Excellence Through Competency

STUDENT GUIDELINES FOR FINAL YEAR

PROJECT (FYP)

Published By

Final Year Project Committee

Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
2016

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 PREAMBLE

This Guideline for Final Year Project Report Handbook has been prepared to help the students who
are undertaking Final Year Project (FYP) as a partial requirement to be awarded as Bachelor of
Manufacturing Engineering (Hons.) at Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)

The handbook is design to guide the students to produce a good FYP report. A well written report
will demonstrate the students ability to present his FYP findings in a consistent manner according to
the given instructions. The authors hope that this handbook will be the students most loyal
companion during the writing phases of FYP1 and FYP2 period. Students are duly responsible to
prepare the report in the required format and submitting it within the stipulated time period.
Remember to give proper credit to all work that is not strictly your own by using the correct citing
and referencing format according to guidelines as given in this handbook.

Good luck!

LIST OF THE CONTRIBUTORS

Mohd Shukor bin Salleh

Mohd Yuhazri bin Yaakob

Zaleha binti Mustafa

Mahasan bin Mat Ali

Syamimi binti Shamsuddin

Zulkeflee bin Abdullah

Saifudin Hafiz bin Yahaya

Hasoloan Haery Ian Pieter

Effendi bin Mohamad

Mohamad Ridzuan bin Jamli

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Rules and General Conduct 4
1.2 Mission 4
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Learning Outcomes of FYP 5
1.4.1 FYP I 5
1.4.2 FYP II 5
1.5 Administration of FYP 6
1.6 Subjects Codes and Conditions 6
1.7 Guidelines of Rules and General Conducts of FYP 6
1.8 Selections of FYP Titles 7
1.9 FYP Management 8
1.9.1 Meetings with supervisor(s) 8
1.9.2 Log books 9
1.9.3 Report writings of FYP 9
1.9.4 Penalty 10
1.10 FYP Evaluation 11
1.10.1 Evaluation of FYP report 12
1.10.2 Evaluation of FYP presentation 12
1.11 FYP Presentation 12
1.11.1 Presentation outlines 13
1.11.2 FYP I poster presentation 13
1.11.3 FYP II oral presentation 14
1.12 Submission of Hardcover Report 14
1.13 General Information 15

CHAPTER 2: GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF A FYP REPORT

2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Language 16
2.3 Technical Specifications 16
2.3.1 Number of pages 16
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 2.3.2 Page layout 17
2.3.3 Type of paper 17
2.3.4 Typeface and font size 17
2.3.5 Margins 17
2.3.6 Spacing 17
2.3.7 Pagination 18
2.3.8 Binding 18
2.3.9 Plagiarism review 18

CHAPTER 3: ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENT AND WRITING FORMAT

3.1 Pre-title Page 19
3.2 FYP Report Status Form 19
3.3 Declaration Page 19
3.4 Approval 20
3.5 Abstrak/ Abstract 20
3.6 Dedication 20
3.7 Acknowledgement 20
3.8 Table of Contents 20
3.9 List of Tables 21
3.10 List of Figures 21
3.11 List of Abbreviations/ Notations/ Glossary of Term 21
3.12 Body of the FYP Report 21
3.12.1 Chapter layout 22
3.12.2 Tables 23
3.12.3 Figures 24
3.12.4 Equations 24
3.12.5 Citations 25
3.13 References/ Bibliography 26
3.14 Appendices 29
3.15 List of Publication/ Award 29

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 RULES AND GENERAL CONDUCT

Final Year Project (FYP) is a research-oriented project carried out during final year of
the degree program of Manufacturing Engineering is a part of compulsory components
toward the awarding of Bachelor Degrees.
This guidelines book is intended to outline the important information, rule and
regulation and should be use during the duration of the undertaken project in order to fulfil
the requirements as dictated by Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering (FKP) and University
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM).

1.2 MISSION

To enhance students knowledge and skills in solving academic research issues

scientifically, systematically in order to inculcate future professionals with high positive
values and respected and competent in fulfilling Program Outcome (PO) and Program
Educational Objective set by FKP (please refer to the FKP academic guidebook).

1.3 OBJECTIVES

(a) To enhance students abilities in identifying, examining, collecting data, analysing

and furthermore solving each issue by examinations or scientific researches as well as
gaining students knowledge in manufacturing engineering.
(b) To improve students solving skill in any engineering issues using the proper research
methodology, especially that related to manufacturing problems.
(c) To inculcate students writing skill in preparing FYP reports according to the specific
standard format.
(d) To develop the confidence level and communication skill among students in
presenting their FYP.
(e) To improve students capability more independently with effective supervision in
identifying, discovering and enhancing knowledge in research fields.
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1.4 LEARNING OUTCOMES OF FYP

1.4.1 FYP I

Upon completion of FYP I, students are expected to be able to:

(a) Identify the problem statement, objectives and scope of the project. (K1)
(b) Select an appropriate methodology to solve complex engineering problem based on
the relevant literature review. (K3, CTPS4)
(c) Demonstrate ethical principles, responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.
(EM2)
(d) Demonstrate knowledge and principles of finance and/or project management. (K4.
ES1)
(e) Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities and write effective reports.
(A3, CS4)

1.4.2 FYP II

Upon completion of FYP II, the students should be able to:

(a) Design solutions, systems, components or processes for complex engineering
problems that are sustainable and meet specified requirement. (K5, CTPS4, EM2)
(b) Investigate complex problems using research based knowledge including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to
provide valid conclusions. (K4, P4, CTPS4, TPS)
(c) Demonstrate ethical principles, responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.
(A2, EM2)
(d) Engage in independent and life-long learning activities and acquire basic knowledge
on entrepreneurship. (A2, LL2)
(e) Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities and write effective
reports. (A3, CS4)

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1.5 ADMINISTRATION OF FYP

FYP Committee is an association set up to govern all matters concerning FYP. It has
missions, roles, responsibilities, policy, memberships and its own authorities. All
administrative affairs are operated according to the rules and guidelines as regulated by FKP.
FYP committee is chaired and supervised by the Dean of FKP.

1.6 SUBJECTS CODES AND CONDITIONS

(a) FYP is a two semester duration project based subject, consists of two parts; which are
FYP I and FYP II, as indicated in Table 1
Table 1: Subjects and FYP codes.
Subject Code Credit Hour
FYP I BMFG 4932 2
FYP II BMFG 4924 4

(b) FYP I is registered in semester 7 (fourth year Semester 1). In this semester, students
should complete first stage of the project section consisting of Introduction, Literature
Review and Research Methodology of the registered project.
(c) FYP II is a continuation of research from FYP I, thus, it shall be carried out upon
completion of FYP I. In FYP II, students should completed the results and findings
and propose the conclusion of the registered project.

