Module 3 Gas Turbine

MODULE-III --- GAS POWER CYCLE APPLIED THERMODYYNAMICS 2014
VTU-NPTEL-NMEICT
Project Progress Report
The Project on Development of Remaining Three Quadrants to NPTEL
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Phase-I under grant in aid NMEICT, MHRD, New Delhi
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Subject Matter Expert Details
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Dr.A.R.ANWAR KHAN
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SME Name : Prof & H.O.D
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Dept of Mechanical Engineering
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Course Name: Applied Thermodynamics

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Type of the web

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Course
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Module 3
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
RAMANARAM -562159
Dr A.R Anwar Khan, Prof & HOD, GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM
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CONTENTS
Sl.
DISCRETION
No.
1.
Quadrant -2
a. Animations.
b. Videos.
c. Illustrations.
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2.
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Quadrant -3
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a. Wikis.
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b. Open Contents
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3.
Quadrant -4
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a. Problems.
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b. Assignments
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c. Self Assigned Q & A.
d. Test your Skills.
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Module-3
GAS POWER CYCLE
UADRANT-2
Animations
(Animation links related ,Gas Power Cycle)
1.Thermodynamic Power Cycles:
http://www-old.me.gatech.edu/energy/brett/four.htm
2. Gas Power Cycles:
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http://sounak4u.weebly.com/gas-power-cycle.html
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3. Gas Turbine Power Cycles:
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http://www.freestudy.co.uk/thermodynamics/t3201.pdf
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4. Thermodynamic Cycle:
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle C
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5. Gas Power Cycles:
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https://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/MechEngThermodyn/Gas+Power+Cycles
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Videos
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(Animation links related , Gas Power Cycle)

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1.Introduction to Gas power cycles:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiTiLfR5kDg
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2. Carnot Cycle:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhooEaJhMyQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAfBSJObd6Y
3. Carnot Engine:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJlmRT4E6R0
4. Gas Turbine Animation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBdUcGYo7XA
5. Failure of gas Turbine:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTWdzpwvs7k
6. Gas Turbine Power Plant:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9q80sSHxKM
7. Working of Otto Cycle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJVCdTL0zGI
8. Working of Diesel Cycle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dH7CrxaF_XY
9. Working of Sterling cycle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNc6R0FV4Ww
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrArmbBIe5Q
10. p-v diagram:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wtgJkhYPqQ
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11. T-s diagram:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10q0akdZ7QQ
12. Regenerative gas turbine cycle:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSgwIMVI9ew
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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1) The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle engine is 6.2:1. The pressure and temperature at
the beginning of the compression are 1 bar & 280C. Heat added during the constant volume is
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1250 Kj/Kg. Determine the peak pressure and temperature, work output per Kg of air and air
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standard efficiency. Assume Cv= 0.717 Kj/Kg K and = 1.4.

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Data: P1=100 KPa, T1=301 K, Qs=1250 Kj/Kg,

Process 1-2: adiabatic process
P2=1286.31 KPa
T2 = 624.4K
Heat supply Qs =
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T3=2305.01K
Process 2-3:
P3=4748.6 KPa
Process 3-4:
T4=1111.0 K
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Heat rejection Qr= =
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Qr=580.77 Kj/Kg
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Work output, Wnet = (Qs-Qr)
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Wnet= 624.23 Kj/Kg
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Efficiency =
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Efficiency = 51.8%
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2) In an air standard diesel cycle the compression ratio is 16. At the beginning of isentropic
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compression the temperature is 150C and pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the
temperature reaches to 14800C. Calculate i) cut off ratio, ii) heat supply per Kg of air, iii) cycle
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efficiency, iv) work done per Kg of air, v) MEP.

