UNIT 1

A drainage pipe is tapered in a section running with full of water. The pipe diameters at the inlet and
exit are 1000 mm and 500 mm respectively. The water surface is 2 m above the centre of the inlet and
exit is 3 m above the free surface of the water. The pressure at the exit is 250 mm of Hg vacuum. The
friction loss between the inlet, and exit of the pipe is 1/10 of the velocity head at the exit. Determine
the discharge through the pipe.

Explain the properties of a hydraulic fluid.

A 0.5 m shaft rotates in a sleeve under lubrication with viscosity 5 poise at 200 rpm. Calculate the
power lost for a length of 100 mm if the thickness of the oil is 1 mm.

Derive Bernoulli's theorem and state its limitations.

Derive continuity equation from basic principles

Derive Euler's equation of motion for flow along a stream line. What are the assumptions involved.

Air flows through a pipe at a rate of 200 L/s. The pipe consists of two sections of diameters 20 cm and
10 cm with a smooth reducing section that connects them. The pressure difference between the two
pipe sections is measured by a water manometer. Neglecting frictional effects, determine the
differential height of water between the two pipe sections. Take the air density to be 1.20 kg/m3.

Obtain an expression for continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates.

UNIT 3

What do you mean by displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness?

The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by u/U =y/, where u is the velocity at a
distance y from the plate u=U at y =, being boundary layer thickness. Find the displacement
thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness.

Derive the haigen poisuille equation

Derive an expression for head loss through pipes due to friction.

Three pipes of 400 mm, 350 mm and 300 mm diameter are connected in series between two reservoirs.
With a difference in level of 12 m. Friction factor is 0.024, 0.021 and 0.019 respectively. The lengths
are 200 m, 300 m and 250 m. Determine flow rate neglecting minor losses

A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes, which again forms one pipe. The length and diameter for
the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1 m respectively, while the length and diameter of second
parallel pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 m respectively. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if total flow
in the main is 3m3/s. The coefficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to 0.005.

Two pipes of 15 cm and 30 cm diameters are laid in parallel to pass a total discharge of 100 liters per
second. Each pipe is 250 m long. Determine discharge through each pipe. Now these pipes are
connected in series to connect two tanks 500 m apart, to carry same total discharge. Determine water
level difference between the tanks. Neglect minor losses in both cases, f = 0.02 both pipes.
 UNIT 2

Write the steps for Buckingham's theorem analysis?

The resisting force(R) of a supersonic flight can be considered as dependent upon the length of the air
craft l, velocity v , air viscosity , air density and bulk modulus of air isk. Express the
functional relationship between these variables and the resisting force.

The efficiency ( of a fan depends on (density), (viscosity) of the fluid, (angular velocity), d
(diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge). .Express in terms of non-dimensional parameters. Use
Buckingham's theorem.

Using Buckingham's - theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice in a pipe is given by
v = (2gH) f {d/ H , /vH} where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head
causing the flow and and are the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing through the
orifice and g is acceleration due to gravity

Explain different types of similarities

In 1:30 model of a spillway, the velocity and discharge are 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m 3/s. Find the
corresponding velocity and discharge in the prototype

Model of an air duct operating with water produces a pressure drop of 10 kN/m2 over 10 m length. If
the scale ratio is 1/50. Density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and density of air is 1.2 kg/m3. Viscosity of
water is 0.001 Ns/m2 and viscosity of air is 0.00002 Ns/m2. Estimate corresponding drop in a 20m
long air duct

UNIT 4

Give the comparison between impulse and reaction turbine.

Write a note on performance curves of turbine

With the help of neat diagram explain the construction and working of a pelton wheel turbine

Sketch velocity triangles at inlet and outlet of a pelton wheel

A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head on
the Pelton wheel is 700 m. If the side clearance angle is 15 and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m3/s,
find (1) power available at the nozzle and (2) hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Take Cv = 1

The nozzle of a Pelton wheel gives a jet 9 cm diameter and velocity 75 m/s. Cv of nozzle = 0.978. The
pitch circle diameter is 1.5 m and the deflection angle of the buckets is 170. The wheel velocity is
0.46 times the jet velocity. Estimate the speed in rpm, theoretical power developed and the efficiency
of the machine