1.7 GUIDELINES OF RULES AND GENERAL CONDUCTS OF FYP

(a) Students must register their FYP title using the Bachelor Degree Project Title
Form during the first week of Semester 7 (Fourth Year Semester 1).
(b) For students whom repeating (UM) FYP I, they may choose to continue with the same
titles/ supervisors, or undertaken a new titles/ supervisors, by referring to titles offered
by the supervisors (the process is similar to process for new registration) during the
current term.

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 (c) Students whom intend to improve or change the Project Titles for FYP I or FYP II
have to complete Bachelor Project Amendments Form. Any changes have to be
carried out within 3 weeks after the registration date.
(d) Students whom intend to change the project supervisors are required to discuss with
the current supervisors and complete the Bachelor Project Amendments Form.
(e) Student whom failed in FYP II shall repeat the projects by using the same project
titles and supervisor. The repeated subject category (UM) must be used during
registration of subjects at Academic Administration Section (BPA), UTeM.
(f) Student are strictly prohibited to withdraw FYP I and FYP II prior the fifth week.
(g) Nevertheless, student are allowed to withdraw FYP I or FYP II by informing the
supervisors and by completing the withdraw subject form within the time given as
stated by the university (during duration of Week 5 Week 12).
(h) Student whom withdrew their FYP I, their registered title will be cancelled and they
must repeat the procedure stated in (a).
(I) Student whom withdrew from FYP II, they have to continue the research using the
same titles/ supervisors.
(j) For student whom decided to change Titles/ Fields or Supervisor of FYP II, they are
required to repeat the FYP I with a new title in the current semester.
(k) During the implementation of FYP, all students are subjected to the rules and
regulation set by FKP.

1.8 SELECTION OF FYP TITLES

The research title of the FYP must relate to the manufacturing engineering research
field. Please refer to the Table 2 for the details on specific FYP fields. Proposals for the FYP
titles can be forwarded by:

(a) Students of FKP whom register for FYP, or

(b) Lecturers of FKP

The Bachelor Degree Project Title Form must be completed by the supervisor for
approval at department level. All titles accepted at faculty level will be displayed in
FKP/FYP website within 2 weeks prior to the start of the new academic semester.

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 Table 2: Specific FYP fields according to departments.
No. Department Fields
Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing/
1 Manufacturing Design Computer Aided Engineering Systems, Reverse Engineering,
Concurrent Engineering and Product Design and Development.
Robotics, Mechatronics, Control System, Computer Integrated
Manufacturing, Virtual and Reality, Automation System and
2 Robotics and Automation
Work Place Simulation, human-robot interaction and
rehabilitation robotics.
Productivity Improvement (Simulation, Work Measurement,
Manufacturing Ergonomics, Lean), Production and Control (MRP,ERP &
3
Management Inventory), Quality Management (Quality Control, DoE,
TQM), Occupational Safety and Health, Optimization (OR).
Manufacturing Technology, Processes and System, Advanced
4 Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing.
Composite, Material Processing Metallurgy, Advanced
5 Engineering Materials Materials, Ceramic Engineering, Polymer Engineering,
Corrosion, Surface Engineering and Magnetic Materials.

1.9 FYP MANAGEMENT

1.9.1 Meetings with Supervisor(s)

(a) Management and implementation of FYP are the students responsibilities under
supervision of a supervisor/s which begin from the date of registration of the FYP
titles until the bounded reports are delivered.
(b) Management and implementation of FYP by a student must be guided by its title,
objectives, and research scopes. Every student is responsible to clearly understand, in
detail, the tasks that need to be done during the implementation of FYP. Discussions
in early stages are vital in this matter.
(c) Students are required to attend the first meetings with supervisors within the first
week of Semester 7. Students are also recommend to meet and discuss with the
respective supervisors before the semester starts. In addition, weekly meetings are
compulsory. Each student is required to attend a meetings with supervisors with/ or
co-supervisors at least once a week or according to mutual agreements with the
supervisors. Supervisors have the authority to fail or advise students to withdraw their
FYP if they do not fulfil the objectives of the meetings without any reason.

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1.9.2 Log Books

Supervisors have the authority to evaluate students attitudes, performances, efforts,

progress and developments of FYP based on the log book. Following ire the list that need
attention by students:

(a) It is compulsory for each student taking FYP I to own a Log Book which can be
purchased from FKP General Office during the first week of the semester. The Log
Book is a book specifically used to record all activities done by each student during
the period of FYP.
(b) It is compulsory for students to record any activity regarding the progress of the
meeting with supervisor and it must be weekly verified by the supervisors at the end
of each meeting.
(c) Details that need to be recorded/ written in the Log Books are:
I) Titles, objectives and scopes of FYP (in the front section of the Log Books).
ii) List of activities which need to be accomplished during FYP and the details of
the research plans for each semester.
iii) Research methodology which will be or have been done.
iv) Notes, data, results (either experimental observations that have been made) etc.
v) Sketches of experimental apparatus and equipment, early designs and ideas/
facts that may be useful for future references.
vi) Notes or remarks produced from reference books, meetings with supervisors or
anyone who has been referred to.
vii) All records that may be related and useful.
(d) Log Book needs to be submitted to the supervisor in week 10 for evaluation.

1.9.3 Report Writings of FYP

(a) Each student needs to write & produce in detail a technical/ project research report
according to methods, formats or standards of report writing as conformed by FKP.
(b) FYP reports are divided into two sections which are called FYP I Report and FYP II
Report for Semester I (BMFG 4932) and Semester II (BMFG 4924), respectively.
Contents for both reports have to be distinct and separated, but contents of the Final

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 Reports must be the compilations of FYP I and FYP II. FYP II Reports are the
continuation of FYP I and differentiated by contents of chapters.
(c) Planning and establishments of FYP I Reports and FYP II Reports have to be done by
each student, in stages (section by section) in line or according to project/ research
progress. Early discussions, teachings and guidance in providing content for drafts for
each main titles, sub-topics or sections, and chapters are best done between students
and supervisors from time to time prior to actual writings.
(d) Normally, FYP I and FYP II reports need to be submitted to supervisors and
examiners in Week 14 of each semester. Meanwhile, drafts of reports are referred to
supervisors for improvements, a few weeks before. Students are required to make a
correction as proposed by examiners, supervisors and exposition panels prior to
verification from supervisors for hard cover binding.
(e) Supervisors will only sign, once when they are satisfied with the changes of report
contents provided and the suitability of the binding formats after hard cover binding.
(Supervisors are asked to make verifications only after hard cover binding and they
have the rights to ask for adjustments for any unfulfilled matters).

