Carl Gustav Jung
- middle-aged doctor who talked to the
woman from within
Memories, Dreams, Reflections
AUTOBIOGRAPHY- confrontation with
the unconscious.
Overview of Analytical
Psychology
analytical psychology- rests on the
assumption that occult phenomena
can and do influence the lives of
everyone.
-each of us is motivated not only by
repressed experiences but also by
certain emotionally toned experiences
inherited from our ancestors.
collective unconscious- includes
those elements that we have never
experienced
individually but which have come
down to us from our ancestors.
Archetypes- elements of the
collective unconscious become highly
developed
self-realization- most inclusive
archetype
- can be achieved only by attaining a
balance between various opposing
forces of personality.
* People are both introverted and
extraverted; rational and irrational;
male and female; conscious and
unconscious; and pushed by past
events while being pulled by future
expectations.
Biography of Carl Jung
BIRTHDATE: July 26, 1875
BIRTHPLACE: Kesswil, a town on Lake
Constance in Switzerland
paternal grandfather :elder Carl
Gustav Jung(physician)
sometimes, believed himself to be the
great-grandson of Goethe
PARENTS: Johann Paul Jung- minister in
the Swiss Reformed Church
Emilie Preiswerk Jung- daughter of a
-theologian.
jungs mothers family had a tradition
of spiritualism and mysticism,
maternal grandmother- Samuel
Preiswerk
- believer in the occult and often
talked to the dead.
Father- sentimental idealist with strong
doubts about his religious faith.
Mother- realistic, practical, and
warmhearted; unstable, mystical,
clairvoyant, archaic, and ruthless-- No.
2
or night personality
* he felt distrustful whenever the word
love was mentioned- mother was
hospitalized- separated from his
mother,
associated woman with unreliability,
the word father meant reliablebut
powerless
No. 1 and No. 2 personalities.
- personalities as parts of his own
personal world
- adolescence he became aware of the
No. 2 personality as a reflection of
something other than himself
-#2- in touch with feelings and
intuitions
No. 1 personality was extraverted
and in tune to the objective world,
No. 2 personality was introverted
and directed inward toward his
subjective world
first choice of a profession was
archeology
- had limited financial resources
- natural science because he twice
dreamed of making important
discoveries in the
natural world -- narrowed to
medicine.=psychiatrist
Basel University- completed medical
degree
He became psychiatric assistant to
Eugene Bleuler at Burghltzli Mental
Hospital in Zrich,
WIFE: Emma Rauschenbach-
sophisticated woman from a wealthy
Swiss family
- regarded him as a man of great
intellect.
- first presidentof the International
Psychoanalytic Association.
Levels of the Psyche
1. Conscious--images are those
that are sensed by the ego
UNCONSCIOUS- elements have no
relationship with the ego
Ego- saw the ego as the center of
consciousness, but must be completed
by the more comprehensive self, the
center of personality that is largely
unconscious
Psychologically healthy- ego takes
secondary position to the unconscious
self
Healthy individuals are in contact with
their conscious world, but they also
allow themselves to experience their
unconscious self and thus to achieve
individuation.
2. Personal Unconscious
- embraces all repressed, forgotten, or
subliminally perceived experiences of
one particular individual
- formed by our individual
experiences and is therefore unique
to each of us
- can be recalled easily, some
remembered with difficulty, and still
others are beyond the reach of
consciousness
Complexes-
- Contents of the personal unconscious
- an emotionally toned conglomeration
of associated ideas
- are largely personal, but they may
also be partly derived from humanitys
collective experience.
- the mother complex is partly formed
by a persons conscious image of
mother
- complexes may be partly conscious
and may stem from both the personal
and the collective unconscious
- complexes are individualized
components of the personal
unconscious
3. Collective Unconscious
- has roots in the ancestral past of the
entire species
- represents Jungs most controversial,
and perhaps his most distinctive,
concept
- physical contents of the collective
unconscious are inherited and pass
from one generation to the next as
psychic potential
- the contents of the collective
unconscious are more or less the same
for people in all cultures
- do not lie dormant but are active and
influence a persons thoughts,
emotions, and actions.
- responsible for peoples many myths,
legends, and religious beliefs
- produces big dreams, that is,
dreams with meaning beyond the
individual dreamer and that are filled
with significance for people of every
time and place
- does not refer to inherited ideas but
rather to humans innate tendency to
react in a particular way whenever
their experiences stimulate a
biologically inherited response
tendency.
- forms without content, representing
merely the possibility of a certain type
of perception and action
- With more repetition these forms
begin to develop some content and to
emerge as relatively autonomous
archetypes.
4. Archetypes
- ancient or archaic images that derive
from the collective unconscious.
- similar to complexes in that they are
emotionally toned collections of
associated images.
- generalized and derive from the
contents of the collective unconscious.
- the psychic counterpart to an instinct
Instinct- unconscious physical
impulse toward action
- both archetypes and instincts are
unconsciously determined
- have a biological basis but originate
through the repeated experiences of
humans early ancestors
- The potential for countless numbers
of archetypes exists within each
person, and when a personal
experience corresponds to the latent
primordial image, the archetype
becomes activated.
- Dreams are the main source of
archetypal material
- hallucinations of psychotic patients
also offered evidence for universal
archetypes
- Jung placed primary emphasis on the
collective unconscious and used
personal experiences to round out the
total personality
- the collective unconscious into
autonomous forces called archetypes,
each with a life and a personality of its
own.