A Pelton wheel supplied water from reservoir under a gross head of 112 m and the friction losses in
the pen stock amounts to 20 m of head. The water from pen stock is discharged through a single nozzle
of diameter of 100 mm at the rate of 0.30 m3/s. Mechanical losses due to friction amounts to 4.3 KW
of power and shaft power available is 208 KW. Determine: velocity of jet; water power at inlet to
runner; power loss in nozzles; power lost in runner due to hydraulic resistance.
Draw a neat sketch of Kaplan turbine, name the parts and briefly explain the working

A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 20 m develops 15 MW brake power. The hub diameter and
runner diameter of the turbine are 1.5 m and 4 m respectively. The guide blade angle at the inlet is 30.
n =0.9 and o= 0.8. The discharge is radial. Find the runner vane angles and turbine speed

A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 7357.5 kW shaft power. The net available head is
5.50 m. Assume that the speed ratio is 2.09 and flow ratio is 0.68, and the overall efficiency is 60%.
The diameter of the boss is l/3rd of the diameter of the runner. Determine the diameter of the runner,
its speed and its specific speed.

A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 76% and hydraulic efficiency of 80% is required to
produce 150 kW. It is working under a head of 8 m. The peripheral velocity is 0.25 2gH and
radial'velocity of flow at inlet is 0.95 2gH . The wheel runs at 150 rpm. Assuming radial discharge,
determine

(i) Flow velocity at outlet

(ii) The wheel angle at inlet

(iii) Diameter and width of the wheel at inlet

.Design a Francis Turbine runner with the following data: Net head = 70 m Speed N f- 800 rpm.
Output power 400Kw Hydraulic efficiency = 95% Overall efficiency = 85% Flow ratio = 0.2 Breadth
ratio = 0.1 Inner diameter is 1/3 outer diameter. Assume 6% circumferential area of the runner to be
occupied by the thickness of the vanes. The flow is radial at exit and remains constant throughout

Describe with a sketch the installation and operation of centrifugal pump

Explain the characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump

A centrifugal pump running at 800 rpm is working against a total head of 20.2 m. The external
diameter of the impeller is 480 mm and the outlet width is 60 mm. If the vane angle at outlet is 40
and manometric efficiency is 70%, Determine:

(i) Flow velocity at outlet,

(ii) Absolute velocity of water leaving the vane.

(iii) Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion,

(iv) Rate of flow through the pump.

A Centrifugal pump is provided at a height of 5 m above the sump water level and the outlet of the
delivery pipe is 10 m above the sump. The vane angle at outlet is 50. The velocity of flow through the
impeller is constant at 1.6 m/s. Find : (1) The pressure head at inlet to the wheel (10) (2) The pressure
head at outlet of the wheel. Assume that the velocity of water in the pipes is equal to the velocity of
flow through the impeller. Ignore losses.
A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5 metres and a design speed of 1000 rpm.
The vanes are curved back to an angle of 30 with the periphery. The impeller diameter is 300 mm and
outlet width 50 mm. Determine the discharge of the pump if manometric efficiency is 95%.

UNIT 5

Show that the work done by a reciprocating pump is equal to the area of the indicator diagram.

Explain the working principle of reciprocating pump with neat sketch

The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and 300 mm respectively.
The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m. The diameter and length of delivery pipe
are 100 mm and 20 rn respectively. Find out:

(i) Theoretical discharge and theoretical; power required to run the pump if its speed is 60rpm

(ii) Percentage slip, if the actual discharge is 2.35 1/s and

(iii) The acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke

Determine the maximum operating speed in rpm and the maximum capacity in lps of a single-acting
reciprocating pump with the following details. Plunger diameter = 25 cm, stroke = 50 cm, suction pipe
diameter = 15 cm, length = 9 cm, delivery pipe diameter = 10 cm, length = 36 cm, static suction head
= 3 m, static delivery head = 20 m, atmospheric pressure - 76 cm of mercury, vapour pressure of water
= 25 KPa (abs).

A double acting pump with 35cm bore and 40cm stroke runs at 60 strokes per minute. The suction pipe
is 10 m long and delivery pipe is 200m long. The diameter of the delivery pipe is 15cm.The pump is
situated at a height of 2.5 m above the sump, the outlet of the delivery pipe is 70 m above the pump.
Calculate the diameter of the suction pipe for the condition that separation is avoided. Assume
separation to occur at an absolute pressure head is 2.5m of water. Find the Horsepower required to
drive the pump neglecting all losses other than friction in the pipes assuming friction factor as 0.02.