1.9.4 Penalty

(a) Students can be suspended or fail their FYP if they;

i) Fail to deliver FYP reports to supervisors.
ii) Fail to deliver FYP reports to examiners.
iii) Fail to attend FYP presentation / exposition.
iv) Poor attendances and involved in any disciplinary issues.
v) Involve in plagiarizing activity.
(b) FYP I Pindaan.1 2016 form will be used by supervisors who intend to fail the
students.

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1.10 FYP EVALUATION

FYP evaluation is based on the students achievement and ability to fulfil the FYP
throughout the semester. The marking scheme for both FYP I and FYP II are tabulated in
Table 3.

Table 3: Marks distribution for FYP II and FYP II.

No. Examiner Elements of Evaluation Percentage (%)
General Conduct /Log Book 10
1 Supervisor
Report 35
Report 20
2 Examiners 1
Poster/ Presentation 5
Report 20
3 Examiners 2
Poster/ Presentation 5
4 Panel 3 Poster/ Presentation 5
TOTAL 100

(a) Please refer to FKP website (FYP evaluation form) for the details and marking criteria
for the elements in Table 3.
(b) The supervisor will evaluate the report and the general conducts of FYP.
(c) The examiner evaluates the report and presentation of the students.
(d) For FYP titles with co-supervisors, the main supervisor shall fill in the evaluation
forms based on the established consensus.
(e) Students need to submit the Log book (Week 10) and draft of FYP report (Week 13)
to their respective supervisors in every semester.
I) Necessary action shall be taken against students who are unable to submit within
the stipulated time. The exception is only given for health reasons (with justified
proof from doctor / clinic / hospital) or other acceptable reasons.
(g) FYP results may be suspended due to:
I) the FYP hardcover reports submitted by the students DO NOT COMPLY with
the writing format & the regulation standard set by FKP.
ii) The FYP hardcover report is not validated or does not bear the supervisors
signature.
iii) The FYP hardcover report is not submitted on the dateline given by FKP.

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10.1.1 Evaluation of FYP Report

(a) Both FYP I and FYP II reports need to be submitted to the supervisor at the end of
each respective semester. FYP I report should include the introduction of the research
title, problem statement, objectives, project scopes, literature review and research
methodology that covers problem solving methods, equipment and procedures.
(b) FYP II report is a continuation of FYP I report. This report includes all the contents in
FYP I and also the aspects of research results, graphs, charts, diagrams, appendices,
results analysis, discussion, conclusion, recommendation and sustainability element.
(c) Students are encouraged to highlight the potential of commercialization or practical
applications (entrepreneurship elements) of the ongoing project in the FYP II report as
it will be evaluated.
(d) The contents covered in FYP I & FYP II are subjective to the type or nature of the
project itself. Therefore, it is important for each student to obtain a consensus with the
respective supervisors regarding the report contents and planning before the writing
process commences.

10.1.2 Evaluation of FYP Presentation

Presentation is another important aspect of FYP evaluation. It is also a medium for the
faculty to observe and evaluate the students ability and skills to present their project findings
orally and their attitude as a future engineer. The objectives of FYP presentations are:

(a) To train the students in presenting the output and suggestions of a technical or
scientific study orally through successful presentation techniques, speech
communication, and the utilization of audio visual equipment
(b) To create opportunities for other parties other than the respective project supervisors
to exchange ideas and opinions
(c) To build a legion of students that is skilled to present paperwork and ideas confidently
in an ethical manner in front of an audience.

Please refer to the FKP/FYP/POSTER&PRESENTATION forms for the details and

marking criteria on the presentation evaluation. Presentation is COMPULSORY for every

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student at a specific date allocated by FKP. Failure to attend the presentation slot allocated
(without justified reasons) shall result with the FYP grade being suspended.

The FKP FYP Committee holds the right to call back any students for a second
presentation for reasons including unsatisfactory presentation, doubtful project work and
others. The presentation panel consists of three members which is all the examiners decided
by the FKP FYP Committee before the presentation date commences.

1.11 FYP PRESENTATION

1.11.1 Presentation: General Guidelines

(a) The presentation timetable and slots will be uploaded to FKPs FYP website in Week-
14 of the academic week. All the students are required to view the timetable to ensure
important details such as dates, venues and time slot are not being missed out.
(b) The allocated time for each presentation is 20 minutes for every student. This
comprises of 10 minutes of project presentation and the next 10 minutes for the
question and answer session between the panels and the student.
(c) Students must be neat and properly attired for the presentation and complies with the
guidelines of student attire set by UTeM.

1.11.2 FYP I Poster Presentation

The presentation should cover these important criteria:

(a) A brief introduction to the project or research that has been carried out.
(b) Statements of identifying problems related to the scope of the project.
(c) Clear and detailed descriptions of the project / research scope and objectives.
(d) To proposed method of solution that will be carried out to address the problems
stated.
(e) Explanation of work planning and distribution that will be implemented in the current
and the following semester.
(f) A line up of problems faced by students and the possible solutions on how to solve
them.

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1.11.3 FYP II Oral Presentation

The presentation should cover these important criteria:

(a) A brief, compact and overall introduction to the project or research that has been
carried out including the objectives and scope of the project.
(b) Statements about design method or related needs to overcome the problem statements.
(c) To present, debate and discuss the achievements, results and experimental or research
observations.
(d) To analyse, interpret and investigate on the project findings. To compare and relate
the results with previous research.
(e) To summarize how far the obtained results had fulfilled the initial aim and objectives
of the project.
(f) To have concrete conclusions and to suggest related future works to be implemented.

Note:
The criteria given above for both FYP I and FYP II presentation, serve only as guidelines. The
content and arrangement for each project may differ according to the nature or type of the project
that was carried out.

1.12 SUBMISSION OF HARDCOVER REPORT

(a) FYP hardcover report (complete with the supervisors signature) with 2 CD copies of
the report in softcopy format must be submitted to the General Office, FKP in 21 days
after the last date of the project presentation.
(b) As a verification of submission, students need to sign on the validation form provided
by FKP.
(c) The hardcover copy (with a softcopy CD pasted inside the front back cover) is meant
for the Utes library collection.
(d) The other CD serves as a collection for FKP database of FYP project. It is
COMPULSORY for students to use only the provided CD for this purpose.
(e) In cases where an items (a), (b), (c) and (d) are not complied, the FYP results shall be
suspended.

