7.4 Argumentele functiei si transmiterea parametrilor ................................................................ 67
7.5 Functii cu numar variabil de parametri ................................................................................. 68
7.6 Exemple de functii si programe ............................................................................................. 69
8 Linii de control ale compilatorului ................................................................................................ 72
8.1 Inlocuirea simbolurilor; substiturii macro ............................................................................. 73
8.2 Includerea fisierelor ............................................................................................................... 74
8.3 Compilarea conditionata........................................................................................................ 75
8.4 Utilizarea directivelor de compilare ...................................................................................... 76
9 Pointeri si masive .......................................................................................................................... 78
9.1 Pointeri si adrese ................................................................................................................... 79
9.2 Pointeri si argumente de functii............................................................................................. 80
9.3 Pointeri si masive .................................................................................................................. 81
9.4 Aritmetica de adrese .............................................................................................................. 83
Page 3
9.5 Pointeri la caracter si functii .................................................................................................. 86
9.6 Masive multidimensionale..................................................................................................... 89
9.7 Masive de pointeri si pointeri la pointeri ............................................................................... 92
9.8 Initializarea masivelor si masivelor de pointer ...................................................................... 96
9.9 Masive de pointeri si masive multidimensionale .................................................................. 99
9.10 Argumentele unei linii de comanda ..................................................................................... 100
9.11 Pointeri la functii ................................................................................................................. 105
10 Structuri si reuniuni ................................................................................................................. 109
10.1 Elemente de baza ................................................................................................................. 109
10.2 Structuri si functii ................................................................................................................ 111
10.3 Masive de structuri .............................................................................................................. 113
10.4 Pointeri la structuri .............................................................................................................. 118
10.5 Structuri auto-referite .......................................................................................................... 120
10.6 Cautare in tabele .................................................................................................................. 126
10.7 Campuri ............................................................................................................................... 130
10.8 Reuniuni .............................................................................................................................. 132
10.9 Declaratii de structuri, reuniuni si campuri ......................................................................... 134
10.10 Typedef ............................................................................................................................ 136
11 Intrari/iesiri .............................................................................................................................. 138
11.1 Intrari si iesiri standard; fisiere ............................................................................................ 139
11.2 Accesul la fisiere; deschidere si inchidere ........................................................................... 140
11.3 Citire si scriere fara format .................................................................................................. 144
11.4 Citire cu format ................................................................................................................... 146
11.5 Scriere cu format ................................................................................................................. 150
11.6 Tratarea erorilor ................................................................................................................... 155
11.7 Operatoare cu directoare...................................................................................................... 157
11.8 Programe demonstrative ...................................................................................................... 159
12 Alte rutine din biblioteca standard .......................................................................................... 163
12.1 Alocarea dinamica a memoriei ............................................................................................ 163
12.2 Sortare si cautare ................................................................................................................. 164