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Data : T1=288K, P1=100KPa, T3=1753K, compression ratio r =16

Process 1-2: adiabatic
process
P2=4850.29 KPa
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T2 = 873.05K
Heat supply Qs =
Qs = 884.34 Kj/Kg
Process 2-3:
Cut off ratio = =2
Process 3-4:
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T4=763.03 K
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Qr=341.07 Kj/Kg
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Wnet= 543.28 Kj/Kg

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Efficiency =
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Efficiency = 61.43%
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MEP =
Apply gas law: P1V1= mRT 1
Specific volume at 1, v1 = = (R T 1 / T 1) = 0.826 m3/Kg
P2V2= mRT 2
Specific volume at 2, v2 = = (R T 2 / p 2) = 0.00516 m3/Kg
specific swept volume Vs= ( v1-v2) = 0.7744 m3/Kg
MEP = 701.54 KPa
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3) An air standard dual cycle uses one Kg of air and has a compression ratio of 14. The pressure
and temperature at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and 300C respectively. The
temperature at the end of constant volume and constant pressure heat addition are 12000C and
15000C respectively. Calculate heat supply, net work done, efficiency. Take Cp=1.01 Kj/Kg K
and Cv= 0.716 Kj/Kg K.
Data :m=1 Kg, P1=100 KPa, T1=303K, T3=1473K, T4= 1773K, = 1.4
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T2 = 870.75K
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Process 3-4:
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Cut off ratio = =1.2

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=
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T5 = 663.63K
Heat supply: Qs= (heat supply in 2-3 ) + ( heat supply in 3-4 process)
Qs= cv (T3-T2) + cp (T4-T3)
Qs=734.21 Kj/Kg
Heat rejection: Qr= cv (T5-T1)
Qr= 258.21 Kj/Kg
Wnet= (Qs-Qr)
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Wnet = 476 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
Efficiency = 64.84%
4) A striling regenerative engine working between the temperature of 4000C and 150C. Ratio of
isothermal expansion is 3. Calculate) ideal efficiency, ii) when the efficiency of regenerator is
0.8, calculate efficiency of the engine. Take cp= 0.2375 Kj/Kg K and cv=0.1691 Kj/Kg K.
Data: TH=673K, TL=298K, r= = = 3, R= cp - cv = 0.0684 Kj/Kg K,

Regenerative efficiency = 0.8
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Case (i) ideal efficiency

Heat supply: Qs= R TH (ln(r))
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Qs=50.57 Kj/Kg
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Heat rejection: Qr= R TL (ln(r))

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Qr= 21.64 Kj/Kg
Wnet= (Qs-Qr)
Wnet = 28.92 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
Efficiency = 75.2%
Case (ii) the efficiency of regenerator is 0.8

Heat supply: Qs= R TH (ln(r))+ (1- )cv(TH-TL)
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Qs=63.25 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
Efficiency = 45.5%.
5) A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum cycle temperature of 610 0C. The
isentropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine are 0.8 and 0.82 respectively. Calculate the
power output, when the air enters the compressor at 150C at the rate of 16 Kg/Sec. Take =1.4 &
cp=1.005 Kj/Kg k for compression, =1.333 & cp=1.11 Kj/Kg k for expansion.
Data: T1=288K, T3=883K, = 6, comp=0.8, turb=0.8, =1.4 & cp=1.005 Kj/Kg k for compression,
=1.333 & cp=1.11 Kj/Kg k for expansion,
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Procee 1-2: Adiabatic

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= 1.67
compressor work input, Wcomp=Cp (T2-T1)
T2 = 481 K Wcomp=242.2 Kj/Kg
Also, Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4)
comp=(T2-T1) / (T2-T1) Wturb= 290.4 Kj/Kg
T2 = 529 K Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 48.2 Kj/Kg
Procee 3-4: Adiabatic Power, P=(mx Wnet) = 771.2 Kw.
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= 1.565
T4 = 564 K
Also,
turb=(T3-T4) / (T3-T4)
T4 = 621.4 K
6) In an air standard regenerative gas turbine cycle the pressure ratio is 5. Air enters the compressor at
1 bar and 300 K and leaves at 490 K. the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000 K. calculate
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the cycle efficiency, given that efficiency of regenerator and adiabatic efficiency of turbine are each
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80%. Assume for air, = 1.4.
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Data: P1=100KPa, T1=300K, T2=490, T3=1000K, =5= , turbine=0.8, =0.8,
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= 1.5838
T4 = 631.4 K
Also,
turb=(T3-T4) / (T3-T4)
T4 = 705 K
Effectiveness of heat exchanger = (T5-T2) / (T4-T2)
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T5 = 662 K
Compressor work input, Wcomp=Cp (T2-T1) = 190.9 Kj/Kg
Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4) = 296.5 Kj/Kg

Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 105.6 Kj/Kg
Heat supply Qs = Cp (T3-T5) = 339.7 Kj/Kg
Cycle efficiency, cycle= = 31%.
7) The pressure ratio of an open cycle gas turbine power plant is 5.6. Air is taken at 1 bar and 30 0 C.
The compression is carried out in two stages with perfect intercooling in between. The maximum
temperature in the cycle is limited to 7000C. Assuming the isentropic efficiency of each compressor
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as 85% and that of turbine is 90%, determine the power developed and cycle efficiency, if air flow
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is 1.2 Kg/Sec. Mass of fuel may be neglected and assume that cp=1.02 Kj/Kg K and = 1.41.
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Data: T1=303K, P1=100 KPa, T5=973K, (P4/P1)=5.6, turbine=0.9, comp=0.85, ma=1.2 Kg/Sec,
cp=1.02 Kj/Kg K and = 1.41.
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Pressure ratio in each stage of
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compressor
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, = = 2.366
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Process 1-2: Adiabatic
= 1.284
T2 = 389.23 K = T4
Also,
comp=(T2-T1) / (T2-T1)
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T2 = 404.44 K = T4
Work input to 2 stage of compressor, Wcomp= 2 x m x Cp (T2-T1) = 248.32 Kw
Process 5-6: Adiabatic
= 1.5838
T6 = 589.7 K
Also,
turb=(T5-T6) / (T5-T6)
T6 = 628 K
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Turbine work, Wturb= m x Cp (T5-T6) = 422.28 Kw
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Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 173.96 Kw
Heat supply Qs = m x Cp (T5-T4) = 695.92 Kw
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QUADRANT-3
Wikis:
(This includes wikis related to Gas Power Cycle contains practical application and research trends in
gas power cycle)
1.http://au.search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=AwrSbmIWGN5SjjoAgqa7HAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTE1bnFoNmUxB
HNlYwNzcgRwb3MDMQRjb2xvA2dxMQR2dGlkA1ZJUElOMDJfNzQ/SIG=131jqsvjt/EXP=13903
15670/**http%3a//highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0072884959/240292/Chapter09.ppt
2. Otto Cycle:
http://www.powershow.com/view/109acf-
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ZDk5O/The_Otto_and_Dual_Engine_Cycles_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
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List of Questions (FAQ):
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3.Vapor power cycle:
http://www.powershow.com/view/109b32-
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ZGI1Y/Vapor_Power_Cycles_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
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Open Contents:
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(This includes wikis related to introduction to Gas power cycle contains practical application and
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research trends)
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1. Modern Engineering Thermodynamics By Robert T. Balmer / Chapter -13 / Vapor and Gas power
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cycles / Pages-447 to 525

2.Engineering Thermodynamics By P. K. Nag / Chapter-13 / Gas Power Cycles / Pages-482 to
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540
3. Thermal Engineering By R.K. Rajput / Chapter-21 / Gas Power Cycles / Pages-932 to 1003
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QUADRANT-4
Problems
1) The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle engine is 6.2:1. The pressure and temperature at
the beginning of the compression are 1 bar & 280C. Heat added during the constant volume is 1250
Kj/Kg. Determine the peak pressure and temperature, work output per Kg of air and air standard
efficiency. Assume Cv= 0.717 Kj/Kg K and = 1.4.
Data: P1=100 KPa, T1=301 K, Qs=1250 Kj/Kg,