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 (f) Another hardcover copy (with a softcopy CD) MUST be submitted to the supervisor
if students are requested to do so.

1.13 GENERAL INFORMATION

(a) The FKP FYP Committee serves the right to re-evaluate any FYP work that is deemed
necessary based on any specific reasons. The FYP Committee is also entitled to invite
or call upon any academic staffs to re-evaluate the specified FYP report.
(b) The FKP FYP Committee has the authority to suggest suitable actions to be taken
against students involved in any form of misconduct including PLAGIARISM
(c) FKP has the absolute supremacy to make any changes or terminate any parts of this
manual that is deemed necessary from time to time.

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 CHAPTER 2: GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF A FYP REPORT

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This guideline is prepared and designed to assist under-graduate students of Faculty of

Manufacturing Engineering (FKP) in the preparation of their Final Year Project (FYP)
Report. It is the responsibility of each student to ensure that his/her work conforms to the
guidelines set out below. The students are advised to refer closely to this guideline and should
seek clarifications with the FYP Committee Members of FKP on specific matters relating to
the preparation of their FYP report.

2.2 LANGUAGE

The FYP report should be written in English. There should be consistency in the use
of the language, especially the spelling style (American or British), throughout the report.
Roman alphabet should be used unless otherwise required by the discipline.

2.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Printing should be done on a letter-quality or laser printer. Only the original word-
processed copy of a report or its good and clean photocopies will be accepted. The submitted
copy should be free of materials used to correct mistakes such as correcting fluid.

2.3.1 Number of Pages

The number of pages is subject to the study programs and should not exceed 100
pages, excluding tables, figures and appendices. A written permission from Head of FYP
Committee must be obtained if the pages of the report exceed 100 pages. The student should
provide strong justifications to support his/her request.

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2.3.2 Page Layout

The text should be presented in portrait layout. Landscape layout may be used for
figures and table.

2.3.3 Type of Paper

White A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm) paper (80 grams) or paper of equivalent quality
should be used. The student should include an extra blank sheet at the front and back of the
FYP report. Photocopies of the report must also be on similar quality paper.

2.3.4 Typeface and Font Size

The text of the FYP report, including headings, page numbers, must be formatted
using Time New Roman font only. The font size should be a 12-point and should not be
scripted or italicized except for scientific names and terms in a different language. Bold print
may be used for headings. Text in the tables and figures not be lesser than 10-point. The font
size for the tables and figures caption must be 11-point. Meanwhile Footnotes should be 8-
point of the font size.

2.3.5 Margins

The left margin should be at 30 mm (1.18) and the right, top and bottom margins at
25 mm (0.98). Margin specifications are meant to facilitate binding and trimming.

2.3.6 Spacing

The report should only be typed on one side of the page. The text should be typed 1.5-
spaced throughout, including equations, long quotations, appendices, headings, and
subheading. However, legends, captions or keys to tables, figures, or label in a table or figure
should be single-spaced.

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2.3.7 Pagination

All pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the report, including pages
containing tables, figures and appendices, centrally at bottom margin. Page numbers should
appear by themselves and should not be placed in brackets, hyphenated or accompanied by
decoration images. Page numbers should be retained at the centre and bottom of the page (at
portrait layout) even though landscape table and figures are attached.

2.3.8 Binding

Before making the required number of copies and binding the FYP report, the student
need to ensure that the University and FKP requirements for a FYP report has been met and
necessary signatures have been obtained and all of the pages are in the correct order. The
face colour of the hard bound report must be in chilli red (Red-530). A Buckram type cover
must be used and written with golden ink for lettering with font size 18-points, font type
Arial and capitalized. The hardbound cover must contained the title of FYP project, name and
matrix number of the candidate, the university name and year for which the report is
submitted in as attached in appendices.

2.3.9 Plagiarism review

Student shall submit their similarity report produced using Turnitin software to the
main supervisor prior to bind their FYP report. Similarity index below 30 % are required. The
supervisors have the right to take necessary action in the event of similarity index obtained
over 40 %.

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 CHAPTER 3: ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENT AND WRITING FORMAT

3.1 PRE-TITLE PAGE

Title of the FYP report should be as concise as possible, giving an accurate

description of the work. The pre-title page must contain the following;
(a) Logo of UTeM
(b) Title of FYP
(c) Degree for which the FYP report is submitted
(d) Full name of student
(e) Student ID number
(f) Student IC number
(g) Faculty name
(h) Year of submission

Format and sample of the pre-title page is shown in Appendix A1 and Appendix A2,
respectively. Do not number this page. This format should be followed closely.

3.2 FYP REPORT STATUS FORM

The FYP report status form in Bahasa Melayu is shown in Appendix B1. However,
FYP title can be written in English. Student and Supervisor need to classify the FYP report
either as SULIT, TERHAD or TIDAK TERHAD. If the FYP report classified as SULIT or
TERHAD, the official letter need to be submitted to Utes library with strong justification
reasons and period of embargo (Appendix B2). Do not number this page.

3.3 DECLARATION PAGE

This page should contain declaration by the student on the originality of the FYP
report. The declaration should be signed. An example is provided in Appendix C. This page
should not be numbered.

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3.4 APPROVAL

This page should contain approval from the Supervisor. For non-engineering
supervisor, he/she must be signed only as Co-Supervisor. An example is provided in
Appendix D. This page should not be numbered.

3.5 ABSTRAK/ ABSTRACT

Abstract in both Bahasa Melayu and English are mandatory. Abstract is a summary of
the entire FYP report written in one paragraph. The abstract should not exceed one (1)
typewritten 1.5-spaced page. Example can be seen in Appendix E. Number this Page I for
Bahasa Melayu and ii for English.

3.6 DEDICATION

This is an optional page. The dedication only for family appreciation only, must be
brief, not more than one page, doesnt contain any number, chart or photograph. Refer to the
example in Appendix F. The number of this page is iii.

3.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Acknowledgments usually contain written expressions of appreciation for guidance

and assistance received from individuals, institutions, or government bodies. Not more than
one page. An example can be seen in Appendix G. Number this page iv.

3.8 TABLE OF CONTENTS

The table of contents lists in sequence all relevant subdivisions of the FYP report with
their corresponding page number. All chapters and their sub-sections must be labelled and
numbered. The chapters are numbered using Arabic numeric, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and
Chapter 3 and so on. The sub-section are given as follows;
Chapter 2 Title of Chapter
2.1 First level (title of the sub-section)

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 2.1.1 Second level (title of the sub-sub-section)
2.1.1.1 Third level (title of the sub-sub-sub-section)

Student are not encouraged to have more than four levels (title of the sub-sub-sub-
sub-section). Refer to the example in Appendix H. Number this page v.

