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LNGUA PORTUGUESA
Anlise, compreenso e interpretao de diversos tipos de textos verbais, no verbais,
literrios e noliterrios. Informaes literais e inferncias possveis. Ponto de vista
do autor. Estruturao do texto: relaes entre ideias; recursos de coeso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Significao contextual de palavras e expresses. Sinnimos e antnimos.

Sentido prprio e figurado das palavras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Classes de palavras: emprego e sentido que imprimem s relaes que estabelecem:

substantivo, adjetivo, artigo, numeral, pronome, verbo, advrbio, preposio e conjuno . . . . . . . 

Concordncia verbal e nominal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Regncia verbal e nominal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Colocao pronominal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Crase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Pontuao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Exerccios finais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Gabarito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
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DUWLJRVD$&ULPHVFRQWUDD)p3~EOLFD                        
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DUWLJRVD'R-XL]HGR0LQLVWpULR3~EOLFR                                 
DUWLJRVH'R'HIHQVRUHGR&XUDGRUGR5pX0HQRU                           
DUWLJR'RV)XQFLRQiULRVGD-XVWLoD                                         
DUWLJRVD'D&LWDomRHGD,QWLPDomR                                     
DUWLJRVD'R3URFHGLPHQWR&RPXP                                     
DUWLJRVD'R3URFHVVR6XPiULR                                        
DUWLJRVD'R3URFHVVRGH5HVWDXUDomRGH$XWRV([WUDYLDGRVRX'HVWUXtGRV             
DUWLJRVD'RV5HFXUVRV                                            
/HLQGHDUWLJRVDH                            

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DUWLJRVD'RV$WRV3URFHVVXDLV                                       
DUWLJRVD'D7XWHOD3URYLVyULD                                        
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DUWLJRVD'RV5HFXUVRV                                           
/HLQGHDUWLJRVDR                                 
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7tWXOR,,'RV'LUHLWRVH*DUDQWLDV)XQGDPHQWDLV                                   
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&DStWXOR,,DUWLJRVDGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV                                    
&DStWXOR,,,DUWLJRHQDFLRQDOLGDGH                                     
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6HomR,,DUWLJRVDVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRV                                   
$UWLJR'R3RGHU-XGLFLiULRGLVSRVLo}HVJHUDLV                                  

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6Ho}HV,,,99,9,,                                                   
6HomR9,,,VXEVHo}HV,,,H,,,                                           
6Ho}HV,;D;9;9,,D;,;                                               
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6Ho}HV,,9H9                                                       
6HomR9,VXEVHo}HV,,,,9H;,,,                                        

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 (VFUHYHQWH7pFQLFR
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INFORMTICA
MS-Windows 10: conceito de pastas, diretrios, arquivos e atalhos, rea de trabalho,
rea de transferncia, manipulao de arquivos e pastas, uso dos menus, programas
e aplicativos, interao com o conjunto de aplicativos MS-Office 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01

MS-Word 2016: estrutura bsica dos documentos, edio e formatao de textos,

cabealhos, pargrafos, fontes, colunas, marcadores simblicos e numricos, tabelas,
impresso, controle de quebras e numerao de pginas, legendas, ndices,
insero de objetos, campos predefinidos, caixas de texto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

MS-Excel 2016: estrutura bsica das planilhas, conceitos de clulas, linhas, colunas,
pastas e grficos, elaborao de tabelas e grficos, uso de frmulas, funes e macros,
impresso, insero de objetos, campos predefinidos, controle de quebras e
numerao de pginas, obteno de dados externos, classificao de dados. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Correio Eletrnico: uso de correio eletrnico, preparo e envio de mensagens,

anexao de arquivos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Internet: navegao internet, conceitos de URL, links, sites, busca e impresso de pginas.. . . . 45

Bateria de Testes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Gabarito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

ATUALIDADES
Questes relacionadas a fatos polticos, econmicos, sociais e culturais, nacionais e
internacionais,ocorridos a partir do 2. semestre de 2016, divulgados na mdia local
e/ou nacional.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Questes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
 ( 7 -
1',&(  VFUHYHQWH pFQLFR XGLFLiULR 7-6
7- 6mR3DXOR

MATEMTICA
Operaes com nmeros reais. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Mnimo mltiplo comum e mximo divisor comum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Razo e proporo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Porcentagem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Regra de trs simples e composta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Mdia aritmtica simples e ponderada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Juro simples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Equao do 1. e 2. graus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Sistema de equaes do 1. grau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Relao entre grandezas: tabelas e grficos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Sistemas de medidas usuais., Noes de geometria: forma, permetro, rea, volume. . . . . . . 28
ngulos; Teorema de Pitgoras.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Resoluo de situaes-problema.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (no trmino de cada item)
100 questes de provas anteriores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

RACIOCNIO LGICO
Visa a avaliar a habilidade do candidato em entender a estrutura lgica das relaes
arbitrrias entre pessoas, lugares, coisas, eventos fictcios; deduzir novas informaes
das relaes fornecidas e avaliar as condies usadas para estabelecer a estrutura
daquelas relaes. Visa tambm avaliar se o candidato identifica as regularidades
de uma sequncia, numrica ou Figural, de modo a indicar qual o elemento
de uma dada posio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 a 109

As questes desta prova podero tratar das seguintes reas:

Estruturas Lgicas; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Lgicas de Argumentao; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Diagramas Lgicos; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Sequncias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
 Lngua Portuguesa
LNGUA PORTUGUESA
ANLISE, COMPREENSO E INTERPRETAO
DE DIVERSOS TIPOS DE TEXTOS VERBAIS,
NO VERBAIS, LITERRIOS E NO LITERRIOS.
INFORMAES LITERAIS E INFERNCIAS
POSSVEIS. PONTO DE VISTA DO AUTOR.
ESTRUTURAO DO TEXTO: RELAES
ENTRE IDEIAS; RECURSOS DE COESO
Entendemos por texto, um conjunto de ideias expressas
atravs de frases, oraes, pargrafos; com um estilo prprio rio, real e frequente. Embora acompanhado sempre e em
e com uma estrutura prpria produzido por um certo sujeito. A
estrutura de um texto varia de acordo com sua natureza. H o
texto literrio e o no literrio.
TEXTO
Denotao Conotao

Texto no literrio Texto-literrio

Claro, objetivo Figurado, subjetivo,

informativo pessoal
O texto literrio expressa a opinio pessoal do autor que
tambm transmitida atravs de figuras, impregnado de
subjetivismo. J o texto no literrio preocupa-se em transmi-
tir uma mensagem da forma mais clara e objetiva possvel.
Como exemplo, podemos citar uma notcia de jornal como
texto no literrio e um romance de Ea de Queirs ou Jos um tratamento potico, musical, lrico, por exemplo, seria um
de Alencar como exemplo de texto literrio.
Compreender um texto globalmente levar em conta os
vrios aspectos que ele possui, por exemplo, um texto ter
aspecto moral, social, econmico, conforme a inteno do
autor; para ratificar esses aspectos o autor se utiliza de um
vocabulrio condizente com sua inteno. Ento ... como
compreender textos em prova, se cada pessoa possui um
modo especfico de ver os fatos?
A resposta no simples. No obstante o valor subjetivo
do texto, ele possui uma estrutura interna que bsica e a
qual garantir uma compreenso objetiva.
Compreender um texto no literrio perceber no texto a
opinio, a inteno do autor, onde ele pretende chegar com
aquele texto.
Se o autor contra ou a favor de um certo tema, quais os
aspectos que o autor levanta. Nossa compreenso ser sem-
pre a partir das informaes que o texto nos oferece.
Observe o texto a seguir:
ainda Lorenz, na mesma obra, quem identifica a frustra-
o dos jovens face a uma educao que, em nome da com-
preenso, baniu a firmeza e a liberdade com responsabilida-
de. Noes confusas de psicanlise, vagos anseios libert-
rios, muita teoria e pouco conhecimento serviram para refor-
ar uma tolerncia preguiosa que passou a se constituir em
padro de comportamento para pais e educadores.
Aquela frustrao nasce dessa atitude que Lorenz cha-
ma de "muro de borracha" dbil, indefinida e acovardada do
adulto diante do jovem, to nociva quanto a ao punitiva
sistemtica de antigamente.
Educar tornou-se, h muito tempo, uma arte esquecida.
No contato com o adolescente, o pai ou aquele que estima
algum como se pode estimar um filho - no projeta apenas
uma imagem, mas ele mesmo. Por obra do amor, verda-
deiro, atento, esquecido de si, profundamente interessado.
Sendo isso, apenas isso, torna-se inevitvel a reciproci-
dade do amor.
A solido do jovem , apesar do que se pensa em contr-
constante movimentao, o adolescente cr que o mundo
dos adultos; e esses esto ocupados demais para ouvir os
seus pequenos devaneios. H uma busca disfarada de a-
teno e apoio, que s uns poucos percebem, e rarssimos
se apressam em atender. A condio do homem , em si
mesma, de confronto com a solido, de que ele est, do ber-
o sepultura, sempre cercado.
A descoberta dessa realidade que no triste ou alegre,
mas simplesmente um fato ocorre na puberdade, e nem
sempre pacfica. Esse contato pode deixar um travo de
melancolia, quando no h apoio compreensivo de um adulto
que se estima e no qual se confia e que d a entender que
j passou por isso e sabe do que se trata, embora no tenha
uma resposta definitiva para os mistrios da vida. (Luiz Carlos
Lisboa - Jornal da Tarde)
O texto de Luiz Carlos Lisboa um texto no literrio,
porque disserta sobre um certo tema: a descoberta da solido
de forma objetiva, informativa, etc. Se tivesse dado ao tema
texto literrio, pois usaria recursos literrios, tais como a rima,
as figuras de linguagem, a fico para expressar sua opinio
sobre a descoberta da solido.
A compreenso do texto pode ser feita da seguinte for-
ma, chamada objetiva:
1) Segundo o texto, os jovens:
a) So autossuficientes.
b) Vivem no mundo da lua.
c) Necessitam de apoio e compreenso.
d) Esto sempre muito ocupados.
2) De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar que o ho-
mem:
a) Sente solido durante toda a vida.
b) Est sozinho apenas no momento da morte.
c) Est sozinho apenas no momento do nascimento.
d) Nunca est completamente sozinho.
3) Com relao solido, o texto afirma que:
a) O homem fica triste ao descobri-la.
b) O homem a descobre durante a adolescncia.
c) O jovem a encontra por falta de apoio e compreen-
so.
d) O jovem a encontra porque no confia nos adultos.
1
 Lngua Portuguesa
4) Segundo o texto, o amor:
a) um problema irrelevante na vida agitada do jo-
vem.
b) E uma expresso romntica, uma frase fora de mo-
da.
c) uma atitude hbil e simptica em relao ao jo-
vem.
d) um meio pelo qual os adultos podem compreen-
der as atitudes dos jovens.
5) O texto afirma que:
a) As geraes mais velhas s se preocupam em
transmitir os seus valores aos mais jovens.
b) Os jovens acham que o mundo est errado e que-
rem destru-lo.
c) A energia e a generosidade dos jovens os levam a
querer reformar o mundo.
d) normalmente uma hipocrisia o fato de os jovens
quererem reformar o mundo.
6) "... dbil, indefinida e acovardada do adulto diante
do jovem." As palavras sublinhadas podem ser substi-
tudas, sem modificar o significado do texto, por:
a) maluco, incoerente, medroso.
b) fraco, indeterminado, medroso.
c) idiota, indeterminado, inseguro.
d) alegre, estpido, nervoso.
7) No pargrafo "A solido do jovem , apesar do que
se pensa em contrrio, real e frequente.", a frase
sublinhada d uma ideia de
a) concluso. c) concesso.
b) condio. d) indefinio.
RESPOSTAS
1-C 2- A 3- B 4- D 5- A 6- B 7- C
COMPREENSO GLOBAL DO TEXTO
Para compreendermos o texto preciso descobrir sua
estrutura interna. Nela, encontraremos ideias bsicas e aces-
srias e precisamos descobrir como essas ideias se relacio-
nam. As ideias bsicas giram em torno do tema central, de
uma ideia ncleo contida no texto, a ela somam-se as ideias
acessrias, que s so importantes, enquanto corroboradoras
da ideia central.
Por exemplo, a ideia bsica do texto a presena da
solido em nossas vidas, na opinio de Luiz Carlos Lisboa, a
ela somam-se outras ideias sobre a educao dos jovens,
sobre a psicanlise, sobre o amor que so acessrias, por-
que no tratam diretamente do assunto da solido, mas so
acessrias, pois colaboram para a compreenso da ideia
bsica, central.
Geralmente, um texto trata de uma ideia bsica acompa-
nhada de vrias ideias acessrias. Se h ideias bsicas e
ideias acessrias como ocorre a inter-relao dessas ideias?
Muitas vezes, a tcnica usada a de explanao de idei-
as "em cadeia", ocorre a explanao da ideia bsica e a se-
guir o desdobramento dessa ideia nos pargrafos subsequen-
tes a fim de discutir, aprofundar o assunto.
J no texto-exemplo de Luiz Carlos Lisboa vemos que ele
vai preparando a introduo da ideia bsica com as ideias
acessrias, como se estivesse criando um ambiente propcio,
numa preparao textual onde o clmax seria a ideia bsica: a
descoberta da solido. E um crescer de expectativas at
chegar ao cerne da questo.
1) Sentido oposto: significa a ideia contrria de uma pala-
vra em relao a outra.
2) Anlogo ou Equivalente: dizer que uma palavra anlo-
ga outra, significa dizer que ambas tm semelhanas de
significados, so equivalentes.
Num texto, palavras, oraes, frases, expresses so jus-
tapostas, colocadas lado a lado visando a uma inteno do
autor que produz o texto. Por vezes, usa palavras de signifi-
cado equivalente; de outra feita, utiliza-se de expresses,
palavras com significados opostos, contudo todos esses
recursos tm uma inteno, usar o texto como veculo ou de
emoo, ou de crtica, de revelao, informao, etc.
Peguemos como exemplo o texto de Luiz Carlos Lisboa.
No texto, h blocos de significados que se equivalem e
que tm um certo significado luz do contexto dado.
Exemplos:
1 Atitude dbil (= louca) indefinida, acovardada equivale a
ao primitiva, sistemtica.
2 Muita teoria equivale a pouco conhecimento.
3 Solido real e frequente anloga acompanhado, cons-
tante movimentao.
4 Bero anlogo sepultura.
O autor, no primeiro bloco de ideias, torna equivalente a
atitude dbil, indefinida e acovardada diante do jovem ao
punitiva. Em um outro contexto tal equivalncia seria impos-
svel, pois a atitude de liberdade total, num primeiro momento
no tem relao alguma punio sistemtica. Contudo, num
certo contexto, as palavras assumem significados equivalen-
tes ou no.
No segundo bloco, muita teoria equivale a pouco conhe-
cimento, em outro contexto tais afirmaes seriam opostas,
contraditrias, contudo no texto-exemplo so equivalentes,
pois assumem um significado de "coisas vazias" diante da
descoberta da solido, ento mais uma vez temos um termo
com um significado especfico num dado contexto.
No terceiro bloco, solido real e frequente esto lado a
lado das palavras acompanhando em constante movimenta-
o. No contexto, elas so compreendidas como anlogas,
equivalentes, mas j sabemos que num outro contexto so
palavras que se opem. S assumem sentido anlogo devido
ideia do autor, sua inteno de reforar a contradio, a
confuso em que vive o adolescente.
No quarto bloco, bero anlogo sepultura, luz da
compreenso do texto so palavras que se equivalem, que
esto lado a lado equiparadas a lugares que contm a soli-
do que cerca a vida das pessoas. Em outros contextos so
palavras opostas, pois significam vida e morte, mas no texto-
exemplo tudo uma coisa s: lugar de solido.
A oposio bsica do texto :
2
 Lngua Portuguesa
O Mundo dos adultos ocupados oposto busca dis-
farada de ateno e apoio.
Onde adultos se ocupam com um mundo parte dos
anseios, carncias, dvidas dos adolescentes cercados de
solido.
importante ressaltar que as oposies, as equivaln-
cias, a compreenso de certos termos s acontecem em
contextos determinados, pois dependendo da inteno do
autor as palavras podero se opor, equivaler-se, assumir
significados especficos, ainda como exemplo, recorremos
expresso "muro de borracha" que poderia significar at um
brinquedo em risco para o fsico da criana, contudo no texto-
exemplo significa a atitude dos pais diante dos filhos "dbil,
indefinida e acovardada" sem limites, sem a educao que
norteia a vida.
O texto poder utilizar diversos recursos, tudo, no entanto,
estar subordinado ideia do seu autor.
ESTRUTURA E ORGANIZAO DO TEXTO
DEFINIO DE TEXTO
O texto uma mensagem, isto , um fato do discurso:
uma passagem falada ou escrita que forma um todo significa-
tivo independentemente da sua extenso.
O texto forma um todo, que pode ser:
uma palavra: No, talvez, sim ...
uma frase: Antes tarde do que nunca.
algumas ou centenas de pginas: um livro, um relatrio, um
ofcio, etc.
A ESTRUTURAO TEXTUAL
Um texto se realiza por meio de uma seleo de seu
material lingustico, a compreendidas a seleo vocabular, a
seleo da frase e a seleo do modo de organizao discur-
siva, ou seja, a narrao, a descrio e a argumentao.
Cada um desses modos de organizao possui determi-
nadas regularidades que lhe so prprias, alm daquelas
regularidades que esto acima dessas gramticas particula-
res, ou seja, as regularidades gerais do texto.
A estruturao de um texto se faz exatamente entre o
esperado, ou seja, o respeito quelas regularidades do modo
de organizao a que pertence e a criatividade do autor.
Portanto, escrever sempre um processo de seleo:
seleo de vocbulos, seleo de estruturas sintticas, sele-
o de organizao das frases na composio do texto, sele-
o de um modo de organizao discursiva... tudo em busca
do que parece mais adequado s finalidades do autor do
texto.
TIPOLOGIA TEXTUAL
Os textos variam conforme as intenes do autor, poden-
do ser narrativos, descritivos, dissertativos. Porm, raramente
um texto construdo com as caractersticas de um s tipo.
O mais comum encontrarmos os vrios tipos em um s
texto.
3
O TEXTO NARRATIVO
Leia este trecho de um texto narrativo:
A escrava pegou a filhinha
Nas costas
E se atirou no Paraba
Para que a criana no fosse judiada.
(Oswald de Andrade. Poesias Reunidas.
Rio de Janeiro, Civilizao Brasileira, 1972.)
Nesse texto, o importante o fato, a ao, o acontecimen-
to: a escrava se mata junto com a filhinha recm-nascida,
para salv-la da escravido.
Releia o texto e repare que no sabemos como era a
escrava, nem como era sua filha, nem como era o rio. Esse
trecho s atribui importncia ao acontecimento em si.
Narrar, portanto, consiste em construir o conjunto de
aes que constituem a histria o enredo e relacion-las
s personagens seres que praticam atos ou sofrem os
fatos.
Vejamos mais um exemplo de narrao:
O bicho
Vi ontem um bicho
Na imundcie do ptio
Catando comida entre os detritos
Quando achava alguma coisa,
No examinava nem cheirava:
Engolia com voracidade.
O bicho no era um co,
No era um gato,
No era um rato.
O bicho, meu Deus, era um homem.
(Manuel Bandeira. Estrela da vida inteira.
Rio de Janeiro, Jos Olympio, 1973.)
Toda a narrativa tem um narrador: aquele que conta a
histria. Mas o narrador pode ser de dois tipos, conforme a
sua perspectiva em relao aos fatos narrados: 1 ou 3 pes-
soa.
No texto acima, a histria contada em 1 pessoa (eu):
9LRQWHPXPELFKR
O narrador relata um acontecimento que o impressionou:
um bicho catando restos de comida. Note que, no desenvol-
vimento do enredo, no sabemos de que animal se trata. S
no desfecho o narrador nos revela que o bicho um ser hu-
mano.
A narrao, alm de ser uma das mais importantes possi-
bilidades da linguagem, tambm uma das prticas mais
comuns de nossa vida. A narrao associa nossa observao
do mundo com nossa existncia, nossa memria e nossa
imaginao.
Estrutura do texto narrativo:
1) ENREDO
a narrativa propriamente dita, que pode ser linear ou
retrospectiva, cuja trama mantm o interesse do leitor, que
espera por um desfecho. Chama-se simplesmente de ao.
 Lngua Portuguesa
2) PERSONAGEM
a pessoa que atua na narrativa. Pode ser principal ou
secundria, tpica ou caricatural.
3) NARRADOR (PONTO DE VISTA)
Geralmente, classifica-se em:
a) narrador-observador: o autor conta a histria como
observador que sabe tudo. Usa a terceira pessoa.
b) narrador personagem: o autor conta encarnando-se
numa personagem, principal ou secundria. Usa a primeira
pessoa.
4) AMBIENTE
o meio fsico e social onde se desenvolve a ao das
personagens. Trata-se do pano de fundo ou do cenrio da
histria.
5) TEMPO
o elemento fortemente ligado ao enredo numa sequn-
cia linear ou retrospectiva, ao passado, presente e futuro,
com seus recuos e avanos. Pode ser cronolgico (quando
avana no sentido do relgio) ou psicolgico (quando medi-
do pela repercusso emocional, esttica e psicolgica nas
personagens).
6) DISCURSO
o procedimento do narrador ao reproduzir as falas ou o
pensamento das personagens.
H trs tipos de discurso:
x Discurso direto: caracterizado pela reproduo fiel
da fala do personagem. As falas so reproduzidas
integralmente e, via de regra, introduzidas por tra-
vesso. Numa estrutura tradicional de discurso dire-
to, a fala do personagem acompanhada por um
verbo de elocuo (verbo que indica a fala do per-
sonagem: dizer, falar, responder, indagar, perguntar,
retrucar, afirmar, etc.), seguido de dois-pontos.
Alguns autores modernos dispensam o emprego dos
verbos de elocuo em favor de um ritmo mais veloz
da narrativa, assim como tambm os sinais de pon-
tuao que introduzem e delimitam as falas (dois-
pontos, travesso, aspas, etc.).
Observe o exemplo:
(Maurcio de Sousa)
4
A fala nos quadrinhos normalmente apresentada de
forma direta, nos bales, sem interferncia de narrador. No
caso desta tira, Mnica e Cebolinha estabelecem um dilogo.
x Discurso indireto: caracterizado pelo fato de o narra-
dor se apropriar da fala do personagem, ou seja, a fala
do outro vem pelas palavras do narrador. No discurso
indireto, observamos a seguinte estrutura: verbo de
elocuo (que o ncleo do predicado da orao
principal), seguido da orao subordinada (a fala do
personagem complementa o significado do verbo de
elocuo: disse que...; pensou que...; desempenhando
a funo de objeto direto ou indireto), introduzida por
uma conjuno integrante (que, se).
Observe o exemplo:
O detento disse que (ele) no confiava mais na Justia.
Logo depois, perguntou ao delegado se (ele) iria prend-lo.
x indireto-livre: consiste na fuso entre narrador e per-
sonagem, isto , a fala da personagem insere-se no
discurso do narrador, sem o emprego dos verbos de
elocuo (como dizer, afirmar, perguntar, responder,
pedir e exclamar).
Observe o exemplo:
Agora (Fabiano) queria entender-se com Sinh Vitria a
respeito da educao dos pequenos. E eles estavam pergun-
tadores, insuportveis. Fabiano dava-se bem com a ignorn-
cia. Tinha o direito de saber? tinha? No tinha.
A ORDEM DA NARRATIVA
Entende-se por ordem o registro de um fato ou detalhe de
cada vez. Vejamos um exemplo:
Chega a polcia.
E os invasores saem.
A polcia se vai.
Os invasores voltam. (Jornal da Tarde)
Nesta pequena narrativa, que serve de ttulo para uma
reportagem, o jornalista registrou fatos na ordem em que
aconteceram, ou seja, em sequncia cronolgica ou linear:
comeo, meio e fim.
Muitas vezes, o autor pode fugir do convencional, alteran-
do essa linearidade. Isso ocorre com mais frequncia no texto
literrio, em que se trabalha artisticamente a lngua com a
finalidade de provocar emoes no leitor.
Vejamos alguns exemplos:
1) O narrador antecipa o final da narrativa:
No dia em que o matariam, Santiago Nassar levantou-se
s 5h30 da manh para esperar o navio em que chegava o
bispo. (Gabriel Garcia Mrquez)
No primeiro pargrafo, o narrador j conta o que aconte-
ceu personagem.
 Lngua Portuguesa
2) O narrador faz referncia a um fato anterior, que o leitor
no conhece, procurando criar suspense. Leia a primeira
linha de um conto:
Ento a mosca voltou a atacar. Ningum dava nada por
ela. Se no mundo dos insetos j seria presa fcil, o que dir
na longa noite dos brontossauros. (Chacal)
Fazendo referncia a um fato que o leitor desconhece, o
narrador desperta a curiosidade de saber como e por que a
tal mosca atacava e voltou a atacar.
3) Antes de comear a contar a histria propriamente dita,
o narrador inicia o texto com uma fala da personagem, mos-
trando que ela est mesmo em desequilbrio com o meio:
Que peixe esse? Perguntou a moa com afetada
admirao. Foi na cidade de Curupuru, no Maranho. A moa
nascera ali mesmo, crescera ali mesmo mas voltara semana
passada de uma temporada de um ano, na capital do estado.
Ela agora moa de cidade, no conhece mais peixe, nem
bicho do mato, nem farinha de pau. Evoluiu.
Que peixe esse?
Os homens e as mulheres no responderam nada. Olha-
ram-se uns aos outros com ar de enfado.(Ferreira Gullar)
O CICLO NARRATIVO
Nos textos essencialmente narrativos, predominam
frases verbais, que indicam um processo, uma ao.
A narrativa tem como ponto de partida uma situao inici-
al, que se desenvolve numa para chegar a uma situao final,
diferente da inicial:
 VLWXDomR LQLFLDO - o personagem est apresentado numa
determinada situao temporal e espacial;
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR - apresenta-se o conflito, e a ao se de-
senvolve at chegar ao clmax e, em seguida, a um desfecho;
VLWXDomRILQDO- passado o conflito, o personagem apresen-
tado em uma nova situao h claros indcios de transfor-
mao, de mudana em relao ao incio da narrativa.
NARRATIVA FICCIONAL
A palavra fico vem do latim fictio, que deriva do verbo
fingere: modelar, criar, inventar. Quando identificamos uma
narrativa como ficcional, observamos nela uma realidade
criada, imaginria, no real.
A narrativa ficcional fruto da imaginao criadora. Sem-
pre mantendo pontos de contato com o real, recria a realida-
de. Baseando-se nela ou dela se distanciando.
Se os acontecimentos narrados, se os personagens apre-
sentados aproximarem-se muito da realidade a ponto de nos
confundir, falamos que a narrativa verossmil (semelhante
verdade), se os acontecimentos e personagens se mostrarem
absurdos, absolutamente improvveis, falamos que a narrati-
va inverossmil (que no semelhante verdade).
O texto a seguir XPWUHFKRGH$OLFHQR3DtVGDVMaravi-
OKDVGH/HZLV&DUUROXPH[HPSORGHQDUUDWLYDGH fico em
que podemos observar um universo imaginrio.
Alice no Pas das Maravilhas
Lewis Carrol
Captulo 1
Para baixo na toca do coelho
Alice estava comeando a ficar muito cansada de estar
sentada ao lado de sua irm e no ter nada para fazer: uma
vez ou duas ela dava uma olhadinha no livro que a irm lia,
mas no havia fLJXUDVRXGLiORJRVQHOHHSDUDque serve um
OLYUR penVRX$OLFHVHPILJXUDVQHPGLiORJRV"
Ento, ela pensava consigo mesma (to bem quanto era
possvel naquele dia quente que a deixava sonolenta e est-
pida) se o prazer de fazer um colar de margaridas era mais
forte do que o esforo de ter de levantar e colher as margari-
das, quando subitamente um Coelho Branco com olhos cor-
de-rosa passou correndo perto dela.
No havia nada de muito especial nisso, tambm Alice
no achou muito fora do normal ouvir o Coelho dizer para si
PHVPR 2K Suxa! Oh puxa! Eu devo estar muito DWUDVDGR
as (quando ela pensou nisso depois, ocorreu-lhe que deveria ter
achado estranho, mas na hora tudo parecia muito natural);
mas, quando o Coelho tirou um relgio do bolso do colete, e
olhou para ele, apressando-se a seguir, Alice ps-se em p e
lhe passou a ideia pela mente como um relmpago, que ela
nunca vira antes um coelho com um bolso no colete e menos
ainda com um relgio para tirar dele. Ardendo de curiosidade,
ela correu pelo campo atrs dele, a tempo de v-lo saltar
para dentro de uma grande toca de coelho embaixo da cerca.
No mesmo instante, Alice entrou atrs dele, sem pensar
como faria para sair dali. A toca do coelho dava diretamente
em um tnel, e ento se aprofundava repentinamente. To
repentinamente que Alice no teve um momento sequer para
pensar antes de j se encontrar caindo no que parecia ser
bastante fundo.
(...)
O TEXTO DESCRITIVO
Leia este trecho descritivo de Guimares Rosa:
6XD FDVD ILFDYD SDUD WUiV GD 6HUUD GR 0LP quase no
meio de um brejo de gua limpa, lugar chamado o Temor-de-
Deus. O Pai, pequeno sitiante, lidava com vacas e arroz; a
Me, urucuiana, nunca tirava o tero da mo, mesmo quando
matando galinhas ou passando descompostura em algum. E
ela, menininha, por nome Maria, Nhinhinha dita, nascera j
muito para mida, cabeudota e com olhos eQRUPHV
Voc observou que o trecho acima, apresenta caracters-
ticas de ambiente e de personagens. Essa caracterizao
obtida por meio da descrio.
Descrever detalhar uma cena, objeto, sentimento, per-
sonagens, destacando-lhe caractersticas peculiares, de
modo a passar ao leitor/ouvinte uma imagem o mais prxima
possvel daquela que temos em mente.
5
 Lngua Portuguesa
H duas maneiras bsicas de descrever: objetiva ou sub-
jetivamente.
Na descrio objetiva, a realidade retratada com a
maior fidelidade possvel, no se emitindo qualquer opinio
ou julgamento. Leia, agora, as seguintes descries objeti-
vas:
2VDQWLFRUSRVVmRPROpFXODVGHSURWHtQDVTXHSRssuem
dois stios especficos de combinao com os antgenos.
Existem, em cada molcula de anticorpo, duas cadeias poli-
peptdicas leves e duas cadeias pesadas, ligadas entre si por
SRQWHVGHHQ[RIUH
(Amabis e Martho)
2DSDUWDPHQWRTXHFRPSUHLWHPWUrVGRUPLWyULRV sendo
uma sute XPDVDODHP/GRLVEDQKHLURVFR]LQKDiUHD
de servio e dependncias de empregaGD
Na descrio subjetiva, a realidade retratada de acor-
do com o ponto de vista do emissor, que pode opinar e ex-
pressar seus sentimentos. Leia, agora, os seguintes trechos
descritivos:
(VWH 4XLQFDV %RUED VH DFDVR PH IL]HVWH R Iavor de ler
as Memrias pstumas de Brs Cubas, aquele mesmo
nufrago da existncia, que ali aparece, mendigo, herdeiro
inopinado, e inventor de uma filosofia. Aqui o tens agora em
Barbacena. Logo que chegou, enamorou-se de uma viva,
senhora de condio mediana e parcos meios de vida, to
acanhada, que os suspiros do namoraGRILFDYDPVHPHFR
(Machado de Assis)
2VHQKRUVDEHVHUWmRpRQGHPDQGDTXHPp forte, com
as astcias. Deus mesmo, quando vier, que venha armado! E
bala um pedaozinho de metal ... serto onde o pensa-
mento da gente se forma mais forte do que o poder do lugar.
Viver PXLWRSHULJRVR
(Guimares Rosa)
CARACTERSTICAS DA DESCRIO
caracteriza, por meio de imagens ou de palavras, seres e
lugares;
emprega adjetivos, locues adjetivas, verbos de estado e
oraes adjetivas;
emprega geralmente verbos de estado, normalmente no
presente e no imperfeito do indicativo;
estabelece comparaes;
faz referncias s impresses sensitivas: cores, formas,
cheiros, gostos, impresses tteis, sons.
A ORDEM NA DESCRIO
$ GHVFULomR p XP YHUGDGHLUR UHWUDWR FRP palavras. Na
descrio literria, o escritor procura ordenar as frases de
modo a obter um texto que prenda a ateno do leitor.
Os textos descritivos dificilmente aparecem isolados.
Geralmente, fazem parte de um texto maior, do tipo narrativo.
H vrias maneiras de montar a descrio, dependendo
da posio (ponto de vista) do observador em relao quilo
que est sendo observado. As principais so:
6
a) Do particular para o geral
Vejamos um exemplo:
$SHOHGDJDURWDHUDGHVVHPRUHQRHQ[XWRH parelho das
chinesas. Tinha uns olhos grados, lustrosos e negros como
os cabelos lisos, e um sorriso suave e limpo a animar-lhe o
rosto oval, de feies GHOLFDGDV(rico Verssimo)
b) Do geral para o particular
Vejamos um exemplo:
$ UXD HVWDYD GH QRYR TXDVH PRUWD MDQHODV fechadas. A
valsa acabara o bis. Sem ningum. S o violinista estava ali,
fumando, fumegando muito, olhando sem ver, totalmente
desamparado, sem nenhum sono, agarrado a no sei que
esperana de que algum, uma garota linda, um fotgrafo,
um milionrio disfarado lhe pedisse pra tocar mais uma YH]
DESCRIO POTICA
Na poesia, a descrio est marcada pela funo ftica,
apresentando imagens inusitadas que recriam seres e/ou
ambientes. Dificilmente encontraremos objetividade nas des-
cries poticas, pois, a poesia est marcada pelo subjeti-
vismo. Observe o exemplo:
Retrato
Eu no tinha este rosto de hoje
assim calmo, assim triste, assim magro,
nem estes olhos to vazios,
nem o lbio amargo.
Eu no tinha estas mos sem fora,
to paradas e frias e mortas;
eu no tinha este corao
que nem se mostra.
Eu no dei por esta mudana,
to simples, to certa, to fcil:
- Em que espelho ficou perdida
a minha face?
(Ceclia Meireles - Obra potica.
Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar, 1985.)
DESCRIO TCNICA
Na descrio tcnica procura-se transmitir a imagem do
objeto atravs de uma linguagem tcnica, com vocabulrio
preciso, normalmente ligado a uma rea da cincia ou da
tecnologia.
o caso da descrio de peas e aparelhos, de experin-
cias e fenmenos, do funcionamento de mecanismos, da
redao de manuais de instruo e artigos cientficos.
O TEXTO DISSERTATIVO
Leia este trecho de um texto dissertativo:
$ ILP GH DSUHHQGHU D ILQDOLGDGH H R VHQWLGR GD vida
preciso amar a vida por ela mesma, inteiramente; mergulhar,
por assim dizer, no redemoinho da vida; somente ento apre-
ender-se- o sentido da vida, compreender-se- para que se
vive. A vida algo que, ao contrrio de tudo criado pelo ho-
 Lngua Portuguesa
mem, no necessita de teoria, quem apreende a prtica da
vida tambm assimiODDVXDWHRULD
(Wilhelm Reich. A revoluo sexual. Rio de Janeiro, Zahar, 1974)
O texto expe um ponto de vista (a finalidade da vida
viver) sobre um assunto-tema (no caso, o sentido e a finali-
dade da vida). Alm de apresentar o ponto de vista do autor,
o texto faz tambm a defesa desse ponto de vista: os por-
qus, os motivos que fundamentam a opinio de que a prti-
ca intensa de viver que revela o sentido da vida; de que a
vida no precisa de teoria e que se identifica com o prprio
processo de viver intensamente.
defesa do ponto de vista, organizao dos motivos
que o justificam, exposio dos fundamentos em que uma
posio est baseada, chamamos argumentao.
Defender uma opinio com argumentos coerentes e ade-
quados o aspecto mais importante do texto dissertativo.
Alm da argumentao articulada, a dissertao deve apre-
sentar tambm uma linguagem clara e uma estruturao
lgica (com introduo, desenvolvimento e concluso).
Dissertar , atravs da organizao de palavras, frases e
textos, apresentar ideias, desenvolver raciocnio, analisar
contextos, dados e fatos.
A ESTRUTURA DO TEXTO DISSERTATIVO
A dissertao obedece seguinte estrutura:
Introduo
a parte na qual se apresenta a ideia central do texto e o
enfoque que se pretende abordar.
Desenvolvimento
O desenvolvimento da dissertao apresenta os diferen-
tes aspectos da ideia exposta na introduo. Alm disso,
nessa parte que ser feita a fundamentao da ideia que se
pretende discutir, atravs de exemplos, argumentos, dados
estatsticos, fatos histricos, causas e consequncias etc.
Concluso
a retomada da ideia apresentada na introduo, s que
enriquecida pela fundamentao dada no desenvolvimento. A
concluso sintetiza a ideia central do texto e pode acrescen-
tar sugestes, ampliando a discusso do tema.
Veja como est estruturado o texto que segue:
Pode-se distinguir os homens dos animais pela conscin-
cia, pela religio ou por tudo que se queira. Mas eles prprios
comeam a se diferenciar dos animais to logo comeam a
produzir seus meios de vida, passo este que condicionado
por sua organizao temporal. Produzindo seus meios de
vida, os homens produzem, indiretamente, sua prpria vida
material.
O modo pelo qual os homens produzem seus meios de
vida depende, antes de tudo, da natureza dos meios de vidas
j encontrados e que tm de reproduzir. No se deve consi-
derar tal modo de produo de um nico ponto de vista, a
saber: a reproduo da existncia fsica dos indivduos. Tra-
ta-se, muito mais, de uma determinada forma de atividade
dos indivduos, determinada forma de manifestar sua vida,
determinado modo de vida dos mesmos. Tal como os indiv-
duos manifestam sua vida, assim so eles. O que eles so
7
coincide com sua produo, tanto com o que produzem como
com o modo como produzem.
O que os indivduos so, portanto, depende das condi-
es materiais de sua produo.
(MARX, Karl. In: ARANHA, Maria Lcia de Arruda & MARTINS, Maria
Helena. Temas de filosofia. So Paulo, Moderna, 1992.)
A estrutura desse texto bem definida: introduo (pri-
meiro pargrafo), desenvolvimento (segundo pargrafo),
concluso (ltimo pargrafo).
A ORDEM NA DISSERTAO
Assim como na descrio podemos partir do geral para o
particular e vice-versa, a exposio de ideias na dissertao
admite o mesmo caminho.
Nesse caso, estaremos trabalhando com dois mtodos
bsicos de raciocnio: a induo e a deduo.
Chama-se induo ao raciocnio que se baseia na obser-
vao e elementos conhecidos, concretos (o particular), para,
por meio deles, chegar a uma concluso ou a uma hiptese
possvel sobre uma determinada ideia ou fato (o geral).
Observe como o jornalista Gilberto Dimenstein escreveu a
respeito dos jovens brasileiros vtimas de assassinato.
VIOLNCIA MATA MAIS ENTRE OS JOVENS
De cada 10 jovens brasileiros entre 15 e 18 anos mortos
no ano de 1993, 6 deles foram assassinados. A pesquisa
revela que, atualmente, o homicdio est em primeiro lugar
entre as causas da morte a juventude. A pesquisa foi feita
pelo CBIA (Centro Brasileiro para Infncia e Adolescncia),
rgo vinculado ao Ministrio do Bem-Estar Social.
Apesar da fragilidade estatstica e o aumento da consci-
ncia dos governantes sobre a situao da infncia, os ndi-
ces de violncia continuam crescendo.
(Folha de So Paulo, 26 jun 1994. Caderno Especial: Brasil 95)
Particular: dados da pesquisa feita pelo CBIA.
Geral: os ndices de violncia continuam aumentando apesar
do aumento da conscincia dos governantes sobre o proble-
ma.
O tipo de raciocnio conhecido como deduo segue o
caminho inverso ao da induo. Portanto, no raciocnio dedu-
tivo partimos do geral para o particular, do desconhecido para
o conhecido. Obedecemos, geralmente, aos seguintes pas-
sos:
1) formulamos uma hiptese abstrata, de carter geral;
2) fazemos uma relao de fatos e provas (elementos
concretos, conhecidos, observveis): o particular;
3) podemos ou no colocar uma concluso que confirme
a hiptese geral.
Observe como a autora organizou o texto dedutivamente:
As expectativas num namoro so, na maioria das vezes,
muito diferentes para meninos e meninas. (hiptese geral)
Enquanto a maioria dos rapazes est doida para beijar,
tocar a menina e ter o mximo de intimidade sexual que pu-
 Lngua Portuguesa
der, ela geralmente est interessada em sair com ele, namo-
r-lo, apreciar sua companhia. (fatos particulares que exem-
plificam a hiptese geral)
(SUPLICY, Marta. Sexo para adolescentes. FTD, 1988. p. 82)
A ENUMERAO PARA ORGANIZAR O TEXTO
Leia o texto seguinte:
PRAZERES
O primeiro olhar da janela de manh
O velho livro de novo encontrado
Rostos animados
Neve, o mudar das estaes
O jornal
O co
A dialtica
Tomar ducha, nadar
Velha msica
Sapatos cmodos
Compreender
Msica nova
Escrever, plantar
Viajar, cantar
Ser amvel
(Bertolt Brecht. Poemas e canes. Coimbra, 1975)
Como foi organizado esse poema? Qual a sequncia de
ideias? Observe que o texto no buscou desenvolver o con-
ceito de felicidade, mas apresenta os elementos capazes de
representar a felicidade.
Pela enumerao de acontecimentos, objetos, pessoas,
sensaes, sentimentos, atividades, o autor diz o que felici-
dade.
A enumerao uma tcnica das mais ricas para escre-
ver livremente e constitui um dos importantes recursos utili-
zados na literatura, principalmente na poesia moderna. No
texto enumerativo empregam-se elementos que dificilmente
aparecem em redaes tradicionais: WRPDUGXFKD Vapatos
F{PRGRVSRUH[HPSORA enumerao uma forma concreta
de escrever: consiste em listar coisas, fatos, lembranas,
emoes, desejos, sensaes de nossa vida, do dia-a-dia, da
nossa histria. Observe outro texto em que se emprega o
processo de enumerao:
OS DOIS LADOS
Deste lado tem meu corpo
tem o sonho
tem minha namorada na janela
tem as ruas gritando de luzes e movimentos
tem meu amor to lento
tem o mundo batendo na minha memria
tem o caminho pro trabalho.
Do outro lado tem outras vidas vivendo da minha vida tem
pensamentos srios me esperando na sala de visitas
tem minha noiva definitiva me esperando com flores na
mo,
tem a morte, as colunas da ordem e da desordem.
(Murilo Mendes. Poesia completa e prosa, Nova Aguilar, 1994)
Esse poema uma espcie de autorretrato, que enumera
elementos de dois lados diferentes da personalidade e da
vida do eu lrico.
8
Perceba que o texto foi organizado pelo processo de
enumerao. Primeiro temos os elementos de um lado e,
depois, os elementos do outro.
RECONHECIMENTO DA ESTRUTURA
Para continuar trabalhando a estrutura e organizao do
texto, vamos exercitar a leitura com o objetivo de identificar o
modo como ele foi ordenado.
No se trata de entender o contedo, mas reconhecer a
estrutura, a arquitetao do texto. O que podemos perceber a
respeito da estrutura do texto abaixo?
O amor finalmente
um embarao de pernas,
uma unio de barrigas,
um breve tremor de artrias.
Uma confuso de bocas,
uma batalha de veias,
um rebolio de ancas,
quem diz outra coisa besta.
(Gregrio de Matos. Poemas escolhidos. So Paulo, Cultrix)
O texto apresenta uma enumerao de definies de
amor. Cada uma destas definies est organizada de modo
a apresentar uma parte do corpo. No final, um comentrio
jocoso encerra a sequncia.
RELAO ENTRE IDIAS:
PONTO DE VISTA OU IDIA CENTRAL
O ponto de vista a posio que escolhemos, enquanto
escritores, para melhor observar o ser ou o objeto que vamos
descrever. No entanto, nas descries, alm da posio fsi-
ca, fundamental a atitude, ou seja, a predisposio psicol-
gica que temos com relao quilo que vamos descrever. O
ponto de vista (fsico e psicolgico) que adotarmos acabar
determinando os recursos expressivos (vocabulrio, figuras,
tipo de frase) que utilizaremos na descrio.
Os textos narrativos, descritivos ou dissertativos so es-
truturados em unidades menores, os pargrafos. Essa unida-
de mnima de significao do texto apresenta uma ideia cen-
tral, qual se agregam outras ideias subsidirias, relaciona-
das pelo sentido.
Um texto deve sempre abordar um mesmo assunto.
Quando se muda de pargrafo, portanto, no se muda de
assunto, mas sim de argumentos, aspectos de abordagem,
focos de enunciao (narrao) etc. Para cumprir essa exi-
gncia da comunicao verbal, o pargrafo deve apresentar
quatro condies bsicas:
Unidade: manuteno de apenas uma ideia principal
as ideias subsidirias devem girar em torno dela.
Coerncia: relao de sentido entre a ideia principal e
as subsidirias.
Conciso: apresentao das ideias sem estender
demasiadamente o pargrafo.
Clareza: apresentao clara dos argumentos (escolha
de palavras, construo sinttica).
O texto se organiza em torno de um elemento de refern-
cia. A partir dele todo o resto se posiciona. Uma ideia deve
levar outra, sem sobressaltos. Um pargrafo deve ter rela-
o com o anterior e o prximo.
Nas narraes, a ideia central do pargrafo um inciden-
te, isto , um episdio curto. H o predomnio dos verbos de
 Lngua Portuguesa
ao que se referem a personagens, alm de indicaes de
circunstncias relativas ao fato: onde ele ocorreu, quando
ocorreu, por que ocorreu, etc.
A ideia central do pargrafo descritivo um quadro, ou
seja, um fragmento daquilo que est sendo descrito (uma
pessoa, uma paisagem, um ambiente, etc.), visto sob deter-
minada perspectiva, num determinado momento. Alterado
esse quadro, teremos novo pargrafo.
Nas dissertaes, os pargrafos so estruturados a partir
de uma ideia que normalmente apresentada em sua intro-
duo, desenvolvida e reforada por uma concluso. A ideia
central desenvolvida por ideias subsidirias.
COESO
Coeso a conexo, ligao, harmonia entre os elemen-
tos de um texto. Percebemos tal definio quando lemos um
texto e verificamos que as palavras, as frases e os pargrafos
esto entrelaados, um dando continuidade ao outro.
Os elementos de coeso determinam a transio de idei-
as entre as frases e os pargrafos.
Observe a coeso presente no texto a seguir:
2V VHP-terra fizeram um protesto em Braslia contra a
poltica agrria do pas, porque consideram injusta a atual
distribuio de terras. Porm o ministro da Agricultura consi-
derou a manifestao um ato de rebeldia, uma vez que o
projeto de Reforma Agrria pretende assentar milhares de
sem-WHUUD
JORDO, R., BELLEZI C. Linguagens. So Paulo: Escala
Educacional, 2007, 566 p.
As palavras destacadas no texto tm o papel de ligar as
partes do texto, podemos dizer que elas so responsveis
pela coeso do texto.
ELEMENTOS DE COESO
Existem inumerveis modos de organizar a sequncia do
texto. Muitas maneiras diferentes de fazer a introduo, o
desenvolvimento e a concluso.
Vamos sugerir um modelo que nos parece altamente
funcional:
Na introduo, apresentamos o tema e o ponto de vista.
No desenvolvimento, apresentamos a argumentao (os
porqus, os exemplos).
Na concluso, apresentamos uma sntese reafirmadora
das ideias (reapresentao, com outras palavras, do ponto de
vista e/ou do argumento principal).
Relao
Num texto coerente, os fatos e conceitos devem estar
relacionados. Essa relao deve ser suficiente para justificar
sua incluso num mesmo texto. Para avaliar o grau de rela-
o dos elementos que vo construir seu texto, importante
organiz-los esquematicamente antes de escrever. Feito o
esquema, deve-se verificar se a aproximao de ideias que
se quer fazer realmente eficaz.
H vrios recursos que respondem pela coeso do texto,
os principais so:
Palavras de transio: so palavras responsveis pela
coeso do texto, estabelecem a inter-relao entre os enun-
ciados (oraes, frases, pargrafos), so preposies, con-
junes, alguns advrbios e locues adverbiais.
Exemplos:
- inicialmente (comeo, introduo)
- primeiramente (comeo, introduo)
- antes de tudo (comeo, introduo)
- desde j (comeo, introduo)
- alm disso (continuao)
- do mesmo modo (continuao)
- bem como (continuao)
- enfim (concluso)
- nesse sentido (concluso)
- portanto (concluso)
- afinal (concluso)
- logo aps (tempo)
- ocasionalmente (tempo)
- posteriormente (tempo)
- atualmente (tempo)
- enquanto isso (tempo)
- imediatamente (tempo)
- no raro (tempo)
- concomitantemente (tempo)
- igualmente (semelhana, conformidade)
- segundo (semelhana, conformidade)
- conforme (semelhana, conformidade)
- assim tambm (semelhana, conformidade)
- de acordo com (semelhana, conformidade)
- da (causa e consequncia)
- por isso (causa e consequncia)
- de fato (causa e consequncia)
- em virtude de (causa e consequncia)
- ento (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
- por exemplo (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
- isto (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
- a saber (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
- em outras palavras (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
- ou seja (exemplificao, esclarecimento)
Coeso por referncia: existem palavras que tm a
funo de fazer referncia, so elas:
- pronomes pessoais: eu, tu, ele, me, te, os...
- pronomes possessivos: meu, teu, seu, nosso...
- pronomes demonstrativos: este, esse, aquele...
- pronomes indefinidos: algum, nenhum, todo...
- pronomes relativos: que, o qual, onde...
- advrbios de lugar: aqui, a, l...
Coeso por substituio: substituio de um nome
(pessoa, objeto, lugar etc.), verbos, perodos ou trechos do
texto por uma palavra ou expresso que tenha sentido prxi-
mo, evitando a repetio no corpo do texto. Ex: So Paulo
SRGH VHU VXEVWLWXtGR SRU  D  WHUUD GD JDURD &DVWUR $OYHV
pode ser subsWLWXtGRSRUR3RHWDGRV(VFUDYRV
Assim, a coeso confere textualidade aos enunciados
agrupados em conjuntos.
COERNCIA TEXTUAL
Coerncia textual a relao lgica entre as ideias, pois
essas devem se complementar, o resultado da no contra-
dio entre as partes do texto. A coerncia de um texto inclui
fatores como o conhecimento que o produtor e o receptor tm
do assunto abordado no texto, conhecimento de mundo, o
conhecimento que esses tm da lngua que usam e intertex-
tualidade. Pode-se concluir que texto coerente aquele do
qual possvel estabelecer sentido, entendido como um
princpio de interpretabilidade.
Veja o exemplo:
$V FULDQoDV HVWmR PRUUHQGR GH IRPH SRU FDXVD GD Ui-
TXH]DGRSDtV
$GRURVDQGXtFKHSRUTXHHQJRUGD
9
 Lngua Portuguesa
As frases acima so contraditrias, no apresentam in- Veio do oculista e trouxe uma rosa. Acha direito?
formaes claras, portanto, so incoerentes. 3RUTXHQmR"
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)