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P2=1286.31 KPa
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T2 = 624.4K
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Heat supply Qs =
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T3=2305.01K
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Process 2-3:
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P3=4748.6 KPa
Process 3-4:
T4=1111.0 K
Qr=580.77 Kj/Kg
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Wnet= 624.23 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
Efficiency = 51.8%
2) In an air standard diesel cycle the compression ratio is 16. At the beginning of isentropic
compression the temperature is 150C and pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the temperature
reaches to 14800C. Calculate i) cut off ratio, ii) heat supply per Kg of air, iii) cycle efficiency, iv)
work done per Kg of air, v) MEP.
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Data : T1=288K, P1=100KPa, T3=1753K, compression ratio r =16
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P2=4850.29 KPa
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T2 = 873.05K
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Heat supply Qs =
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Qs = 884.34 Kj/Kg
Process 2-3:
Cut off ratio = =2
Process 3-4:
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T4=763.03 K
Qr=341.07 Kj/Kg
Wnet= 543.28 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
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Efficiency = 61.43%
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MEP =
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Apply gas law: P1V1= mRT 1
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Specific volume at 1, v1 = = (R T 1 / T 1) = 0.826 m3/Kg
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P2V2= mRT 2
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Specific volume at 2, v2 = = (R T 2 / p 2) = 0.00516 m3/Kg

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specific swept volume Vs= ( v1-v2) = 0.7744 m3/Kg

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MEP = 701.54 KPa
3) An air standard dual cycle uses one Kg of air and has a compression ratio of 14. The pressure
and temperature at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and 300C respectively. The temperature
at the end of constant volume and constant pressure heat addition are 12000C and 15000C
respectively. Calculate heat supply, net work done, efficiency. Take Cp=1.01 Kj/Kg K and Cv=
0.716 Kj/Kg K.
Data :m=1 Kg, P1=100 KPa, T1=303K, T3=1473K, T4= 1773K, = 1.4
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c t
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T2 = 870.75K
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Process 3-4:
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Cut off ratio = =1.2
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=
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T5 = 663.63K
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Heat supply: Qs= (heat supply in 2-3 ) + ( heat supply in 3-4 process)
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Qs= cv (T3-T2) + cp (T4-T3)
Qs=734.21 Kj/Kg
Heat rejection: Qr= cv (T5-T1)
Qr= 258.21 Kj/Kg
Wnet= (Qs-Qr)
Wnet = 476 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
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Efficiency = 64.84%
4) A striling regenerative engine working between the temperature of 4000C and 15 0C. Ratio of
isothermal expansion is 3. Calculate) ideal efficiency, ii) when the efficiency of regenerator is 0.8,
calculate efficiency of the engine. Take cp= 0.2375 Kj/Kg K and cv=0.1691 Kj/Kg K.
Data: TH=673K, TL=298K, r= = = 3, R= cp - cv = 0.0684 Kj/Kg K,

Regenerative efficiency = 0.8
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Case (i) ideal efficiency

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Heat supply: Qs= R TH (ln(r))

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Qs=50.57 Kj/Kg
Heat rejection: Qr= R TL (ln(r))
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Qr= 21.64 Kj/Kg

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Wnet= (Qs-Qr)
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Wnet = 28.92 Kj/Kg

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Efficiency =
Efficiency = 75.2%
Case (ii) the efficiency of regenerator is 0.8

Heat supply: Qs= R TH (ln(r))+ (1- )cv(TH-TL)
Qs=63.25 Kj/Kg
Efficiency =
Efficiency = 45.5%.
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5) A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum cycle temperature of 610 0C. The
isentropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine are 0.8 and 0.82 respectively. Calculate the
power output, when the air enters the compressor at 150C at the rate of 16 Kg/Sec. Take =1.4 &
cp=1.005 Kj/Kg k for compression, =1.333 & cp=1.11 Kj/Kg k for expansion.
Data: T1=288K, T3=883K, = 6, comp=0.8, turb=0.8, =1.4 & cp=1.005 Kj/Kg k for compression,
=1.333 & cp=1.11 Kj/Kg k for expansion,
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= 1.67 compressor work input, W comp=Cp (T2-T1)

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T2 = 481 K Wcomp=242.2 Kj/Kg