3.9 LIST OF TABLES

The list shows the exact titles or captions of all tables in the text and appendices,
together with the starting page number of each table, and must be listed in sequence. Refer to
the example in Appendix I. Number this page using roman number.

3.10 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures include graphs, maps, charts, engineering drawings, photographs, sketches,

printed images, and any other forms of illustration that is not a table. The exact titles or
captions and their corresponding page numbers must be listed in sequence. Refer to the
example in Appendix J. Number this page using roman number.

3.11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/NOTATIONS/GLOSSARY OF TERM

If abbreviations and acronyms (e.g. UTeM, FKP, and MOSTI) are used in the FYP
report, they should be listed in the list of Abbreviations section, even though the full names
are given when the terms are first mentioned in the text. This list should be the last item in the
preliminary section. It serves as a ready reference to readers whom are not familiar with the
abbreviations used in the FYP report. Refer to the example in Appendix K1 and K2. Number
this page using roman number.

3.12 BODY OF THE FYP REPORT

The main body of the FYP report is usually arranged into consecutively numbered
chapters. The internal organization of the FYP report is responsibility of the student in
consultation with his/her FYP supervisor(s) in accordance to the format given in section table
of content. The organization will partly depend on the field of study, but the onus is on the

21
student to provide a systematic and well-organized FYP report. As a whole, the font of the
main text should be Times New Roman, font size 12 with 1.5-spacing.

3.12.1 Chapter Layout

The FYP report often includes the following chapter;

Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter introduces the subject matter and problem(s) being studied, and indicates
its importance and validity. The introduction is the first part of FYP report and allows
the readers to get a general idea of what the FYP report is about. Chapter 1 should be
comprised of research background, problem statement, objectives, and research scope.
However, students are allowed (with permission of supervisor) to add another sub
topic such as rational of research, summary of methodology, research question,
hypothesis, and report organization part. Sample of chapter 1 is shown in Appendix L.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

This section encompasses a critical and comprehensive review of the literature related
to the topic of FYP report. It is meant to act as a base for the experimental and
analytical sections of the report. Literature selected must be up to date, and be
analysed and synthesized logically. It is not simply a summary of works of different
authors. It is a critical, analytical summary and synthesis of the current knowledge of
a topic. Thus, it should compare and relate different theories, findings, etc. rather than
just summarize them individually. In additional, it should have a particular focus or
theme to organize the review. The review should give the gist of each book or
pertinent findings of a journal article, explain how it relates to the topic and show why
it is not sufficient to answer the research questions.

Chapter 3: Methodology
This section varies from one FYP report to other depending on the discipline of the
study, and may be absent in theoretical report. It contains a description and
justification of the materials, theoretical approaches, experimental design and
methods (including statistical analysis) used to achieve the stated objectives of the

22
 study undertaken. In engineering this may include, but is not limited to, a description
of the methodology, theoretical development, fundamental philosophical foundation,
experimental design and standard procedure description. The materials and methods
used in the study should be described in detail. This is so that a reader would be able
to replicate the experiment solely with the information contained in this section.

Chapter 4: Result and Discussion

This section presents a complete account of the results obtained in the study in the
form of text, figures, or tables so that the key information is highlighted. Discussion
bridges the data presented or described in the preceding section and contains the
analyses or interpretations of the result obtained, and the conclusions eventually
drawn. The student should discuss these result in relation to the hypotheses or
objectives set out in introduction, and how they fit into existing or current body of
knowledge. The significance and implications of the main findings should be made
clear.

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

This chapter is an important one since it gives an overall significance of the study, and
stresses the findings upon which a conclusion or conclusions are drawn to fulfil the
said objectives in Chapter 1, acknowledgement the limitations, and suggests further
research which may be usefully carried out on the topic.

3.12.2 Tables

Do ensure that each table shown in the FYP report, including those in appendices, is
referred to in the text. A table should be numbered with Arabic numerals throughout the FYP
report. Numbered the table according to a specific chapter, e.g. Table 1.1, Table 1.2 and
Table 1.3 to indicate they belong to Chapter 1, Table 2.1, Table 2.2 and Table 2.3 to Chapter
2, and so on.

Use centre alignment with single spacing for legends, captions of tables with Times
New Roman font, size 11. The captions for tables should be on top to the width of the entire
margin and prevent more than a line caption (set it justified if it exceeds more than a line).

23
The source of the table is to be included in the caption. The gap between titles to the table
line should be single spacing with font size 5. All text or number in the table must be written
using single spacing at font size 10. Sample of caption for a table is shown in Appendix M.

3.12.3 Figures

As with table, ensure that each figure shown in the FYP report, including those in
appendices, is referred to in the text. Figures should be numbered with Arabic numerals
throughout the FYP report. Numbered the figure according to a specific chapter, e.g. Figure
1.1, Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3 to indicate they belong to Chapter 1, Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 and
Figure 2.3 to Chapter 2, and so on.

Use centre alignment with single spacing for legends, captions of figure with Times
New Roman font, size 11. The captions for figure should be below the figure to the width of
the entire margin and prevent more than a line caption (set it justified if it exceeds more than
a line). The source of the figure is to be included in the caption. The gap between titles to the
figure line should be single spacing with font size 5. All text or number in figure must be
written using single spacing at font size 10. Sample of caption for a figure is shown in
Appendix N.

3.12.4 Equations

All equations, whether mathematical and chemical, are considered text are numbered
according to the chapter. If detailed derivation is needed, it is to be placed in an appendix.
Example to write equation as follow;

E = MC2 Equation 3.1

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Equation 3.2

The Equation 3.1 and Equation 3.2 need to be used in text.

24
3.12.5 Citations

Any FYP report which makes use of other works, either in direct quotation or by
reference, must contain a bibliography listing of these source. Only works directly cited or
quoted in the text should be included in the bibliography. FKP follows the APA format
system for literature citation and referencing. References are made by giving the authors last
name together with the year of publication. The ideas and information itself may be written in
one of the following ways, namely by

(a) direct quotation

(b) paraphrasing and
(c) summarising.