EXERCCIOS 5) O texto a seguir apresenta:

1) Observe: (UD GH HVWDWXUD UHJXODU WLQKD DV FRVWDV arqueadas e os

6HULDPRQ]HKRUDVGDPDQKm.
O Campos, segundo o costume, acabava de descer do
almoo e, a pena atrs da orelha, o leno por dentro do cola-
rinho, dispunha-se a prosseguir no trabalho interrompido
pouco antes. Entrou no seu escritrio e foi sentar-se secre-
WiULD(Alusio Azevedo)
O texto acima possui predominncia:
ombros levemente contrados, braos moles, cintura pouco
abaixo dos seios, desenhando muito a barriga. Quando an-
dava, principalmente em ocasies de cerimnia, sacudia o
corpo na cadncia dos passos e bamboleava a cabea com
um movimento que afetava languidez. Muito plida, olhos
grandes e bonitos, repuxados para os cantos exteriores, em
um feitio acentuado de folhas de roseira; lbios descorados e
cheios, mas graciosos. Nunca se despregava das lunetas, e a
forte miopia dava-lhe aos olhos uma expresso mida de
FKRUR (Alusio Azevedo)

a) narrativa a) narrao
b) descritiva b) descrio subjetiva
c) dissertativa c) dissertao
d) descrio objetiva
2) Leia o texto a seguir:
6) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto dissertao:
'HSRLV TXH WHUPLQHL XP FXUVR GH WpFQLFDV de emergncia
mdica, eu estava ansiosa para colocar prova minhas no- a) formular uma hiptese abstrata, de carter geral;
vas aptides. Um dia, quando ia numa autoestrada, vi um b) fazer uma relao de fatos e provas;
homem deitado no cho ao lado de um carro. Parei imedia- c) colocar ou no uma concluso que confirme a hiptese
tamente, peguei meu estojo de primeiros socorros e corri geral;
para ele. d) detalhar cenas, objetos, sentimentos, personagens, desta-
cando suas caractersticas peculiares.
Sou perita em emergncias disse eu a ele.
O senhor precisa de ajuda? 7) Temos uma dissertao na alternativa:
E preciso mesmo respondeu o homem.
9RFrVDEHWURFDUSQHX" D 1D SODQtFLH DYHUPHOKDGD RV MXD]HLros alargavam duas
(In revista Selees do Readers Digest, n 274. manchas verdes. (...)
Rio de Janeiro, maro de 1994) A caatinga estendia-se, de um vermelho indeciso salpicado
O texto apresentado possui: de manchas brancas que eram ossadas. O voo negro dos
urubus fazia crculos altos em redor de bichos moriEXQGRV
a) narrador-observador (Graciliano Ramos, Vidas Secas)
b) narrador-personagem
E 'H ORQJe via a aleia onde a tarde era clara e redonda.
3) Em qual elemento bsico da narrao possvel obter Mas a penumbra dos ramos cobria o atalho.
uma sequncia linear ou retrospectiva ao passado, presente Ao seu redor havia rudos serenos, cheiro de rvores, peque-
e futuro? nas surpresas entre os cips.
Todo o jardim triturado pelos instantes j mais apressados da
a) enredo tarde. De onde vinha o meio sonho pelo qual estava rodea-
b) personagem da?
c) ambiente Como por um zunido de abelhas e aves. Tudo era estranho,
d) tempo suave demais, JUDQGHGHPDLV
(Clarisse Lispector, Laos de Famlia)
4) Indique a alternativa que possui o discurso indireto-livre:
c 6HPSUH IRPRV H[SORUDGRV 6RPRV oprimidos, mas no
D4XDQGRPHYLXPedrinho me chamou de lado e perguntou vencidos. Lutamos, pelo elementar direito de a classe traba-
se era verdade que eu sabia fazer milaJUHV lhadora participar da vida poltica, social e econmica de sua
(Fernando Sabino) ptria. Intil tentar nos calar, nos deter, nos abater. Somos
multido. Estamos nas cidades e nos campos. Renascemos
E No quero discutir com a senhora. Mas tambm no em nossos filhos. Sabemos que, no futuro, estar em nossas
quero ver meu filho GXYLGDQGRGRSUySULRSDL mos a ULTXH]DTXHDJRUDSURGX]LPRV (Panfleto de um Sindi-
(Lus F. Verssimo) cato, maio de 1981)

F (OD Ve referia a uma misteriosa casa na Avenida Joo d 1D EDL[DGD PDWR H FDPSR HUDP concolores. No alto da
Pinheiro, onde sabamos que no morava ningum havia colina, onde a luz andava roda, debaixo do angelim verde,
anos. (...) amos sempre olh-la durante o dia, fascinados: de vagens verdes, um boi branco, de cauda branca. E, ao
que haveria l dentro? No seria de espantar se de noite os longe, nas prateleiras dos morros cavalgam-se trs qualida-
fantasmas se reunissem ali para celebrar o fato de j have- des de D]XO (Guimares Rosa, Sagarana)
UHPPRUULGR
(Fernando Sabino) RESPOSTAS
1-A 2-B 3- D 4- C 5- B 6- D 7- C
G Que que tem trazer uma flor para casa?

10
 Lngua Portuguesa
INFORMAES LITERAIS E INFERNCIAS POSSVEIS
Em um trabalho com leitura preciso levar-se em conta
alguns pressupostos bsicos para se desenvolver esse ato
de forma competente. Para isso, nenhuma tarefa de leitura
deve ser iniciada sem que se encontrem motivos para ela, ou
seja, sem que esteja claro o seu sentido. Os objetivos dos
leitores em relao aos textos podem ser variados e esto
relacionados com a diversidade de textos a que tiverem a-
cesso.
Quem l deve ser capaz de interrogar-se sobre sua pr-
pria compreenso, estabelecer relaes entre o que l e o
que faz parte do seu acervo pessoal, questionar seu conhe-
cimento e modific-lo, estabelecer generalizaes que permi-
tam transferir o que foi aprendido para outros textos diferen-
tes etc. Para que a leitura se processe de modo eficaz, duas
condies so essenciais: a qualidade dos conhecimentos
temticos disponveis pelo leitor e a integridade das vias
fonolgica e lexical, para que as palavras sejam reconhecidas
com rapidez. Os conhecimentos temticos se referem aos
conhecimentos que o leitor possui a respeito do tema lido.
Essa quantidade de conhecimentos vai influenciar a com-
preenso de informaes explcitas e implcitas contidas no
texto. Por isso importante fazer um levantamento sobre o
que se conhece do tema e, caso no se tenha muitos conhe-
cimentos, aproximar-se ao mximo do contedo ajudando,
assim, a estabelecer relaes com algum fato que se conhe-
a. Quanto mais o leitor conhecer, mais possibilidades de
fazer inferncias ter.
Em uma anlise textual, geralmente so apresentados os
seguintes tipos de questes:
Domnio do vocabulrio: as respostas podem ser obtidas
mediante deduo, anlise da formao das palavras ou
deduzidas pelo seu contexto. A confirmao pode ser obtida
pelo prprio dicionrio.
Compreenso do texto: questes que envolvam a volta ao
texto, exigindo principalmente a habilidade de localizao das
respostas.
  Interpretao do texto: perguntas mais abertas que exi-
gem a capacidade de realizar-se inferncias e dedues a
partir das informaes fornecidas pelo texto. Trata-se de
desvelar o que est escrito nas entrelinhas, o que no foi dito,
o que est implcito nas pistas fornecidas pelo texto.
  Extrapolao do texto: permite a extrapolao das res-
postas, a partir das informaes do texto. Desenvolve a ca-
pacidade crtica e argumentativa, estabelecendo relaes
entre o texto e os prprios conhecimentos prvios sobre o
contedo em questo. Permite tambm a generalizao de
alguns dos recursos utilizados pelos autores, aplicando-os
em diferentes contextos (Elody Nunes Moraes)
Informaes explcitas e implcitas
Observe a seguinte frase:
Fiz faculdade, mas aprendi algumas coisas.
Nela, o falante transmite duas informaes de maneira
explcita:
que ele frequentou um curso superior;
que ele aprendeu algumas coisas.
$ROLJDUHVVDVGXDVLQIRUPDo}HVFRPXPPDVFRPXQLFD
tambm de modo implcito sua crtica ao sistema de ensino
superior, pois a frase passa a transmitir a ideia de que nas
faculdades no se aprende nada.
Um dos aspectos mais intrigantes da leitura de um texto
a verificao de que ele pode dizer coisas que parece no
estar dizendo: alm de informaes explicitamente enuncia
11
das, existem outras que ficam subentendidas ou pressups
tas. Para realizar uma leitura eficiente, o leitor deve captar
tanto os dados explcitos quantos os implcitos. Leitor perspi-
caz aquele que consegue ler nas entrelinhas. Caso contr-
rio, ele pode passar por cima de significados importantes e
decisivos ou o que pior pode concordar com coisas que
rejeitaria se as percebesse.
INFERNCIAS POSSVEIS
A ativao da inferncia, isto , a leitura do que no est
explcito (as entrelinhas, o tom e a intencionalidade do texto),
acontece ao longo de todo o processo de leitura. Vejamos
isso na prtica.
Cristo chega para dividir
Precedido de intensa polmica, estreia hoje em mais de
500 cinemas de todo o pas o filme A paixo de Cristo, de
Mel Gibson. Concentrando a ao nas ltimas 12 horas da
vida de Jesus, o astro da srie Mquina mortfera inicia seu
filme com o Cristo fragilizado, que duvida de si mesmo, no
Jardim das Oliveiras, e prossegue com seu suplcio fsico,
culminando nas brutais cenas da crucificao, at chegar
ressurreio. Os crticos reclamam do excesso de violncia,
a comunidade judaica acusa o diretor de antissemitismo e os
homossexuais lembram que Gibson no deixou de ser o
homfobo de sempre. A polmica est apenas comeando e
A paixo de Cristo estreia com lotao esgotada em muitas
salas. Com A paixo de Cristo, no se trata de gostar ou no
gostar, mas ver esse filme uma experincia intensa que
deve ser usufruda por quem leva o cinema a srio.
(O Estado de S. Paulo - Caderno 2 19/03/2004)
Podemos tentar ler algumas das entrelinhas do texto com a
ajuda de perguntas como:
Qual a posio do autor em relao polmica e ao filme?
Por qu? Qual a inteno do artigo? Por qu? Quais os
argumentos utilizados para persuadir o leitor?
E, no caso, concluir que:
A posio do autor em relao polmica neutra, ele s
cita os comentrios de grupos especficos sem emitir sua
opinio a respeito. Quanto ao filme, positiva, pois no faz
nenhuma crtica negativa direta e ainda incentiva que seja
visto. A inteno do artigo chamar a ateno para a estreia
do filme, valendo-se da polmica como chamariz, e incentivar
que seja assistido. Um argumento forte que o filme est
alm da poOrPLFDHTXHpXPDH[SHULrQFLDLntensa que deve
ser usufruGDSRUTXHPOHYDFLQHPDDVpULR
EXERCCIO
1 - Na propaganda a seguir, a afirmao de que Deus fez o
mundo em seis dias e, no stimo, descansou em tal cidade,
leva o leitor mensagem implcita de que o referido lugar :
(Dirio Catarinense, 23/03/2005)
a) um lugar prprio para continuar trabalhando
b) um lugar maravilhoso
c) um lugar desconhecido
d) um lugar movimentado
RESPOSTA
1-B
 Lngua Portuguesa
PONTO DE VISTA DO AUTOR
O Ponto de Vista o elemento da narrao que compre-
ende a perspectiva atravs da qual se conta uma histria. ,
basicamente, a posio a qual o narrador, enquanto instncia
narrante ou voz que articula a narrao, conta a histria. Os
pontos de vista mais conhecidos so dois: Narrador-
Observador e Narrador-Personagem.
O Narrador-Observador aquele que conta a histria
atravs de uma perspectiva de fora da histria, isto , ele no
se confunde com nenhum dos personagens. Este foco narra-
tivo se d, predominantemente, em terceira pessoa e pode
ser dividido em:
-Narrador-Observador Onisciente: o narrador que tudo
sabe sobre o enredo, os personagens e seus pensamentos.
A oniscincia do narrador pode ou no se limitar a apenas um
dos personagens da histria . Exemplos: Fielding, em Tom
Jones; Tolstoi, em Guerra e Paz, Perto do corao selvagem,
de Clarice Lispector.
que se passa na mente dos outros personagens. Exemplo:
Memorial de Aires, de Machado de Assis; As Aventuras de
Sherlock Holmes, de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
3DUD6KHUORFN+ROPHVHODpVHPSUHDPXOKHU5DUDV
vezes o ouvi mencion-la de outra maneira. Para seus
olhos, ela eclipsava e se sobrepunha s demais mu-
lheres. No que ele estivesse apaixonado por Irene
Adler. Todas as emoes, e particularmente essa, a-
borreciam sua mente fria, precisa, mas admiravelmen-
WHHTXLOLEUDGD Um Escndalo na Bomia, de A. Co-
nan Doyle.
Uma das caractersticas de ambos o foco narrativo a
possibilidade de o narrador, enquanto relata a histria, co-
mentar sobre os mais diversos temas como o prprio enredo,
a sua vida e a vida dos personagens ou sobre o cenrio da
narrativa. O narrador que faz este comentrio chamado de
Intruso; o que no o faz, de Neutro. Nada impede de que,
numa mesma histria, exista mais de um foco narrativo. O
autor deve ter cautela ao executar a mudana do ponto de
vista, evitando possveis confuses no enredo e mau enten-
4XDQGR DFRUGDYD QmR VDELD PDLV TXHP HUD 6y
depois que pensava com satisfao: sou datilgrafa
e virgem, e gosto de coca-FROD A hora da estrela,
de Clarice Lispector.
-Narrador-Observador Cmera: Este narrador no tem a
cincia do que se passa nas mentes dos personagens da
histria, mas conhece tudo sobre o enredo e sobre qualquer
outra informao que no sejam ntimas da psique dos per-
sonagens. Exemplo: Goodbye to Berlin, romance-reportagem
de Isherwood.
$OLSHODVRQ]HKRUDVGDPDQKmRYHOKR-RDTXLP3UHs-
tes chegou no pesqueiro. Embora fizesse fora em se
mostrar amvel por causa da visita convidada para a
pescaria, vinha mal-humorado daquelas cinco lguas
cabritando na estrada pssima. Alias o fazendeiro era
de pouco riso mesmo, j endurecido pelos setenta e
cinco anos que o mumificavam naquele esqueleto a-
JXGRHWDFLWXUQR- O poo, de Mrio de Andrade.
O Narrador-Personagem aquele que conta a histria
atravs de uma perspectiva de dentro da histria, isto , ele,
de alguma forma participa do enredo, sendo um dos perso-
nagens da histria, usando a Primeira Pessoa para se contar
historia. Pode-se classificar o Narrador-Personagem em:
-Narrador-Personagem Protagonista: Este narrador a
personagem principal da histria, narrando-a de um ponto de
vista fixo: o seu. No sabe o que pensam os outros persona-
gens e apenas narra os acontecimentos como os percebe ou
lembra. Exemplos: Grande Serto: Vereda, Guimares Rosa;
Memrias Pstumas de Brs Cubas, de Machado de Assis.
9DLHQWmRHPSDFRXRMXPHQWRHPTXHHXYLQKDPRn-
tado; fustiguei-o, ele deu dois corcovos, depois mais
WUrVHQILPPDLV XPTXHPHVDFXGLX IRUD GDVHOD
PDVXPDOPRFUeve, que ali estava, acudiu a tempo de
lhe pegar na rdea e det-lo, no sem esforo nem
perigo. Dominado o bruto, desvencilhei-me do estribo
e pus-PH GH Sp -Memrias Pstuma de Brs Cu-
bas,de Machado de Assis.
-Narrador-Personagem Testemunha: o narrador que vive
os acontecimentos por ele descritos como personagem se-
cundria.
um ponto de vista mais limitado, uma vez que ele narra
a periferia dos acontecimentos, sendo incapaz de conhecer o
12
dimento dos leitores.
EXERCCIOS
1 Leia o texto:
Mas Lusa, a Luisinha, saiu muito boa dona de casa;
tinha cuidados muito simpticos nos seus arranjos; era
asseada, alegre como um passarinho, como um passarinho
amiga do ninho e das carcias do macho; e aquele serzi-
nho louro e meigo veio dar sua casa um encanto srio.
(...)
Estavam casados havia trs anos. Que bom que tinha
sido! Ele prprio melhorara; achava- se mais inteligente ,
mais alegre . . . E recordando aquela existncia fcil e
doce, soprava o fumo do charuto, a perna traada, a alma
dilatada, sentindo- se to bem na vida como no seu
jaqueto de flanela! Ea de Queirs, O primo Baslio
No texto encontra- se:
a) um narrador de 3 pessoa que, do ponto de vista da figura
feminina, narra as aventuras de um casal apaixonado.
b) um narrador-personagem, identificado como o marido de
Lusa, que enaltece os prazeres do amor.
c) um narrador-personagem que descreve a mulher como
uma dona de casa cuidadosa e inteligente, atributos in-
comuns na poca.
d) um narrador de 1 pessoa que se utiliza do discurso
direto para dar voz ao marido de Lusa.
e) um narrador onisciente que, por meio do discurso indire-
to l i v re, desvenda os pensamentos do marido de Lusa.
2 - Narrador que vive os acontecimentos por ele descritos
como personagem secundria.
a) narrador-personagem protagonista
b) narrador-personagem testemunha
b) narrador-observador onisciente
d) narrador-observador cmera
RESPOSTA
1-E 2-B
 Lngua Portuguesa
SIGNIFICAO CONTEXTUAL DE PALAVRAS
E EXPRESSES. SINNIMOS E ANTNIMOS.
SENTIDO PRPRIO E FIGURADO DAS PALAVRAS.
Sentido literal aquele que pode ser tomado como o
senWLGR EiVLFR XVXDO GD SDODYUD RX H[SUHVVmR HVVH SRGH
ser compreendido sem ajuda do contexto. Quando uma
palavra ou enunciado se apresenta em seu sentido usual,
adquire valor denotativo.
Ganhei uma flor vermelha.
Sentido figurado o que as palavras ou expresses
adquirem em situaes particulares de uso. A palavra tem
valor conotativo quando seu significado ampliado ou altera-
do no contexto em que empregada, sugerindo ideias que
vo alm de seu sentido mais usual.
A menina uma flor.
Os vocbulos de uma lngua constituem um conjunto
ordenado, e o que concorre para essa ordenao o fato de
apresentarem semelhanas de forma, de sentido e de funo,
como vimos na introduo. Da poderem ser agrupados ou
classificados levando em conta trs critrios: o formal ou
mrfico, o semntico e o funcional. O critrio formal ou mrfi-
co baseia-se nas caractersticas da estrutura do vocbulo; o
semntico baseia-se no seu modo de significao (extralin-
gustico e intralingustico), e o funcional baseia-se na funo
ou papel que ele desempenha na orao.
CAMPO LEXICAL
Lxico: o conjunto de palavras usadas em uma lngua ou
em um texto. Quanto lngua, no existe um falante que
domine por completo seu lxico, pois o idioma vivo e voc-
bulos vo desaparecendo, enquanto novos surgem. Quanto
ao texto, o lxico corresponde s palavras utilizadas na escri-
ta do mesmo. As vrias palavras de um texto podem ser
reagrupadas sob um mesmo tema ou sob um mesmo dom-
nio de significao. Tem-se assim um campo lexical que pe
em evidncia as preocupaes do autor.
Campo lexical o conjunto de palavras que, no interior
de um texto ou grupo de textos, exprime a mesma ideia ou
descreve uma mesma realidade. Observe alguns campos
lexicais:
Escola: professor, caderno, aula, livro, apostila, material
escolar, diretor, etc.
Internet: web, pgina, link, portal, blog, site, etc.
Linguagem bblica: mandamentos, Jesus, Novo Testa-
mento, Apocalipse, Cus, Inferno, discpulos, etc.
CAMPO SEMNTICO
Semntica: o estudo das significaes das palavras, ou
seja, do significado de cada vocbulo existente na lngua. As
palavras de um texto, devido ao carter polissmico que
normalmente tm, podem evocar vrias significaes, geran-
do ento um grupo semntico.
Campo semntico o conjunto dos significados, dos
conceitos que uma palavra possui. Um mesmo termo tem ou
pode ter vrios sentidos, os quais so escolhidos de acordo
com o contexto abordado. Veja alguns exemplos de campos
semnticos:
levar: transportar, carregar, retirar, guiar, transmitir, pas-
sar, receber.
natureza: seres que constituem o universo, temperamen-
to, espcie, qualidade.
nota: anotao, breve comunicao escrita, comunicao o texto inocente, escrito com tina ordinria, informaes con-
escrita e oficial do governo, cdula, som musical, ateno.
13
SIGNIFICAO E CONTEXTO
Os procedimentos de anlise e interpretao da obra
literria passam sempre por sua semntica e pelas associa-
es, que tambm envolvem os smbolos. Da muito impor-
tante, no processo de estudo de um texto, fazer associaes
de palavras e procurar observar que muitas delas possuem
significados diversos e adquirem novos valores em determi-
nados contextos. Para isso, a consulta aos dicionrios qua-
se indispensvel para os que estudam literatura. Simples
substantivos e adjetivos podem dar uma nova significao
aos textos, como o branco pode representar a pureza, o gato
a agilidade ou a sensualidade, o porco a voracidade ou a
comilana, o co a fidelidade, etc. Em um conto de Osman
Lins, Missa do galo, inspirado no homnimo de Machado de
Assis, o narrador conta a noite em que esteve com Concei-
o, mulher casada, momentos antes de ir missa do galo.
Pela leitura do conto de Machado de Assis fica-se sabendo
que o jovem tinha dezessete anos, e a mulher, cerca de trin-
ta. Conversam na sala e em determinado momento vo para
o quarto. Eis o trecho:
Resguardada por uma tulipa de cristal azul, e duplicada
no espelho ante o qual est acesa, uma vela faz levitar um
cntaro e uma bacia de loua, os santos do oratrio, a cama
com seu lenol sem rugas, o tapete roxo, as sombras, d s
paredes consistncia de seda ou de papel, e a prpria Con-
ceio parece um ser sem peso, capaz de se mover em to-
dos os sentidos, sereia, anmona, peixe florido. O quadro
trs moas de branco, vagando entre flores suspensas dos
claros e imemoriais chapus tem qualquer coisa de mrbido
e fludico. Mostra-me o lbum de fotografias. Com cuidado,
evita as mais recentes ou passa-as com excessiva rapidez.
nas antigas, de h dez ou doze anos, que prefere deter-se.
Olhamos para elas sem falar, apenas sorrimos uma ou outra
vez, como convm. Estamos prximos e seu perfume envol-
ve-me, misturado com cheiro da vela e o odor da naftalina
ou do tempo - , esse odor sempre existe nos lbuns de foto-
grafias e que substitui os outros, de mulheres, de tardes e
manhs, ali imveis. Interpondo a mo entre a chama da vela
e o rosto da mulher, vejo-o sucessivamente brilhar e quase
ocultar-se na sombra. Como nessas mensagens secretas,
redigidas com tinta especial e que, mergulhadas num cido,
vo revelando aos poucos, sob o texto inocente, escrito com
tinta ordinria, informaes confidenciais, estes mergulhos
na luz e na penumbra dissolvem o rosto habitual, comum,
inexpressivo, descobrindo o outro, esplendente de vida, in-
flamado por uma ardente beleza, que o marido talvez desco-
nhea e ela prpria nunca imaginou possuir. No silncio,
imperturbado mesmo quando nos movemos (deixamos, por
precauo, nossos sapatos juntos, ao p da escada), ouo o
crepitar da vela e, muito longe, o som alegre dos sinos. Deve
estar prxima de mim, menor a sombra da mo na sua
face, donde flui no sei que melodia. A sombra espalmada
desce lentamente sobre as grandes flores do busto, dos qua-
dris, ambos ficam hirtos.No escutei o carro aproximar-se:
vinha at ns o rudo imperioso e contnuo do motor, fecha-
ram a porta; bateram janela.
- Chegaram seus amigos. V depressa.
(Lins, Osman. Missa do galo. In: Assis, Machado de. et alii. Op. Cit.
P. 50-1.)
O narrador parece no querer entrar em detalhes sobre o
que se passou realmente no quarto de Conceio. Teriam
cometido adultrio? Sim. E o narrador, discretamente, relata-
nos isso, ou melhor, apenas para aqueles que sabem ler
essas mensagens secretas, redigidas com tinta especial e
que, mergulhadas num cido, vo revelando aos poucos, sob
fidenciais.
 Lngua Portuguesa
Se fizermos as associaes necessrias e observarmos
as relaes semnticas, o campo lexical, as palavras de
denominao e caracterizao, vamos descobrir de imediato
um texto cheio de smbolos. Conceio parece um ser sem
peso (estaria deitada?), uma sereia (mito feminino da seduto-
ra), anmona (planta que se caracteriza por grandes flores
variadamente coloridas e que tambm simboliza o efmero).
No pargrafo seguinte, Conceio, uma mulher com cerca de
trinta anos (o narrador tinha dezessete, como se sabe pela
leitura do conto original de Machado de Assis), mostra-lhe
fotos antigas, que estabelecem uma aproximao de idades.
No terceiro e quarto pargrafos, o narrador acaricia o corpo
de Conceio, interpondo a mo entre a chama da vela e o
rosto da mulher. Segundo o narrador, apenas a sombra de
sua mo que a acaricia. Por que, ento, quando esta sombra
est sobre as grandes flores do busto, dos quadris, ambos
ficam hirtos? O narrador chega a ouvir o crepitar da vela e o
som alegre dos sinos. Dizem que pessoas apaixonadas com
um simpleVEHLMRFKHJDPDRXYLUVLQRVO fato, enfim, que
no existem segredos para quem sabe ler essas mensagens
secretas, revelada aos poucos, sob o texto inocente..., como
o prprio narrador faz questo de dizer, alertando o leitor,
dando-lhe uma pista de leitura.
(Joo Domingues Maia. Literatura: textos & tcnicas)
Escolha lexical e preciso conceitual
Por preciso conceitual entende-se a maior aproximao
possvel entre a palavra escolhida e o conceito que se pre-
tende transmitir.
Em outros termos, entre vrias palavras capazes de tra-
duzir um conceito, existe uma que, por assim dizer, acerta no
alvo.
Outras, no mesmo contexto, ficariam mais prximas ou
menos do conceito desejado.
Exemplo desse exerccio da palavra mais precisa encon-
tramos no quotidiano, quando a pessoa percorre a memria
busca da melhor opo, como neste dilogo:
- Como mesmo que se diz quando queremos falar de
uma pessoa que no tem jeito?
- Desajeitada?
- No. Aquela que no tem mais conserto.
- Como assim?
- Uma pessoa que m e a gente sabe que nunca vai dei-
xar de ser.
- Ah! Incorrigvel.
- Isso. Essa a palavra que eu queria.