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Also, Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4)
comp=(T2-T1) / (T2-T1) Wturb= 290.4 Kj/Kg
T2 = 529 K Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 48.2 Kj/Kg
Procee 3-4: Adiabatic Power, P=(mx Wnet) = 771.2 Kw.
= 1.565
T4 = 564 K
Also,
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turb=(T3-T4) / (T3-T4)
T4 = 621.4 K
6) In an air standard regenerative gas turbine cycle the pressure ratio is 5. Air enters the compressor at
1 bar and 300 K and leaves at 490 K. the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000 K. calculate
the cycle efficiency, given that efficiency of regenerator and adiabatic efficiency of turbine are each
80%. Assume for air, = 1.4.
Data: P1=100KPa, T1=300K, T2=490, T3=1000K, =5= , turbine=0.8, =0.8,
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= 1.5838
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Pr
T4 = 631.4 K
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Also,
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turb=(T3-T4) / (T3-T4)
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T4 = 705 K
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Effectiveness of heat exchanger = (T5-T2) / (T4-T2)

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T5 = 662 K
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Compressor work input, Wcomp=Cp (T2-T1) = 190.9 Kj/Kg

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Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4) = 296.5 Kj/Kg

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Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 105.6 Kj/Kg

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Heat supply Qs = Cp (T3-T5) = 339.7 Kj/Kg
7) The pressure ratio of an open cycle gas turbine power plant is 5.6. Air is taken at 1 bar and 30 0 C.
The compression is carried out in two stages with perfect intercooling in between. The maximum
temperature in the cycle is limited to 7000C. Assuming the isentropic efficiency of each compressor
as 85% and that of turbine is 90%, determine the power developed and cycle efficiency, if air flow
is 1.2 Kg/Sec. Mass of fuel may be neglected and assume that cp=1.02 Kj/Kg K and = 1.41.
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Data: T1=303K, P1=100 KPa, T5=973K, (P4/P1)=5.6, turbine=0.9, comp=0.85, ma=1.2 Kg/Sec,
cp=1.02 Kj/Kg K and = 1.41.
Pressure ratio in each stage of

compressor, =
= 2.366
= 1.284
T2 = 389.23 K = T4
ct
Also,
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comp=(T2-T1) / (T2-T1)
Pr
T2 = 404.44 K = T4
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Work input to 2 stage of compressor, Wcomp= 2 x m x Cp (T2-T1) = 248.32 Kw
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= 1.5838
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T6 = 589.7 K
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Also,
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turb=(T5-T6) / (T5-T6)
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T6 = 628 K
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Turbine work, Wturb= m x Cp (T5-T6) = 422.28 Kw

Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 173.96 Kw
Heat supply Qs = m x Cp (T5-T4) = 695.92 Kw
Page 21 of 28
Frequently asked Questions.

(1) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Otto cycle.
(2) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Diesel cycle.
(3) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Dual cycle.
(4) What are the drawbacks of Carnot cycle?
(5) Derive an expression for efficiency of Bryton cycle in terms of pressure ratio.
(6) Derive an expression for pressure ratio for maximum specific work output of Bryton cycle.
(7) Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles for same compression ratio.
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(8) Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles for same maximum pressure and temperature.
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(9) Explain the methods of improving the efficiency of Bryton cycle.
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(10) Two engines are operates on Otto and Diesel cycle with the following date. Maximum temperature
1400K, exhaust temperature 700K. At the beginning of compression air at 0.1MPa, 300K. Estimate the
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compression ratio, the maximum pressure, cycle efficiency and rate of work output (for 1 Kg/Sec of
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air) of the respective cycle.
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(11) The minimum pressure and temperature of an air standard Carnot cycle are 1 bar and 15 0C respectively.
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The pressure after isothermal compression is 3.5 bar and the pressure after isentropic compression is
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10.5bar. determine i) efficiency, ii) M.E.P., iii) power developed if engine takes 2 cycles per sec.
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(12) A gas turbine plant draws in air at 1.013bar and 10 0C and has a pressure ratio of 5.5. The maximum
temperature in the cycle is limited to 7500C. Compressor, turbine and heat exchanger isentropic
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efficiencies are 82%, 85% and 70% respectively. For an air flow of 40 Kg/sec, find i) overall
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efficiency, ii) Turbine output, iii) Air- fuel ratio if the calorific value of fuel is 45.22 MJ/Kg.
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Assignments:
1) A Carnot engine rejects heat to the sink at 320C and has a thermal efficiency of 52.3%. the
work output from the engine is 120 Kj, determine i) maximum temperature of the engine, ii)
heat added, iii) change in entropy during heat supply.
Solution: T l=305K,W net=120 Kj, efficiency=52.3%
For Carnot cycle, Efficiency= [Th/ ( T h-Tl)]