In the direct quotation method, the words of the original author are quoted word for
word. The quotation should run into the text with double quotation marks if it is three lines or
less with the end-of-sentence period in the normal place. The authors name is written at the
beginning of the sentence if the emphasis is about the author and at the end if the emphasis is
on the idea. In paraphrasing, the original words are replaced with different words without
altering the meaning of the original information. In summarising, the key points of the
original source is presented in different words without altering the meaning. An example of a
citation that used in text as follows:
Jennisse (2016) stated that..one author

Aziz and Harrison (2015) claimed that. two authors

Yamakura et al. (2017) found that.three and above authors

Chardon (2016a) investigated..if several papers by the same author(s) and from the
same year are cited, the letters a, b, c, etc. should be put after the year of publication.

....the organisation achieves a sustainable competitive advantage (Aaker, 2011; Cady, 2013;
Wright, 2015); hence a structured approach to planning and strategy formulation is advocated
(Baker, 2016).

25
Sutcliffe and Vogus (2013) provided assistance here by suggesting.........., which is according
to Hamel and Prahalad (2014) about....

....staff adhere to contractual arrangements (Reuer et al., 2004; Castelo and Ragozzino, 2006).

...a strategic dimension associated with it (Yuhazri et al., 2007). Indeed, research undertaken
by Yuhazri et al. (2007).

3.13 REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY

At the end of the FYP report, all the references cited are listed in alphabetical order
and should not be indented. There is no need to number or bullet the references. The
bibliography should be 1.5-spacing as with the rest of text Time New Roman using font size
12. Minimum number for references in FYP report is not less than 30 references. Besides,
only 10 % from total number of references from internet/open source are allowed to be used.
An example is provided in Appendix O. The basic APA style format can be used as follow:

(a) Book
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of book in italic. Edition (if have), Place of
publication (must be a town or city, not a country): Publisher.
Example:
Kumar, C., & Huat, B.K. (2011). A handbook for postgraduate supervision. 3rd Ed,
Serdang: UPM Press.
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

(b) Book chapter

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor
& B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.
Example:
O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A
metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender
issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

26
(c) E-books
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of book. [e-books] Place of publication:
Publisher. Followed by Available through: including e-book source/database, web
address or URL [Accessed date].

Example:
Fishman, R. (2005). Ceramic processing. [e-book] Chester: Castle Press. Available
through: University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Library <http://librabry.utem.edu.my>
[Accessed on 14 September 2010].

(d) Article in journal

Author, A.A. (\Year of Publication). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume (Issue),
pp.-pp.
Example:
Yardimcia, A.I., Tanoglub, M., & Selamet, Y. (2013). Development of electrically
conductive and anisotropic gel-coat systems using CNTs. Progress in Organic
Coatings, 76(6), 963-965.
(e) Conference proceedings
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Full title of conference paper. Full title of the
conference in italic, Date of conference, location of the conference held, page number
of paper in proceeding (if have).

Example:
Summerscales, J., Hoppins, C., Anstice, P., Brooks, N., Wiggers, J., Yahathugoda, D.,
Harper, A., Wood, C., & Cooper, M. (2010). In-mould gel coating for resin transfer
moulding, Proceeding of the 10th International Conference on Flow Processes in
Composite Materials, 12-15 July 2010, Monte Verita Ticiono, Switzerland.

(f) Newspaper and non-scientific magazine article

Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Full title of article. Full title of the
newspaper/magazine, Date of publication, page number of the article.

27
 Example:
Norliza, A. (2009). Dua penyelidik UTeM cipta gentian prof kenaf. Berita Harian
Malaysia, 12 November 2009, 25.

(g) Encyclopaedia
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Topic/title of encyclopaedia. Edition or Volume
(if have), Place of publication: Publisher.

Example:
Bergmann, P.G. (2009). Relativity in the new encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol.26,
Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

(h) Government document

Full name of government department that belong to the document. (Year). Topic/title
of document. Document code number (if have), Place of publication: Publisher.

Example:
National Institute of Mental Health. (2009). Clinical training in serious mental illness.
ADM 90-1679, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

(I) Standards
Specific Code of Standards office. (Year). Testing title. Document code number (if
have), Place of publication: Publisher.

Example
ASTM D3039, (2010). Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix
composite materials. Philadelphia: ASTM International Publisher.

(i) Patent
Inventor name, Initials; Assignee. (Year). Title. Patent number. Place of publication:
Publisher.

28
 Example:
Sellers, R.D., Hanger, J.C., Stair, S.V., Ehman, R.A., Anargyros, C.D., & Parry, T.N.;
Andersen Consulting. (1994). Integrated manufacturing system. U.S. Patent No.
5,311,438. Washington: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

(j) Thesis/Dissertation
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of thesis/dissertation. Unpublished (degree
or master or PhD) thesis or dissertation, Name of University, Country.

Example:
Nielsen, M.W. (2012). Prediction of process induced shape distortions and residual
stresses in large fiber reinforced composite laminates. Unpublished PhD dissertation,
Technical University of Denmark. Denmark.

(k) Article from internet/website

Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Retrieved from URL
Example:
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from
http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/

3.14 APPENDICES

This section is optional and will depend on the individual FYP report contents. It
contains supplementary illustrative material, original data, planning chart/ table, quotations
too long for inclusion and not immediately essential to an understanding of the subject.

3.15 LIST OF PUBLICATION/ AWARD

All publications (in journal and proceedings) and award that result from the study
undertaken during a students candidature, and for which the student is the first or principal
author, should be listed clearly an accurately. Do not use these publications as references in
your own FYP report. Evidence need to be attached together after the appendix. An example
is provided in Appendix P.

29
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix A1

equal margin

FYP TITLE (font 14 uppercase, bold)

equal margin

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the University Teknikal 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering
(Type your Departments name here)(Hons.)

equal margin

by

equal margin

STUDENT NAME (font 12 uppercase, bold)

STUDENT ID (font 12 uppercase, bold)
IC NUMBER (font 12 uppercase, bold)

equal margin

FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

30
 Year (font 12 lower case) Appendix A2

25 mm / 0.98

MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF

COMMERCIAL ALUMINUM MESH IN FIBRE REINFORCED LAMINATE
STRUTURES

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the University Teknikal

Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering
(Engineering Materials)(Hons.)

by

NICK MIKAEL BIN SULAIMAN

B071234567
200202-07-7557

FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

2017
31
 Appendix B1

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

Tajuk: MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF

COMMERCIAL ALUMINUM MESH IN FIBRE REINFORCED
LAMINATE STRUTURES

Sesi Pengajian: 2016/2017 Semester 2

Saya NICK MIKAEL BIN SULAIMAN (200202-07-7557)

mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM) ini disimpan di

Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat
kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. *Sila tandakan ()

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan

SULIT
Malaysiasebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/

TERHAD
badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:

___ (tandatangan penulis) ________ ___ (tandatangan penyelia) _______

Alamat Tetap: Cop Rasmi:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Tarikh: _______________________ Tarikh: _______________________
*Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak
berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu
dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.