ADEQUAO CONCEITUAL
mais ou menos isso que se passa na mente de uma
Em consequncia da complexidade que envolve a enun- pessoa em busca da preciso conceitual.
ciao, ou seja, o ato comunicativo efetivo, os conceitos de
Quando se escreve podendo fazer consulta, o dicionrio
certo ou errado ficam muito superficiais. necessrio consi-
comum ou o dicionrio de sinnimos ajuda.
derar um novo conceito: a adequao. Um enunciado pode
ser considerado adequado quando apropriado aos elemen- Na falta desse recurso, num exame sem consulta, cabe
tos presentes no processo de comunicao. Entende-se que ao redator sempre teimar um pouco, em vez de se entregar
o uso que cada indivduo faz da lngua depende de vrias primeira palavra que lhe vem mente.
circunstncias: do que vai ser falado (assunto), do meio utili-
zado (canal),do contexto (espao ambiente-temporal), do
nvel social e cultural de quem fala e, importantssimo, de EXERCCIOS
quem o interlocutor (ou seja, quem a pessoa para quem
se est falando). Isso significa que a linguagem do texto deve
estar adequada situao, ao interlocutor e intencionali- 1 Para ingls ver
dade do falante. Assim, seria inadequado um professor uni-
versitrio fazer uma palestra para os alunos de primeira a 0XLWDJHQWHXVDDH[SUHVVmRSDUDLQJOrVYHUPDVSRu-
quarta sries do Ensino Fundamental empregando palavras cos conhecem sua origem. Costuma ser associada lei de
eruditas, desenvolvendo argumentos complexos e estruturas 1831, fruto de um tratado de 1826, assinado pelo Brasil e a
sintticas elaboradas ele no seria compreendido por seus Inglaterra por presso desta, que nivelou o trfico negreiro
interlocutores. pirataria. Como a proibio no pegou, o dispositivo foi apeli-
GDGR GH OHL SDUD LQJOrV YHU 2XWUD YHrso diz que a frase
situao enunciado adequao vem do tempo em que D. Joo, recm-chegado ao Brasil,
Texto de um E a, cara? Adequado promoveu uma faustosa recepo aos seus aliados britni-
e-mail envia- Vamos no cinema (O enunciado contradiz cos, totalmente desproporcional aos usos destes tristes trpi-
do por uma noite? algumas regras da FRV 7XGR SDUD LQJOrV YHU malharam os fofoqueiros da
adolescente Me responda logo. gramtica normativa, corte.
a uma amiga. Bj, Ju. mas adequado)
Nossa Histria

Texto de um Professora, Adequado

e-mail envia- Mando-lhe este e-mail (O enunciado ade- Assinale a alternativa correta.
do por uma para justificar minha quado e no contradiz
adolescente ausncia no dia da as regras da gramtica a) pegou empregado no texto em seu sentido literal,
a uma pro- prova. Adoeci de repen- normativa)
fessora. te, mas amanh estarei
j que a lei no permitiu a priso daqueles que prati-
de volta na escola e cavam o trfico de escravos.
levarei o atestado mdi-
co. b) pra ingls ver hoje empregado com o mesmo
Obrigada,
Juliana
sentido com que surgiu e aplicado a situaes que
nos constranjam perante os ingleses.
Fala de um Boa tarde. Como voc Inadequado
adolescente est? (Embora inadequado, o c) faustosa VLJQLILFDEDUXOKHQWDHMXVWLILFDDLQDGHTXa-
ao telefone, Gostaria de saber se enunciado no contra- o da festa ao ambiente recatado da corte brasilei-
direcionada a poderamos ir ao cinema diz as regras da gram- ra.
um amigo. no sbado. Divertiramo- tica normativa)
nos muito.
Fala de um E a, mermo, to te Inadequado d) para ingls ver, pegou e malharam inserem-se em
adolescente ligando pra saber se (O enunciado inade- um mesmo nvel de utilizao da lngua, o informal.
ao telefone, amanh vai ter aula ou quado e contradiz
direcionada no. algumas regras norma- e) o dispositivo refere-se forma de aplicao da lei
secretaria da tivas)
escola. que proibiu a prtica da pirataria.

14
 Lngua Portuguesa
2 Nas oraes a seguir, as expresses coloquiais destaca-
das podem ser substitudas por sinnimas.
HEHLMDYDWXGRTXHHUDPXOKHUTXHSDVVD-se dando sopa
TXHR3DSDde araque
 QXPD KRPHQDJHP WDPEpP DRV VDOJXHLUHQVHV TXH QR
Carnaval de 1967, entraram pelo cano
Indique que opo equivale, do ponto de vista do sentido, a
essas expresses:
a) descuidando, falso, deram-se mal.
b) reclamando, falso, obstruram-se.
c) descuidando, esperto, saram-se vitoriosos.
d) reclamando, falso, deram-se mal.
e) descuidando, esperto, obstruram-se.
3 - Leia o texto a seguir:
Foi ento que aconteceu. De pura afobao a galinha ps
um ovo. Surpreendida, exausta. Talvez fosse prematuro. Mas
logo depois, nascida que fora para a maternidade, parecia
uma velha me habituada. Sentou-se sobre o ovo e assim
ficou respirando, abotoando e desabotoando os olhos. Seu
corao to pequeno, num prato solevava e abaixava as
penas enchendo de tepidez aquilo que nunca passaria de um
ovo. S a menina estava perto e assistiu a tudo estarrecida.
Mal porm conseguiu desvencilhar-se do acontecimento
despregou-se do cho e saiu aos gritos:
- Mame, mame, no mate mais a galinha, ela ps um
ovo! Ela quer o nosso bem!
Todos correram de novo cozinha e rodearam a jovem
parturiente. Esquentando seu filho, esta no era nem suave
nem arisca, nem alegre nem triste, no era nada, era uma
galinha. O que no sugeria nenhum sentimento especial. O
pai, a me e a filha olhavam j h algum tempo, sem propri-
amente um pensamento qualquer. Nunca ningum acariciou
uma cabea de galinha. O pai afinal decidiu-se com certa
brusquido:
- Se voc mandar matar esta galinha nunca mais comerei
galinha na minha vida!
$PmHFDQVDGDGHXGHRPEURV
(Lispector,Clarice )
Por que a menina associa o fato de a galinha ter posto um
ovo com a ideia de que ela quer o bem da famlia?
a) Porque assim a galinha estaria ajudando na economia
domstica.
b) Porque pr um ovo trazer vida e para a menina, trazer
vida para o seio da famlia trazer o bem, j que a ideia de
vida se ope de morte, o mal.
c) Porque a menina pde presenciar a galinha botando um
ovo.
d) Porque seria divertido ver outras vezes a galinha pr
ovos.
e) Nenhuma das alternativas.
RESPOSTAS
1-D 2-A 3-B
15
SENTIDO PRPRIO E SENTIDO FIGURADO
Pela prpria definio acima destacada podemos perce-
ber que a palavra composta por duas partes, uma delas
relacionada a sua forma escrita e os seus sons (denominada
significante) e a outra relacionada ao que ela (palavra) ex-
pressa, ao conceito que ela traz (denominada significado).
Em relao ao seu SIGNIFICADO as palavras se subdivi-
dem assim:
Sentido Prprio - o sentido literal, ou seja, o sentido
comum que costumamos dar a uma palavra.
Sentido Figurado - o sentido "simblico", "figurado",
que podemos dar a uma palavra.
Vamos analisar a palavra cobra utilizada em diferentes
contextos:
1. A cobra picou o menino. (cobra = tipo de rptil peo-
nhento)
2. A sogra dele uma cobra. (cobra = pessoa desagrad-
vel, que adota condutas pouco apreciveis)
3. O cara cobra e computador! (cobra = pessoa que co-
nhece muito sobre alguma coisa, "expert")
No item 1 aplica-se o termo cobra em seu sentido comum
(ou literal).
Nos itens 2 e 3 o termo cobra aplicado em sentido figu-
rado.
Podemos ento concluir que um mesmo significante (par-
te concreta) pode ter vrios significados (conceitos).
Quando pensamos nas facetas significativas das pala-
vras, inseridas nos mais diferentes contextos, podemos pen-
sar naquilo que a semntica chama de DENOTAO e de
CONOTAO.
Tais conceitos so importantes para voc que se prepara
para prestar uma prova de lngua portuguesa - num concurso,
no vestibular, no Enem ou o que quer que seja.
Para dar aquela ajudinha, vamos falar um pouquinho so-
bre essas duas possibilidades de atribuio do significado ao
significante.
Sentido denotativo (ou "literal", "ao p da letra") aquele
em que a palavra est no seu uso mais comum, real e imedi-
ato; quando predomina tal uso significativo da palavra, dize-
mos que a linguagem denotativa.
Aquela cobra capturada pelos bombeiros muito veneno-
sa!
Agora, quando a palavra no est sendo usada em seu
sentido comum, configurando um pequeno desvio ou acrs-
cimo em seu sentido original, dizemos que a linguagem
conotativa ou figurada. Observe o exemplo:
Aquela cobra ainda vai dizer o que no deve. (cobra =
pessoa ruim, venenosa).
Assim, se voc conseguiu entender bem o que so a co-
notao e a denotao, vai perceber que, no uso cotidiano da
lngua, no poderamos dizer, por exemplo:
"O caminho que levava as frutas tombou; o povo o sa-
queou e fez, literalmente, a feira."
"O preo dos alimentos subiu de modo considervel; est
nas nuvens, literalmente."
 Lngua Portuguesa
"Quando o namorado de Sueli partiu, ela, literalmente, SINNIMOS E ANTNIMOS
rastejou nos telefonemas, suplicando a sua volta."
Sinonmia ou sinnimos so palavras que possuem
Fica claro que, nos exemplos dados acima, houve apenas significados iguais ou semelhantes.
situaes de nfase; em nenhuma situao a palavra literal-
mente, portanto, est adequadamente empregada.
Aquela garota veloz.
conveniente que voc atente para a construo do sen- Aquela garota rpida.
tido no texto para saber como interpretar as informaes
codificadas pelo autor da maneira mais fiel possvel. Entre os sinnimos, h sempre um que se destaca por ser
mais expressivo, assim, no dicionrio, aparecem vrios signi-
Vale lembrar que, hoje em dia, as provas de lngua portu- ficados de cada palavra, cabe ao escritor achar a mais apro-
guesa exigem muita interpretao e identificao correta da priada ao seu contexto.
inteno por trs das palavras, o que faz com que, necessa-
riamente, voc mantenha os dois olhos bem abertos para os
ANTNIMOS OU ANTONMIA
chamados fenmenos semnticos.

Buscar o sentido das coisas mais importantes na leitura Antonmia ou antnimos so palavras que possuem
que fazemos dos mais variados textos a nossa volta. significados opostos.

Seu cabelo est muito comprido.

EXERCCIOS Seu cabelo est muito curto.
1 - Assinale a alternativa cujo termo grifado NO linguagem Algumas palavras opostas se originam de um prefixo de
conotativa:
sentido negativo ou oposto.
DPDVXPGHIXQWRDXWRUSDUDTXHPDFDPSDIRLRXWUR
bero feliz infeliz
E$FUHVFHTXHFKRYLD- peneirava - uma chuvinha mida, agradvel desagradvel
WULVWH bendizer maldizer
F$QDWXUH]DSDUHFHHVWDU chorando a perda irreparvel
 PARNIMOS
GQRGLVFXUVRTXHSURIHULX beira da minha cova
2 - O item em que o termo sublinhado est empregado no
sentido denotativo :
Paronmia ou parnimos so palavras que possuem
significados diferentes, mas so muito parecidas no som e na
escrita.
O garotinho gosta de brincar de pio.
D $OpP GRV JDQKRV HFRQ{PLFRV D QRYD UHDOLGDGH UHn- O garoto sonha em ser peo de boiadeiro.
deu frutos SROtWLFRV
EFRPSHUFHQWXDLVFDSD]HVGHFDXVDULnveja ao presi- Veja, a seguir, a relao de alguns parnimos:
GHQWH
F2VJHQpUicos esto abrindo as portas GRPHUFDGR absolver - perdoar
GDLQG~VWULDdisparou JRUGRVLQYHVWLPHQWRV
absorver - sorver
acostumar - contrair hbito
3 - Assinale o segmento em que NO foram usadas palavras costumar - ter por hbito
em sentido figurado: amoral - indiferente moral
imoral - contra a moral
a) Lendo o futuro no passado dos polticos (...)
b) As fontes que iam beber em seus ouvidos. apstrofe - figura de linguagem
c) Eram 75 linhas que jorravam na mquina de escrever apstrofo - sinal grfico
com regularidade mecnica. aprender - instituir-se
d) Antes do meio-dia, a coluna estava pronta. apreender - assimilar
e) (...) capaz de cortar com a elegncia de um golpe de
florete. arrear - pr arreios
arriar - descer, baixar
cavaleiro - aquele que anda a cavalo
4 - O item em que o termo sublinhado est empregado no cavalheiro - homem educado
sentido denotativo : comprimento - extenso
D $OpP GRV JDQKRV HFRQ{PLFRV D QRYD UHDOLGDGH UHn- cumprimento - saudao
deu frutos SROtWLFRV deferir - conceder, atender
EFRPSHUFHQWXDLVFDSD]HVGHFDXVDUinveja ao presi- diferir - ser diferente, adiar
GHQWH delatar - denunciar
F2VJHQpULFRVHVWmRabrindo as portas GRPHUFDGR dilatar - alargar
GDLQG~VWULDGLVSDURXgordos LQYHVWLPHQWRV
HColheu XPDUHYHODomRVXUSUHHQGHQWH descrio - ato de descrever
discrio - ser discreto
descriminar - inocentar
discriminar - distinguir
RESPOSTAS despensa - lugar onde se guardam mantimentos
1-D 2-B 3-D 4-B dispensa - licena
destratar - insultar
distratar - desfazer
emergir - vir tona

16
 Lngua Portuguesa
imergir - mergulhar
CLASSES DE PALAVRAS: EMPREGO E SENTIDO
emigrar - sair da ptria
QUE IMPRIMEM S RELAES QUE ESTABELECEM:
imigrar - entrar num pas estranho para nele morar SUBSTANTIVO, ADJETIVO, ARTIGO, NUMERAL,
eminente - notvel, clebre PRONOME, VERBO, ADVRBIO,
iminente - prestes a acontecer PREPOSIO E CONJUNO
estdio - praa de esportes
estgio - preparao, perodo
Palavra varivel a palavra que altera sua forma para in-
flagrante - evidente dicar um acidente gramatical. Palavra invarivel a palavra
fragrante - perfumado de forma fixa.
incidente - episdio
acidente - desastre As palavras agrupam-se em dez classes gramaticais. E-
xistem classes gramaticais de palavras variveis e classes
inflao - desvalorizao (dinheiro) gramaticais de palavras invariveis
infrao - violao
infligir - aplicar castigo SUBSTANTIVO
infringir - no respeitar
tico - relativo ao ouvido Substantivo a palavra que d nome s pessoas, ani-
ptico - relativo viso mais, lugares, coisas ou seres em geral. Divide-se em:
peo - amansador de cavalos, pea no jogo de xadrez
pio - brinquedo 1) Comum: o substantivo que d nome a todos os seres da
pequenez - relativo a pequeno mesma espcie: aluno, animal, vegetal, homem.
pequins - originrio de Pequim, raa de ces
2) Prprio: o substantivo que d nome a um ser da mesma
plaga - regio, pas
praga - maldio espcie: Jlia, Brasil, Copacabana, Tatuap.
pleito - disputa eleitoral 3) Concreto: o substantivo que designa seres de existncia
preito - homenagem
real ou que a imaginao representa: mulher, pedra, Deus,
precedente - antecedente fada, lobisomem.
procedente - proveniente
ratificar - confirmar 4) Abstrato: o substantivo que designa qualidade ou sen-
retificar - corrigir timento, ao e estado dos seres, dos quais se podem abs-
reboco - argamassa de cal e areia trair (separar) e sem os quais no poderiam existir: beleza,
reboque - cabo que prende um veculo a outro coragem, brancura (qualidades), viagem, estudo, doao,
soar- produzir som esforo, fuga (aes), amor, saudade, alegria, dor, fome
suar verter suor pelos poros (sentimentos, sensaes), vida, morte, cegueira, doena
(estados).

EXERCCIOS 5) Simples: o substantivo formado por um s elemento

(radical): discos, flor, vitrola, couve.
1) Assinale o sinnimo da palavra destacada na seguinte
IUDVH(ORJLRXRGHSXWDGRHWRGRVRVVHXVsequazes 6) Composto: o substantivo formado por mais de um ele-
a) inimigos mento: couve-flor, guarda-chuva, pingue-pongue, p de mo-
b) parentes leque, passatempo.
c) partidrios
d) adversrios 7) Primitivo: o substantivo que foi criado antes de outros
e) alunos no uso corrente da lngua: livro, pedra, dente, flor.

2) Assinale o antnimo da palavra destacada na seguinte 8) Derivado: o substantivo que foi criado depois de outro
IUDVH 2 prolixo professor Pinheiro discursava sobre a gra- no uso corrente da lngua: livreiro, pedreiro, dentista, florista.
PiWLFDQRUPDWLYD
a) sensual 9) Coletivo: o substantivo que representa um conjunto de
b) lacnico seres da mesma espcie: lbum, esquadrilha.
c) insolente
d) fatdico Alguns coletivos mais comuns:
e) trgicos
Grupos de pessoas
3) Os significados das palavras parnimas: imergir, eminn-
cia, descrio so, respectivamente: assembleia: de pessoas reunidas, de parlamentares
a) afundar, proximidade de ocorrncia, reserva associao: de scios
auditrio: de ouvintes
b) subir, proximidade de ocorrncia, exposio
banca: de examinadores
c) afundar, excelncia, reserva banda: de msicos
d) subir, excelncia, reserva bando: de desordeiros, malfeitores
e) afundar, excelncia, exposio batalho: de soldados
cabido: de cnegos
cmara: de vereadores, parlamentares (oficialmente reuni-
dos)
RESPOSTAS cambada: de desordeiros
1-C 2-B 3-E caravana: de viajantes, peregrinos
caterva: de desordeiros, malfeitores
choldra: assassinos, malfeitores

17
 Lngua Portuguesa
chusma: de pessoas em geral, de criados biblioteca: de livros catalogados
claque: de pessoas pagas para aplaudir cinemateca: de filmes
clero: de religiosos constelao: de estrelas
colnia: de imigrantes, migrantes cordilheira: de montanhas
comitiva: de acompanhantes enxoval: de roupas
corja: de ladres, malfeitores esquadra: de navios de guerra
corpo: de eleitores, alunos, jurados esquadrilha: de avies
corpo docente: de professores federao: de estados
coro: de cantores frota: de navios, avies, veculos
elenco: de atores de uma pea, filme etc. galeria: de esttuas, quadros
exrcito: de soldados molho: de chaves
falange: tropas, anjos, heris pinacoteca: de quadros
filarmnica: de msicos (sociedade musical) trouxa: de roupas
grmio: de estudantes vocabulrio: de palavras
guarnio: de soldados (que guarnecem um lugar)
irmandade: de membros de associao religiosa GNERO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
junta: de mdicos, examinadores
jri: de jurados Gnero a propriedade que as palavras tm de indicar o
legio: de soldados, anjos, demnios
sexo real ou fictcio dos seres. Na lngua portuguesa so dois
leva: de presos, recrutas
malta: de malfeitores, desordeiros os gneros: o masculino e o feminino.
multido: de pessoas em geral
orquestra: de msicos FORMAO DO FEMININO
peloto: de soldados
piquete: de grevistas De modo geral, forma-se o feminino substituindo-se a
plantel: de atletas desinncia "o" pela desinncia "a": menino, menina; gato,
plateia: de espectadores gata.
pliade: de poetas, artistas
populao: de habitantes Todavia, os processos de formao so bem variados:
prole: de filhos
quadrilha: ladres, malfeitores
romaria: de peregrinos Masculino Feminino Masculino Feminino
tribo (nao): de ndios alfaiate costureira doutor doutora
tripulao: de marinheiros, aerovirios ano an cavaleiro amazona
tropa: de soldados, pessoas aviador aviadora cavalheiro dama
turma: de estudantes, trabalhadores, pessoas em geral av av compadre comadre
bode cabra cnsul consulesa
Grupos de animais ou vegetais frade freira hspede hspeda
frei sror oficial oficiala
alcateia: de lobos genro nora judeu judia
bando: de aves gigante giganta ateu ateia
boiada: de bois heri herona hebreu hebreia
cacho: de uvas, bananas juiz juza profeta profetisa
cfila: de camelos maestro maestrina ru r
cardume: de peixes
colmeia: de abelhas
colnia: de bactrias, formigas, cupins Substantivos que merecem destaque quanto ao gnero:
enxame: de abelhas, insetos
fato: de cabras Masculino Feminino
fauna: de animais prprios de uma regio
feixe: de lenha, capim o apndice a aguardente
flora: de vegetais prprios de uma regio o blido a alface
junta: de bois o champanha a apendicite
manada: de animais de grande porte
matilha: de ces o cl a aluvio
ninhada: de filhotes de animais o d a blide
nuvem: de insetos (gafanhotos, mosquitos, etc) o eclipse a cal
rebanho: de gado o eczema a cataplasma
rcua: animais de carga
rstia: de alho ou cebola o estratagema a clera
revoada: de pssaros o formicida a comicho
tropilha: de cavalos
o gengibre a derme
vara: de porcos
o guaran a dinamite
Outros grupos o lana-perfume a elipse
o magma a entorse
acervo: de obras de arte o milhar a gnese
alameda: de rvores (em linha) o proclama a libido
alfabeto: de letras o saca-rolhas a matin
antologia: de textos literrios ou cientficos o ssia a omelete
armada: de navios de guerra
arquiplago: de ilhas o teorema a omoplata
arsenal: de armas, munies o trema a sentinela
atlas: de mapas
baixela: de objetos de mesa Substantivos que admitem os dois gneros
bateria: peas de guerra ou de cozinha; instrumentos de
percusso o gape ou a gape

18
 Lngua Portuguesa
o caudal ou a caudal 3) Os substantivos terminados em "al", "el", "ol", "ul" plu-
o diabete(s) ou a diabete(s) ralizam-se trocando o "l" final por "is": jornal, jornais; anel,
o laringe ou a laringe anis; anzol, anzis; azul , azuis; lcool, alcois.
o personagem ou a personagem 4) Os terminados em "il" admitem duas formas:
o usucapio ou a usucapio

Substantivos com mudana de sentido na mudana os oxtonos mudam "il" em "is": barril, barris; funil, funis;
de gnero
os paroxtonos mudam "il" para "eis": fssil, fsseis; rptil,
H substantivos que so masculinos ou femininos, con- rpteis.
forme o sentido com que se achem empregados.
5) Os terminados em "m" trocam esta letra por "ns": nuvem,
Masculino Feminino nuvens; fim, fins.
o guia: pessoa de grande a guia: ave de rapina
inteligncia ou sutileza. 6) Os terminados em "s" monosslabos ou oxtonos formam
o cabea: chefe, lder a cabea: parte do corpo o plural acrescentando-se "es": ingls, ingleses; lils, lilases;
o capital: dinheiro a capital: cidade principal gs, gases.
o caixa: pessoa que trabalha em a caixa: objeto
tal seo.
7) Os terminados em "s" paroxtonos ou proparoxtonos so
o cisma: separao a cisma: ideia fixa, des-
confiana invariveis: o lpis, os lpis; o atlas, os atlas; o nibus, os
o cura: padre a cura: restabelecimento nibus.
o estepe: pneu reserva a estepe: plancie de ve-
getao herbcea. 8) Os terminados em "x" so invariveis: o trax, os trax; o
o grama: unidade de massa a grama: relva fnix, os fnix.
o guarda: vigilante a guarda: vigilncia
o guia: pessoa que orienta a guia: documento 9) Os terminados em "o" admitem trs hipteses:
o lente: professor a lente: o disco de vidro
o lotao: veculo a lotao: capacidade a) uns formam o plural com o acrscimo de "s": mo, mos;
o moral: nimo a moral:tica bno, bnos; rgo, rgos; irmo, irmos.
o rdio: aparelho a rdio: estao
b) outros, mais numerosos, mudam "o" em "es": limo,
SUBSTANTIVOS UNIFORMES limes; porto, portes; balo, bales; melo, meles.

So aqueles que apresentam uma nica forma para o c) outros, enfim, trocam "o" por "es": po, pes; co,
masculino e feminino. ces; aldeo, aldees; sacristo, sacristes.

1) Epicenos: designam o sexo de certos animais com o aux- PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS COMPOSTOS
lio dos adjetivos macho e fmea: o jacar (macho ou fmea);
o tigre (macho ou fmea); a pulga (macho ou fmea). Existem quatro hipteses:

2) Sobrecomuns: designam pessoas com uma forma nica
para o masculino e feminino:
o cadver (homem ou mulher); a vtima (homem ou mulher);
o cnjuge (homem ou mulher); a criana (menino ou menina).
1) Pluralizam-se os dois elementos formados por:
substantivo + substantivo: couve-flor, couves-flores.
substantivo + adjetivo: amor-perfeito, amores-perfeitos.

