WIERS

DEFINITION
A weir may be described as any notch of
regular form through which water flows. This
notch may be in the side of a tank, reservoir
or channel or it may be an overflow dam with
retaining walls at its ends.
Are overflow structures which are built
across an open channel for the purpose of
measuring or controlling the flow of liquids.
are commonly used to prevent flooding,
measure discharge and help render rivers
navigable.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
NAPPE- overfalling sheet of water.
CREST OF WEIR- edge or top surface of a weir with
which the flowing liquid comes in contact.

CONTRACTED WEIR- Weirs having sides sharp-

edged, so that the nappe is contracted in width or
having end contractions, either one end or two ends.
SUPPRESSED WEIR or FULL-WIDTH WEIR -
Weirs having its length L being equal to the width of
the channel so that the nappe suffers no end
contractions.

DROP-DOWN CURVE - The downward curvature

of the liquid surface before the weir.
HEAD (H) - The distance between the liquid and
the crest of the weir, measured before the drop-
down curve.
CLASSIFICATION OF WIERS
The most commonly used shapes are the
rectangular, triangular and the trapezoidal
shapes.
According to the form of the crest, weirs may
be sharp-crested or broad-crested.
The flow over a weir may either be free or
submerged. If the water surface downstream
from the weir is lower than the crest, the flow
is free, but if the downstream surface is
higher than the crest, the flow is submerged.
ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CREST:
Sharp-crested weirs, which are useful only as a
means of measuring flowing
water.

Non-sharp-crested weirs, which are incorporated

into hydraulic structures as control or regulating
devices, with measurement of flow as a secondary
function.
ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE
NOTCH:
a. rectangular

b. triangular

c. circular
d. trapezoidal

e. inclined crest

f. parabolic
ACCORDING TO DIMENSIONS OF CROSS
SECTION:
TYPE OF SIDE WEIR FLOW
o free overflow

o submerged overflow
o submerged over flow

o submerged over counter-flow

o free over counter-flow
 RECTANGULAR WEIR
 TRIANGULAR WEIR

A v notch weir is simply a 'v notch' in a plate that is placed

so that it obstructs an open channel flow, causing the water
to flow over the v notch. It is used to meter flow of water in
the channel, by measuring the head of water over the v
notch crest. The v notch weir is especially good for
measuring a low flow rate, because the flow area decreases
rapidly as the head over the v notch gets small.
Often used in water supply, wastewater and sewage
systems.
Measure low discharges more accurately than horizontal
weirs