i)Maximum temperature of the engine T h = 639.41 K
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Also,efficiency = [Wnet / heat added]
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ii)Heat added = 229.44 K
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iii)Change in entropy, (dS) [heaty added / Th]
Therefore, dS=0.358 Kj/ Kg K
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2) An engine working on Otto cycle has a volume of 0.45 m3, pressure 1 bar, and temperature
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300C at the beginning of compression. At the end of compression stroke pressure is 11 bar. 210
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Kj / cycle heat is added at constant volume. Determine
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i) temperature and pressure at all silent points ii) % clearance, iii) cycle efficiency
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iv) net work / cycle, v) M.E.P, vi) ideal power developed if number of working cycle is 210
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per minutes.
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Answers: i) temperature and pressure at all silent points T1=303K, T2= 601.6K, T3=
1167.35K, T4= 587.9K, P1=100KPa, P2=1100 KPa, P3= 2134.44 KPa, P4=193.49 KPa ii) %
-N
clearance 21.95%, iii) cycle efficiency 49.43%,

iv) net work / cycle -104.25 Kj/cycle, v) M.E.P,-282.52 KPa, vi) ideal power developed if
U
number of working cycle is 210 per minutes-364.89 KW.

VT
3) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Otto cycle.

4) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Diesel cycle.
5) Derive an expression for thermal efficiency of an air standard Dual cycle.
Page 23 of 28
Self Answered Question & Answer

(1) In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16. At the beginning of isentropic
compression, the temperature is 150C and pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the temperature at
the end of the constant pressure process is 14800C. calculate i) cut-off ratio, ii) heat supply per Kg of
air, iii) cycle efficiency and iv) M.E.P.
Answers : cut-off ratio- 2.01, heat supply per Kg of air 884.4 Kj/Kg, cycle efficiency 61.2%,
M.E.P.- 698.45 KPa
c t
(2) Two engines are operates on Otto and Diesel cycle with the following date. Maximum temperature
o je
1400K, exhaust temperature 700K. At the beginning of compression air at 0.1MPa, 300K. Estimate the
Pr
compression ratio, the maximum pressure, cycle efficiency and rate of work output (for 1 Kg/Sec of
T
air) of the respective cycle. C
EI
Answers : For Otto cycle: Compression ratio-5.656, the maximum pressure 2.639 bar, cycle
M
efficiency 49.9%, rate of work output 287.22 Kw.

- N
For Diesel cycle: Compression ratio-10.36, the maximum pressure 2.639 MPa, cut off ratio
EL
- cycle efficiency 55%, rate of work output 351.68 Kw