3) Comuns de dois gneros: sob uma s forma designam adjetivo + substantivo: bom-dia, bons-dias.
os indivduos dos dois sexos, sendo auxiliados pelo artigo,
adjetivo ou pronome: numeral + substantivo: segunda-feira, segundas-feiras.

o colega, a colega; artista famoso, artista famosa;
esse pianista, essa pianista; o reprter, a reprter.
NMERO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
Em portugus, h dois nmeros gramaticais: o singular,
que indica um ser ou um grupo de seres: ave, bando; e o
plural, que indica mais de um ser ou um grupo de seres:
aves, bandos.
Os substantivos flexionam-se no plural conforme as re-
gras:
1) Pelo acrscimo no plural de "s", o que se d se o subs-
tantivo terminar em vogal ou ditongo oral: asa, asas; txi,
txis; tubo, tubos; ba, bas; vu, vus.
2) Apenas o segundo elemento varia:
verbo + substantivo: guarda-roupa, guarda-roupas.
palavra invarivel ou prefixo + palavra invarivel:
sempre-viva, sempre-vivas; ex-diretor, ex-diretores.
palavras repetidas: reco-reco, reco-recos.
3) Apenas o primeiro elemento varia:
com preposio expressa: p de moleque, ps de moleque;
mo de obra, mos de obra.
quando o segundo elemento indica finalidade ou semelhan-
a do primeiro: sof-cama, sofs-cama; peixe-boi, peixes-boi.

2) Pelo acrscimo de "es" ao singular nos terminados em 4) Os dois elementos ficam invariveis:
"r" ou "z": colher, colheres; dlar, dlares; amor, amores;
cruz, cruzes; giz, gizes. verbo + advrbio: o bota-fora, os bota-fora.

19
 Lngua Portuguesa
verbo + substantivo no plural: o saca-rolhas, os saca-rolhas.
OBSERVAES:
a) A palavra "guarda" pode ser substantivo ou verbo: quando
verbo (verbo guardar), fica invarivel; quando substantivo
(o homem que guarda), vai para o plural.
verbo substantivo
os guarda chuvas
os guarda comidas
os guarda sis
substantivo adjetivo
os guardas florestais
os guardas civis
os guardas noturnos
b) Palavras compostas com a palavra "gro"
a palavra "gro" vai para o plural quando indica grnulo, a
unidade: gros de bico.
a palavra "gro" fica no singular quando significa grande:
os gro-duques, as gr-duquesas.
c) Plural de substantivos diminutivos:
O plural dos terminados em "zinho" ou em "zito" se faz
flexionando-se o substantivo primitivo, retirando-se o "s" final
e acrescentando-se "zinhos" ou "zitos".
Exemplos: papelzinho / papi(s) / papeizinhos;
limozito / lime(s) / limezitos.
Os substantivos terminados em "r" fazem o plural de duas
maneiras:
florzinha / flore(s) / florezinhas;
florzinha / florzinhas.
GRAU DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
Grau dos substantivos a propriedade que essas pala-
vras tm de exprimir as variaes de tamanho dos seres.
So dois os graus do substantivo: aumentativo e diminuti-
vo.
1) Aumentativo: forma-se com os sufixos ao, alha, arra,
zio, ona, o, az, etc.: garrafo, papelo, cartaz (carta), la-
dravaz (ladro), lobaz (lobo), ricao, balao, barcaa, mulhe-
raa, vidraa, dramalho (drama), vagalho (vaga), balzio
(bala), copzio (copo), pratzio (prato), beiorra (beio), ca-
beorra (cabea), manzorra (mo), vozeiro (voz), homenzar-
ro, canzarro, bocarra (boca), naviarra (navio).
2) Diminutivo: forma-se com os sufixos acho, ebre, eco,
ico, inho, ito, ejo, etc.: mosquito, cabrito, senhorita, fogacho
(fogo), riacho, populacho, penacho (pena), animlculo (ani-
mal), febrola (febre), gotcula (gota), versculo (verso), mont-
culo (monte), partcula (parte), radcula (raiz), glbulo (globo),
clula (cela), animalejo, lugarejo, vilarejo, ilhota, fortim (forte),
espadim (espada), camarim (cmara), casebre (casa).
Observao: O diminutivo pode exprimir carinho ou despre-
zo. (carinho: filhinho, mezinha. desprezo: padreco, jorna-
leco, lugarejo)
O grau aumentativo exprime um aumento do ser relativa-
mente ao seu tamanho normal.
20
Pode ser formado sinttica ou analiticamente.
1) Aumentativo sinttico: forma-se com sufixos especiais:
copzio (copo), barcaa (barca), muralha (muro).
2) Aumentativo analtico: forma-se com o auxlio do adjeti-
vo grande, e de outros do mesmo sentido: letra grande, pe-
dra enorme, esttua colossal.
O grau diminutivo exprime um ser com seu tamanho nor-
mal diminudo. Pode ser formado sinttica ou analiticamente.
1) Diminutivo sinttico: forma-se com sufixos especiais:
casebre (casa), livreco (livro), saleta (sala).
2) Diminutivo analtico: forma-se com o adjetivo pequeno,
ou outros equivalentes: chave pequena, casa pequenina,
semente minscula.
EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta os substantivos clas-
sificados como comuns de dois gneros.
a) o lojista, o herege, o mrtir, o intrprete
b) o apstolo, o carrasco, o cnjuge, a criana
c) o tatu, a girafa, a tainha, a avestruz
d) o patriarca, o frade, o confrade, o carneiro
e) o ente, a testemunha, o cnjuge, a testemunha
2) Assinale a alternativa em que as formas do plural de todos
os substantivos se apresentam de maneira correta:
a) alto-falantes, coraozinhos, afazeres, vveres.
b) espadas, frutas-po, p de moleques, peixe-boi.
c) vai-volta, animaizinhos, beija-flores, salvo-condutos.
d) animalzinhos, vai-voltas, vai-vns, salvos-condutos.
e) bates-bolas, cavalos-vapores, bens-te-vis, vices-reis.
3) A alternativa em que o plural dos nomes compostos est
empregado corretamente :
a) p de moleques/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escolas.
b) ps de moleques/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escolas.
c) ps de moleque/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escola.
d) p de moleques/ beijas-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escola.
e) ps de moleque/ beijas-flores/ obra-primas/ navio-escolas.
4) O plural dos nomes compostos est correto em todas as
alternativas, exceto em:
a) Ela gosta de amores-perfeitos e cultiva-os.
b) Os vice-diretores reunir-se-o na prxima semana.
c) As aulas sero dadas s segundas-feiras.
d) H muitos beijas-flores no meu quintal.
e) H vrios cafs-concerto nesta avenida.
5) Assinale a alternativa em que o substantivo composto no
esteja corretamente flexionado no plural.
a) Aqui, os ps de vento levantam telhados.
b) H tempo eu no via bem-te-vis de pele e osso.
c) Dois tecos-tecos sobrevoam o local do acidente.
d) Nos vaivns da burocracia, foi-se o meu precioso tempo.
e) No aguento mais os entra e sai nesta casa.
RESPOSTAS
1-A 2-C 3-C 4-D 5-C
 Lngua Portuguesa
ADJETIVO FORMAO DO ADJETIVO

So palavras que indicam qualidade, propriedade ou Quanto formao, o adjetivo pode ser:
estado do ser.
1) Primitivo (o que no deriva de outra palavra): bom, forte,
Exemplo: Meu caderno novo j est sujo. feliz.

2DGMHWLYRSHUWHQFHDXPLQYHQWiULRDEHUWRVHPSUHVXs- 2) Derivado (o que deriva de substantivos ou verbos): famo-

cetvel de ser aumentado. A estrutura interna ou constitucio- so, carnavalesco.
nal do adjetivo consiste nas lnguas flexveis, na combinao
de um signo lexical expresso pelo radical com signos morfo- 3) Simples: brasileiro, escuro, etc.
lgicos expressos por desinncias e alternncias, ambas
destitudas de existncia prpria fora dessas combinaes. 4) Composto: castanho-claro, azul-marinho.
No portugus, entre as desinncias est a marca da grada-
o, isto , o grau absoluto ou relativo da parte, ou aspecto FLEXO DO ADJETIVO
TXDOLGDGH VLJQLILFDGD QR UDGLcal. (belo-belssimo), bem
como afixos de gnero e de nmero. A relao gramatical O adjetivo varia em gnero, nmero e grau.
instaurada entre o signo delimitador e o signo delimitado
JHUDOPHQWHH[SUHVVDSHODFRQFRUGkQFLDEvanildo Bechara GNERO DO ADJETIVO

O adjetivo pode ser expresso atravs de duas palavras: Quanto ao gnero, dividem-se os adjetivos em:
o que se chama de locuo adjetiva.
1) Uniformes: aqueles que tm uma s forma para os dois
Locuo adjetiva Adjetivo gneros: mesa azul, olho azul.
de abdmen abdominal
de abelha apcola 2) Biformes: apresentam duas formas, uma para o masculi-
de acar sacarino no, outra para o feminino: mau m, esperto esperta, ativo
de agricultor agrcola
ativa, ateu ateia.
de gua aqutico, hidrulico
de aluno discente
de anjo angelical NMERO DO ADJETIVO
de bexiga cstico, vesical
de cabea ceflico Os adjetivos simples seguem as mesmas regras de flexo
de calor trmico numrica dos substantivos: igual - iguais, azul - azuis, feroz -
de cnjuge conjugal ferozes.
de corpo corporal, corpreo
de costas dorsal
PLURAL DOS ADJETIVOS COMPOSTOS
de ensino didtico
de estmago estomacal, gstrico
de febre febril 1) Os componentes sendo adjetivos, somente o ltimo toma
de filho filial a flexo do plural: tecido verde-claro, tecidos verde-claros;
de gelo glacial cabelo castanho-escuro, cabelos castanho-escuros.
de homem humano
de irmo fraternal, fraterno 2) Os componentes sendo palavra invarivel + adjetivo,
de lago lacustre somente este ltimo se flexionar: menino mal-educado,
de leite lcteo, lctico
meninos mal-educados.
de me materno, maternal
de pele cutneo
de sangue hemtico, sanguneo 3) Os compostos de adjetivo + substantivo so invariveis:
de trax torcico farda verde-oliva, fardas verde-oliva; terno amarelo-canrio,
de voz vocal ternos amarelo-canrio.

ADJETIVOS PTRIOS 4) Invariveis ficam tambm as locues adjetivas formadas

de cor + substantivo:
Designam nacionalidade ou lugar de origem de algum ou vestido cor-de-rosa, vestidos cor-de-rosa.
de alguma coisa:
GRAU DO ADJETIVO
Brasil - brasileiro
Acre - acriano O grau do adjetivo exprime a intensidade das qualidades
Alagoas - alagoano dos seres. So dois os graus do adjetivo: o comparativo e o
Amazonas - amazonense superlativo.
Bahia - baiano
Esprito Santo - esprito-santense O grau comparativo pode ser:
Rio Grande do Norte - norte-rio-grandense
Joo Pessoa - pessoense 1) De Igualdade:
Salvador - soteropolitano ou salvadorense A casa to antiga quanto o homem.
Belo Horizonte - belorizontino
Niteri - niteroiense 2) De Superioridade:
So Paulo (capital) paulistano A casa mais antiga do que o homem.
So Paulo (estado) paulista
Rio de Janeiro (capital) carioca 3) De Inferioridade:
Rio de Janeiro (estado) fluminense A casa menos antiga do que o homem.

21
 Lngua Portuguesa
Alguns adjetivos possuem, para o comparativo de superi- legal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .legalssimo
oridade, formas sintticas, herdadas do latim. So elas: bom - livre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . librrimo
melhor, mau - pior, grande - maior, pequeno - menor. magro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . macrrimo
mal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .malssimo, pssimo
O grau superlativo divide-se em: negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nigrrimo
nobre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nobilssimo
1) Absoluto: pequeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mnimo
pobre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pauprrimo
a) Analtico: provvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . probabilssimo
A menina muito bela. sbio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sapientssimo
sagrado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sacratssimo
b) Sinttico: simples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simplicssimo
A menina belssima. terrvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . terribilssimo
veloz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .velocssimo
2) Relativo:
EXERCCIOS
a) De Superioridade:
1) Analise o grau do adjetivo grifado nas frases que seguem,
Analtico: de acordo com o seguinte cdigo:
Joo o mais alto de todos.
1 - comparativo de igualdade
Sinttico: 2 - comparativo de superioridade
Este monte o maior de todos. 3 - comparativo de inferioridade
4 - superlativo absoluto
b) De Inferioridade: 5 - superlativo relativo
Joo o menos rpido de todos.
a) ( ) E a vida seguia muito calma.
O grau superlativo exprime uma qualidade no mais alto b) ( ) Foi a mais alta demonstrao de amor.
grau de intensidade possvel. Pode ser relativo ou absoluto. c) ( ) Livre-nos Deus dessa misrrima condio.
d) ( ) A vida mais breve do que a morte.
O superlativo relativo indica que entre os seres que pos- e) ( ) O lazer to importante quanto o trabalho.
suem determinada qualidade, h um que a possui num grau f) ( ) Ele foi menos delicado do que eu.
inexcedvel.
2) Assinale a orao em que o termo cego(s) um adjetivo.
O superlativo absoluto isola o ser qualificado no seu mais
alto e intenso grau possvel, podendo assumir a forma sintti- a) "Os cegos, habitantes de um mundo esquemtico, sabem
ca ou analtica. aonde ir..."
b) "O cego de Ipanema representava naquele momento todas
O superlativo absoluto sinttico d-se por meio dos se- as alegorias da noite escura da alma..."
guintes sufixos: ssimo, imo e rimo. c) "Todos os clculos do cego se desfaziam na turbulncia do
lcool."
O superlativo absoluto analtico d-se por meio de advr- d) "Naquele instante era s um pobre cego."
bios de intensidade que precedem o adjetivo. e) "... da Terra que um globo cego girando no caos."

Alguns adjetivos possuem formas literrias, cultas, de 3) No se flexionam os compostos abaixo, em qualquer de
superlativo absoluto sinttico: seus elementos, exceto:

acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acrrimo a) azul-claro

agudo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acutssimo b) verde-alface
amargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amarssimo c) amarelo-laranja
amigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amicssimo d) castanho-avel
spero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . asprrimo e) verde-garrafa
clebre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . celebrrimo
comum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . comunssimo 4) O adjetivo est mal flexionado em grau em:
cristo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cristianssimo
cruel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crudelssimo a) livre: librrimo
difcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dificlimo b) magro: macrrimo
doce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dulcssimo c) doce: doclimo
dcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doclimo d) triste: tristssimo
fcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . faclimo e) fcil: faclimo
feio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fessimo
feliz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . felicssimo 5) Assinale a nica alternativa em que se encontram as for-
feroz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ferocssimo mas corretas do superlativo erudito dos adjetivos soberbo,
fiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fidelssimo malvolo e magro.
frgil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .fraglimo, fragilssimo
frio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . frigidssimo a) soberbssimo / malevolssimo / magrrimo
grande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mximo b) magrssimo / maleovolrrimo / soberblimo
humilde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . humlimo c) superbssimo / malevolentssimo / macrrimo
incrvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . incredibilssimo d) soberbrrimo / magrlimo / malevolentrrimo
inimigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inimicssimo e) magrrimo / superbrrimo / malevolentssimo

22
 Lngua Portuguesa
6) Marque: ARTIGO

a) se I e II forem verdadeiras. Artigo uma palavra que antepomos aos substantivos

b) se I e III forem verdadeiras. para determin-los; indica-se ao mesmo tempo gnero e
c) se II e III forem verdadeiras. nmero.
d) se todas forem falsas.
Dividem-se os artigos em:
"... eu no sou propriamente um autor defunto, mas um de-
funto autor." definidos: o, a, os, as
indefinidos: um, uma, uns, umas.
I. no primeiro caso, autor substantivo; defunto adjetivo.
II. no segundo caso, defunto substantivo; autor adjetivo. Os definidos determinam os substantivos de modo preci-
III. em ambos os casos, tem-se um substantivo composto. so, particular: Viajei com o mdico.

7) Substitua as locues adjetivas pelo adjetivo correspon- Os indefinidos determinam os substantivos de modo
dente. vago, impreciso, geral: Viajei com um mdico.

a) chuvas de vero FLEXO DO ARTIGO

b) voz de prata
c) hbitos contra a moral O artigo se flexiona em gnero e nmero:
d) questo sem dvida
e) plantas do lago Combinaes dos artigos:
f) regime de chuva
g) astcia de raposa artigo preposies
h) congresso de bispos definido a de em por(per)
i) cor de chumbo o ao do no pelo
a da na pela
8) A locuo adjetiva correspondente a cstico : os aos dos nos pelos
as s das nas pelas
a) de cabea artigo preposies
b) de estmago indefinido em de
c) de acar um num dum
d) de bexiga uma numa duma
uns nuns duns
umas numas dumas
9) Aponte a alternativa que possua um adjetivo biforme e um
adjetivo uniforme respectivamente: Particularidades

a) interior - hipcrita O artigo transforma qualquer palavra em substantivo.

b) cru - europeu
c) so - audaz o pobre (adjetivo = pobre)
d) paulista - mau
palavra substantivada

10) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto formao do o sim (advrbio = sim)

plural dos adjetivos compostos:
palavra substantivada
a) moas surdas-mudas
b) saias azuis-celestes 2DUWLJRGLVWLQJXHRVKRP{QLPRVHdefine o seu significado:
c) ternos verde-oliva
d) tecidos furta-cor o caixa (pessoa) a caixa (objeto)

11) Aponte a alternativa correta:

EMPREGO DO ARTIGO
a) O adjetivo formado por cor + de + substantivo no recebe
s no plural. 1) Ambas as mos.
b) A palavra ultravioleta varivel.
c) O plural de azul-marinho azul-marinhos. Usa-se o artigo entre o numeral ambas e o substantivo.
d) O adjetivo marrom-caf varivel, acrescentasse s nos
dois elementos. Exemplo: Ambas as mos so perfeitas.

2) Estou em Paris / Estou na famosa Paris.

RESPOSTAS
1 a) 4; b) 5; c) 4; d) 2; e) 1; f) 3 No se usa artigo antes dos nomes de cidades, a menos
2-E 3-A 4-C 5-C 6-A que venham determinados por adjetivos ou locues adjeti-
7 a) estivais; b) argntea; c) imorais; vas.
d) indubitveis; e) lacustres; f) pluvial;
g) vulpina; h) episcopal; i) plmbea. Exemplo: Vim de Paris. Vim da luminosa Paris.
8-D 9-C 10 - B 11 - A Mas com alguns nomes de cidades conservamos
o artigo.

23
 Lngua Portuguesa
Exemplos: As formas de + um e em + um podem-se usar contradas
O Rio de Janeiro, O Cairo, O Porto. (dum e num) ou separadas (de um, em um).
Exemplos: Estava em uma cidade grande. ou Estava numa
Obs.: Pode ou no ocorrer crase antes dos nomes de cidade, cidade grande.
conforme venham ou no precedidos de artigo.
EXERCCIOS
Exemplo: Vou a Paris.
Vou Paris dos museus. 1) Coloque o artigo nos espaos vazios conforme o termo
subsequente o aceite ou no. Quando necessrio, faa a
3) Toda cidade / toda a cidade. contrao de preposio com o artigo.

7RGRWRGDGHVLJQDPqualquer, cada. a) Afinal, estamos em .......... Brasil ou em .......... Portugal?

Exemplo: Toda cidade pode concorrer (qualquer cidade).
7RGRRWRGDDGHVLJQDPtotalidade, inteireza.
Exemplo: Conheci toda a cidade (a cidade inteira).
No plural, usa-VH WRGRV RV WRGDV DV H[FHWR Dntes de
numeral no seguido de substantivo.
Exemplos:
b) Viajamos para .......... Estados Unidos, fora isso nunca
samos de .......... casa.
c) Todos .......... casos esto sob controle.
d) Toda .......... famlia estrangeira que vem para o Brasil
procura logo seus parentes.
e) Todos .......... vinte jogadores esto gripados.
f) Todos .......... quatro saram.
2) Nas frases que seguem, h um artigo (definido ou indefini-
do) grifado. Indique o seu valor, de acordo com o cdigo que
segue.

Todas as cidades vieram. 1 - O artigo est especificando o substantivo.

Todos os cinco clubes disputaro o ttulo. 2 - O artigo est generalizando o substantivo.
Todos cinco so concorrentes. 3 - O artigo est intensificando o substantivo.
4 - O artigo est designando a espcie toda do substantivo.
4) Tua deciso / a tua deciso. 5 - O artigo est conferindo maior familiaridade ao substanti-
vo.
De maneira geral, facultativo o uso do artigo antes dos 6 - O artigo est designando quantidade aproximada.
possessivos.
a) ( ) Afinal, todos sabiam que o Joo no seria capaz disso.
Exemplos: Aplaudimos tua deciso. b) ( ) Anchieta catequizou o ndio brasileiro e lhe ensinou os
Aplaudimos a tua deciso. rudimentos da f catlica.
c) ( ) Respondeu as perguntas com uma convico, que no
Se o possessivo no vier seguido de substantivo explcito deixou dvida em ningum.
obrigatria a ocorrncia do artigo. d) ( ) No vamos discutir uma deciso qualquer, mas a deci-
so que desencadeou todos esses acontecimentos.
Exemplo: Aplaudiram a tua deciso e no a minha. e) ( ) Tomemos ao acaso um objeto do mundo fsico e obser-
vemos a sua forma.
5) Decises as mais oportunas / as mais oportunas deci- f) ( ) Durante uns cinco dias frequentou minha casa, depois
ses. desapareceu.

No superlativo relativo, no se usa o artigo antes e depois 3) Procure e assinale a nica alternativa em que h erro,
do substantivo. quanto ao emprego do artigo.

Exemplos: Tomou decises as mais oportunas. a) Nem todas as opinies so valiosas.

Tomou as decises mais oportunas. b) Disse-me que conhece todo o Brasil.
c) Leu todos os dez romances do escritor.
errado: Tomou as decises as mais oportunas. d) Andou por todo Portugal.
e) Todas cinco, menos uma, esto corretas.
6) Faz uns dez anos.
4) Em todas as alternativas abaixo, h artigos definidos ou
O artigo indefinido, posto antes de um numeral, designa indefinidos, exceto em:
quantidade aproximada.
a) Ele passou uns dez dias na fazenda.
Exemplo: Faz uns dez anos que sa de l. b) Em certos momentos, vejo-me pensando em ti.
c) Viajarei terra de meus avs.
7) Em um / num. d) Votarei num deputado que seja honesto e trabalhador.

Exemplos:
RESPOSTAS
Estava em uma cidade grande. 1) a) no, ; b) os, ; c) os; d) ; e) os; f)
ou 2) a) 5; b) 4; c) 3; d) 1; e) 2; f) 6
Estava numa cidade grande. 3) A 4) B

Os artigos definidos e indefinidos contraem-se com pre-

posies: de + o = do, de + a = da, etc.

24
 Lngua Portuguesa
NUMERAL EMPREGO DOS NUMERAIS

Numeral uma palavra que exprime nmero de ordem, 1) Na designao de papas, reis, sculos, captulos, tomos
mltiplo ou frao. ou partes de obras, usam-se os ordinais para a srie de 1 a
10; da em diante, usam-se os cardinais, desde que o nume-
CLASSIFICAO DO NUMERAL ral venha depois do substantivo.

De acordo com o que indica, o numeral pode ser classifi- Exemplos: D. Pedro II (segundo),
cado em: Lus XV (quinze),
D. Joo VI (sexto),
a) cardinal: indica quantidade exata de seres: um, dois, trs, Joo XXIII (vinte e trs),
quatro, cinco . . . Pio X (dcimo),
Captulo XX (vinte).
b) ordinal: indica a ordem dos seres numa determinada
srie: primeiro, segundo, terceiro, quarto, quinto ... 2) Quando o substantivo vier depois do numeral, usam-se
sempre os ordinais.
c) multiplicativo: indica uma quantidade multiplicada do
mesmo ser: dobro, triplo, qudruplo, quntuplo ... Exemplos: primeira parte, dcimo quinto captulo, vigsimo
sculo.
d) fracionrio: indica em quantas partes a quantidade foi
dividida: meio, tero, quarto, quinto. . . 3) Na numerao de artigos, leis, decretos, portarias e outros
textos legais, usa-se o ordinal at 9 e da em diante o cardi-
QUADRO DOS NUMERAIS nal.

cardinais ordinais multipli- fracionrios Exemplos: artigo 1 (primeiro), artigo 12 (doze).

cativos
um primeiro - - 4) Aos numerais que designam um conjunto determinado de
dois segundo dobro meio seres d-se o nome de numerais coletivos.
trs terceiro triplo tero
quatro quarto qudruplo quarto
cinco quinto quntuplo quinto Exemplos: dzia, centena.
seis sexto sxtuplo sexto
sete stimo stuplo stimo 5) A leitura e escrita por extenso dos cardinais compostos
oito oitavo ctuplo oitavo deve ser feita da seguinte forma:
nove nono nnuplo nono
dez dcimo dcuplo dcimo a) Se houver dois ou trs algarismos, coloca-se a conjuno
onze dcimo primeiro undcuplo onze avos e entre eles.
doze dcimo segundo duodcu- doze avos
treze dcimo terceiro plo treze avos
catorze ou dcimo quarto - catorze avos Exemplos: 94 = noventa e quatro
quatorze - 743 = setecentos e quarenta e trs.
quinze dcimo quinto - quinze avos
dezesseis dcimo sexto - dezesseis avos b) Se houver quatro algarismos, omite-se a conjuno e entre
dezessete dcimo stimo - dezessete avos o primeiro algarismo e os demais (isto , entre o milhar e a
dezoito dcimo oitavo - dezoito avos centena).
dezenove dcimo nono - dezenove avos
vinte vigsimo - vinte avos
Exemplo: 2438 = dois mil quatrocentos e trinta e oito.
trinta trigsimo - trinta avos
quarenta quadragsimo - quarenta avos
cinquenta quinquagsimo - cinquenta avos Obs.: se a centena comear por zero, o emprego do e
sessenta sexagsimo - sessenta avos obrigatrio.
setenta septuagsimo - setenta avos
oitenta octogsimo - oitenta avos Exemplo: 5062 = cinco mil e sessenta e dois.
noventa nonagsimo - noventa avos
cem centsimo cntuplo centsimo Ser tambm obrigatrio o emprego do e se a centena
duzentos ducentsimo - ducentsimo
trezentos trecentsimo - trecentsimo
terminar por zeros.
quatrocen- quadringentsimo - quadringentsimo
tos - Exemplo: 2300 = dois mil e trezentos.
quinhentos quingentsimo - quingentsimo
seiscentos sexcentsimo ou - sexcentsimo c) Se houver vrios grupos de trs algarismos, omite-se o e
seiscentsimo entre cada um dos grupos.
setecentos septingentsimo - septingentsimo
ou setingentsimo - Exemplo: 5 450 126 230 = cinco bilhes quatrocentos e cin-
oitocentos octingentsimo - octingentsimo
quenta milhes, cento e vinte e seis mil duzentos e trinta.
novecentos nongentsimo ou nongentsimo
noningentsimo -
mil milsimo - milsimo 6) Formas variantes:
milho milionsimo milionsimo
bilho bilionsimo bilionsimo Alguns numerais admitem formas variantes como catorze
/ quatorze, bilho / bilio.

Nota: As formas cincoenta (50) e hum (1) so erradas.

25
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS PRONOMES

1) O ordinal trecentsimo septuagsimo corresponde a: Pronomes so palavras que substituem os substantivos

ou os determinam, indicando a pessoa do discurso.
a) 37 b) 360 c) 370
A interpretao de um pronome depende de suas rela-
2) O ordinal nongentsimo quinquagsimo corresponde a: es textuais. De acordo com essas funes de representar,
retomar ou anunciar, o pronome pode ser:
a) 95 b) 950 c) 9050
a) pronome substantivo:
3) O ordinal quingentsimo octogsimo corresponde a:
quando identifica a pessoa gramatical;
a) 58 b) 580 c) 588 quando retoma um substantivo a que j se fez referncia
no contexto lingustico ou antecipa termos a que se far ainda
4) O ordinal quadragsimo oitavo corresponde a: referncia.

a) 480 b) 448 c) 48 As duas funes podem ocorrer ao mesmo tempo.

5) Em todas as frases abaixo, os numerais foram corretamen- )LTXHL PXLWR WHPSR VHP VDEHU TXH HX WLQKD PmH H TXH
te empregados, exceto em: HODHVWDYDPXLWRWHPSRSHUWRGHPLPGL]6DOO\

a) O artigo vinte e cinco deste cdigo foi revogado.
b) Seu depoimento foi transcrito na pgina duzentos e vinte e
dois.
c) Ainda no li o capitulo stimo desta obra.
d) Este terremoto ocorreu no sculo dez antes de Cristo.
6) Em todas as frases abaixo, a palavra grifada um nume-
ral, exceto em:
a) Ele s leu um livro este semestre.
b) No preciso mais que uma pessoa para fazer este servi-
o.
c) Ontem tarde, um rapaz procurou por voc.
d) Voc quer uma ou mais caixas deste produto?
No trecho acima, eu remete a Sally, a autora do enuncia-
do; ela representa ao substantivo me, anteriormente ex-
presso.
b) pronome adjetivo: quando acompanha um substantivo
explcito no texto. Funciona como um adjetivo, embora no
atribua qualidade ao ser designado pelo substantivo.
Aquela fazenda fica to longe daqui...
O pronome destacado um pronome adjetivo, j que
acompanha um substantivo.
CLASSIFICAO E EMPREGO DOS PRONOMES

7) Assinale os itens em que a correspondncia cardinal / PRONOMES PESSOAIS

ordinal est incorreta; em seguida, faa a devida correo.
a) 907 = nongentsimo stimo
b) 650 = seiscentsimo quingentsimo
c) 84 = octingentsimo quadragsimo
d) 321 = trigsimo vigsimo primeiro
e) 750 = setingentsimo quinquagsimo
So palavras que substituem os substantivos e represen-
tam as pessoas do discurso.
x As pessoas do discurso so trs:
1 pessoa a que fala: eu, ns
2 pessoa - a com quem se fala: tu, vs
3 pessoa a de que se fala: ele, ela, eles, elas

8) Assinale a incorreta quanto aos numerais empregados:
a) Voc deve ler o pargrafo segundo.
b) D. Pedro primeiro foi o prncipe regente.
c) Releia o artigo dcimo terceiro.
d) Cludia encenar o captulo quinto.
x Os pronomes pessoais se dividem em retos e obl-
quos.
Os pronomes retos funcionam, em regra, como sujeito da
orao, e os oblquos, como objetos ou complementos.
Exemplos:

9) Aponte a alternativa correta: sujeito objeto verbo

a) 637 seiscentos e trinta e sete Eu te convido.
b) 981 nonagsimo octingentsimo primeiro Ela me chamou.
c) 123 centsimo ducentsimo terceiro
d) 444 quadringentsimo quadragsimo quarto
Quadro dos pronomes pessoais singular e plural
10) As palavras quntuplo e quinto so respectivamente:
a) ambos multiplicativos pessoas do
b) multiplicativo e fracionrio discurso retos oblquos
c) ambos fracionrios
1 pessoa eu me, mim, comigo
d) fracionrio e multiplicativo 2 pessoa tu te, ti, contigo
3 pessoa ele / ela o, a, lhe, se, si, consigo
RESPOSTAS
1-C 2-B 3-B 4-C 5-D 6-C 1 pessoa ns nos, conosco
7 b) seiscentsimo quinquagsimo 2 pessoa vs vos, convosco
c) octogsimo quarto 3 pessoa eles / elas os, as, lhes, se, si, consi-
d) trecentsimo vigsimo primeiro go
8-C 9-D 10 - B

26
 Lngua Portuguesa
x Quanto acentuao, os pronomes oblquos monossi- x Os possessivos devem ser usados com critrio. Subs-
lbicos dividem-se em: titu-los pelos pronomes oblquos comunica frase
desenvoltura e elegncia
a) tnicos: mim, ti, si
b) tonos: me, te, se, lhe, lhes, o, a, os, as, nos, vos O vento vindo do mar acariciava-lhe os cabelos.

x Associados a verbos terminados em r, -s ou z e x Alm da ideia de posse, podem ainda os possessivos

palavra eis, os pronomes o, a, os, as assumem anti- exprimir:
gas formas lo, la, los, las, caindo aquelas consoan-
tes. Exemplos: 1) clculo aproximado, estimativa:

Mandaram prend-lo. Ele poder ter seus quarenta e cinco anos.

Ei-lo aqui!
Associados a verbos terminados em ditongo nasal (-am, -
em, -o, -e), os ditos pronomes tomam a forma no, na, nos,
nas:
2) familiaridade ou ironia, aludindo-se personagem de uma
histria:
O nosso homem no se deu por vencido.

Trazem-no. 3) o mesmo que os indefinidos certo, algum:

Do-nos de graa.
Cornlio, como sabemos, teve suas horas amargas.
x Pronomes oblquos reflexivos so os que se referem
ao sujeito da orao, sendo da mesma pessoa que 4) afetividade, cortesia:
este. Exemplos:
Como vai, meu menino?
Alexandre s pensa em si.
Eu me machuquei na escada. x No plural se usam os possessivos substantivados no
sentido de parentes, famlia:
Com exceo de o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, os demais prono-
mes oblquos podem ser reflexivos. assim que um moo deve zelar o nome dos seus?

x Os pronomes migo, tigo, sigo, nosco, vosco, do portu-
gus antigo, se combinaram com a preposio com,
dando as formas atuais: comigo, contigo, conosco,
convosco.
PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS
Os pronomes possessivos referem-se s pessoas do
discurso, atribuindo-lhes a posse de alguma coisa. Por e-
xemplo, na frase:
Meu palet azul-marinho.
A palavra meu informa que o palet pertence 1 pessoa
(eu). Meu, portanto, um pronome possessivo.
Quadro dos pronomes possessivos
Podem os possessivos serem modificados por um advr-
bio de intensidade:
Levaria a mo ao colar de prolas, com aquele gesto to
seu, quando no sabia o que dizer.
x Quando desnecessrios, omitem-se os pronomes
possessivos, principalmente antes de nomes de par-
tes do corpo:
Estendi o brao para apanhar a flor.
PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS
Pronomes demonstrativos so os que indicam o lugar, a
posio ou a identidade dos seres, relativamente s pessoas
do discurso. Exemplos:

pronomes possessivos Situao no espao

1 pessoa meu, minha, meus minhas Vou fechar esta porta.

singular 2 pessoa teu, tua, teus, tuas (A porta est perto do falante.)
3 pessoa seu, sua, seus, suas
1 pessoa nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas Por favor, feche essa porta!
plural 2 pessoa vosso, vossa, vossos, vossas (A porta est perto do ouvinte.)
3 pessoa seu, sua, seus, suas
Quem poderia fechar aquela porta?
Emprego (A porta est afastada do falante e dos ouvintes.)

x Os possessivos seu(s), sua(s) tanto podem referir-se Situao no tempo

3 pessoa (seu pai = o pai dele), como 2 pessoa, do
discurso (seu pai = o pai de voc).
Por isso toda vez que os ditos possessivos derem mar-
gem ambiguidade, devem ser substitudos pelas expres-
ses dele(s), dela(s).
Neste momento, todos os bares esto repletos.
(tempo presente em relao ao falante.)
Essa noite eu o procurei e contei a verdade.
(tempo passado pouco distante em relao ao falante.)