32
 Appendix B2

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN PEMBUATAN

Tel: +606 331 6429 / Faks: +606 331 6431

Rujukan Kami (Our Ref) : UTeM.

Rujukan Tuan (Your Ref) :

Ketua Pustakawan 11 July 2017

Perpustakaan UTeM Kampus Induk
University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal
Melaka.

Tuan/Puan,

PENGKELASAN LAPORAN PSM SEBAGAI SULIT/TERHAD LAPORAN PROJEK

SARJANA MUDA KEJURUTERAAN PEMBUATAN (BAHAN KEJURUTERAAN):
NICK MIKAEL BIN SULAIMAN

Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Laporan PSM yang tersebut di atas bertajuk Mechanical and
Physical Analysis on the Effect of Commercial Aluminum Mesh in Fibre Reinforced Laminate
Strutures mohon dikelaskan sebagai *SULIT / TERHAD untuk tempoh LIMA tahun dari
tarikh surat ini.

2. Hal ini adalah kerana ianya merupakan projek yang ditaja sepenuhnya oleh syarikat
luar (Nama Syarikat) dan hasil kajiannya adalah sulit.

Sekian dimaklumkan. Terima kasih.

Yang benar,

_________________________
Tandatangan dan Cop Penyelia

NOTA: BORANG INI HANYA DIISI JIKA DIKLASIFIKASIKAN SEBAGAI SULIT DAN
TERHAD. JIKA LAPORAN DIKELASKAN SEBAGAI TIDAK TERHAD, MAKA BORANG INI
TIDAK PERLU DISERTAKAN DALAM LAPORAN PSM.
33
 Appendix C
25 mm / 0.98

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

DECLARATION (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

I hereby, declared this report entitled Mechanical and Physical Analysis on 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
the Effect of Commercial Aluminum Mesh in Fibre Reinforced Laminate Strutures
is the results of my own research except as cited in reference.

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Signature :
Authors Name : NICK MIKAEL BIN SULAIMAN
Date : 1 July 2017

34
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98 Appendix D

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

APPROVAL (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering of Universiti 25 mm / 0.98

30 mm / 1.18
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering (Type your departments name here) (Hons.).
The members of the supervisory committee are as follow:

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

(Principal Supervisor) Signature & Stamp

6 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

(Co-Supervisor) Signature & Stamp

35
25 mm / 0.98
 Appendix E
25 mm / 0.98

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

ABSTRACT (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and study the failure 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
of laminated glass reinforced composite coated with gelcoat of different thickness.
Firstly, the gelcoat was applied to the mould using brush and subsequently, glass fiber
reinforced composite laminates were fabricated on it using vacuum bagging technique.
The mechanical properties of the composites various were tested by using tensile and
three-point flexural tests. The fracture behaviour of different gelcoat thickness was
observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the failure behaviour
that occurred. The flexural test was performed in two ways, i.e., gelcoat layer facing top
and facing down. For both flexural tests, composite coated with 0.30 mm thick of gelcoat
shows the highest mechanical strength. Tensile test is useful to investigate the interfacial
bonding in between gelcoat and laminate composite. The composite coated with 0.40 mm
of gelcoat showed the highest tensile strength, an increase of 38 % compared to the
uncoated composite. It was observed that an increase in gelcoat thickness increased the
brittleness of the laminated composite. From the failure analysis, failures were caused by
the delamination of matrix between the plies, while the gelcoat was still strongly bonded
with composite laminate.

36
25 mm / 0.98
 Appendix F
25 mm / 0.98

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

DEDICATION (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Only 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
my beloved father, Elbert Einstein
my appreciated mother, Salena Gomez
my adored sister and brother, Nabil and Rossa
for giving me moral support, money, cooperation, encouragement and also understandings
Thank You So Much & Love You All Forever

37
25 mm / 0.98
 Appendix G
25 mm / 0.98

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

In the name of ALLAH, the most gracious, the most merciful, with the highest 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
praise to Allah that I manage to complete this final year project successfully without
difficulty.

My respected supervisor, Dr. Mohd Yuhazri Bin Yaakob CEng for the great
mentoring that was given to me throughout the project. Besides that, I would like to
express my gratitude to my beloved co-supervisor, Ir. Hasoloan Haery Ian Pieter for their
kind supervision, advice and guidance as well as exposing me with meaningful
experiences throughout the study.

Last but not least, I would like to give a special thanks to my best friends who gave
me much motivation and cooperation mentally in completing this report especially to,
Steve Jobs for permission using equipments, Stephen Hawking for scientific advice, and
Bill gates for financial support. They had given their critical suggestion and comments
throughout my research. Thanks for the great friendship.

Finally, I would like to thank everybody who was important to this FYP report, as
well as expressing my apology that I could not mention personally each one of you.

38
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix H

TABLE OF CONTENT (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Abstrak I 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
List of Abbreviations xii
List of Symbols xii
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Sub-title 1
1.2 Sub-title 5
1.2.1 Sub-sub-title 7
1.2.1.1 Sub-sub-sub-title 10
1.3 Sub-title 13
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sub-title 15
2.1.1 Sub-sub-title 17
2.1.1.1 Sub-sub-sub-title 19
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

REFERENCES 81
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
APPENDICES
A Gantt Chart of FYP I 93
B Gantt Chart of FYP II 94
C List of Respondents 95
D List of Publication Published 97
39
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix I

LIST OF TABLES (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

2.1 Properties of commercially high strength fiber 16 25 mm / 0.98

30 mm / 1.18
2.2 Advantage of fiber (a) synthetic, (b) natural 21
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

3.1 Technical data of polyester resin 37

3.2 Comparison properties between (a) latex, (b) thermoset, (c) thermoplastic 43
3.3 Properties of E-glass 45
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
4.1 Control samples 53
4.2 Alternative stacking sequence effect 55

40
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix J

LIST OF FIGURES (font 16 uppercase, bold)

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

2.1 Properties of commercially high strength fiber 16 25 mm / 0.98

30 mm / 1.18
2.2 Advantage of fiber (a) synthetic, (b) natural 21
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