ARCHETYPES:
persona
shadow
anima
animus
great mother
wise old man
hero
self
A.PERSONA- side of personality that
people show to the world; refers to the
mask worn by actors in the early
theater.
-concept of the persona may have
originated from experiences with his
No. 1 personality, which had to make
accommodations to the outside world
- we should not confuse our public
face with our complete self.
- we must acknowledge society, but if
we over identify with our persona, we
lose touch with our inner self and
remain dependent on societys
expectations of us.
- we must strike a balance between
the demands of society and what we
truly are.
- To be oblivious of ones persona is to
underestimate the importance of
society, but to be unaware of ones
deep individuality is to become
societys puppet
B.SHADOW- the archetype of
darkness and repression, represents
those qualities we
do not wish to acknowledge but
attempt to hide from ourselves and
others
- consists of morally objectionable
tendencies as well as a number of
constructive and creative qualities
that we, nevertheless, are reluctant to
face
- to be whole, we must continually
strive to know our shadow and that
this quest is our first test of courage
- To come to grips with the darkness
within ourselves is to achieve the
realization of the shadow.
C. ANIMA- all humans are
psychologically bisexual and possess
both a masculine and a feminine side.
- feminine side of men originates in
the
collective unconscious as an archetype
and remains extremely resistant to
consciousness.
- this task requires great courage and
is even more difficult than becoming
acquainted with their shadow.
- men must overcome intellectual
barriers, delve into the far recesses of
their unconscious, and realize the
feminine side of their personality.
- The process of gaining acquaintance
with his anima was Jungs second test
of courage.
- Jung could recognize his anima only
after
learning to feel comfortable with his
shadow
- anima originated from early mens
experiences with womenmothers,
sisters, and loversthat combined to
form a generalized picture of woman.
- anima influences the feeling side in
man and is the explanation for certain
irrational moods and feelings.
D. ANIMUS- masculine archetype in
women
- symbolic of thinking and
reasoning.
- belongs to the collective unconscious
and originates from the encounters of
prehistoric women with men
- explanation for the irrational thinking
and illogical opinions often attributed
to women.
- animus appears in dreams, visions,
and fantasies in a personified form.
- If a woman is dominated by her
animus, no logical or emotional appeal
can shake her from her prefabricated
beliefs.
E. GREAT MOTHER
- Two other archetypes, the great
mother and the wise old man, are
derivatives of the
anima and animus.
- Represents two opposing forces
Fertility and nourishment (capable of
producing and sustaining life)
symbolized by a tree, garden, plowed
field, sea, heaven, home, country,
church, and hollow objects such as
ovens and cooking utensils
power and destruction (devour or
neglect her offspring)
- godmother, the Mother of God,
Mother Nature, Mother Earth, a
stepmother, or a witch
- Jung saw his own mother as having
two personalitiesone loving and
nurturing; the other uncanny, archaic,
and ruthless.
- believed that our view of a personal
loving and terrible mother is largely
overrated.
Rebirth- Fertility and power combine;
represented by such processes as
reincarnation, baptism, resurrection,
and individuation or self-realization.
People throughout the world are
moved by a desire to be reborn: that
is, to reach self-realization, nirvana,
heaven, or perfection
F. WISE OLD MAN
- archetype of wisdom and meaning
- symbolizes humans preexisting
knowledge of the mysteries of life
- unconscious and cannot be directly
experienced by a single individual
- Political, religious, and social
prophets who appeal to reason as well
as emotion are guided by this
unconscious archetype
- personified in dreams as father,
grandfather, teacher, philosopher,
guru, doctor, or priest
- fairy tales as the king, sage, or the
magician who comes to the aid of the
troubled protagonist, through superior
wisdom, he helps the protagonist
escape from myriad misadventures
- also symbolized by life itself
G. HERO-
represented in mythology and legends
as a powerful person, sometimes part
god, who fights against great odds to
conquer or vanquish evil in the form of
dragons, monsters, serpents, or
demons.
- the hero often is undone by some
seemingly insignificant person or
event
- serving as our model for the ideal
personality
- the hero is symbolically overcoming
the
darkness of prehuman
unconsciousness
-achievement of consciousness was
one
of our ancestors greatest
accomplishments, and the image of
the archetypal conquering
hero represents victory over the
forces of darkness.
H. SELF- inherited tendency to move
toward growth, perfection, and
completion, and he called this innate
disposition-SELF
- most comprehensive of all
archetypes
- archetype of archetypes because it
pulls together the other archetypes
and unites them in the process of self-
realization.
- possesses conscious and personal
unconscious components, but it is
mostly formed by collective
unconscious images.
- symbolized by a persons ideas of
perfection, completion, and
wholeness, but its ultimate symbol is
the
mandala- depicted as a circle within a
square, a square within a circle, or any
other concentric figurerepresents
the strivings of the collective
unconscious for unity, balance, and
wholeness.--represents perfect self,
the archetype of order, unity, and
totality
- The self includes both personal and
collective unconscious images and
thus
should not be confused with the ego,
which represents consciousness only.
- people who are overpowered by their
unconscious are often pathological,
with one-sided personalities
- each person has in the collective
unconscious a concept of the perfect,
unified self.
- self-realization completeness and
wholeness> represented by the same
symbol of perfection (the mandala)
that sometimes signifies divinity
- self appears as an ideal personality,
sometimes taking the form of Jesus
Christ, Buddha, Krishna, or other
deified figures.
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