Voc sabe bem que eu no sigo a opinio dele. Naquele tempo ainda no havia microcomputadores.
(tempo distante em relao ao falante.)

27
 Lngua Portuguesa
Situao no contexto lingustico
- O Sr. casado h 69 anos. Como essa experincia?
(a experincia de ser casado h 69 anos)
O pronome situa a palavra no contexto lingustico, ou
seja, retoma uma informao previamente fornecida.
No caso seguinte, diferente dos anteriores, o pronome
introduz um elemento novo no enunciado:
Creio que o grande desafio justamente este, tornar feliz
a infncia.
Neste caso, o pronome antecede a nova informao.
Quadro dos pronomes demonstrativos
pronomes demonstrativos
1 pessoa este, esta, estes, estas, isto
2 pessoa esse, essa, esses, essas, isso
3 pessoa aquele, aquela, aqueles, aquelas, aquilo
Emprego dos pronomes demonstrativos
1 De modo geral, os demonstrativos este(s), esta(s), isto
se aplicam a pessoas ou coisas que se acham perto da pes-
soa que fala ou lhe dizem respeito; ao passo que esse(s),
essa(s), isso aludem a coisas que ficam prximas da pessoa
com quem se fala ou a ela se referem.
Exemplos:
Ter sede e no poder beber, isso que atroz!
4 O pronome demonstrativo neutro o pode representar um
termo ou contedo de uma orao inteira, caso em que apa-
rece geralmente, como objeto direto, predicativo ou aposto.
Exemplos:
Ia dizer-lhe umas palavras duras, mas no o fiz.
Quiseram gratificar-me, o que me deixou constrangido.
1LQJXpPWHYHFRUDJHPGHIDODUDQWHVTXHHODRIL]HVVH
(Jos Conde)
(UDXPDEHODSRQWHHOHSUySULRRUHFRQKHFLD
(Anbal Machado)
(UDPHXRXQLYHUVRPDVDLWULVWHQmRRHUDGHJUDoD
(Machado de Assis)
6HODJRDH[LVWLXSRXFDFRLVDRLQGLFD
(Carlos Povina Cavalcanti)
'LUiVTXHVRXDPELFLRVR"6RXERGHYHUDVPDV
(Machado de Assis)
2MDQWDULDVHUXPGHVDVWUH7RGRVRSUHVVHQWLDP
(Fernando Namora)
Para evitar a repetio de um verbo anteriormente ex-
presso, comum empregar-se, em tais casos, o verbo fazer,
chamado, ento, verbo vicrio (= que substitui, que faz as
vezes de). Exemplos:
Ia dizer-lhe umas palavras duras, mas no o fiz.
Ele ajudava os pobres e o fazia sem alarde.
2MRUQDOLQIRUPDHRID]FRUUHWDPHQWHDILUPDYDYLWRULRVR
Leve este livro para voc.
Esta a minha opinio.
No sei onde andas com essa cabea.
3UD[LQRD HVVH WHX YHVWLGRGH SUHJDV WH YDLPXLWR EHP
(Ceclia Meireles)
Isto (que eu tenho) o que h de melhor.
Isso (que dizes) no me parece certo.
&DPSDQKDV GH YDFLQDomR VHPSUH SURYRFDUDP UHVLVWrn-
FLDPDVLVVRHUDDQWLJDPHQWH
(Joo Ubaldo Ribeiro)
2 Usa-se nisto adverbialmente, como sinnimo de nesse
momento, nesse entretempo.
1LVWRGHXXPYHQWRHXPDIROKDFDLX0RQWeiro Lobato)
No raro os demonstrativos aparecem na frase, em cons-
trues redundantes, com finalidade expressiva, para salien-
tar algum termo anterior:
%HUQDUGLQD HVVD p TXH GHUD HP FKHLR FDVDQGR FRP R
0DQXHOGD9HQWRVD
(Alexandre Herculano)
$HVWUDGDGRPDUODUJDHRVFLODQWHHVVDVLPRWHQWDYD
(Jorge Amado)
2UDRSRYRHVVHRTXHSUHFLVDpVDEHUTXHH[LVWH'HXV
(Camilo Castelo Branco)
Subindo pelo Vale do Itaja, alcanamos Brusque e, de-
pois, Blumenau, cidades essas que nos impressionaram pela
sua avanada indstria fabril.
28
RHGLWRULDO-RUJH$PDGR
5 Em frases como a seguinte, este refere-se pessoa
mencionada em ltimo lugar, aquele mencionada em pri-
meiro lugar:
2 UHIHULGR DGYRJDGR H R 'U 7DQFUHGR/RSHV HUDPDPi-
JRV tQWLPRV DTXHOH FDVDGR  VROWHLUR HVWH 9DOHQWLP 0DJa-
lhes)
PRONOMES RELATIVOS
Pronomes relativos so palavras que representam subs-
tantivos j referidos, com os quais esto relacionadas. Da
denominarmos relativos.
Antecedente
O termo j referido anteriormente, retomado na nova
orao pelo pronome relativo, chama-se antecedente.
As mos que dizem adeus so pssaros...
(Mrio Quintana)
(mos =antecedente)
(que = pronome relativo)
O antecedente pode estar expresso ou no na orao.
1. Antecedente expresso
O pssaro legendrio uirapuru, que imita todos os demais,
canta para aqueles que amam as aves e a sua msica.
(Luiz Carlos Lisboa)
 Lngua Portuguesa
Os italianos dirigem-se principalmente para o Sul da pro- 5 O relativo o qual (e suas flexes), principalmente
vncia, onde se dedicam lavoura de subsistncia e vitivini- quando regido de preposio, pode substituir o pronome que:
cultura. (Almanaque Abril)
um passado extinto e de que (ou do qual) ningum se
uma velha mesa esta sobre a qual bato hoje a minha lembra.
crnica. (Vincius de Moraes) Por amor da clareza usa-se o qual em vez de que, quan-
do este vier distanciado de seu antecedente, ensejando fal-
2. Antecedente no expresso sos sentidos:
Regressando de Ouro Preto, visitei o stio de minha tia, o
Quem no tem co, caa com gato. qual me deixou encantado.
Onde eu nasci passa um rio.
6 As preposies ante, aps, at, desde, durante, entre,
Quadro dos pronomes relativos perante, mediante, segundo (vale dizer, preposies com
duas ou mais slabas), bem como as monosslabas sem e
pronomes relativos sob e todas as locues prepositivas, constroem-se com o
variveis invariveis pronome, o qual e nunca com o pronome relativo que. As
preposies contra, para e sobre usam-se, de preferncia,
o qual, os quais, a qual, as quais que com o pronome o qual. Exemplos:
cujo, cujos, cuja, cujas quem
quanto, quantos, quanta, quantas onde
Perguntei-lhe quantos eram os temas sobre os quais ele
devia falar.
Emprego dos pronomes relativos
7HYHHQWmRLQtFLRXPEUHYHFHULPRQLDOFRQWiELOGXUDQWHR
1 O antecedente do pronome relativo que pode ser TXDOVyVHRXYLDRUXtGRGDSHQDDUUDQKDQGRRSDSHO
nome de coisa ou de pessoa, ou o demonstrativo o, ou outro (Herberto Sales)
pronome. Exemplos:
(/XtVDHVWDULDSUHVHQWH a ltima testemunha perante a
H coisas que aprendemos tarde. TXDOHOHVHULDLQYLVtYHODRYH[DPH
(Fernando Namora)
9L-a falar com desdm, e um pouco de indignao, da
PXOKHUGHTXHVHWUDWDYDDOLiVVXDDPLJD As preposies monossilbicas a, com, de, em e por,
(Machado de Assis) quando iniciam oraes adjetivas restritivas, empregam-se,
de preferncia, com o pronome que:
%HQGLWRRTXHQDWHUUDR IRJRIH]HRWHWR
(Olavo Bilac) A moa [a que me refiro] no desta cidade.
No encontrei os livros [de que precisava].
O relativo que s vezes equivale a o que, coisa que, e se
refere a uma orao: PRONOME INDEFINIDO
1mR FKHJRX D VHU SDGUH PDV QmR GHL[RX GH VHU SRHWD Os pronomes indefinidos so os que se referem terceira
que HUDDVXDYRFDomRQDWXUDO0DFKDGRGH$VVLV pessoa do discurso, de modo vago ou impreciso.
2 Numa srie de oraes adjetivas coordenadas, pode Algum arrematou a obra de Portinari no leilo.
ocorrer a elipse do relativo que: Todos cumpriram seu dever cvico.
$VDODHVWDYDFKHLDGHJHQWHTXHFRQYHUVDYDULDIXPa- Quadro dos pronomes indefinidos
YD/~FLRGH0HQGRQoD
pronomes indefinidos
variveis invariveis
3 O relativo quem sempre regido de preposio e, na
algum, alguma, alguns, algumas algo
lngua moderna, se refere exclusivamente a pessoas ou coi- nenhum, nenhuma, nenhuns, nenhumas algum
sas personificadas: todo, toda, todos, todas nada
muito, muita, muitos, muitas ningum
O funcionrio por quem fui atendido mostrou-se gentil. pouco, pouca, poucos, poucas tudo
certo, certa, certos, certas cada
Ao encontro malsoante sem quem deve-se preferir sem o outro, outra, outros, outras outrem
qual: quanto, quanta, quantos, quantas quem
Estvamos esperando Otvio, sem o qual no podamos tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas mais
vrio, vria, vrios, vrias menos
sair. diverso, diversa, diversos, diversas demais
qualquer, quaisquer
4 Cujo (e suas flexes) pronome adjetivo e equivale a
do qual, da qual, dos quais, das quais: Locues pronominais indefinidas
O cavalo um animal cujo pelo liso. (= o pelo do qual cada um / cada uma / cada qual
liso) quem quer que / quantos quer que
toda aquela que / todo aquele que
O substantivo determinado por este pronome no vir seja quem for / seja qual for
precedido de artigo: cujo pelo (e no cujo o pelo). qualquer um / qualquer um
um ou outro / uma ou outra
tal e tal / tal qual / tal e qual / tal ou qual

29
 Lngua Portuguesa
Emprego dos pronomes indefinidos Usa-se como advrbio, no sentido de completamente,
mas geralmente flexionando-se em gnero e nmero:
1) algum
Os ips estavam todos floridos.
Anteposto ao substantivo, tem significao positiva; pro- A roupa estava toda molhada.
posto, apresenta valor negativo:
10) tudo
Algum amigo os traiu. (= um amigo)
Amigo algum os traiu. (=nenhum amigo) Pode-se dizer, indiferentemente, tudo que ou tudo o que:

2) cada Esquea tudo que ficou atrs.

Esquea tudo o que ficou atrs.
Pode apresentar-se na frase com valor:
PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS
a) distributivo: Cada livro custou dez dlares!
b) Intensivo: L na cidade tem cada moa bonita! Os pronomes interrogativos so os pronomes indefinidos
usados na formulao de perguntas diretas ou indiretas.
3) demais
Que pas este?
Significa os outros, os restantes: Quem vem l?
Dos quadros que fiz s tenho dois: os demais eu vendi. Quero saber quem vem l

4) menos, mais Quadro dos pronomes interrogativos

Menos invarivel: pronomes interrogativos

preciso gastar menos gua. que qual e quais
Mais significa muitos, uma infinidade, em frases como: quem quanto, quantos, quanta, quantas
Os ndios avanavam, atirando flechas e mais flechas.
Emprego dos pronomes interrogativos
5) nenhum
1) que
Proposto ao substantivo, aviva a negao:
6HX,YRQmRPRUDHPSDUWHQHQKXPD
pronome substantivo quando equivaler a que coisa.
(Graciliano Ramos)
Nesse caso, admite tambm a forma o que.
6) certo
Mas que significa isso? perguntou o moo insatisfeito...
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)
Antepe-se ao substantivo, podendo, em alguns casos, vir
precedido do artigo um:
2) quem
Tinha certo ar de superioridade.
pronome substantivo e refere-se a pessoas.
Chegamos ao stio de um certo Eufrsio.
- Quem sou eu? ele perguntou num ltimo esforo.
(Otto Lara Resende)
7) qual
3) qual
Como pronome indefinido, tem o sentido de cada qual:
Pode ser pronome adjetivo ou substantivo:
(PVHJXLGDGHVFHUDPHMiQmRHUDPGRLVPDVVLPGH]
meninos, qual mais fagueiro, e todos diziam que iam acabar
- Quais so os smbolos da ptria? (pronome adjetivo)
FRPDUDWD]DQD/XtV+HQULTXH7DYDUHV
- Leve esses livros daqui!! Agora!
- Quais? (pronome substantivo)
8) qualquer
4) quanto
O plural deste pronome quaisquer:
Pode ser pronome substantivo ou pronome adjetivo:
Executamos quaisquer servios.
Perguntei quanto era. (pronome substantivo)
Pode apresentar-se com sentido depreciativo:
- Quanto tempo faz que a gente no se encontra? (pro-
nome adjetivo)
$LQWHQomRGHOHpPRVWUDUTXHQmRpFULDGRGHTXDOTXHU
(Machado de Assis)
5) cad?
9) todo
A expresso que feito de, reduzida para que de, deu
origem aos interrogativos cad, quede e qued, bastante
Modernamente, costuma-se distinguir todo (= cada, qual-
utilizados na linguagem coloquial e j incorporados pela lite-
quer) e todo o (= inteiro, completo):
ratura.
Li todo o livro. (= o livro todo ou inteiro)
E cad doutor? Cad remdio? Cad jeito?
Li todo livro que encontrasse. (= cada ou qualquer livro)
(Monteiro Lobato)

30
 Lngua Portuguesa
Qued o meu dinheiro?
(O que feito do meu dinheiro?)
FORMAS DE TRATAMENTO
Entre os pronomes pessoais incluem-se os pronomes de
tratamento, que so palavras ou expresses utilizadas para
as pessoas com quem se fala. So, portanto, pronomes de 2
pessoa, embora sejam empregados com verbo na 3 pessoa.
Esses pronomes, que aparecem apenas na linguagem
formal, expressam uma atitude cerimoniosa do emissor em
relao ao interlocutor ou pessoa de quem se fala.
Apesar de ser considerado pela NGB como pronome de
tratamento, voc enquadra-se mais apropriadamente na
categoria de pronome pessoal, visto que substitui tu em qua-
se todo o territrio brasileiro.
Deve-se notar ainda o emprego de voc como pronome
que indetermina o sujeito:
Mas o que voc pode fazer contra as foras da natureza?
A norma culta da lngua condena esse emprego do termo,
preferindo a impessoalizao com o pronome se:
O que se pode fazer contra as foras da natureza?

Vossa Alteza precisa descansar.

$H[SUHVVmRDJHQWH
Quando se referir 3 pessoa, o pronome de tratamento
precedido de sua: Na linguagem coloquial, o pronome ns frequentemente
substitudo por a gente.
Sua Alteza retornar em Breve.
Um segurana nos xingou e queria nos agredir para que a
gente sasse da estao.
Quadro dos pronomes de tratamento
A expresso pode ainda apresentar valor impessoal,
abreviatura indeterminado:
pronomes de
tratamento singular plural
Eu sabia os riscos que estava correndo. A gente sempre
Voc v. v v. pensa: comigo no YDLDFRQWHFHU$tDFRQWHFHXGL]
Usado para pessoas familiares, ntimas. (a gente pensa = pensa-se)
a as
Senhor, Senhora Sr., Sr. Srs., Sr. A norma culta da lngua tende a rejeitar essas constru-
Usados para manter uma distncia respeitosa. es, comuns na fala coloquial.
a as
Vossa Senhoria V.S. V.S.
Senhor, senhora, senhorita
Usado para correspondncias comerciais.
a as
Vossa Excelncia V.Ex. V.Ex. Os pronomes senhor, senhora e senhorita so largamente
Usado para altas autoridades: presidente, etc. utilizados no Brasil como forma de respeito e cortesia.
a as
Vossa Eminncia V.Em. V.Em. EXERCCIOS
Usado para cardeais.
Vossa Alteza V.A. V V.A A. 1 Identifique a alternativa em que todas as palavras desta-
cadas so pronomes:
Usado para prncipes e duques
Vossa Santidade V.S. - a) Um s aluno nos prestou nenhuma colaborao.
b) Quem a ajudar a alcanar todo o sucesso?
Usado para o Papa
ma mas
c) Aquele ao qual se entregou o prmio ficou muito feliz.
Vossa Reverendssima V.Rev. V.Rev. d) Todos os que ajudam so nossos amigos.
Usado para sacerdotes e religiosos em geral.
a as 2 Assinale a alternativa que completa, corretamente, a
Vossa Magnificncia V.Mag. V.Mag.
frase:
Usado para reitores de universidades.
Vossa Majestade V.M. V V.M M. Era para _______ falar _______ ontem, mas no _______
localizei em parte alguma.
Usado para reis e rainhas.
a) mim comigo o
O pronome voc b) eu com ele o
c) eu com ele lhe
O pronome voc perdeu seu carter de tratamento ceri- d) mim consigo lhe
monioso sendo hoje, no Brasil, utilizado em situaes infor-
mais, substituindo o pronome de segunda pessoa tu. 3 Assinale a alternativa em que o pronome destacado foi
empregado corretamente:
Voc sempre foi resistente ideia de gravar discos. O que
o fez mudar de ideia? a) Aguarde um instante. Quero falar consigo.
b) lamentvel, mas isso sempre ocorre com ns dois.
Como se v pelo exemplo, voc faz referncia segunda c) O processo est a para mim examinar.
pessoa, mas exige verbo na terceira. d) Vossa Senhoria preocupa-se com problemas cuja solu-
o foge a vossa alada.
Este pronome resulta das transformaes fonticas pelas
quais passou o pronome de tratamento Vossa Merc. 4 Identifique a srie de pronomes que completa adequada-
mente as lacunas do seguinte perodo:

31
 Lngua Portuguesa
Os desentendimentos entre ______ e _____ advm de uma ADVRBIO
insegurana que a vida estabeleceu para _______traar um
caminho que vai de _______ a ______ . uma palavra que modifica (que se refere) a um verbo, a
a) eu tu eu mim tu adjetivo, a um outro advrbio.
b) mim ti mim mim tu
c) mim ti - eu mim ti A maioria dos advrbios modifica o verbo, ao qual acres-
d) eu ti mim mim tu centa uma circunstncia. S os de intensidade que podem
tambm modificar adjetivos e advrbios.
5 Considere os enunciados a seguir:
Mora muito longe
I. O senhor no deixe de comparecer. Precisamos do seu (modifica o advrbio longe).
apoio.
II. Voc quer que te digamos a verdade? Sairei cedo para alcanar os excursionistas
III. Vossa Excelncia conseguiu realizar todos os vossos (modifica o verbo sairei).
intentos?
IV. Vossa Majestade no deve preocupar-se unicamente com Eram exerccios bem difceis
os problemas dos seus auxiliares diretos. (modifica o adjetivo difceis).

Verifica-se que h falta de uniformidade no emprego das

pessoas gramaticais nos enunciados: CLASSIFICAO DOS ADVRBIOS

a) II e IV 1) De Afirmao: sim, certamente, deveras, realmente,

b) III e IV incontestavelmente, efetivamente.
c) I e IV
d) II e III 2) De Dvida: talvez, qui, acaso, porventura, provavel-
mente, decerto, certo.
6 Assinale a alternativa correta quanto ao emprego do pro-
nome relativo: 3) De Intensidade: muito, mui, pouco, assaz, bastante,
mais, menos, to, demasiado, meio, todo, completamente,
a) um homem em cuja honestidade se pode confiar. profundamente, demasiadamente, excessivamente, demais,
b) Machado de Assis foi um escritor que as obras ficaram nada, ligeiramente, levemente, quo, quanto, bem, mas,
clebres. quase, apenas, como.
c) Comprou uma casa suntuosa, cuja casa lhe custou uma
fortuna. 4) De Lugar: abaixo, acima, acol, c, l, aqui, ali, a, alm,
d) Preciso de um pincel delicado, sem o cujo no poderei algures, aqum, alhures, nenhures, atrs, fora, afora, dentro,
assinar minha obra. longe, adiante, diante, onde, avante, atravs, defronte, aon-
de, donde, detrs.
7 - 3RUIDYRUHPSUHVWH-me .......... lpis que est a perto de
voc. .......... aqui est com a ponta quebrada para .......... 5) De Modo: bem, mal, assim, depressa, devagar, como,
ID]HURH[HUFtFLR adrede, debalde, melhor, pior, alis, calmamente, livremente,
e quase todos os advrbios terminados em "mente".
a) este; Esse; mim
b) este; Esse; eu 6) De Negao: no, absolutamente.
c) esse; Este; eu
d) esse; Este; mim 7) De Tempo: agora, hoje, amanh, depois, ontem, anteon-
tem, j, sempre, nunca, jamais, ainda, logo, antes, cedo,
8 - Assinale o item em que h erro no emprego do pronome tarde, ora, afinal, outrora, ento, breve, a, entrementes, bre-
demonstrativo: vemente, imediatamente, raramente, finalmente, comumente,
a) Paulo, que isso que voc leva? presentemente, etc.
b) $PDL YRVVRVLUPmRVVmR HVVDV DV YHUGDGHLUDV SDOavras
de amor. H ainda advrbios interrogativos: onde? aonde?
c) Trinta de dezembro de 1977! Foi significativo para mim quando? como? por que?: Onde esto eles? Quando sai-
esse dia. ro? Como viajaram? Por que no telefonaram?
d) Pedro, esse livro que est com Jos meu.
e) No estou de acordo com aquelas palavras que Jos pro-
nunciou. LOCUES ADVERBIAIS

9 - Assinale o item em que houve erro no emprego do pro- So duas ou mais palavras com funo de advrbio: s
a
nome de 1 pessoa, pois usou-se a forma oblqua no lugar da tontas, s claras, s pressas, s ocultas, toa, de vez em
reta: quando, de quando em quando, de propsito, s vezes, ao
acaso, ao lu, de repente, de chofre, a olhos vistos, de cor,
a) Vieram at mim rapidamente de improviso, em breve, por atacado, em cima, por trs, para
b) cedo para mim dar a resposta trs, de perto, sem dvida, passo a passo, etc.
c) Para mim ele o maior
d) Ela chegou antes de mim Exemplos:
Ele, s vezes, age s escondidas.
RESPOSTAS O segredo sempre virar direita.
1-D 2-B 3-B tarde ela trabalha no hospital, mas noite ela est em
4-C 5-D 6-A casa.
7-C 8-C 9-B

32
 Lngua Portuguesa
FLEXO DOS ADVRBIOS PREPOSIO

Alguns advrbios flexionam-se no comparativo e no su- Preposio a palavra que liga um termo a outro:
perlativo.
Casa de pedra; livro de Paulo; falou com ele.
Grau comparativo:
Dividem-se as preposies em essenciais (as que sempre
de igualdade: to + advrbio + quanto foram preposies) e acidentais (palavras de outras classes
Cheguei to cedo quanto queria. gramaticais que, s vezes, funcionam como preposio).

de superioridade: mais + advrbio + que 1) Preposies Essenciais: a, ante, aps, at, com, de,
Cheguei mais cedo que queria. ds, desde, para, per, perante, por, sem, sob, sobre, trs.

de inferioridade: menos + advrbio + que Exemplos:

Cheguei menos cedo que queria. Fumava cigarro aps cigarro.
Est vestida de branco.
Grau superlativo:
2) Preposies Acidentais: conforme, consoante, segundo,
analtico: durante, mediante, visto, como,exceto, salvo, etc.

Eles estavam muito felizes. Exemplos:

Ele chegou muito cedo. Os heris tiveram como prmio uma coroa de louros.
Vov dormiu durante a viagem.
sinttico:
LOCUES PREPOSITIVAS
Eles estavam felicssimos.
Ele chegou cedssimo. So expresses com a funo das preposies.

EXERCCIOS Em geral so formadas de advrbio (ou locuo adverbial)

+ preposio: abaixo de, acima de, por trs de, em frente de,
1) H dois advrbios em todas as alternativas, exceto na: junto a, perto de, longe de, depois de, antes de, atravs de,
embaixo de, em cima de, em face de, etc.
a) Ela cantava muito bem. Exemplo:
b) Hoje, talvez eu v s compras. Passamos atravs de mata cerrada.
c) Eu no gostei de chegar tarde ao trabalho.
d) Masa muito calma. COMBINAES E CONTRAES
e) O motorista dirige muito devagar.
As preposies a, de, em, per e para, unem-se com
outras palavras, formando um s vocbulo.
2) Assinale a alternativa que contm um advrbio de afirma-
o: H combinao quando a preposio se une sem perda
de fonema; se a preposio sofre queda de fonema, haver
a) Sem dvida, ele um grande pintor. contrao.
b) Ele, provavelmente, sara do emprego.
c) Absolutamente, no entendo nada de espanhol. A preposio combina-se com os artigos, pronomes de-
d) Calmamente, expliquei a situao a ela. monstrativos e com advrbios.
e) Talvez ela venha ao nosso encontro.
As preposies a, de, em, per contraem-se com os arti-
3) Aponte a alternativa que no contm uma locuo adver- gos, e, algumas delas, com certos pronomes e advrbios.
bial:
a+a= de + isto = disto
a) Jos deixou o escritrio s pressas. a + as = s de + aqui = daqui
b) J sei a lio de cor. a + aquele = quele em + esse = nesse
c) Em breve sair o novo cd de Roberto Carlos. a + aquela = quela em + o = no
d) Atualmente, h vrios filmes em cartaz. a + aquilo = quilo em + um = num
e) Assim, ela tornou-se rica e famosa. de + o = do em + aquele = naquele
de + ele = dele per + o = pelo
1DRUDomR-RDQDWUDEDOKDPXLWRORQJHGHFDVDWHPRVR
grau:
a) comparativo de superioridade
b) superlativo sinttico
c) superlativo analtico
d) comparativo de igualdade
e) comparativo de inferioridade
RESPOSTAS
1-D 2-A 3-D
de + este = deste
EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa em que a palavra em destaque
preposio:
a) A professora recolheu as provas antes do horrio.
b) Obriguei-a a estudar mais.
c) Fomos ao cinema, depois levei-as para tomar um lanche.
d) A noite estava to bonita!
4-C e) A me brigou com as filhas.
33
 Lngua Portuguesa
2) Aponte a alternativa que contm somente preposies INTERJEIO
acidentais:
Interjeio a palavra que exprime um estado emotivo.
a) afora, contra, perante, sobre As interjeies so um recurso da linguagem afetiva e emo-
b) desde, segundo, afora, mediante cional. Podem exprimir e registrar os mais variados sentimen-
c) exceto, salvo, mediante, visto tos.
d) durante, desde, entre, segundo Classificam-se em:
e) trs, com, contra, perante
1) de dor: ai! ui! ai de mim! 7) de apelo: ! al! psit! psiu!
3) Nas oraes: 2) de desejo: oxal! tomara! 8) de silncio: psiu! silncio!
3) de alegria: ah! oh! eh! viva! 9) de repetio: bis!
I - Valter foi a Portugal no ano passado. 4) de animao: eia! coragem! 10) de saudao: al! ol!
avante! upa! fora! vamos! salve! bom dia!
II - A sua cano linda! 5) de aplauso: bem! bravo! 11) de advertncia: cuidado!
III - Ele a iludiu com falsas promessas. apoiado! devagar! ateno!
6) de averso: ih! chi! irra! ora 12) de indignao: fora! morra!
temos, respectivamente: bolas!

a) preposio pronome artigo

LOCUO INTERJETIVA
b) pronome preposio artigo
c) artigo artigo preposio
uma expresso formada de mais de uma palavra, com
d) preposio artigo pronome
valor de interjeio: Meu Deus! Muito bem! Ai de mim! Ora
e) artigo preposio pronome
bolas! Valha-me Deus! Quem me dera!
4) Assinale a alternativa cuja lacuna no pode ser preenchida
As interjeies so proferidas em tom de voz especial e,
com a preposio entre parnteses:
dependendo desta circunstncia, a mesma interjeio pode
expressar sentimentos diversos.
a) Grande parte .............. doaes foram desviadas. (de + as)
b) Ele no tem muita sorte ............. amor. (de + o)
EXERCCIOS
c) Ela tomou a criana ............... brao e a levou. (per + o)
d) O prisioneiro foi levado ............... cela. (a + a)
1) Nas oraes:
e) Eu deixei o livro ............... lugar. (em + esse)
I - Espero que ele viva por muitos anos.
II - Viva o meu time!
5) Aponte a alternativa que preenche corretamente as frases
as palavras em destaque so respectivamente:
abaixo:
a) interjeio verbo d) ambas so verbos
I - O filme .......... assistimos era timo.
b) ambos so interjeies e) verbo substantivo
II - O emprego .......... aspiras muito difcil.
c) verbo interjeio
III - A menina .......... gosto a Mariana.
2) Aponte a alternativa incorreta quanto sua classificao:
a) a que, a que, de que
b) que, a que, de que
a) Tomara que voc vena! (desejo)
c) a que, de que, que
b) Basta! No quero ouvir mais nada! (cessao)
d) de que, a que, que
c) Nossa! Quase fui atropelado. (espanto)
e) a que, a que, que
d) Credo! No suporto manga. (alvio)
e) Raios! Mas que demora! (impacincia)
6) Assinale a alternativa que preencha as lacunas da
orao:
3) As interjeies so utilizadas para:
 as ltimas semanas, o movimento caiu ...............
H
a) expressar sentimentos
b) ligar termos de uma orao
a) Mediante - sob
c) dar uma circunstncia ao verbo
b) Durante - aps
d) ligar termos entre si
c) Desde - sob
e) n.d.a.
d) Desde - ante
e) Durante - entre
4) A interjeio oxal indica estado de:
7) Aponte a alternativa que contm somente preposies
a) admirao d) apelo
essenciais:
b) advertncia e) desejo
c) concordncia
a) exceto, segundo, perante, em
b) trs, salvo, de, por
5) Assinale a alternativa que substitua a expresso em des-
c) menos, a, sem, visto
taque:
d) entre, sobre, contra, desde Que desagradvel, l vem voc com essa mesma converVD
e) afora, fora, visto a) Oxal! d) Fora!
b) Boa! e) Salve!
c) Ih!
RESPOSTAS
1-B 2-C 3-D 4-B 5-A 6-E 7-D RESPOSTAS
1-C 2-D 3-A 4-E 5-C

34
 Lngua Portuguesa
CONJUNO 3) Concessivas:
embora, conquanto, ainda que, mesmo que, por mais que,
Conjuno a palavra invarivel que liga oraes ou por menos que, se bem que, posto que, nem que, dado que,
termos da orao. sem que, etc.

Exemplos: Exemplo: Foi ao encontro, embora estivesse atrasado.

Comi mas no gostei. 4) Condicionais:

Samos de casa quando amanhecia. se, caso, desde que, salvo se, contanto que, a no ser que, a
menos que, sem que, etc.
As conjunes dividem-se em coordenativas e subordina-
tivas. Exemplo: No irei sem que ela me telefone.

Quando a conjuno liga as oraes sem fazer com que 5) Conformativas:

uma dependa da outra ou sem que a segunda complete o
sentido da primeira, ela coordenativa.
Quando a conjuno liga duas oraes que se completam
uma a outra e faz com que a segunda dependa da primeira,
ela subordinativa.
CONJUNES COORDENATIVAS
como, conforme, segundo, consoante, etc.
Exemplo: Cada um colhe, conforme semeia.
6) Consecutivas:
que (precedido dos termos intensivos tal, to, tanto, tama-
nho), de sorte que, de modo que, de forma que, de maneira
que, sem que, etc.

Podem ser: Exemplo: Era to feio que metia medo nas crianas.

1) Aditivas: do ideia de adio: e, nem, mas tambm, mais 7) Finais:

ainda, seno, tambm, como tambm, bem como. a fim de que, para que, que, porque, etc.

Exemplo: A doena vem a cavalo e volta a p. Exemplo: Enganou-os para que no a enganassem.

2) Adversativas: exprimem mais contraste, oposio, ressal- 8) Proporcionais:

va, compensao: mas, porm, todavia, contudo, entretanto, proporo que, medida que, ao passo que, quanto mais,
seno, ao passo que, no entanto, apesar disso. quanto menos, etc.

Exemplo: Querem ser ricos, mas no trabalham. Exemplo: As criaturas so mais perfeitas proporo que
so mais capazes de amar.
3) Alternativas: exprimem alternativa, alternncia: ou,
ou . . . ou, ora . . . ora, j . . . j, seja . . . seja, quer . . . quer. 9) Temporais:
enquanto, quando, logo que, assim que, depois que, agora
Exemplo: A louca ora o acariciava, ora o renegava freneti- que, antes que, desde que, at que, sempre que, etc.
camente.
Exemplo: Todos se calaram, depois que protestei.
4) Explicativas: exprimem explicao, um motivo: que, por-
que, porquanto, pois. As conjunes explicativas aparecem 10) Integrantes:
normalmente depois de oraes imperativas. que, se.

Exemplo: Venha, porque quero conversar com voc. Exemplo: Sonhei que o mundo havia acabado.