PT
(3) The minimum pressure and temperature of an air standard Carnot cycle are 1 bar and 150C respectively.
-N
The pressure after isothermal compression is 3.5 bar and the pressure after isentropic compression is
U
10.5bar. determine i) efficiency, ii) M.E.P., iii) power developed if engine takes 2 cycles per sec.
VT
Answers : efficiency 26.85%, M.E.P. 0.529 bar, power developed 76 Kw.
(4) A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Bryton cycle with air as the working fluid
delivers 32 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 900 K,
and the pressure of the air at the compressor exit is 8 times the value at the compressor inlet. Assume
an isentropic efficiency of 80% for the compressor and 86% for turbine; determine the mass flow rate
of air through the cycle.
Answers:
Page 24 of 28
5) A Stirling regenerative engine working between the temperature of 400 0C and 150C. Ratio of
isothermal expansion is 3. Calculate 1) ideal efficiency 2) when the efficiency of the regenerative is
0.8, calculate efficiency of the engine. Take Cp= 0.2375 Kj / Kg K and Cv = 0.1691 Kj / Kg K
Answers: Ideal efficiency 57.2%, when the efficiency of the regenerative is 0.8
efficiency of the engine 45.5%
6) Air standard limited pressure cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and compression begins at 0.1
MPa and 400C. the maximum pressure is limited to 6 MPa and heat added is 1.675 Mj / Kg. calculate
heat supply at constant volume per Kg of air, heat supply at constant pressure per Kg of air, work
c t
done, cycle efficiency, cut off ratio and M.E.P.
o je
Answers: heat supply at constant volume per Kg of air 235.03 Kj / Kg, heat supply at constant
Pr
pressure per Kg of air 1440 Kj / Kg, cycle efficiency 60.56%, cut off ratio 2.14 and
T
C
M.E.P.- 1221.7 KPa.
EI
M
7) The stroke and bore of C.I. engine cylinder is 250 mm and 150mm respectively. If the clearance
N
volume is 0.0004 m3 and fuel injection takes place at constant pressure for 5% of the stroke.
-
EL
Determine the air standard efficiency of the engine.

PT
Answers: the air standard efficiency of the engine 59.33%

-N
U
VT
Page 25 of 28
Test Your Skills:
Fill up the blanks

(1) Compression ratio is the ratio of ..
(2) Otto cycle is also called as .
(3) Working fluid in air standard cycle is ..
(4) Cut off ratio is the ratio of ..
(5) In air standard dual cycle heat supply takes during and process
(6) . Cycle is maximum efficiency air standard cycle.
ct
(7) Bryton cycle efficiency is depends on ..
o je
(8) Compression during air standard Stirling cycle
Pr
(9) For given compression ratio cycle is most efficient.
T
C
(10) For same maximum pressure and temperature . Cycle is most efficient.
EI
(11) Air standard dual cycle is also called as .
M
ANSWERS:
- N
EL
(1) Total volume to the clearance volume

PT
(2) Constant volume cycle
(3) Air
-N
U
(4) Volume after heat supply to the volume before heat supply
VT
(5) Isochoric and Isobaric
(6) Carnot
(7) Pressure ratio
(8) Reversible isothermal process
(9) Otto
(10) Diesel
(11) Limited Pressure or Semi Diesel cycle.
Page 26 of 28
Match the following

Part A Part B
1. Thermal efficiency of a heat engine a. Work done per cycle to the stroke
Volume.
2. Mean effective pressure of an engine b. Compression ratio
3. Air standard diesel cycle c. Locomotive engine
4. Gas power cycle is not used for d. Ratio of work done to heat supplied.
5. Sterling cycle consists e. Constant volume cycle
6. Air standard duel cycle f. Two isothermal |& isentropic process.
c t
7. Air standard otto cycle g. Heat supplied at constant pressure
je
8. Effeciency of air standard otto cycle depends on h. Two isothermal & constant volume
o
Pr
process.
T
9. Cornot cycle i. Semi diesel cycle.
10. Air standard dual cycle is also called
C j. Heat supplied at constant volume &
EI
constant pressure process.
M
Answers :
- N
EL
1-d, 2-a, 3-g, 4-c, 5-h, 6-j, 7-e, 8-b, 9-f, 10-I.
PT
-N
U
VT
Page 27 of 28
TRUE (T)/ FALSE (F)