3.1 Technical data of polyester resin 37

3.2 Comparison properties between (a) latex, (b) thermoset, (c) thermoplastic 43
3.3 Properties of E-glass 45
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
4.1 Control samples 53
4.2 Alternative stacking sequence effect 55

41
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix K1

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (font 16 uppercase, bold)

2 tabs 3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

gap

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials 25 mm / 0.98

30 mm / 1.18
CVD - Chemical Vapour Deposition
SOP - Standard Operation Procedure
VARTM - Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding

2 tab
gap

42
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix K2

LIST OF SYMBOLS (font 16 uppercase, bold)

2 tabs 3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

gap

- Stress 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
vl. % - Volume Percentage
wt. % - Weight Percentage
C - Degree Celsius
kN - Kilo Newton
GPa - Giga Pascal
gr. - Grain

1 tab
gap

43
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98 Appendix L

3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

CHAPTER 1 (font 16 uppercase, bold)

INTRODUCTION (font 14 uppercase, bold) 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

A composite material is a macroscopic blending of two or more distinctive

materials which having a conspicuous interface between them.

2 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

1.1 Sub-Title (font 13 capitalize each word, bold)

1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

According to Shirazi (2012), by consolidating essential material, composites can be

intended to provide structural properties and also as additional fundamen. (all text justify)

2 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

1.1.1 Sub-sub-title (font 12 sentence case, bold)

1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

The gelcoat applied is to guarantee a smooth external surface and for the assurance
of fibers from immediate exposure to the environment. (all text justify)

2 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

1.1.1.1 Sub-sub-sub-title (font 12 lowercase, bold)

1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Based on the research above, the previous studies have generally concentrate on
the performance of gelcoat as the protective layer for laminate composite (all text justify)
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

(a) The effect of gelcoat and thickness on the laminate composite strength.
(I) the interface between the gelcoat and laminated composite after.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

However, there are only few studies are mentioned on the gelcoat thickness used, but not
specified on it for
44
25 mm / 0.98
 25 mm / 0.98
Appendix M

A primer gel coat is a specialized gel coat designed to protect the exterior of a
composite product and is painted after the product is removed from the mould. Table 2.2
show the different gelcoat thickness use by the previous researcher in different
application.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Table 2.2: Variation of gelcoat thickness in previous research. (font 11, single-spacing)
(This Gap is single spacing, font 5)

Gel coat Layers

Application References
Thickness (mm) Applied
0.30 to 0.56 West System Brand
Fiberglass boat -
(2008)
Transport applications, chemical Text/number in table Summerscales et al.
0.50 -
plant, renewable energy, pipelines font 10, single-spacing (2010)
Makarov and
Plastic pipes 0.20 to 0.50 -
Sinelnikova (2011)
Glass fibre reinforced polyester BUFA Gelcoat Plus
200 to 600 2
resin moulded Corp (2008)
thick section 0.76
Invention hybrid resins 2 Bauchet et al. (2014)
thin section 0.38
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
Derek et al. (2013) explain gel coating process is apply the epoxy or polyester type
gelcoat material to provide a high-quality finish on the visible surface of a fibre-
reinforced composite material.

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Appendix N

Factors to be considered for better understanding of the interface include type and
extent of bonding between fibre and matrix, wetting of fibre by matrix, load transfer
across the interface and so on. Figure 2.11 shows the schematic representation of
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Bulk matrix

Matrix of different properties

Text/number in figure
font 10, single-spacing
Thermal chemical,
mechanical environment

Surface material

Bulk material

(This Gap is single spacing, font 5)

Figure 2.11: Schematic representation of fibre/matrix interface (Mishra and Sahu, 2014).

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2.11 Performances of Laminated Composite Cover by Gelcoat

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As highlighted by Nguyen et al. (2013), the potential use of fibre reinforced

polymer composites in modern faade systems, with a special focus on their fire
performance. Gelcoat covering the surface of the thermoset composites. The gelcoat also
provides a smooth and uniform appearance for the composite facade. The current
pressing issue that prevents the application of FRPCs in facade systems lies in their fire
performance.

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Appendix O

REFERENCES (font 16 uppercase, bold)

1 tab 3 rows, font 12, 1.5 spacing

gap

Aydin, B., & Ceylan, A. (2009). A research analysis on employee satisfaction in terms of 25 mm / 0.98
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organizational culture and spiritual leadership. Journal of Business and
Management, 4(3), 159-168.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

Lau, S.T., Said, M.R., & Yuhazri, M.Y. (2012). On the effect of geometrical designs and
failure modes in composite axial crushing: A literature review. Composite
structures, 94(3), 803-812.

Malik, A.A., Yaacob, N., & Radzi, A.A. (2013). The effect of bi-carbon black (n660 &
n774) in polyester resin matrix for marine composite structure. Proceeding of the
International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 7-8
December 2013, Phuket, Thailand, 110-112.

Mishra, S. (2014). Effects of thermal spikes on hygrothermally and ultraviolet radiation

treated fibre reinforced polymer composites. Unpublished degree thesis, National
Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.

Plessis, H.D. (2013). Fiberglass boats: construction, gel coat, stressing, blistering,
repair, maintenance. 5th Edition, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Salleh, M.S. (2016). Microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed alloys.

Retrieved October 13, 2016, from http://www.journal.com/.

Scheirs, J. (2009). A Guide to Polymeric Geomembranes: A Practical Approach. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 260-266.

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 25 mm / 0.98 Appendix P

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LIST OF PUBLICATION AND AWARDS (font 16 uppercase, bold)

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Journal 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
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(a) Mikeal, N.S., Qian, L.Q., Zhaoa, J.C., & Zhao, B. (2016). Fatigue life prediction of
a rubber mount based on test of material properties and finite element analysis.
Engineering Failure Analysis, 16(7), 2304-2310.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing

(b) Mikeal, N.S., Sommer, I., Kunz, P.M., & Gokel, F. (2012). Preparation of bio-based
films and coatings by spraying of native, fibrous and viscous collagen suspensions.
Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 6(1) 75-85.

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Conference Proceeding

(a) Mikeal, N.S., Sumaila, M., Amber, I., & Bawa, M. (2013). Effect of fibre length on
the physical and mechanical properties of random oriented, nonwoven short banana
(musa balbisiana) fiber9 /epoxy composite. Proceeding of the Asia Conference on
Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 8-9 October 2013, Wuhan, China, 11-17.

Award

(a) Mikeal, N.S., & Yuhazri, M.Y. (2017). GOLD madel for Strongets Submarine
Prototype. 37 International R&D Expo. 15-20 November 2016. Rio De Janeiro,
Brasil.

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