5) Conclusivas: expressam concluso: logo, portanto, por Observao: As conjunes subordinativas integrantes in-
conseguinte, por isso, pois (depois de verbo). troduzem as oraes subordinadas substantivas. As demais
conjunes subordinativas introduzem as oraes subordina-
Exemplo: As rvores balanavam, logo estava ventando. das adverbiais. A classificao das conjunes depender
unicamente da significao que elas derem orao que
introduzem.
CONJUNES SUBORDINATIVAS
LOCUO CONJUNTIVA
Podem ser:
So duas ou mais palavras que tm valor de conjuno.
Geralmente constituda de que precedido de advrbio,
1) Causais:
preposio ou particpio.
porque, que, pois, como, porquanto, visto que, desde que,
etc. visto que j que se bem que
ainda que desde que por mais que
Exemplo: No me interessa a opinio deles, porque todos ali a menos que de modo que por menos que
so imbecis. medida que uma vez que proporo que
no entanto por consequncia posto que
2) Comparativas: ainda quando logo que a fim de que
como, tal qual, assim como, que nem, como quanto, etc.
Exemplo:
Exemplo: Talvez ningum pense como ns pensamos. J que todos saram, desisto do negcio.

35
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS VERBO

1DRUDomRSegundo o jornal noticiou, o ndice de Verbo a palavra varivel em nmero, pessoa, modo,
GHVHPSUHJRDXPHQWDUiWHPRVDFRQMXQomRVXERUGinativa: tempo e voz que indica um processo no tempo, isto , que
algo aconteceu, acontece ou acontecer.
a) consecutiva
Os verbos podem indicar:
b) condicional
c) causal - ao: Sofia sempre viaja a trabalho.
d) temporal - estado: O garoto est feliz.
e) conformativa - fenmeno: Nevou no sul do pas.

 1D RUDomR 1mR FRUUD que p SHULJRVR WHPRV D FRQMXn- FLEXO DO VERBO
o coordenativa:
FLEXO DE PESSOA
a) adversativa
So necessrias trs pessoas:
b) conclusiva
c) aditiva - primeira pessoa: a quem fala (eu e ns).
d) explicativa
e) alternativa - segunda pessoa: com quem se fala (tu e vs).

3) Aponte a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna: - terceira pessoa: de quem ou a respeito do que se fala
(ele / ela eles / elas).
Trata-se de um homem mais inteligente .................. bonito.
FLEXO DE MODO
a) que So as diversas maneiras que um verbo assume para
b) como indicar atitudes da pessoa que fala.
c) logo
d) porque - indicativo: expressa uma atitude real, concreta.
e) e
O jovem mdico socorreu os doentes.
4) Assinale a conjuno que d ideia de causa:
- subjuntivo: indica uma atitude hipottica, duvidosa ou
a) O filho maior que o pai. possvel.
b) Quando ela acordou, eu j havia sado. Talvez eu v ao cinema no domingo.
c) Marcelo no viajou porque no dispunha de dinheiro.
d) Ignoro como ele fez isso. - imperativo: indica uma ordem, um convite, um pedido.
e) Embora descontente, aceitou a proposta.
Pare de fumar!
5) Assinale a alternativa que d ideia de concesso:
FLEXO DE TEMPO
a) Seu choro era to forte que todos podiam ouvi-lo.
b) Foi a Petrpolis a fim de que pudesse rev-la. a propriedade que tem o verbo de localizar o fato no
tempo em que acontece o ocorrido.
c) Se voc no voltar, irei busc-la.
d) Ainda que voc no merea, lhe darei o carro. - presente: a ao ocorre no momento em que se fala.
e) medida que chorava, explicava o que havia acontecido.
Joo estuda e trabalha.
6) A vida transcorre entre o sucesso e o insucesso. impor-
tante, ..............., que o adolescente enfrente adversidades, - pretrito: a ao transcorreu num momento anterior -
fracassos e frustraes para que possa, segundo a cano quele em que se fala.
popular, "sacudir a poeira e dar volta por cima".
A conjuno que introduz uma ideia de concluso : Joo estudava e trabalhava.

- futuro: a ao poder ocorrer aps o momento em que

a) porquanto se fala.
b) porm
c) pois Joo estudar e trabalhar.
d) contudo
e) conquanto O esquema abaixo apresenta os modos e os tempos
verbais simples da lngua portuguesa:
7) Em: ". . . esses merecem perdo ou reparao total?" - o
conectivo ou encerra a ideia de: presente (eu estudo)

perfeito (eu estudei)

a) excluso modo pretrito imperfeito (eu estudava)
b) alternncia indicativo mais-que-perfeito (eu estudara)
c) adio
d) condio futuro do presente (eu estudarei)
e) simultaneidade do pretrito (eu estudaria)

RESPOSTA presente (que eu estude)

modo pretrito imperfeito (se eu estudasse)
1-E 2-D 3-A 4-C 5-D 6-C 7-B subjuntivo futuro (quando/se eu estudar)

36
 Lngua Portuguesa
- Futuro: indica a ocorrncia futura de um fato que ainda no
modo presente afirmativo (estuda [tu]) ocorreu no momento da fala.
imperativo negativo (no estudes [tu])
Viajarei Itlia no prximo ms.

FLEXO DE NMERO - Futuro do presente: exprime um fato que ir ocorrer, com

certeza.
Admite singular ou plural, concordando com seu sujeito.
Voc ter um futuro maravilhoso.
O professor corrigiu as provas.
Os professores corrigiram as provas. - Futuro do pretrito: indica um fato que ainda ir se concre-
tizar, relacionado com um fato passado.
FLEXO DE VOZ
Eu compraria um carro se tivesse dinheiro.
Maneira pela qual o verbo se relaciona com o sujeito.
Pode ser:
SUBJUNTIVO
- voz ativa: quando algo ou algum responsvel pela
ao do verbo. - Presente: indica uma ocorrncia que talvez se realize.

A empregada lavou as janelas. necessrio que voc converse com ele.

- voz passiva: quando algo ou algum recebe a ao - Pretrito imperfeito: indica uma ao que talvez tenha
verbal. acontecido.

As janelas foram lavadas pela empregada. Se ele fosse politizado, no votaria naquele farsante.

Observao: a voz passiva pode ser analtica ou sinttica. - Futuro: indica um fato que talvez se concretize no futuro.

analtica: formada com os verbos ser, estar e fi- Se ela fizer o regime, emagrecer rapidamente.
car seguidos de particpio. Quando ele estudar, passar no concurso.

Todos os carros foram roubados.

(particpio) FORMAS NOMINAIS
sinttica: formada com o verbo na terceira pessoa
acompanhado do pronome se. INFINITIVO
Vendem-se casas. O infinitivo tem valor de substantivo.
- voz reflexiva: quando algo ou algum pratica e recebe Estudar um direito de qualquer cidado.
ao mesmo tempo a ao verbal. O estudo um direito de qualquer cidado.
O garoto machucou-se.
PARTICPIO
OS TEMPOS VERBAIS
O particpio pode ter valor de adjetivo. Sofre flexo de
INDICATIVO gnero e nmero, de acordo com o substantivo a que se
refere.
- Presente: indica a ocorrncia de um fato no momento em
que se fala. Calado num canto, ele observava tudo.
As guas atingem um metro, afirma o jornalista.
GERNDIO
tambm usado para indicar ocorrncia frequente de um
fato. O gerndio pode assumir o valor de advrbio ou adjetivo.
Todo dia ela visita seus pais. O atleta cruzou sorrindo a linha de chegada. (advrbio)
Eu vi o menino correndo. (adjetivo)
- Pretrito: indica a ocorrncia de um fato antes do momento
em que se fala.
LOCUO VERBAL
A escola pegou fogo.
So as combinaes verbais que produzem formas com-
- Pretrito perfeito: indica um fato que ocorreu totalmente no postas.
passado.
Eu tenho trabalhado demais.
A famlia inteira chegou em 2008.
Os verbos que se empregam frequentemente como pri-
- Pretrito imperfeito: indica um fato que iniciou no passado meiro elemento dessas combinaes so chamados verbos
e ainda no foi concluda. auxiliares.
Ela vivia chorando. Os mais comuns so ter, haver, ser e estar.
- Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: indica a ocorrncia de um fato
no passado, iniciado antes de outro, tambm no passado.

Mentiu outra vez ao afirmar que falara tudo ao pai. CONJUGAO DOS VERBOS AUXILIARES

37
 Lngua Portuguesa
MODO INDICATIVO Futuro simples

for estiver tiver houver

Presente fores estiveres tiveres houveres
for estiver tiver houver
sou estou tenho hei formos estivermos tivermos houvermos
s ests tens hs fordes estiverdes tiverdes houverdes
est tem h forem estiverem tiverem houverem
somos estamos temos havemos
sois estais tendes haveis
so esto tm ho
MODO IMPERATIVO
Pretrito perfeito
Afirmativo
fui estive tive houve
foste estiveste tiveste houveste s (tu) est (tu) tem (tu) h (tu)
foi esteve teve houve seja (voc) esteja (voc) tenha (voc) haja (voc)
fomos estivemos tivemos houvemos sejamos (ns) estejamos tenhamos hajamos
sede (vs) (ns) (ns) (ns)
fostes estivestes tivestes houvestes sejam (vocs) estai (vs) tende (vs) havei (vs)
foram estiveram tiveram houveram estejam tenham (vo- hajam
(vocs) cs) (vocs)
Pretrito imperfeito
Negativo
era estava tinha havia
eras estavas tinhas havias no sejas (tu) no estejas no tenhas no hajas
era estava tinha havia no seja (vo- (tu) (tu) (tu)
ramos estvamos tnhamos havamos c) no esteja no tenha no haja
reis estveis tnheis haveis no sejamos (voc) (voc) (voc)
eram estavam tinham haviam (ns) no esteja- no tenha- no haja-
no sejais mos (ns) mos (ns) mos (ns)
(vs) no estejais no tenhais no hajais
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito no sejam (vs) (vs) (vs)
(vocs) no estejam no tenham no hajam
fora estivera tivera houvera (vocs) (vocs) (vocs)
foras estiveras tiveras houveras
fora estivera tivera houvera
framos estivramos tivramos houvramos FORMAS NOMINAIS
freis estivreis tivreis houvreis
foram estiveram tiveram houveram
Infinitivo impessoal

Futuro do presente ser estar ter haver

serei estarei terei haverei

sers estars ters havers
ser estar ter haver Infinitivo pessoal
seremos estaremos teremos haveremos
sereis estareis tereis havereis ser (eu) estar (eu) ter (eu) haver (eu)
sero estaro tero havero seres (tu) estares (tu) teres (tu) haveres (tu)
ser (ele) estar (ele) ter (ele) haver (ele)
sermos (ns) estarmos termos havermos
Futuro do pretrito serdes (vs) (ns) (ns) (ns)
serem (eles) estardes terdes haverdes (vs)
seria estaria teria haveria (vs) (vs) haverem
serias estarias terias haverias estarem terem (eles)
seria estaria teria haveria (eles) (eles)
seramos estaramos teramos haveramos
sereis estareis tereis havereis
seriam estariam teriam haveriam
Gerndio
MODO SUBJUNTIVO
sendo estando tendo havendo

Presente
seja esteja tenha haja Particpio
sejas estejas tenhas hajas
seja esteja tenha haja sido estado tido havido
sejamos estejamos tenhamos hajamos
sejais estejais tenhais hajais
sejam estejam tenham hajam CONJUGAES

Pretrito Imperfeito So as trs conjugaes:

fosse estivesse tivesse houvesse

fosses estivesses tivesses houvesses 1 conjugao ar: andar, amar, trabalhar, etc.
fosse estivesse tivesse houvesse
fssemos estivssemos tivssemos houvssemos 2 conjugao er: correr, vender, perder, etc.
fsseis estivsseis tivsseis houvsseis
fossem estivessem tivessem houvessem 3 conjugao ir: sorrir, pedir, partir, etc.

Os verbos so classificados em:

38
 Lngua Portuguesa
VERBOS REGULARES MODO SUBJUNTIVO

So aqueles que no sofrem alterao em seu radical e

Presente
suas desinncias so iguais ao verbo paradigma (modelo de
conjugao). ame corra parta
ames corras partas
ame corra parta
Modelos amemos corramos partamos
ameis corrais partais
1 conjugao - 2 conjugao - 3 conjugao - amem corram partam
amar correr partir
Pretrito imperfeito
amasse corresse partisse
MODO INDICATIVO amasses corresses partisses
amasse corresse partisse
amssemos corrssemos partssemos
amsseis corrsseis partsseis
Presente partissem
amassem corressem
amo corro parto
amas corres partes
ama corre parte Futuro simples
amamos corremos partimos
amais correis partis amar correr partir
amam correm partem amares correres partires
amar correr partir
amarmos corrermos partirmos
amardes correrdes partirdes
amarem correrem partirem
Pretrito perfeito
amei corri parti
amaste correste partiste MODO IMPERATIVO
amou correu partiu
amamos corremos partimos
amastes correstes partistes Afirmativo
amaram correram partiram
ama (tu) corre (tu) parte (tu)
ame (voc) corra (voc) parta (voc)
amemos (ns) corramos (ns) partamos (ns)
Pretrito imperfeito amai (vs) correi (vs) parti (vs)
amava corria partia amem (vocs) corram (vocs) partam (vocs)
amavas corrias partias
amava corria partia
amvamos corramos partamos
amveis correis parteis Negativo
amavam corriam partiam
no ames (tu) no corras (tu) no partas (tu)
no ame (voc) no corra (voc) no parta (voc)
no amemos (ns) no corramos no partamos (ns)
no ameis (vs) (ns) no partais (vs)
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito
no amem (vocs) no corrais (vs) no partam (vocs)
amara correra partira no corra (vocs)
amaras correras partiras
amara correra partira FORMAS NOMINAIS
amramos corrramos partramos
amreis corrreis partreis
amaram correram partiram Infinitivo impessoal
amar correr partir

Futuro do presente
Infinitivo pessoal
amarei correrei partirei
amars corrers partirs amar (eu) correr (eu) partir (eu)
amar correr partir amares (tu) correres (tu) partires (tu)
amaremos correremos partiremos amar (ele) correr (ele) partir (ele)
amareis correreis partireis amarmos (ns) corrermos (ns) partirmos (ns)
amaro correro partiro amardes (vs) correrdes (vs) partirdes (vs)
amarem (eles) correrem (eles) partirem (eles)

Futuro do pretrito
Gerndio
amaria correria partiria
amarias correrias partirias amando correndo partindo
amaria correria partiria
amaramos correramos partiramos
amareis correreis partireis Particpio
amariam correriam partiriam
amado corrido partido

39
 Lngua Portuguesa
VERBOS IRREGULARES
So aqueles que sofrem alteraes em seu radical ou em
sua desinncia, afastando-se do modelo a que pertencem.
1 CONJUGAO AR
Aguar
Presente do indicativo: guo, guas, gua, aguamos, aguais,
guam.
Pretrito perfeito: aguei, aguaste, aguou, aguamos, aguastes,
aguaram.
Presente do subjuntivo: gue, gues, gue, aguemos, agueis,
guem.
Verbo regular nos demais tempos. Assim se conjugam desaguar,
enxaguar e minguar.
Dar
Presente do indicativo: dou, ds, d, damos, dais, do.
Pretrito perfeito: dei, deste, deu, demos, destes, deram.
Pretrito imperfeito: dava, davas, dava, dvamos, dveis, davam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: dera, deras, dera, dramos, dreis,
deram.
Futuro do presente: darei, dars, dar, daremos, dareis, daro.
Futuro do pretrito: daria, darias, daria, daramos, dareis, dariam.
Presente do subjuntivo: d, ds, d, demos, deis, deem.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: desse, desses, desse, dsse-
mos, dsseis, dessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: der, deres, der, dermos, derdes, derem.
Imperativo afirmativo: d, d, demos, dai, deem.
Infinitivo impessoal: dar.
Infinitivo pessoal: dar, dares, dar, darmos, dardes, darem.
Gerndio: dando.
Particpio: dado.
Optar
Presente do indicativo: opto, optas, opta, optamos, optais, optam.
Presente do subjuntivo: opte, optes, opte, optemos, opteis, optem.
Obs.: No caso do verbo optar a irregularidade est na pronncia. Nas
trs pessoas do singular e na terceira do plural do presente do indica-
tivo e do presente do subjuntivo, a vogal o do radical pronunciada
aberta e fortemente.
2 CONJUGAO ER
Caber
Presente do indicativo: caibo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabeis, ca-
bem.
Pretrito perfeito: coube, coubeste, coube, coubemos, coubestes,
couberam.
Pretrito imperfeito: cabia, cabias, cabia, cabamos, cabeis, cabi-
am.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: coubera, couberas, coubera, coubra-
mos, coubreis, couberam.
Futuro do presente: caberei, cabers, caber, caberemos, cabereis,
cabero.
Futuro do pretrito: caberia, caberias, caberia, caberamos, caber-
eis, caberiam.
Presente do subjuntivo: caiba, caibas, caiba, caibamos, caibais,
caibam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: coubesse, coubesses, coubes-
se, coubssemos, coubsseis, coubessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: couber, couberes, couber, coubermos, cou-
berdes, couberem.
Observao: O verbo caber no se apresenta conjugado nem no
imperativo afirmativo nem no imperativo negativo.
Crer
Presente do indicativo: creio, crs, cr, cremos, credes, creem.
Pretrito perfeito: cri, creste, creu, cremos, crestes, creram.
Pretrito imperfeito: cria, crias, cria, criamos, crieis, criam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: crera, creras, crera, crramos, crreis,
creram.
Presente do subjuntivo: creia, creias, creia, creiamos, creiais,
creiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: cresse, cresses, cresse, crs-
semos, crsseis, cressem
Futuro do subjuntivo: crer, creres, crer, crermos, crerdes, crerem.
Imperativo afirmativo: cr, creia, creiamos, crede, creiam.
Imperativo negativo: no creias (tu), no creia (voc), no creiamos
(ns), no crede (vs), no creiam (vocs)
Assim se conjugam: ler e descrer.
40
Ler
Presente do indicativo: leio, ls, l, lemos, ledes, leem.
Pretrito imperfeito: lia, lias, lia, lamos, leis, liam.
Pretrito perfeito: li, leste, leu, lemos, lestes, leram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: lera, leras, lera, lramos, lreis, leram.
Presente do subjuntivo: leia, leias, leia, leiamos, leiais, leiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: lesse, lesses, lesse, lssemos,
lsseis, lessem.
Imperativo afirmativo: l, leia, leiamos, lede, leiam.
Assim se conjugam: reler, tresler.
Ver
Presente do indicativo: vejo, vs, v, vemos, vedes, veem.
Pretrito perfeito: vi, viste, viu, vimos, vistes, viram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: vira, viras, vira, vramos, vreis, viram.
Imperativo afirmativo: v, veja, vejamos, vede, vejam.
Presente do subjuntivo: veja, vejas, veja, vejamos, vejais, vejam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: visse, visses, visse, vssemos,
vsseis, vissem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: vir, vires, vir, virmos, virdes, virem.
Gerndio: vendo. / Particpio: visto.
Assim se conjugam: antever, prever e rever.
3 CONJUGAO IR
Cair
Presente do indicativo: caio, cais, cai, camos, cas, caem.
Pretrito imperfeito: caa, caas, caa, caamos, caeis, caam.
Pretrito perfeito: ca, caste, caiu, camos, castes, caram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: cara, caras, cara, caramos, careis,
caram.
Imperativo afirmativo: cai, caia, caiamos, ca, caiam.
Presente do subjuntivo: caia, caias, caia, caiamos, caiais, caiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: casse, casses, casse, cas-
semos, casseis, cassem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: cair, cares, cair, cairmos, cairdes, carem.
Assim so conjugados: atrair, recair, sair, trair, subtrair etc.
Ferir
Presente do indicativo: firo, feres, fere, ferimos, feris, ferem.
Presente do subjuntivo: fira, firas, fira, firamos, firais, firam.
O verbo ferir tem o e do radical substitudo por i na primeira pessoa
do singular do presente do indicativo, nas pessoas do presente do
subjuntivo e nas formas derivadas do imperativo.
Assim se conjugam: competir, divertir, expelir, vestir, inserir e os
derivados de ferir.
Rir
Presente do indicativo: rio, ris, ri, rimos, rides, riem.
Pretrito imperfeito: ria, rias, ria, ramos, reis, riam.
Pretrito perfeito: ri, riste, riu, rimos, ristes, riram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: rira, riras, rira, rramos, rreis, riram.
Futuro do presente: rirei, rirs, rir, riremos, rireis, riro.
Futuro do pretrito: riria, ririas, riria, riramos, rireis, ririam.
Presente do subjuntivo: ria, rias, ria, riamos, riais, riam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: risse, risses, risse, rssemos,
rsseis, rissem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: rir, rires, rir, rirmos, rirdes, rirem.
Imperativo afirmativo: ri, ria, riamos, ride, riam.
Infinitivo pessoal: rir, rires, rir, rirmos, rirdes, rirem.
Gerndio: rindo. Particpio: rido.
Assim se conjuga: sorrir.
Vir
Presente do indicativo: venho, vens, vem, vimos, vindes, vm.
Pretrito imperfeito: vinha, vinhas, vinha, vnhamos, vnheis, vi-
nham.
Pretrito perfeito: vim, vieste, veio, viemos, viestes, vieram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: viera, vieras, viera, viramos, vireis,
vieram.
Futuro do presente: virei, virs, vir, viremos, vireis, viro.
Futuro do pretrito: viria, virias, viria, viramos, vireis, viriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: venha, venhas, venha, venhamos, venhais,
venham.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: viesse, viesses, viesse, vis-
semos, visseis, viessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: vier, vieres, vier, viermos, vierdes, vierem.
Infinitivo pessoal: vir, vires, vir, virmos, virdes, virem.
Imperativo afirmativo: vem, venha, venhamos, vinde, venham.
Gerndio: vindo. Particpio: vindo.
Assim se conjugam: intervir, advir, convir, provir, sobrevir.
 Lngua Portuguesa
VERBOS DEFECTIVOS Imperativo negativo: no vs, no v, no vamos, no vades, no
vo.
Infinitivo pessoal: ir, ires, ir, irmos, irdes, irem.
So aqueles que no possuem todas as formas, ou seja, Gerndio: indo. Particpio: ido.
deixam de ser flexionados em algumas conjugaes.
CORRELAO VERBAL
ABOLIR
Damos o nome de correlao verbal coerncia que, em
O presente do indicativo comea na segunda pessoa do uma frase ou sequncia de frases, deve haver entre as for-
singular: tu aboles, ele abole, ns abolimos, vs abolis, eles mas verbais utilizadas. Ou seja, preciso que haja articula-
abolem o temporal entre os verbos, que eles se correspondam, de
ADEQUAR / FALIR / REAVER maneira a expressar as ideias com lgica. Tempos e modos
verbais devem, portanto, combinar entre si. Vejamos este
No presente do indicativo, s conjugado em duas for- exemplo: Seu eu dormisse durante as aulas, jamais aprende-
mas: ria a lio.
Ns adequamos Vs adequais
Ns falimos Vs falis No caso, o verbo dormir est no pretrito imperfeito do
Ns reavemos Vs reaveis subjuntivo. Sabemos que o subjuntivo expressa dvida, incer-
teza, possibilidade, eventualidade. Assim, em que tempo o
VERBOS ABUNDANTES verbo aprender deve estar, de maneira a garantir que o per-
odo tenha lgica? Na frase, aprender usado no futuro do
So os verbos que possuem formas duplas, geralmente
de particpio. pretrito (aprenderia), um tempo que expressa, dentre outras
ideias, uma afirmao condicionada (que depende de algo),
particpio particpio
infinitivo regular irregular quando esta se refere a fatos que no se realizaram e que,
provavelmente, no se realizaro. O perodo, portanto, est
emergir emergido emerso correto, j que a ideia transmitida por dormisse exatamente
encher enchido cheio
entregar entregado entregue a de uma dvida, a de uma possibilidade que no temos
envolver envolvido envolto certeza se ocorrer.
enxugar enxugado enxuto
expelir expelido expulso Correlaes verbais corretas
expressar expressado expresso
exprimir exprimido expresso
expulsar expulsado expulso presente do indicativo + presente do subjuntivo:
extinguir extinguido extinto
fixar fixado fixo Exijo que voc faa o dever.
frigir frigido frito
fritar fritado frito pretrito perfeito do indicativo + pretrito imperfeito do
ganhar ganhado ganho
gastar gastado gasto subjuntivo:
imprimir imprimido impresso
incluir includo incluso Exigi que ele fizesse o dever.
isentar isentado isento
inserir inserido inserto presente do indicativo + pretrito perfeito composto do
limpar limpado limpo
matar matado morto subjuntivo:
misturar misturado misto
morrer morrido morto Espero que ele tenha feito o dever.
nascer nascido nato
pagar pagado pago pretrito imperfeito do indicativo + mais-que-perfeito
pegar pegado pego
prender prendido preso composto do subjuntivo:
salvar salvado salvo
secar secado seco Queria que ele tivesse feito o dever.
segurar segurado seguro
soltar soltado solto futuro do subjuntivo + futuro do presente do indicativo:
sujeitar sujeitado sujeito
suprimir suprimido supresso
suspender suspendido suspenso Se voc fizer o dever, eu ficarei feliz.
vagar vagado vago
pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo + futuro do pretrito do
VERBOS ANMALOS indicativo:

So os verbos cujos radicais sofrem profundas irregulari- Se voc fizesse o dever, eu leria suas respostas.
dades e que no se enquadram em nenhuma classificao.
o caso dos verbos ser e ir. pretrito mais-que-perfeito composto do subjuntivo +
futuro do pretrito composto do indicativo:
Ir
Presente do indicativo: vou, vais, vai, vamos, ides, vo.
Pretrito imperfeito: ia, ias, ia, amos, eis, iam. Se voc tivesse feito o dever, eu teria lido suas respostas.
Pretrito perfeito: fui, foste, foi, fomos, fostes, foram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: fora, foras, fora, framos, freis, foram. futuro do subjuntivo + futuro do presente do indicativo:
Futuro do presente: irei, irs, ir, iremos, ireis, iro.
Futuro do pretrito: iria, irias, iria, iramos, ireis, iriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: v, vs, v, vamos, vades, vo. Quando voc fizer o dever, dormirei.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: fosse, fosses, fosse, fssemos,
fsseis, fossem. Fut. do subj. + fut. do presente composto do indicativo:
Futuro do subjuntivo: for, fores, for, formos, fordes, forem.
Imperativo afirmativo: vai, v, vamos, ide, vo. Quando voc fizer o dever, j terei dormido.

41
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS . VOZES VERBAIS E SUA CONVERSO

1 - Se voc ............ no prximo domingo e ................ de VOZES DO VERBO

tempo ............... assistir a final do campeonato.
Voz do verbo a forma que este toma para indicar que a
a) vir / dispor / v ao verbal praticada ou sofrida pelo sujeito.
b) vir / dispuser / vai
c) vier / dispor / v Trs so as vozes dos verbos: a ativa, a passiva e a refle-
d) vier / dispuser / v xiva.
e) vier / dispor / vai
Um verbo est na voz ativa quando o sujeito agente,
2 - Ele ............... que lhe ............... muitas dificuldades, mas isto , faz a ao expressa pelo verbo.
enfim ............... a verba para a pesquisa.
Ex.: O caador abateu a ave.
a) receara / opusessem / obtera
b) receara / opusessem / obtivera Um verbo est na voz passiva quando o sujeito pacien-
c) receiara / opossem / obtivera te, isto , sofre, recebe ou desfruta, a ao expressa pelo
d) receiara / oposessem / obtera verbo.
e) receara / opossem / obtera
Ex.: A ave foi abatida pelo caador.
3 - A segunda pessoa do singular do pretrito perfeito do
indicativo do verbo precaver : Obs.: S verbos transitivos podem ser usados na voz passi-
va.
a) precavias b) precavieste
c) precaveste d) precaviste FORMAO DA VOZ PASSIVA
e) n.d.a.
A voz passiva, mais frequentemente, formada:
4 - Assinale a alternativa que se encaixe no perodo seguinte:

"Se voc .......... e o seu irmo ......., quem sabe voc ............. 1) Pelo verbo auxiliar ser seguido do particpio do verbo
o dinheiro. principal (passiva analtica).

a) requeresse / interviesse / reouvesse Ex.: O homem afligido pelas doenas.

b) requisesse / intervisse / reavesse
c) requeresse / intervisse / reavesse Na passiva analtica, o verbo pode vir acompanhado pelo
d) requeresse / interviesse / reavesse agente da passiva. Menos frequentemente, pode-se exprimir
e) requisesse / intervisse / reouvesse a passiva analtica com outros verbos auxiliares.

5 - Assinale a opo que completa corretamente as lacunas Ex.: A aldeia estava isolada pelas guas.
da seguinte frase: (agente da passiva)

"Quando ............... mais aperfeioado, o computador certa- 2) Com o pronome apassivador se associado a um verbo
mente ............... um eficiente meio de controle de toda a vida ativo da terceira pessoa (passiva pronominal).
social."
a) estivesse / ser Ex.: Regam-se as plantas.
b) estiver / seria Organizou-se o campeonato.
c) esteja / era (sujeito paciente)
d) estivesse / era (pronome apassivador ou partcula apassivadora)
e) estiver / ser
VOZ REFLEXIVA
6 - Quando ............ todos os documentos, ............... um re-
querimento e ............... a chamada de seu nome. Na voz reflexiva o sujeito , ao mesmo tempo, agente e
paciente: faz uma ao cujos efeitos ele mesmo sofre.
a) obtiver / redija / aguarda
b) obteres / rediges / aguardes Ex.: O caador feriu-se.
c) obtiveres / redige / aguarda A menina penteou-se.
d) obter / redija / aguarde
e) obtiver / redija / aguarde O verbo reflexivo conjugado com os pronomes reflexi-
vos me, te, se, nos, vos, se. Estes pronomes so reflexivos
7 - Ele ............... numa questo difcil de ser resolvida e quando se lhes podem acrescentar: a mim mesmo, a ti mes-
............... seus bens graas ao bom senso. mo, a si mesmo, a ns mesmos, etc., respectivamente.

a) interviu / reouve Ex.: Consideras-te aprovado? (a ti mesmo)

b) interveio / rehaveu pronome reflexivo
c) interviu / reaveu
d) interveio / reouve Uma variante da voz reflexiva a que denota reciprocida-
e) interviu / rehouve de, ao mtua ou correspondida. Os verbos desta voz, por
alguns chamados recprocos, usam-se geralmente, no plural
RESPOSTAS e podem ser reforados pelas expresses um ao outro, reci-
1-D 2-B 3-C 4-A 5-E 6-E 7-D procamente, mutuamente.

42
 Lngua Portuguesa
Ex.: Amam-se como irmos.
Os pretendentes insultaram-se.
(Pronome reflexivo recproco)
CONVERSO DA VOZ ATIVA NA PASSIVA
Pode-se mudar a voz ativa na passiva sem alterar subs-
tancialmente o sentido da frase:
Ex.: Gutenberg inventou a imprensa.
A imprensa foi inventada por Gutenberg.
Observe que o objeto direto ser o sujeito da passiva, o
sujeito da ativa passar a agente da passiva e o verbo ativo
revestir a forma passiva, conservando o mesmo tempo.
Ex.: Os calores intensos provocam as chuvas.
As chuvas so provocadas pelos calores intensos.
Eu o acompanharei. Ele ser acompanhado por mim.
Obs.: Quando o sujeito da voz ativa for indeterminado, no
haver complemento agente da passiva.
Ex.: Prejudicaram-me. Fui prejudicado.
EXERCCIOS
1) Apenas uma das frases admite a voz passiva. Assinale-a.
a) Gosto de frutas.
b) Milhares de pessoas assistiram ao jogo.
c) Deus criou o mundo.
d) Este ano foi quente.
2) "O velho casaro foi substitudo por um enorme edifcio."
Passando esta frase para a voz ativa, temos:
a) O velho casaro substituiu o enorme edifcio.
b) Um enorme edifcio substituiu o casaro.
c) O velho casaro, substituram-no por um enorme edifcio.
d) Substituiu-se o enorme edifcio pelo velho casaro.
3) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacu-
nas da frase apresentada.
Transpondo da voz ativa para a passiva a frase "Os alunos
haveriam de ouvir os conselhos do mestre", obtm-se a forma
verbal ...... .
a) teriam sido ouvidos
b) haveriam de ser ouvidos
c) haveria de ser ouvido
d) seriam ouvidos
4) Assinale a letra correspondente alternativa que preenche
corretamente as lacunas da frase apresentada.
Transpondo para a voz passiva a frase "No os enganara-
mos por muito tempo", obtm-se a forma verbal ...... .
a) teriam sido enganados
b) enganar-se-iam
c) teramos enganado
d) seriam enganados
RESPOSTAS
1-C 2-B 3-B 4-D
43
CONCORDNCIA NOMINAL E VERBAL
Concordncia o princpio sinttico segundo o qual as pala-
vras dependentes se harmonizam, nas suas flexes, com as
palavras de que dependem.
Assim:
a) os adjetivos, pronomes, artigos e numerais concordam em
gnero e nmero com os substantivos determinados (concor-
dncia nominal).
b) o verbo concordar com o seu sujeito em nmero e pessoa
(concordncia verbal).
CONCORDNCIA NOMINAL
1) Quando o adjetivo se referir a um s nome, o substantivo
concorda com ele em gnero e nmero.
Boa rvore no d maus frutos.
2) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
do mesmo gnero e do singular e vier posposto, toma o
gnero deles e vai facultativamente, para o singular ou plural.
Disciplina, ao e coragem digna (ou dignas).
Porm: Dedicado o pai, o filho e o irmo.
(adjetivo anteposto concordar com o mais prximo).
3) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
de gneros diferentes e do singular e vier posposto, pode-
r ir para o masculino plural ou concordar com o mais prxi-
mo.
Escolheste lugar e hora maus.
Escolheste lugar e hora m.
Porm: Sinto eterno amor e gratido.
(adjetivo anteposto concordar com o mais prximo).
4) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
de gneros diferentes e do plural e vier posposto, tomar
o plural masculino ou concordar com o mais prximo.
Rapazes e moas estudiosos (ou estudiosas).
5) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
de gnero e nmero diferente e vier posposto, poder
concordar com o mais prximo ou ir para o plural masculino.
Primos, primas e irms educadssimas (ou educadssi-
mos).
6) Pode o adjetivo ainda concordar com o mais prximo
quando os substantivos so ou podem ser considerados
sinnimos.
Gratido e reconhecimento profundo.
7) Quando dois ou mais adjetivos se referem ao mesmo
substantivo determinado pelo artigo, ocorrem trs tipos de
construo:
Estudo as lnguas inglesa e francesa.
Estudo a lngua inglesa e a francesa.
Estudo a lngua inglesa e francesa.
 Lngua Portuguesa
8) As palavras: mesmo, prprio e s (quando equivale a
sozinho) concordam segundo a regra geral em gnero e
nmero com a palavra a que se referem. S quando equivale
a somente advrbio e invarivel.
Ela mesma me avisou.
Vocs prprios me trouxeram a notcia.
Ns no estivemos ss.
S eles no concordaram.
Obs.: A expresso a ss invarivel. Exemplo:
Gostaria de ficar a ss por uns momentos.
9) Anexo, incluso, junto, bastante e nenhum, concordam,
normalmente, com os substantivos a que se referem.
Segue anexa a cpia do contrato.
Vo inclusos os requerimentos.
Seguem juntas as notas.
Bastantes pessoas ignoram esse plural.
Homens nenhuns, nenhumas causas.
Observaes:
a) Alerta e menos so sempre invariveis.
Estamos alerta.
H situaes menos complicadas.
H menos pessoas no local.
b) Em anexo sempre invarivel.
Seguem, em anexo, as fotografias.
10) Meio - meia, como adjetivo concordam em gnero e
nmero com o substantivo que modificam, mas como advr-
bio meio permanece invarivel.
Obs.: como adjetivo, modifica o substantivo; como advrbio,
modifica o adjetivo, o verbo e o prprio advrbio.
J meio-dia e meia (hora). (substantivo)
Comprei dois meios litros de leite. (substantivo)
Quero meio quilo de caf. (substantivo)
Ele sentia-se meio cansado. (adjetivo)
Elas pareciam meio tontas. (adjetivo)
Minha me est meio exausta. (adjetivo)
Esto nesse caso palavras como: pouco, muito, bastante,
barato, caro, meio, longe, etc.
11) Dado e visto e qualquer outro particpio, concordam
com o substantivo a que se referem.
Dados os conhecimentos (substantivo masculino)
Dadas as condies (substantivo feminino)
Vistas as dificuldades (substantivo feminino)
12) As expresses um e outro e nem um nem outro so
seguidas de um substantivo singular.
. . . mas aprovei um e outro ato.
. . . mas uma e outra coisa duraram.
Porm: quando um e outro for seguido de adjetivo, o subs-
tantivo fica no singular e o adjetivo vai para o plural.
Uma e outra parede sujas.
Um e outro lado escuros.
13) A palavra possvel em o mais . . . possvel, o pior
possvel, o melhor possvel, mantm-se
invarivel.
Praias o mais tentadoras possvel.
Porm:
Com o plural os mais, os menos, os piores, os melho-
res, a palavra possvel vai para o plural.
Praias as mais tentadoras possveis.
14) A palavra obrigado concorda com o nome a que se
refere.
Muito obrigado (masculino singular)
Muito obrigada (feminino singular)
Eles disseram muito obrigados (masculino plural)
15) O verbo ser mais adjetivo.
Nos predicados nominais em que ocorre o verbo ser mais
um adjetivo, formando expresses do tipo bom, claro,
evidente, etc., h duas construes:
se o sujeito no vem precedido de nenhum modificador,
tanto o verbo quanto o adjetivo ficam invariveis.
Cerveja bom.
proibido entrada.
se o sujeito vem precedido de modificador, tanto o verbo
quanto o predicativo concordam regularmente.
A cerveja boa.
proibida a entrada.
16) Concordncia do Adjetivo (Predicativo)
a) Predicativo do Sujeito: concorda com o sujeito em nme-
ro e gnero:
As crianas estavam tristonhas.
b) Predicativo do Objeto:
Se o objeto direto for simples o adjetivo predicativo concor-
da em gnero e nmero com o objeto.
Trouxeram-na desmaiada.
Se o objeto direto for composto o adjetivo predicativo deve-
r flexionar-se no plural e no gnero dos objetos.
A justia declarou criminosas a atriz e suas amigas.
17) Substantivos ligados por ou: o adjetivo concorda
com o mais prximo ou, ento, vai para o plural.
uma flor ou um fruto saboroso OU saborosos.
18) Dois ou mais ordinais determinando o substantivo:
este ficar no singular ou no plural.
a primeira e segunda ferida (OU feridas) do corao.
44
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS 8) Elas ............... enviaram os atestados ............... s procu-
raes.

1) Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre erro na concordncia a) mesmos, anexas

do verbo ser e do predicativo. b) mesmas, anexas
c) mesmos, anexos
a) perigoso contratos muito longos. d) mesmas, anexos
b) Foi arriscada a sua proposta. e) mesmo, anexo
c) necessrio atitudes desse tipo.
d) No parecia, mas era claro sua inteno.
e) Cerveja gelada bom para a sade. 9) Apenas uma alternativa preenche corretamente os espa-
os existentes na sentena abaixo.

2) Assinale a alternativa em que ocorra algum erro de con- Assinale-a:

cordncia nominal.
Aqueles seguranas esto ............... porque encontraram
a) Saiba que voc cometeu um crime de lesa-majestade. ............... marcas de mo.
b) Estejam alerta, pois o inimigo no manda aviso.
c) H menos indecises do que parece. a) alerta - bastante
d) Permitiram-me que as deixo s. b) alerta - bastantes
e) Ele sentiu que precisava ficar a ss. c) alertas - bastantes
d) alertas - bastante
e) n.d.a.
3) Assinale, dentre as frases abaixo, as opes corretas
quanto concordncia nominal.
10) No foi ............... a nota que receberam. Elas .......fizeram
a) meio-dia e meia. o trabalho.
b) proibido entrada.
c) proibida a entrada. a) justa - mesmas
d) Seguem anexo os documentos. b) justo - mesmo
e) Seguem anexo notas fiscais. c) justa - mesmo
f) Envio inclusas as faturas. d) justo - mesmas
g) permitido a entrada. e) justas - mesma

Questes de 4 a 6 - Responda, segundo o cdigo: 11) Assinale a alternativa em que a concordncia nominal
est incorreta:

a) Apenas correta a I. a) vergonhosa a misria e o desinteresse poltico.

b) Apenas correta a II. b) Admiro a cultura rabe e a japonesa.
c) Apenas correta a III. c) A aluna foi mal na prova porque estava meia tensa.
d) Todas corretas. d) H bastantes pessoas desempregadas nesta cidade.
e) Todas erradas. e) Muito obrigada, respondeu a menina.

4) I. expressamente proibido entrada.
II. Ma muito bom para os dentes.
III. Ser necessria tal atitude?
5) I. Na sala, havia lugares bastantes para todos.
II. Eu mesmo, uma mulher experiente, cometo erros infan-
tis.
III. necessrio, neste momento, a exatido dos fatos.
6) I. Encontrei uma e outra janela aberta.
II. Marta estava meia preocupada.
III. Seguia anexo ao envelope uma lista de preos.
12) Todas as alternativas abaixo esto corretas quanto
concordncia nominal, exceto:
a) Foi acusado de crime de lesa-ptria.
b) As declaraes devem seguir anexas ao processo.
c) Eram rapazes os mais elegantes possvel.
d) Seguiram automveis, cereais e geladeiras exportados.
13) Em todas as frases a concordncia se fez corretamente,
exceto em:
a) Os soldados, agora, esto todos alerta.
b) Ela possua bastante recursos para viajar.
c) As roupas das moas eram as mais belas possveis.
G5RVDUHFHEHXROLYURHGLVVH0XLWRREULJDGD

7) Assinale o item que apresenta erro de concordncia:

a) Os fatos falam por si s.

b) Ele estuda a histria e a mitologia egpcia. RESPOSTAS
c) Estes produtos custam cada vez mais caro. 1-D 2-D 3 a; b; c; f 4-D 5-A 6-E
d) Ela mesma nos agradeceu. 7-A 8-D 9-B 10 - A 11 - C 12 - C 13 - B
e) Ele mesmo construiu sua casa.

45
 Lngua Portuguesa
CONCORDNCIA VERBAL
O verbo concorda com o sujeito, em harmonia com as
seguintes regras gerais:
O sujeito simples
O sujeito sendo simples, com ele concordar o verbo em
nmero e pessoa. Exemplos:
a) verbo depois do sujeito:
As savas eram uma praga.
O vento forte quebra os telhados e as vidraas.
b) verbo antes do sujeito:
Acontecem tantas desgraas neste planeta!
No faltaro pessoas que nos queiram ajudar.
O sujeito composto e da 3 pessoa
O sujeito, sendo composto e anteposto ao verbo, leva
geralmente este para o plural. Exemplos:
A esposa e o amigo seguem sua marcha.
Poti e seus guerreiros o acompanharam.
lcito (mas no obrigatrio) deixar o verbo no singular:
a) quando os ncleos do sujeito so sinnimos:
A decncia e honestidade ainda reinava.
A coragem e a afoiteza com que lhe respondi, perturbou-
o.
b) quando os ncleos do sujeito formam sequencia gradativa:
Uma nsia, uma aflio, uma angstia repentina come-
ou a me apertar a alma.
Sendo o sujeito composto e posposto ao verbo, este po-
der concordar no plural ou com o substantivo mais prximo:
Ali estavam o rio e suas lavadeiras.
Aqui que reina a paz e a alegria na boas conscincias.
O sujeito composto e de pessoas diferentes
Se o sujeito composto for de pessoas diversas, o verbo se
flexiona no plural e na pessoa que tiver prevalncia. [A 1
pessoa prevalece sobre a 2 e a 3; a 2 prevalece sobre a
3]:
Foi o que fizemos Capitu e eu. [ela e eu = ns]
Tu e ele partireis juntos. [tu e ele = vs]
Voc e meu irmo no me compreendem. [voc e ele =
vocs]
Muitas vezes os escritores quebram a rigidez dessa regra:
a) ora fazendo concordar o verbo com o sujeito mais prxi-
mo, quando este se ope ao verbo:
O que me resta da felicidade passada s tu e eles.
Faze uma arca de madeira; entra nela tu, tua mulher e
teus filhos.
46
b) ora preferindo a 3 pessoa na concorrncia tu + ele [tu +
ele = vocs em vez de tu + ele = vs]:
Deus e tu so testemunhas.
Juro que tu e tua mulher me pagam.
CASOS ESPECIAIS DE CONCORDNCIA VERBAL
Ncleos do sujeito unidos por ou
H duas situaes a considerar:
1) Se a conjuno ou indicar excluso ou retificao, o verbo
concordar com o ncleo do sujeito mais prximo:
Paulo ou Antnio ser o presidente.
O ladro ou os ladres no deixaram nenhum vestgio.
2) O verbo ir para a plural se a ideia por ele expressa se
referir ou puder ser atribuda a todo os ncleos do sujeito:
Era to pequena a cidade, que um grito ou gargalhada
forte a atravessavam de ponta a ponta.
Naquela crise, s Deus ou Nossa Senhora podiam acu-
dir-lhe.
H, no entanto, em bons autores, ocorrncia de verbo no
singular:
A glria ou a vergonha da estirpe provinha de atos indivi-
duais.
Ncleos do sujeito unidos pela preposio com
Usa-se mais frequentemente o verbo no plural quando se
atribui a mesma importncia, no processo verbal, aos ele-
mentos do sujeito unidos pela preposio com. Exemplos:
Manuel com seu compadre construram o barraco.
Eu com outros romeiros vnhamos de Vigo...
Pode-se usar o verbo no singular quando se deseja dar
relevncia ao primeiro elemento do sujeito e tambm quando
o verbo vier antes deste.
O bispo, com dois sacerdotes, iniciou solenemente a
missa.
O presidente, com sua comitiva, chegou a Paris s 5 h da
tarde.
Ncleos do sujeito unidos por nem
Quando o sujeito formado por ncleos no singular uni-
dos pela conjuno nem, usa-se, comumente, o verbo no
plural. Exemplos:
Nem a riqueza nem o poder o livraram de seus inimigos.
Nem eu nem ele o convidamos.
prefervel a concordncia no singular:
a) quando o verbo precede o sujeito:
No o convidei eu nem minha esposa.
1D ID]HQGD DWXDOPHQWH QmR VH recusa trabalho, nem
dinheiURQHPQDGDDQLQJXpP(Guimares Rosa)
 Lngua Portuguesa
b) quando h excluso, isto , quando o fato s pode ser
atribudo a um dos elementos do sujeito:
Nem Berlim nem Moscou sediar a prxima Olimpada.
[S uma cidade pode sediar a Olimpada.]
Nem Paulo nem Joo ser eleito governador do Acre. [S
um candidato pode ser eleito governador.]
Ncleos do sujeito correlacionados
O verbo vai para o plural quando os elementos do sujeito
composto esto ligados por uma das expresses correlativas
no s... mas tambm, no s como tambm, tanto... como,
etc. Exemplos:
1mRVyDQDomRPDVWDPEpPRSUtQFLSH HVWDULDPSREUHV
(Alexandre Herculano)
7DQWRDLJUHMDFRPR(VWDGRHUDPDWpFHUWRSRQWRLQRFHn-
WHV
(Alexandre Herculano)
Sujeitos resumidos por tudo, nada, ningum
Quando o sujeito composto vem resumido por um dos
pronomes tudo, nada, ningum, etc., o verbo concorda, no
singular, com o pronome resumidor. Exemplos:
Jogos, espetculos, viagens, diverses, nada pde satis-
faz-lo.
Jogadores, rbitro, assistentes, ningum saiu do campo.
Ncleos do sujeito designando a mesma pessoa ou coisa
O verbo concorda no singular quando os ncleos do sujei-
to designam a mesma pessoa ou o mesmo ser. Exemplos:
(PERUDVDEHQGRTXHWXGRYDLFRQWLQXDUFRPRHVWi fica
RUHJLVWURRSURWHVWRHPQRPHGRVWHOHVSHFWDGRUHV
(Valrio Andrade)
Advogado e membro da instituio afirma que ela cor-
rupta.
Ncleos do sujeito so infinitivos
O verbo concordar no plural se os infinitivos forem de-
terminados pelo artigo ou exprimirem ideias opostas; caso
contrrio, tanto lcito usar o verbo no singular como no
plural. Exemplos:
O comer e o beber so necessrios.
Rir e chorar fazem parte da vida.
Cantar, danar e representar faz [ou fazem] a alegria do
artista.
Sujeito oracional
Concorda no singular o verbo cujo sujeito uma ora-
o:
Ainda falta comprar os cartes.

predicado sujeito oracional
Estas so realidades que no adianta esconder.
[sujeito de adianta: esconder que (as realidades)]
47
Sujeito coletivo
O verbo concorda no singular com o sujeito coletivo no
singular. Exemplos:
A multido vociferava ameaas.
O exrcito dos aliados desembarcou no sul da Itlia.
Observao:
Se o coletivo vier seguido de substantivo plural que o
especifique e anteceder ao verbo, este poder ir para o plu-
ral, quando se quer salientar no a ao do conjunto, mas a
dos indivduos, efetuando-se uma concordncia no gramati-
cal, mas ideolgica:
8PD JUDQGHPXOWLGmR GH FULDQoDV GH YHOKRV GH PXOKe-
res penetraram QDFDYHUQD
(Alexandre Herculano)
+DYLD QD 8QLmR XP JUXSR GH PHQLQRV Tue praticavam
HVVHGLYHUWLPHQWRFRPXPDSHUWLQiFLDDGPLUiYHO
(Carlos Povina Cavalcanti)
A maior parte de, grande nmero de, etc.
Sendo o sujeito uma das expresses quantitativas a mai-
or parte de, parte de, a maioria de, grande nmero de,
etc., seguida de substantivo ou pronome no plural, o verbo,
quando posposto ao sujeito, pode ir para o singular ou para o
plural, conforme se queira efetuar uma concordncia estrita-
mente gramatical (com o coletivo singular) ou uma concor-
dncia enftica, expressiva, com a ideia de pluralidade suge-
rida pelo sujeito. Exemplos:
$PDLRUSDUWHGRVLQGtJHQDVrespeitavam RVSDMpV
(Gilberto Freire)
*UDQGH SDUWH GRV DWXDLV DGYpUELRV nasceram de subs-
WDQWLYRV
(Mrio Barreto)
$PDLRULDGDVSHVVRDV so sinuosas, coleanWHV
(Ondina Ferreira)
$PDLRULDGDVSDODYUDVcontinua YLVtYHO
(Carlos D. de Andrade)
0HLDG~]LDGHJDULPSHLURVGRHQWHV esperava a consulta
PDWXWLQD
(Herman Lima)
9LVLWHL RV SUHVRV %RD SDUWH GHOHV GRUPLD >RX GRUPLDP@
no cho.
Um e outro, nem um nem outro
O sujeito sendo uma dessas expresses, o verbo concor-
da, de preferncia, no plural. Exemplos:
8PHRXWURVHdestinavam DRFRQKHFLPHQWR
(Hernani Cidade)
8PDHRXWUDIDPtOLD tinham [ou tinha@SDUHQWHVQR5LR
'HSRLV QHP Xm nem outro acharam novo motivo para
GLiORJR
(Fernando Namora)
Nem uma nem outra foto prestavam [ou prestava]
 Lngua Portuguesa
Um ou outro
O verbo concorda no singular com o sujeito um ou outro:
5HVSRQGL-OKHTXHXPRXRXWURFRODUOKHILFDYDEHP
(Machado de Assis)
8PDRXRXWUDSRGHGDUOXJDUDGLVVHQWLPHQWRV
(Machado de Assis)
Um dos que, uma das que
Quando, em oraes adjetivas restritivas, o pronome que
vem antecedido de um dos ou expresso anloga, o verbo da
orao adjetiva flexiona-se, em regra, no plural:
2SUtQFLSHIRLXPGRVTXHdespertaram PDLVFHGR
(Alexandre Herculano)
$EDURQHVDHUDXPDGDVSHVVRDVTXHPDLV desconfia-
vam GHQyV
(Machado de Assis)
Essa a concordncia lgica, geralmente preferida pelos
escritores modernos. Todavia, no prtica condenvel fugir
ao rigor da lgica gramatical e usar o verbo da orao adjeti-
va no singular (fazendo-o concordar com a palavra um),
quando se deseja destacar o indivduo do grupo, dando-se a
entender que ele sobressaiu ou sobressai aos demais:
Ele um desses parasitas que vive custa dos outros.
)RL XP GRV SRXFRV GR VHX WHPSR TXH reconheceu a
RULJLQDOLGDGHHLPSRUWkQFLDGDOLWHUDWXUDEUDVLOHLUD
Um dos meninos, que estava sentado porta da casa, foi
chamar o pai. [S um menino estava sentado.]
Um dos cinco homens, que assistiam quela cena estu-
pefatos, soltou um grito de protesto. [Todos os cinco homens
assistiam cena.]
Mais de um
O verbo concorda, em regra, no singular. O plural ser de
rigor se o verbo exprimir reciprocidade, ou se o numeral for
superior a um. Exemplos:
Mais de um excursionista j perdeu a vida nesta monta-
nha.
Mais de um dos circunstantes se entreolharam com
espanto.
Devem ter fugido mais de vinte presos.
Quais de vs? Alguns de ns
Sendo o sujeito um dos pronomes interrogativos quais?
quantos? ou um dos indefinidos alguns, muitos, poucos, etc.,
seguidos dos pronomes ns ou vs, o verbo concordar, por
atrao, com estes ltimos, ou, o que mais lgico, na 3
pessoa do plural:
4XDQWRVGHQWUHQyVDconhecemos"
(Rogrio Csar Cerqueira)
4XDLVGHYyVsoisFRPRHXGHVWHUUDGRV"
(Alexandre Herculano)
TXDQWRVGHQWUHYyVHVWXGDPFRQVFLHQFLRVDPHQWHRSDVVa-
(Joo Ribeiro) GR"-RVpGH$OHQFDU

Observao: $OJXQVGHQyV vieram [ou viemos@GHORQJH

H gramticos que condenam tal concordncia. Por coe- Poucos dentre ns conhecem [ou conhecemos] as leis.
rncia, deveriam condenar tambm a comumente aceita em
construes anormais do tipo: Quais de vs sois isentos de Observao:
culpa? Quantos de ns somos completamente felizes?
Estando o pronome no singular, no singular (3 pessoa)
O verbo fica obrigatoriamente no singular quando se apli- ficar o verbo:
ca apenas ao indivduo de que se fala, como no exemplo:
Qual de vs testemunhou o fato?
Jairo um dos meus empregados que no sabe ler. [Jairo Nenhum de vs a viu?
o nico empregado que no sabe ler.] Nenhuma de ns a conhece.
Qual de ns falar primeiro?
Ressalte-se, porm, que nesse caso prefervel construir
a frase de outro modo: Pronomes quem, que, como sujeitos

Jairo um empregado meu que no sabe ler.
Dos meus empregados, s Jairo no sabe ler.
Na linguagem culta formal, ao empregar as expresses
em foco, o mais acertado usar no plural o verbo da orao
adjetiva:
O Japo um dos pases que mais investem em tecno-
logia.
O verbo concordar, em regra, na 3 pessoa, com os
pronomes quem e que, em frases como estas:
Sou eu quem responde pelos meus atos.
Somos ns quem leva o prejuzo.
Eram elas quem fazia a limpeza da casa.
Eu sou o que presenciou o fato.

Herclito foi um dos empresrios que conseguiram supe- 6RX XP KRPHP TXH DLQGD QmR renegou nem da cruz,
rar a crise. QHPGD(VSDQKD
(Alexandre Herculano)
Embora o caso seja diferente, oportuno lembrar que,
nas oraes adjetivas explicativas, nas quais o pronome que eUDPRV GRLV VyFLRV TXH entravam no comrcio da vida
separado de seu antecedente por pausa e vrgula, a con- FRPGLIHUHQWHFDSLWDO
cordncia determinada pelo sentido da frase: (Machado de Assis)

48
 Lngua Portuguesa
Todavia, a linguagem enftica justifica a concordncia Nas locues verbais formadas com os verbos auxiliares
com o sujeito da orao principal: poder e dever, na voz passiva sinttica, o verbo auxiliar con-
cordar com o sujeito. Exemplos:
6RXHXTXHP prendo DRVFpXVDWHUUD
(Gonalves Dias) No se podem cortar essas rvores.
[sujeito: rvores; locuo verbal: podem cortar]
eVWXTXHPds IUHVFRUjPDQVDEULVD
(Gonalves Dias) Devem-se ler bons livros.
[= Devem ser lidos bons livros]
1yVVRPRVRVJDOHJRVTXH levamos DEDUULFD
(Camilo Castelo Branco) Entretanto, pode-se considerar sujeito do verbo principal a
orao iniciada pelo infinitivo e, nesse caso, no h locuo
6RPRVQyVTXHPDfazemos verbal e o verbo auxiliar concordar no singular. Assim:
(Ricardo Ramos)
No se pode cortar essas rvores.
A concordncia do verbo precedido do pronome relativo
[sujeito: cortar essas rvores; predicado: no se pode]
que far-se- obrigatoriamente com o sujeito do verbo (ser) da
orao principal, em frases do tipo: Deve-se ler bons livros.
[sujeito: ler bons livros; predicado: deve-se]
Sou eu que pago.
s tu que vens conosco?
Em sntese: de acordo com a interpretao que se esco-
Somos ns que cozinhamos.
lher, tanto lcito usar o verbo auxiliar no singular como no
Eram eles que mais reclamavam.
plural. Portanto:
Concordncia com os pronomes de tratamento
No se podem [ou pode] cortar essas rvores.
Devem-se [ou deve-se] ler bons livros.
Os pronomes de tratamento exigem o verbo na 3 pessoa,
embora se refiram 2 pessoa do discurso: Verbos impessoais
Vossa Excelncia agiu com moderao.
Os verbos haver, fazer (na indicao de tempo), passar
Vossas Excelncias no ficaro surdos voz do povo.
de (na indicao de horas), chover e outros que exprimem
9RVVD 0DMHVWDGH QmR pode consentir que os touros lhe
fenmenos meteorolgicos, quando usados como impesso-
PDWHPRWHPSRHRVYDVVDORV
ais, ficam na 3 pessoa do singular:
(Rebelo da Silva)
No havia ali vizinhos naquele deserto.
Concordncia com certos substantivos prprios
Havia j dois anos que no nos vamos.
no plural
Aqui faz veres terrveis.
Faz cinco anos que ele morreu.
Certos substantivos prprios de forma plural, como Esta-
dos Unidos, Andes, Campinas, Lusadas, etc., levam o verbo
Observaes:
para o plural quando se usam com o artigo; caso contrrio, o
verbo concorda no singular.
1. Tambm fica invarivel na 3 pessoa do singular o verbo
2V(VWDGRV8QLGRV so o pas PDLVULFRGRPXQGR que forma locuo com os verbos impessoais haver ou fazer:
(Eduardo Prado)
Dever haver cinco anos que ocorreu o incndio.
Os Andes se estendem da Venezuela Terra do fogo.
Vai fazer cem anos que nasceu o genial artista.
2V/XVtDGDVimortalizaram Lus de Cames.
2. O verbo chover, no sentido figurado [=cair ou sobrevir em
Campinas orgulha-se de ter sido o bero de Carlos Go- grande quantidade], deixa de ser impessoal e, portanto con-
mes. cordar com o sujeito:

Minas Gerais possui grandes jazidas de ferro. Choviam ptalas de flores.

Tratando-se de ttulos de obras, comum deixar o verbo Choveram comentrios e palpites.

no singular, sobretudo com o verbo ser seguido de predicati-
vo no singular: 3. Na lngua popular brasileira generalizado o uso de ter,
impessoal, por haver, existir. Nem faltam exemplos em es-
$V9DONtULDVmostra claramente o homem que existe por critores modernos:
GHWUiVGRPDJR
2V6HUW}HV XPHQVDLRVRFLROyJLFRHKLVWyULFR 1RFHQWURGRSiWLRtem uma figueira velhssima, com um
EDQFRHPEDL[R
(Jos Geraldo Vieira)
Concordncia do verbo passivo
4. Existir no verbo impessoal. Portanto:
Quando apassivado pelo pronome apassivador se, o
verbo concordar normalmente com o sujeito:
Nesta cidade existem [e no existe] bons mdicos.
Vende-se a casa e compram-se dois apartamentos.
No deviam [e no devia] existir crianas abandonadas.
Gastaram-se milhes, sem que se vissem resultados
concretos.

49
 Lngua Portuguesa
Concordncia do verbo ser
O verbo de ligao ser concorda com o predicativo nos
seguintes casos:
1) quando o sujeito um dos pronomes tudo, o, isto, isso,
ou aquilo:
Tudo eram hipteses.
Na mocidade tudo so esperanas.
A concordncia com o sujeito, embora menos comum,
tambm lcita:
Tudo flores no presente.
O verbo ser fica no singular quando o predicativo for-
mado de dois ncleos no singular:
Tudo o mais soledade e silncio.
2) quando o sujeito um nome de coisa, no singular, e o
predicativo um substantivo plural:
A cama so umas palhas.
A causa eram os seus projetos.
Observao:
O sujeito sendo nome de pessoa, com ele concordar o
verbo ser:
Emlia os encantos de sua av.
3) quando o sujeito uma palavra ou expresso de sentido
coletivo ou partitivo, e o predicativo um substantivo no plural:
A maioria eram rapazes.
O resto so trastes velhos.
4) quando o predicativo um pronome pessoal ou um subs-
tantivo, e o sujeito no pronome pessoal reto:
O Brasil, senhores, sois vs.
O dono da fazenda sers tu.
5) quando o predicativo o pronome demonstrativo o ou a
palavra coisa:
Divertimentos o que no lhe falta.
Mentiras, era o que me pediam, sempre mentiras.
6) nas locues muito, pouco, suficiente, demais,
mais (ou do que), menos que (ou do que), etc., cujo
sujeito exprime quantidade, preo, medida, etc.:
Seis anos era muito.
Dois mil dlares pouco.
Na indicao das horas, datas e distncias, o verbo ser
impessoal (no tem sujeito) e concordar com a expresso
designativa de hora, data ou distncia:
Era uma hora da tarde.
Eram duas horas da tarde.
Locuo de realce que
Eu que tenho a ordem aqui.
[= Sou eu que mantenho a ordem aqui.]
50
Ns que trabalhvamos.
[= ramos ns que trabalhvamos.]
Da mesma forma se diz, com nfase:
Vocs so muito atrevidos.
Era uma vez
Por tradio, mantm-se invarivel a expresso inicial de
histrias era uma vez, ainda quando seguida de substantivo
plural:
Era uma vez dois cavaleiros andantes.
A no ser
geralmente considerada locuo invarivel, equivalente
a exceto, salvo, seno. Exemplos:
Nada restou do edifcio, a no ser escombros.
A no ser alguns pescadores, ningum conhecia aquela
praia.
Mas no constitui erro usar o verbo ser no plural, fazen-
do-o concordar com o substantivo seguinte, convertido em
sujeito da orao infinitiva. Exemplos:
A no serem os antigos companheiros de mocidade,
ningum o tratava pelo nome prprio.
Haja vista
A expresso correta haja vista, e no haja visto. Pode
ser construda de trs modos:
Hajam vista os livros desse autor. [= tenham vista, vejam-
se]
Haja vista os livros desse autor. [= por exemplo, veja]
Haja vista aos livros desse autor. [= olhe-se para, atente-
se para os livros]
Bem haja. Mal haja
Bem haja e mal haja usam-se em frases optativas e
imprecativas, respectivamente. O verbo concordar normal-
mente com o sujeito, que vem posposto:
Bem haja Sua Majestade!
Mal hajam as desgraas da minha vida...
Concordncia dos verbos bater, dar e soar
Referindo-se s horas, os trs verbos acima concordam
regularmente com o sujeito, que pode ser hora, horas (claro
ou oculto), badaladas ou relgio:
Deu trs horas o relgio da botica.
Bateram quatro horas da manh em trs torres a um
tempo...
Concordncia do verbo parecer
Em construes com o verbo parecer seguido de infiniti-
vo, pode-se flexionar o verbo parecer ou o infinitivo que o
acompanha:
As parede pareciam estremecer. (construo corrente)
As paredes parecia estremecerem. (construo literria)
 Lngua Portuguesa
Concordncia com o sujeito oracional
O verbo cujo sujeito uma orao concorda obrigatoria-
mente na 3 pessoa do singular:
Parecia que os dois homens estavam bbados.
verbo sujeito (orao subjetiva)
Faltava dar os ltimos retoques.
verbo sujeito (orao subjetiva)
Concordncia com sujeito indeterminado
O pronome se pode funcionar como ndice de indetermi-
nao do sujeito. Nesse caso, o verbo concorda obrigatoria-
mente na 3 pessoa do singular.
Em casa, fica-se mais vontade.
Concordncia com os numerais milho, bilho e trilho
Estes substantivos numricos, quando seguidos de subs-
tantivo no plural, levam, de preferncia, o verbo ao plural.
Exemplos colhidos nos melhores jornais do Rio de Janeiro e
de So Paulo:
8PPLOKmRGHILpLVagruparam-VHHPSURFLVVmR
Concordncia com numerais fracionrios
De regra, a concordncia do verbo efetua-se com o nume-
rador.
Um quinto dos bens cabe ao menino.
Dois teros da populao vivem da agricultura.
Concordncia com percentuais
O verbo deve concordar com o nmero expresso na por-
centagem:
S 1% dos eleitores se absteve de votar.
S 2% dos eleitores se abstiveram de votar.
Concordncia com o pronome ns subentendido
O verbo concorda com o pronome subentendido ns em
frases do tipo:
Todos estvamos preocupados. [= Todos ns estamos
preocupados.]
Os dois vivamos felizes. [= Ns dois vivamos felizes.]
Seno
Em frases negativas em que seno equivale a mais que,
a no ser, e vem seguido de substantivo plural, costuma-se
usar o verbo no plural, fazendo-o concordar com o sujeito
oculto outras coisas. Exemplos:
Do antigo templo grego no restam seno runas.
Da velha casa no sobraram seno escombros.
Mais de, menos de
O verbo concorda com o substantivo que se segue a
essas expresses:
Mais de cem pessoas perderam suas casas, na enchen-
te.
Gastaram-se menos de dois gales de tinta.
51
EXERCCIOS
1 Num dos advrbios abaixo no se observa a concordn-
cia prescrita pela gramtica:
a) No se apanham moscas com vinagre.
b) Casamento e mortalha no cu se talha.
c) Quem ama o feio bonito lhe parece.
d) De boas ceias, as sepulturas esto cheias.
2 Assinale a opo correta quanto concordncia verbal:
a) Devem haver outras razes para ela ter desistido.
b) Foi ento que comeou a chegar um pessoal estranho.
c) Queria voltar a estudar, mas faltava-lhe recursos.
d) No se admitir excees.
3 Assinale a opo correta:
a) Mais de um retirante se afastou do servio.
b) Qual de vs sabeis o destino do retirante?
c) Podem haver, no campo, dias horrveis.
d) Espera-se dias mais propcios.
4 Indique a alternativa correta:
a) Tratavam-se de questes fundamentais.
b) Comprou-se terrenos nos subrbios.
c) Precisam-se de datilgrafos.
d) Reformam-se ternos.
5 J ______ uns pares de anos que no ia cidade natal;
nem sabia que ________ ocorrido tantas construes l.
a) deviam fazer, haviam b) devia fazer, haviam
c) deviam fazer, havia d) devia fazerem, havia
6 - Assinale o item correto quanto concordncia verbal:
a) Fazem quatro anos que no viajo.
b) Batem quatro horas o relgio da matriz.
c) Existem fatos que ainda no foram revelados.
d) Sobra-lhe motivos para poder considerar-se uma pessoa
feliz.
7 Todas as alternativas abaixo esto corretas quanto
concordncia nominal, exceto:
a) Foi acusado de crime de lesa-ptria.
b) As declaraes devem seguir anexas ao processo.
c) Eram rapazes os mais elegantes possvel.
d) Seguiram automveis, cereais e geladeiras exportados.
8 Elas ___ providenciaram os atestados, que enviaram
____ s procuraes, como instrumentos ____ para fins
colimados.
a) mesmas, anexos, bastantes
b) mesmo, anexo, bastante
c) mesmas, anexo, bastante
d) mesmo, anexos, bastante
9 Em todas as frases a concordncia se fez corretamente,
exceto em:
a) Os soldados, agora, esto todos alerta.
b) Ela possua bastante recursos para viajar.
c) As roupas das moas eram as mais belas possveis.
d) Rosa recebeu o livro e dissH0XLWRREULJDGD
10 Assinale a opo em que meio funciona como advrbio:
a) Fica no meio do quarto.
b) Quero meio quilo.
c) Est meio triste.
d) Achei o meio de contraste.
RESPOSTAS
1-B 2-B 3-A 4-D 5-B
6-C 7-C 8-A 9-B 10 - C
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS
REGNCIA NOMINAL E VERBAL
1) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto regncia nominal:

Regncia trata das relaes de dependncia entre um
nome ou um verbo e seus complementos. Quando um termo
exige complemento o chamamos de regente e o termo com-
plementar de regido. H dois tipos: regncia nominal e re-
gncia verbal.
a) Ele sempre foi desfavorvel a sua contratao.
b) Era uma pessoa curiosa de religio.
c) Permaneciam atentos de problemas financeiros.
d) A cerveja prefervel ao vinho.
e) Sou favorvel a uma nova reunio.