12.3 Rutine de clasificare ............................................................................................................ 165
12.4 Operatii cu blocuri de memorie ........................................................................................... 167
12.5 Operatii cu siruri de caractere.............................................................................................. 169
12.6 Biblioteca matematica ......................................................................................................... 173
12.7 Programe demonstrative ...................................................................................................... 176
Page 4
Page 5
1. Generalitati asupra limbajului C
1.1 Introducere
Page 6
1.2 Primele programe
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
1.3 Meta-limbajul si setul de caractere
Page 11
2. Unitati lexicale ale limbajului C
2.1 Indentificatori
2.2 Cuvinte cheie
Page 12
2.3 Constante
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
2.4 Siruri
Page 16
2.5 Operatori
2.6 Separatori
Page 17
Page 18
3. Variabile
3.1 Clase de memorie
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
3.2 Tipuri de variabile
Page 22
Page 23
Page 24
3.3 Obiecte si valori-stanga
3.4 Conversii de tip
Page 25
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
4 Operatori si expresii
4.1 Expresii primare
Page 29
Page 30
4.2 Operatori uniari
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
4.3 Operatori multiplicativi
Page 34
4.4 Operatori aditivi
4.5 Operatori de deplasare
Page 35
4.6 Operatori relationali
Page 36
4.7 Operatori de egalitate
4.8 Operatori SI pe biti
Page 37
4.9 Operatorul SAU-exclusiv pe biti
4.10 Operatorul SAU-inclusiv pe biti
Page 38
4.11 Operatorul SI-logic
4.12 Operatorul SAU-logic
Page 39
4.13 Operatorul conditional
Page 40
4.14 Operatori de atribuire
Page 41
4.15 Operatorul virgula [,]
Page 42
4.16 Precedenta si ordinea de evaluare
Page 43
5 Declaratii
Page 44
5.1 Specificatori de clasa de memorie
Page 45
5.2 Specificatori de tip
Page 46
5.3 Declaratori
Page 47
Page 48
5.4 Modificatorul const
Page 49
5.5 Initializare
Page 50
5.6 Nume-tip
Page 51
6 Intructiuni
6.1 Intructiunea expresie
Page 52
6.2 Instructiunea compusa sau blocul
Page 53
6.3 Instructiunea conditionala If
Page 54
Page 55
6.4 Instructiunea while
6.5 Instructiunea do
Page 56
6.6 Instructiunea for
Page 57
6.7 Instructiunea switch
Page 58
Page 59
6.8 Instructiunea breack
Page 60
6.9 Instructiunea continue
Page 61
6.10 Instructiunea return
6.11 Instructiunea vida
Page 62
7 Functiile si strucura unui program
7.1 Definitia functiilor
Page 63
Page 64
Page 65
7.2 Apelul functiilor
7.3 Revenirea din functii
Page 66
7.4 Argumentele functiei si transmiterea
parametrilor
Page 67
7.5 Functii cu numar variabil de parametri
Page 68
7.6 Exemple de functii si programe
Page 69
Page 70
Page 71
8 Linii de control ale compilatorului
Page 72
8.1 Inlocuirea simbolurilor; substiturii macro
Page 73
8.2 Includerea fisierelor
Page 74
8.3 Compilarea conditionata
Page 75
8.4 Utilizarea directivelor de compilare
Page 76
Page 77
9 Pointeri si masive
Page 78
9.1 Pointeri si adrese
Page 79
9.2 Pointeri si argumente de functii
Page 80
9.3 Pointeri si masive
Page 81
Page 82
9.4 Aritmetica de adrese
Page 83
Page 84
Page 85
9.5 Pointeri la caracter si functii
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
9.6 Masive multidimensionale
Page 89
Page 90
Page 91
9.7 Masive de pointeri si pointeri la pointeri
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
9.8 Initializarea masivelor si masivelor de pointer
Page 96
Page 97
Page 98
9.9 Masive de pointeri si masive
multidimensionale
Page 99
9.10 Argumentele unei linii de comanda
Page 100
Page 101
Page 102
Page 103
Page 104
9.11 Pointeri la functii
Page 105
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
10 Structuri si reuniuni
10.1 Elemente de baza
Page 109
Page 110
10.2 Structuri si functii
Page 111
Page 112
10.3 Masive de structuri
Page 113
Page 114
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
10.4 Pointeri la structuri
Page 118
Page 119
10.5 Structuri auto-referite
Page 120
Page 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 124
Page 125
10.6 Cautare in tabele
Page 126
Page 127
Page 128
Page 129
10.7 Campuri
Page 130
Page 131
10.8 Reuniuni
Page 132
Page 133
10.9 Declaratii de structuri, reuniuni si
campuri
Page 134
Page 135
10.10 Typedef
Page 136
Page 137
11 Intrari/iesiri
Page 138
11.1 Intrari si iesiri standard; fisiere
Page 139
11.2 Accesul la fisiere; deschidere si inchidere
Page 140
Page 141
Page 142
Page 143
11.3 Citire si scriere fara format
Page 144
Page 145
11.4 Citire cu format
Page 146
Page 147
Page 148
Page 149
11.5 Scriere cu format
Page 150
Page 151
Page 152
Page 153
Page 154
11.6 Tratarea erorilor
Page 155
Page 156
11.7 Operatoare cu directoare
Page 157
Page 158
11.8 Programe demonstrative
Page 159
Page 160
Page 161
Page 162
12 Alte rutine din biblioteca standard
12.1 Alocarea dinamica a memoriei
Page 163
12.2 Sortare si cautare
Page 164
12.3 Rutine de clasificare
Page 165
Page 166
12.4 Operatii cu blocuri de memorie
Page 167
Page 168
12.5 Operatii cu siruri de caractere
Page 169
Page 170
Page 171
Page 172
12.6 Biblioteca matematica
Page 173
Page 174
Page 175
12.7 Programe demonstrative
Page 176
Page 177
Page 178
Page 179
Page 180
Page 181

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Carte C

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Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Invata C

2.2 Cuvinte cheie

3.1 Clase de memorie

3.4 Conversii de tip

4.1 Expresii primare

4.5 Operatori de deplasare

4.8 Operatori SI pe biti

4.10 Operatorul SAU-inclusiv pe biti

4.12 Operatorul SAU-logic

6.1 Intructiunea expresie

6.11 Instructiunea vida

7.1 Definitia functiilor

7.3 Revenirea din functii

10.1 Elemente de baza

12.1 Alocarea dinamica a memoriei

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