1) Carnot cycle is 100% efficiency cycle. ------ (F)
2) Otto cycle is constant volume cycle. ---------- (T)
3) In Diesel cycle heat supply takes at constant volume process. ----- (F)
4) Dual cycle is also called as semi diesel cycle. ----------- (T)
5) In regenerative gas turbine cycle, heat supply is reduced. ---- (T)
6) In dual cycle heat rejection takes at constant volume process. ---- (T)
7) For given compression ratio diesel cycle is more efficient. ---- (F)
c t
je
8) Compression ratio is ratio of clearance volume to the total volume of the cylinder. ----------- (F)
o
Pr
9) In Intercooling gas turbine cycle, cooling of working fluid takes between two compressors. ---- (T)
T
10) In Regenerator working fluid is heated by exhaust gas. ----- (T)
C
EI
M
- N
EL
PT
-N
U
VT
Page 28 of 28

Module 3 Gas Turbine

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Module 3 Gas Turbine

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MODULE-III --- GAS POWER CYCLE APPLIED THERMODYYNAMICS 2014

Course Name: Applied Thermodynamics

Type of the web

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

c. Self Assigned Q & A.

d. Test your Skills.

(Animation links related , Gas Power Cycle)

1.Introduction to Gas power cycles:

standard efficiency. Assume Cv= 0.717 Kj/Kg K and = 1.4.

Data: P1=100 KPa, T1=301 K, Qs=1250 Kj/Kg,

efficiency, iv) work done per Kg of air, v) MEP.

Data : T1=288K, P1=100KPa, T3=1753K, compression ratio r =16

Cut off ratio = =2

Work output, Wnet = (Qs-Qr)

Wnet= 543.28 Kj/Kg

Apply gas law: P1V1= mRT 1

Specific volume at 1, v1 = = (R T 1 / T 1) = 0.826 m3/Kg

Specific volume at 2, v2 = = (R T 2 / p 2) = 0.00516 m3/Kg

specific swept volume Vs= ( v1-v2) = 0.7744 m3/Kg

MEP = 701.54 KPa

Cut off ratio = =1.2

Process 4-5: adiabatic process

Qs= cv (T3-T2) + cp (T4-T3)

Heat rejection: Qr= cv (T5-T1)

Qr= 258.21 Kj/Kg

Wnet = 476 Kj/Kg

Data: TH=673K, TL=298K, r= = = 3, R= cp - cv = 0.0684 Kj/Kg K,

Case (i) ideal efficiency

Heat rejection: Qr= R TL (ln(r))

Qr= 21.64 Kj/Kg

Wnet = 28.92 Kj/Kg

Case (ii) the efficiency of regenerator is 0.8

Procee 1-2: Adiabatic

compressor work input, Wcomp=Cp (T2-T1)

T2 = 481 K Wcomp=242.2 Kj/Kg

Also, Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4)

comp=(T2-T1) / (T2-T1) Wturb= 290.4 Kj/Kg

T2 = 529 K Net work, Wnet= (Wturb - Wcomp) = 48.2 Kj/Kg

Procee 3-4: Adiabatic Power, P=(mx Wnet) = 771.2 Kw.

Procee 3-4: Adiabatic

Effectiveness of heat exchanger = (T5-T2) / (T4-T2)

Turbine work, Wturb= Cp (T3-T4) = 296.5 Kj/Kg

Cycle efficiency, cycle= = 31%.

cp=1.02 Kj/Kg K and = 1.41.

Process 1-2: Adiabatic

Process 5-6: Adiabatic

cycles / Pages-447 to 525

Data: P1=100 KPa, T1=301 K, Qs=1250 Kj/Kg,

Heat rejection Qr= =

Work output, Wnet = (Qs-Qr)

Wnet= 624.23 Kj/Kg

Cut off ratio = =2

Heat rejection Qr= =

Work output, Wnet = (Qs-Qr)

Wnet= 543.28 Kj/Kg

Specific volume at 2, v2 = = (R T 2 / p 2) = 0.00516 m3/Kg

specific swept volume Vs= ( v1-v2) = 0.7744 m3/Kg

MEP = 701.54 KPa

Process 1-2: adiabatic process

Process 4-5: adiabatic process

Qs= cv (T3-T2) + cp (T4-T3)

Heat rejection: Qr= cv (T5-T1)

Qr= 258.21 Kj/Kg

Wnet = 476 Kj/Kg