REGNCIA NOMINAL 2) Assinale a alternativa que no admite ambas as regncias:

Quando o termo regente um nome (substantivo, adjetivo a) As crianas esto imunes ao / do vrus da gripe.
ou advrbio). b) Tenho horror a / de insetos.
c) Este filme contemporneo ao / de outro.
Tenho amor ao prximo. d) Sou devoto ao / de Santo Expedito.
termo regente termo regido e) O manual constitudo de / por novas regras
(substantivo) (complemento nominal)
de acentuao.
Estou preocupado com o desemprego. 3) Jorge estava habituado ............... trabalhar noite,
termo regente termo regido
(adjetivo) (complemento nominal) mas isto no era benfico ............... sua sade,
descontente .............. a situao, pediu demisso.
Agiram favoravelmente sua deciso.
termo regente termo regido a) por - a com
(advrbio) (complemento nominal) b) - com
c) - a - pela
H nomes que admitem mais de uma preposio sem que d) a com
o sentido seja alterado. e) em em

Estou apto a este tipo de trabalho.

Estou apto para este tipo de trabalho. 4) As palavras aluso, erudito, passvel regem, respectiva-
mente, as preposies:
H outros nomes, que dependendo do sentido, pedem
outras preposies. a) a - em - de
b) de - em - com
Tenho muita considerao por pessoas que trabalham. c) por - de - em
Tenho muita considerao sobre o trabalho filantrpico. d) a - de - de
e) por - em - de
Veja alguns nomes com as respectivas regncias:

acessvel a equivalente a 5) Joana muito cuidadosa ............... os filhos, j seu

acostumado a, com erudito em marido desatento ............... tudo.
adaptado a escasso de
aflito com, por essencial para a) a com
agradvel a estranho a b) com por
alienado de fcil de
aluso a falta de
c) a - de
ambicioso de fiel a d) a por
anlogo a firme em e) com - a
apto a, para generoso com
atento a, em grato a
averso a, para, por hbil em 6) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto regncia nominal:
vido de, por habituado a
benfico a horror a
a) Sou contrrio ao voto dele.
capaz de, para hostil a
compatvel com impossvel de
b ) Sua atitude no foi compatvel ao seu pensamento.
compreensvel a imprprio para c) Ele era entendido em histria.
comum a, de imune a, de d) Fica prximo ao Largo do Paissandu.
constante de, em indeciso em e) Sou leal aos meus princpios.
constitudo de, por, com independente de, em
contemporneo a, de indiferente a
contguo a indigno de 7) Ocorre regncia nominal inadequada em:
contrrio a leal a
cuidadoso com medo a, de a) Ele sempre foi insensvel a elogios.
curioso de, a necessrio a
b) Estava sempre pronta a falar.
desatento a negligente em
desejoso de passvel de c) Sempre fui solcito com a moa.
desfavorvel a perito em d) Estava muito necessitado em carinho.
devoto a, de possvel de e) Era impotente contra tantas maldades.
diferente de prefervel a
difcil de prejudicial a RESPOSTAS
digno de prximo a, de 1-C 2-B 3-D 4-A 5-E 6-B 7-D
entendido em relacionado com

52
 Lngua Portuguesa
REGNCIA VERBAL 1RVHQWLGRGHmorar, residir intransitivo.

Quando o termo regente um verbo. H dois anos ele assiste em So Paulo

VI
Precisamos de alimento.
termo regente termo regido Agradecer
(verbo) (objeto indireto)
REMHWRUHIHULQGR-se a coisa, transitivo direto.
H verbos que admitem mais de uma regncia sem
que o sentido seja alterado. Agradeci o presente. Agradeci-o.
VTD OD
Nunca esquecerei os favores que fez.
verbo transitivo direto objeto direto REMHWRUHIHULQGR-se a pessoa, transitivo indireto
(preposio a).
Nunca esquecerei dos favores que me fez.
verbo transitivo indireto objeto indireto Agradeci ao mdico. Agradeci-lhe.
VTI OI
H outros verbos que mudando a regncia, mudam de
significado. FRPRVGRLVREMHWRVpWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRHLQGLUHWR
O policial visou o alvo e atirou. Agradeci o presente mame.
transitivo direto
Agradeci-o mame.
(visar = apontar, mirar)
Agradeci-lhe o presente.
Ele visava a uma boa colocao na firma.
transitivo indireto
(visar = pretender) Ajudar

REGNCIA DE ALGUNS VERBOS pWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWR

Agradar e desagradar Sempre ajudo mame nos afazeres de casa.

VTD OD
1RVHQWLGRGHfazer carinho, transitivo direto.
pWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRHLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRa).
O pai agradava a filha.
VTD OD Ajudei-a a lavar a loua.
VTDI OD OI
1RVHQWLGRGHcontentar, transitivo indireto (preposio a).

O filme agradou ao pblico. Amar

VTI OI
pWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWR
Aspirar
As crianas amam seus brinquedos.
1RVHQWLGRGHrespirar, sorver, transitivo direto. VTD OD

Aspirei o ar da manh. pLQWUDQVLWLYR

VTD OD
Amei demais e no fui correspondido.
QRVHQWLGRGHpretender, desejar, transitivo indireto VI
(preposio a).

Ele aspirava ao cargo de diretor. Apelar

VTI OI
pWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRpara e de).
Assistir
No conseguindo resolver seus problemas, apelou para os pais.
1RVHQWLGRGHver, transitivo indireto (preposio a). VTI OI

Assistimos ao jogo de basquete. Atender

VTI OI
1RVHQWLGRGHlevar em considerao, transitivo indireto
 1R VHQWLGR GH prestar assistncia, ajudar, transitivo (preposio a).
direto.
Teobaldo no atendia aos pais.
A enfermeira assistiu o paciente com muito cuidado. VTI OI
VTD OD
 1R VHQWLGR GH satisfazer, atentar, observar, transitivo
1RVHQWLGRGHpertencer, caber, transitivo indireto indireto (preposio a).
(preposio a).
Assiste ao diretor comunicar as novas regras. Mame atendia a todas as vontades de Joo.
VTI OI VTI OI

53
 Lngua Portuguesa
1RVHQWLGRGHacolher ou receber, transitivo direto. Ensinar

O diretor da escola atendeu os pais. eWUDQVLWLvo direto e indireto.

VTD OD
Helena ensina ingls aos alunos.
1RVHQWLGRGH conceder ou deferir um pedido, transitivo VTDI OD OI
direto.

O chefe no atendeu as exigncias dos empregados. Esquecer e lembrar

VTD OD
eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRTXDQGRQmRIRUSURQRPLQDO
Atingir
Esqueci o seu nome.
pWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWR Lembrei o seu aniversrio.

O policial no atingiu o alvo. eWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHto quando for pronominal (preposio de).

VTD OD
Esqueci-me do seu nome.
Chamar Lembrei-me do seu aniversrio.

1RVHQWLGRGHconvidar, convocar, transitivo direto.

Informar
Ns chamamos os acionistas para uma reunio de emergncia.
VTD OD
eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRHLQGLUHWR
1RVHQWLGRGHdenominar, cognominar, transitivo
Informou os colegas de seus problemas.
direto ou transitivo indireto. VTDI OD OI

Chamaram- no empregadinho. Informou aos colegas os seus problemas.

VTD VTDI OI OD
Chamaram- no de empregadinho.
VTD preposio
Ir
Chamaram- lhe empregadinho.
VTI
eLQWUDQVLWLYRFRPSUHSRVLomR
Chamaram- lhe de caloteiro.
VTDI preposio
objeto predicativo do objeto Fui escola.
VI

Chegar Fui para Salvador.

VI
 intransitivo (preposio a).

Cheguei escola. Namorar

VI adjunto adverbial
eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWR
Consistir
Joo namorou Clara durante cinco anos.
pWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRem). VTD OD

O futuro da nossa empresa consiste em nossa honestidade.

VTI OI Obedecer e desobedecer

Contentar-se eWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRa).

pWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRcom, em, de). Os filhos obedecem aos pais.

VTI OI
Ela contenta-se com to pouco.
VTI OI Aquele motorista desobedeceu aos sinais.
VTI OI
Custar

1RVHQWLGRGHser custoso, ser difcil, transitivo indireto. Pagar e perdoar

Custou mame acreditar naquele terrvel acidente. eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRTXDQGRRREMHWRUHIHUH-se coisa.

VTI OI
Vou pagar o livro.
1RVHQWLGRGHacarretar, transitivo direto e indireto. VTD OD

O trabalho custou-nos muita ateno. Papai perdoou suas falhas.

VTDI OI OD VTD OD

54
 Lngua Portuguesa
 e WUDQVLWLYR LQGLUHWR TXDQGR R REMHWR UHIHUH-se pessoa 1RVHQWLGRGHpassar visto, transitivo direto.
(preposio a).
O gerente visou o cheque.
Vou pagar ao dentista. VTD OD
VTI OI
1RVHQWLGRGHpretender, ter em vista, transitivo
Papai perdoou aos meninos. indireto (preposio a).
VTI OI
Sempre visei ao seu bem.
eWUDQVLWLYRGireto e indireto quando possui os dois objetos. VTI OI

Papai perdoou as falhas aos meninos.

VTDI OD OI EXERCCIOS

Precisar
1) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:
1RVHQWLGRGHmarcar com preciso, transitivo direto.
a) Visei um passaporte e fui viajar.
O reprter no precisou o local do acidente. b) Quero um bom emprego.
VTD OD c) Aninha sempre obedece a me.
 1R VHQWLGR GH necessitar, transitivo indireto (preposio d) Esqueci-me do endereo.
de). e) Simpatizo com voc.

Eu preciso de silncio para pensar. 2) Escolha a regncia verbal correta do verbo chamar:
VTI OI
a) Chamamo-la de esperta.
Preferir b) Chamamo-la esperta.
c) Chamamos-lhe esperta.
eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWR e indireto (preposio a). d) Todas as alternativas esto corretas.
e) Nenhuma das alternativas est correta.
Prefiro vinho a cerveja.
VTDI OD OI 3) A regncia est correta em:

Prefiro o vinho cerveja. a) Prefiro caf do que ch.

b) Pedro namora com Joana.
Presidir c) Informei o endereo ao turista.
d) Cheguei na casa de Marta s cinco horas.
eWUDQVLWLYRGLUHWRRXWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWR e) Ele contenta-se por to pouco.

Ele presidiu a Cmara dos Deputados. 4) Assinale a alternativa em que o verbo custar tem o
VTD OD mesmo significado da orao abaixo:
Ele presidiu Cmara dos Deputados. &XVWD-PHDFUHGLWDUTXHYRFrGLVVHLVVR
VTI OI
a) A ida ao teatro custou-lhe caro.
Querer
b) Naquela tarde custou-me chegar escola.
c) A perda dos documentos custou-me muito.
1RVHQWLGRGHdesejar, transitivo direto.
d) Quanto custa esta joia?
e) Os alimentos custam muito caro.
Quero uma boa casa para morar.
VTD OD
5) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:
1RVHQWLGRGHestimar, gostar, transitivo indireto
(preposio a). a) No informaram aos alunos sobre as provas.
b) No informaram os alunos sobre as provas.
c) No informaram aos alunos as provas.
Quero bem ao Bruno.
VTI OI d) No informaram os alunos das provas.
e) No informaram das provas aos alunos.

Simpatizar e antipatizar 6) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:

eWUDQVLWLYRLQGLUHWRSUHSRVLomRcom) a) assistir ao jogo (= ver)

b) assistir o paciente (= prestar assistncia)
Simpatizo com Lusa. c) assistir em Minas Gerais (morar)
d) assistir o professor (= caber)
Visar e) assiste ao menino (= pertencer)

1RVHQWLGRGHapontar, mirar, transitivo direto.

RESPOSTAS
O atirador visou o alvo. 1-C 2-D 3-C 4-B 5-A 6-D
VTD OD

55
 Lngua Portuguesa
Observao:
COLOCAO PRONOMINAL
Se houver partcula atrativa, dever ser usada a prclise.
Assim:
Os pronomes oblquos tonos (o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, me,
te, se, nos, vos) podem ocupar trs posies na orao em No o compreenderia.
relao ao verbo:
Uso da nclise
a) antes do verbo neste caso tem-se a prclise e diz-se
que o pronome est procltico. Emprega-se, geralmente, a nclise:

Nunca se fala nestas coisas aqui. com verbos no incio do perodo:

Quero que todos me acompanhem.
Sabe-se que a temperatura global est em mdia cerca
b) no meio do verbo tem-se a mesclise, e o pronome de meio grau Celsius mais alta do que h 100 anos.
est mesocltico.
com verbos no modo imperativo afirmativo:
Ajudar-te-ei amanh sem falta.
Dir-lhe-ei depois o que desejo. Diga, diga-lhe toda a verdade.

c) depois do verbo tem-se, ento, a nclise, e o pronome Levante-se da, senhor Belchior...
est encltico.
com verbos no gerndio, desde que no venham precedi-
Ouviu-se um alarido. dos da preposio em:
Faltavam-me alguns relgios.
Para tratar o enfermo, no basta ter pena dele, consolan-
Uso da prclise do-o e ouvindo-o com interesse.

A prclise ser obrigatria: com verbos no infinitivo impessoal:

quando houver palavra de sentido negativo antes do ver- No sou desumano, no traria o bicho aqui para maltrat-
bo. lo.
Casos especiais
Nada lhe posso dizer.
Ningum me procurou. A seguir, alguns casos em que o pronome oblquo vem
acompanhado de locuo verbal.
quando conjuno subordinativa e pronome relativo esti-
verem presentes na orao. a) Quando o verbo principal de uma locuo verbal encon-
tra-se no infinitivo ou no gerndio, coloca-se o pronome obl-
Quero que me entendas. quo depois do verbo auxiliar ou depois do verbo principal:
Ainda que a encontre, no conversaremos.
O recibo que lhe deram no vlido. Quero-lhe pedir dinheiro. Quero pedir-lhe dinheiro.
v. auxiliar v. principal v. auxiliar v. principal
em oraes iniciadas por palavras interrogativas. no infinitivo no infinitivo

Quando nos enviaro as passagens? Observao:

Quem te perdoou a dvida?
Se a locuo verbal vier precedida de partcula atrativa, o
em oraes que exprimem desejo, iniciadas por palavras pronome dever vir antes do verbo auxiliar ou depois do
exclamativas. verbo principal:

Deus me acuda! No lhe quero pedir dinheiro. No quero pedir-lhe dinheiro.

Como me recordo daquele feriado! partcula v. auxiliar partcula v. auxiliar
atrativa atrativa
quando se usar gerndio com em.
b) Quando o verbo principal de uma locuo verbal encontra-
Em se tratando de medicina, ele especialista. se no particpio, coloca-se o pronome oblquo depois do ver-
Em se apresentando condies, faremos o que pedes. bo auxiliar:

Uso da mesclise Tinha-me consultado sobre a sua deciso.

v. auxiliar v. principal no particpio
Usa-se a mesclise os seguintes tempos verbais:
Observao:
futuro do presente:
Se a locuo verbal vier precedida de partcula atrativa, o
pronome oblquo dever vir antes do verbo auxiliar:
Dir-lhe-ei a verdade na ocasio certa.
No me tinha consultado sobre a sua deciso.
futuro do pretrito: partcula v. auxiliar
atrativa
Dir-lhe-ia a verdade na ocasio certa.

56
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS 9 - Substituindo o termo grifado pelo pronome tono corres-
pondente, marque a alternativa em que houve erro na colo-
cao pronominal.
1 A colocao do pronome tono est incorreta apenas em:
a) Entreguei O BILHETE AO GUARDA. Entreguei-LHO.
a) No poderia consult-lo fraca luz da masmorra. b) Ningum exigiu-ME O SEGREDO. Ningum exigiu-MO
b) Nunca mais v-los-ia, nunca! c) Dariam UM PRMIO AO VENCEDOR. Dar-LHO-iam.
c) Quaresma, porm, enganava-se em parte. d) Meu irmo NOS emprestou a bicicleta. Meu irmo NO-LA
d) O que o fazia sofrer era aquela semivida de moa, mergu- emprestou.
lhada na loucura e na modstia.
10) Assinale a alternativa correta quanto colocao do
2 Assinale a alternativa em que o pronome oblquo esteja pronome.
colocado de maneira correta, segundo a norma culta gramati-
cal. a) Preciso v-lo, me disse o rapaz.
b) Este um trabalho que absorve-me muito.
a) Talvez tenha solicitado-me o pedido. c) Em tratando-se frutas, prefiro as ctricas.
b) Jamais convidei-o para compor minha equipe. d) Tudo se resolve com o tempo.
c) Se for necessrio, calarei-me.
d) At l muitos s se tero arrependido. 11) Complete os espaos da frase abaixo:

3 Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre nclise: Quem _____________ estragado que __________ de
______________________.
a) Os senadores cujos mandatos se prorrogaram foram
cassados. a) o trouxe, encarregue-se, consert-lo.
b) Repetir-se-, assim, o que neste ano j aconteceu com b) o trouxe, se encarregue, consert-lo.
tantos outros feriados. c) trouxe-o, se encarregue, o consertar.
c) Para assust-lo, os soldados atiram a esmo. d) trouxe-o, encarregue-se, consert-lo.
d) No nos iludamos, o jogo est feito.
12) Assinale a frase gramaticalmente correta.
4 Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre prclise:
a) Quando recebe-o em minha casa, fico feliz.
a) Apanhei-te, cavaquinho. b) Por este processo, teriam-se obtido melhores resultados.
b) Quem te viu, quem te v. c) Tudo fez-se como voc mandou.
c) At o final do ano, abster-me-ei da meditao contempla- d) Em se tratando disto, podemos contar com ele.
tiva.
d) Faa-se logo o que precisa ser feito. 13) H um erro de colocao pronominal em:

5 - $VIRWRVTXHHVto timas; ................ em breve a) Sempre a quis como namorada.

FRQIRUPHSRUWHOHIRQH b) Os soldados no lhe obedeceram s ordens.
c) Todos me disseram o mesmo.
a) me mandaram; devolv-las-ei; lhes informei. d) Recusei a ideia que apresentaram-me.
b) mandaram-me; devolverei-as; informei-lhes
c) me mandaram; devolverei-as; lhes informei 14) O oblquo O coloca-se procltico (antes do verbo) nos
d) mandaram-me; devolv-las-ei; informei-lhes perodos abaixo, exceto em:

6 - Assinale a afirmao incorreta: a) Deus ___ livre ___ de um tropeo na prova!

b) Como ___ achou ___ ontem.
a) Usa-se a prclise quando o verbo vem precedido de ex- c) No quis o rapaz aqui, ___ mandei ___ embora.
presses negativas; d) Talvez ___ encontre ___ na outra sala.
b) Usa-se a prclise com verbo no infinitivo;
c) Usa-se a mesclise com o verbo no futuro do presente e 15) O pronome que substitui corretamente o segmento grifa-
no futuro do pretrito; do, respeitando tambm as exigncias de colocao prono-
d) Usa-se a nclise quando a frase se inicia com o verbo. minal, est em:

7 H prclise na alternativa: a) no haveria limites para a atividade humana = no haveria-

os.
a) Queixar-me-ei com a professora. b) detonando a questo das mudanas do clima = as deto-
b) Vou esconder-me no sto. nando.
c) A menina, curvando-se, pegou a flor. c) as principais produtoras criaram um sistema conjunto =
d) Pouco importa que lhe perdoem. criaram-no.
d) para aumentar a eficincia de hardwares e softwares =
8 H nclise na alternativa: aument-los.

a) Ele se arrependeu e voltou.

b) Quero-te. RESPOSTAS
c) Eu lhe telefonarei. 1-B 2-D 3-C 4-B 5-A
d) Nada o anima. 6-B 7-D 8-B 9-B 10 D
11 - B 12 - D 13 - D 14 - C 15 - C

57
 Lngua Portuguesa
CASOS EM QUE O USO DA CRASE OBRIGATRIO
CRASE
QDVORFXo}HVDGYHUELDLVSUHSRVLWLYDVHFRQMXQWLYDV
femininas:
Crase a fuso de duas vogais a + a (), indicada pelo
acento grave. A crase pode ocorrer com a juno da preposi- parte em frente
o com: s vezes espera de
proporo que medida que
RDUWLJRIHPLQLQRa ou as:
Exceo:
Fomos a a escola.
preposio artigo
Locues adverbiais femininas que indiquem instrumento
no levam o acento de crase.
Fomos escola.
a mquina a bala
Ra dos pronomes demonstrativos aquele, aquela, aquilo:
A carta foi escrita a mquina.
Entreguei os documentos a aquele senhor.
preposio pronome demonstrativo
Ele foi ferido a bala.
Entreguei os documentos quele senhor.
QDVH[SUHVV}HV moda de e maneira de, mesmo quando
Ra do pronome relativo a qual (as quais): subentendidas:

A casa a a qual comprei h muitos anos foi demolida. Usava sapatos Lus XV. ( moda de)
preposio pronome relativo
QDLQGLFDomRGHKRUDV
A casa qual comprei h muitos anos foi demolida.
O avio chegar s quinze horas.
A regncia de alguns verbos exige a preposio a.
Veja alguns exemplos:
CASOS FACULTATIVOS
Fui feira.
Pea sua me que lhe conte uma histria. So casos em que pode ou no ocorrer a crase:
Referi-me sua atual situao.
DQWHVGHQRPHVIHPLQLQRV

CASOS EM QUE NO OCORRE A CRASE: No conte isso a ( ) Carla.

DQWHVGHVXEVWDQWLYRVPDVFXOLQRV DQWHVGHSURQRPHVSRVVHVVLYRVIHPLQLQRV

No assisto a jogo de futebol. Obedeo a ( ) minha me.

DQWHVGHYHUERV GHSRLVGDSUHSRVLomRDWp

Assim que cheguei em casa, comeou a chover. Fui at a ( ) escola.

DQWHVGHDUWLJRLQGHILQLGR
CASOS ESPECIAIS
noite iremos a uma festa.
DQWHVGDSDODYUDcasa:
DQWHVGHSronome indefinido:
A palavra casa, no sentido de lar, residncia, no admite o
Desejo a todos boa viagem. uso da crase. Se a palavra casa vier determinada, leva o
acento de crase.
DQWHVGHSURQRPHVSHVVRDLVGRFDVRUHWRGRFDVRREOtTXR
e de alguns pronomes de tratamento que no admitem artigo: Voltei a casa depois do trabalho.

Dei um presente a ela. Vou casa de meus pais nas prximas frias.
Todos se dirigiram a mim.
Contei meus planos a Vossa Majestade. DQWHVGDSDODYUDterra:

TXDQGRRa aparece antes de uma palavra no plural, dando A palavra terra, no sentido de cho firme, no admite o
um sentido genrico: uso da crase. Se a palavra terra vier determinada, leva o
acento de crase.
Ele se referiu a mulheres estranhas.
Depois de meses no navio, os marinheiros voltaram a
QDVH[SUHVV}HVIRUPDGDVSRUSDODYUDVUHSHWLGDV terra.

cara a cara frente a frente Regressarei terra dos meus avs.

58
 Lngua Portuguesa
Se estivermos em dvida quanto ao emprego da crase, 4) Assinale a alternativa em que todas as locues devem
basta recorrermos a trs regras bsicas: receber o acento de crase:

1 regra: troca-se a palavra feminina por uma masculina a) as vezes a esmo a parte
correspondente. b) em frente a a espera de a medida que
c) a mquina as vezes a proporo que
Vou feira. Ela visitou a irm. d) a espera de a bala as pressas
Vou ao cinema. Ela visitou o irmo. e) a cabo a esmo - a parte

2 regra: troca-se o a craseado por para a: 5) Todas as alternativas possuem casos facultativos no uso
da crase, exceto:
Irei Argentina. Irei a Portugal.
Ire para a Argentina. Irei para Portugal. a) Vou at farmcia.
b) Ela deu um presente sua melhor amiga.
3 regra: troca-se cheguei de por a e cheguei da por : c) Bento entregou a carta Maria.
d) Beatriz devolver o livro senhora.
Cheguei de Belo Horizonte. e) A professora entregou as notas minha me.
Irei a Belo Horizonte.
6) Aponte a alternativa em que no ocorre o uso da crase:
Cheguei da Bahia.
Irei Bahia. a) Ele age as escondidas.
b) A mulher a qual me refiro minha professora.
c) Dia a dia, os problemas se tornam mais difceis.
EMPREGO DE H E A d) Irei a Austrlia assim que puder.
e) Gosto das coisas as claras.
Essas duas formas, em relao ao tempo, tm o seguinte
uso: 7) Fui .......... cidade .......... dez horas para conhecer
.......... minhas primas.
H: usado no sentido de tempo decorrido, (verbo haver).
a) a - as - as
No o vejo h trs semanas. b) a - s - as
c) - as - s
A: usado no sentido de tempo futuro, (preposio). d) - s - s
e) - s - as
Daqui a cinco dias, retornaremos ao trabalho.
8) Garanto .......... voc que compete .......... ela, pelo menos
EXERCCIOS .......... meu ver, tomar as providncias para resolver o caso.

1) .......... poucos meses, papai referia-se .......... mame com a) a / a / a

muito carinho. b) / / a
c) a / /
a) A d) a / / a
b) H a e) / a /
c) A a
d) H h 9) Foi ............... Braslia aprender ............... artes polticas,
e) H mas retornou ............... terra natal sem grandes conhecimen-
tos.
2) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto ao uso do acento de
crase: a) a as d) a as - a
b) as a e) s -
a) Vou a Paris no prximo ano. c) a s
b) Partirei s duas horas.
c) Gosto de comida a italiana. 10) Ainda h pouco, o professor referia-se ............... questes
d) Ele saiu s pressas. ligadas ............... prtica de ensino.
e) Desejo a todos um Feliz Natal.
a) a c) a -
3) Assinale a alternativa que preencha corretamente as b) d) a - a
lacunas das oraes abaixo:
11) Levando-se em conta que alguns nomes de lugar admi-
Ele saiu .......... p. tem a anteposio do artigo, assinale a alternativa em que a
Ele obedece .......... professora. crase foi empregada corretamente:
Pea .......... ela que venha me encontrar.
Vou visitar .......... terra dos meus tios. a) Ele nunca foi Berlim.
b) Ele nunca foi Paris.
a) a - - a - c) Ele nunca foi Itlia.
b) - a - a - d) Ele nunca foi Roma.
c) - - - a
d) a - a - - a RESPOSTAS
e) a - a - a - 1-E 2-C 3-A 4-B 5-D 6-C
7-E 8-A 9-A 10 - C 11 - C

59
 Lngua Portuguesa
SDUDVHSDUDUSDODYUDV e expresses explicativas ou retifica-
PONTUAO tivas como por exemplo, ou melhor, isto , alis, alm disso,
ento, etc.

Os sinais de pontuao so recursos utilizados para re-
presentar os movimentos rtmicos e meldicos da lngua
falada. No h critrios rgidos quanto ao seu uso, mas ao
empreg-los o texto adquire maior clareza e simplicidade.
3DUD(YDQLOGR%HFKDUDRVVLQDLVGHSRQWXDomRGDWDPGD
poca relativamente recente na histria da escrita, embora se
possa afirmar uma continuidade de alguns sinais desde os
gregos, latinos e alta Idade Mdia; constituem hoje pea
fundamental da comunicao e se impem como objeto de
estudo e aprendizado.
$RODGRGRVJUDIHPDVTXHYHVWHPRVIRQHPDVRVPRr-
femas e as unidades superiores, esses sinais extra-
alfabticos so essencialmente unidades sinttiFDVVLQDLVGH
RUDomR H VLQDLV GH SDODYUDV Sodendo comutar com unida-
des alfabticas e tomar de emprstimo seu valor.
Assim, um apstrofo indica a supresso de um grafema,
uma vrgula uma unidade de coordenao ou de subordina-
o. Na essncia, os sinais de pontuao constituem um tipo
especial de gUDIHPD
EMPREGO DOS SINAIS DE PONTUAO
1) VRGULA ( , )
Geralmente, a vrgula utilizada para dar uma breve
pausa na leitura.
A vrgula entre os termos de uma orao
Emprega-se a vrgula para:
VHSDUDUHOHPHQWRVGHXPDHQXPHUDomR Os alunos da escola formaram uma comisso.
Crianas, jovens e velhos manifestaram-se contra a vio-
lncia.
VHSDUDURDSRVWR O turista pediu informao
Madalena, aquela moa alegre, possua uma vida infeliz.
Eles foram praia ontem, alis, anteontem.
SDUDVHSDUDUWHUPRVGHVORFDGRVGHVXDSRVLomRQRUPDOQD
frase:
De doce, eu gosto.
SDUDVHSDrar elementos paralelos de um provrbio:
Tal pai, tal filho.
A vrgula entre oraes
No perodo composto, emprega-se a vrgula para:
VHSDUDURUDo}HVFRRUGHQDGDVDVVLQGpWLFDV
Foi at a cozinha, bebeu um copo de gua, pensou por
alguns instantes, acendeu seu cigarro.
 VHSDUDU RUDo}HV FRRUGHQDGDV VLQGpWLFDV H[FHWR DV LQLFLa-
das pela conjuno e, ou e nem:
Fez o que pde, pois sentia-se culpado pelo acidente.
LVRODUDVRUDo}HVVXERUGLQDGDVDGMHWLYDVH[SOLFDWLYDV
O homem, que um ser inteligente, tambm passvel de
erro.
VHSDUDUDVRUDo}HVVXERUGLQDGDVDGYHUELDLVSULQFLSDOPHQWH
quando vm antepostas orao principal:
Quando as frias chegaram, todos foram para o Nordeste.
SDUDVHSDUDURUDo}HVUHGX]LGDV
Terminada a aula, os alunos foram dispensados.
No se usa vrgula entre:
RVXMHLWRHRSUHGLFDGR
sujeito predicado
RYHUERHVHXVFRPSOHPHQWRV
ao motorista.
verbo objeto direto objeto indireto

VHSDUDURYRFDWLYR RQRPHHRFRPSOHPHQWRQRPLQDO
O jantar est servido, senhor! A leitura do jornal indispensvel.
nome complemento nominal
VHSDUDURDGMXQWRDGYHUELDODQWHFLSDGR
Logo pela manh, ouviu-se um terrvel estrondo. RQRPHHRDGMXQWRDGQRPLQDO
A claridade da manh entrava pelas janelas.
Observao: Se o adjunto adverbial viesse no final da frase, nome adjunto adnominal
no seria necessrio o uso da vrgula.
 D RUDomR SULQFLSDO H D VXERUGLQDGD VXEVWDQWLYD GHVGH TXH
LVRODURQRPHGROXJDUQDVGDWDV no seja apositiva:
So Paulo, 07 de outubro de 1963. Espero que voc seja feliz.
orao principal orao subordinada substantiva
LQGLFDUDRPLVVmRGHXPWHUPR
2) PONTO FINAL ( . )
Todos estavam alegres; eu, muito triste.
O ponto final usado para representar a pausa mxima
2EVHUYDomR1HVWHH[HPSORIRLRPLWLGRRYHUERHVWDYD
com que se encerra o perodo.
HXHVWDYDPXLWRWULVWH
Emprega-se o ponto final:
GHSRLVGRVLPHGRQmRXVDGRVFRPRUHVSRVWDQRLQtFLRGD
frase:
QRSHUtRGRVLPSOHV
A partida de futebol foi emocionante.
Voc vai escola?
QRSHUtRGRFRPSRVWR
Sim, vou. ou No, vou ficar em casa.
No quero que voc tenha medo de mim.

60
 Lngua Portuguesa
QDVDEUHYLDWXUDV a) O ponto de interrogao no empregado nas perguntas
d.C. - depois de Cristo indiretas:
Av. avenida
pl. - plural Melissa perguntou onde estariam os livros que perdeu.

b) O ponto de interrogao e o de exclamao podem apare-

3) PONTO-E-VRGULA ( ; ) cer lado a lado em frases de entonao interrogativa e ex-
clamativa:
O ponto-e-vrgula utilizado para marcar uma pausa
intermediria entre o ponto e a vrgula. O senhor outra vez?! Assim no possvel!

Emprega-se o ponto-e-vrgula para:

6) PONTO DE EXCLAMAO ( ! )
VHSDUDURUDo}HVFRRUGHQDGDVVHXPDGHODVMiWLYHUYtUJXOD
Emprega-se o ponto de exclamao, geralmente,
Fazia muito calor naquela manh; alguns hspedes, pen- depois de:
sava eu, tinham ido piscina.

VHSDUDURUDo}HVFRRUGHQDGDVGHVHQWLGRRSRVWR IUDVHVH[FODPDWLYDV
Que dia lindo!
As crianas viajaro hoje; os adultos amanh.
LQWHUMHLo}HVHRQRPDWRSHLDV
VHSDUDULWHQVGHXPDHQXPHUDomRGHXPUHJXODPHQWRGH Puxa!
um decreto, de uma lei, etc. Plim - plim!

Art. 17 - Fica vedado: YHUERQRLPSHUDWLYR

I - fumar em local fechado; Venha c! Apague a luz!
II - ter animais de grande e mdio porte;
III - usar o ptio para promover festas; 'HSRLVGHYRFDWLYR
IV - usar o salo de festas para reunies. Tenha pacincia, Joo!

4) DOIS-PONTOS ( : ) 7) RETICNCIAS (. . .)

Os dois-pontos so utilizados para marcar uma sensvel As reticncias so utilizadas para indicar que a frase foi
suspenso da voz de uma frase no concluda. interrompida. Emprega-se as reticncias para indicar:

Emprega-se os dois-pontos: G~YLGDKHVLWDomRRXVXUSUHVD

SDUDDQXQFLDUDIDODGDSHUVRQDJHP Eu estava pensando . . . no sei se invisto o dinheiro em

O professor ordenou:
Faam silncio!
SDUDDQXQFiar uma enumerao:
Os entrevistados do programa sero os seguintes: J
Soares, Marta Suplicy, Antonio Fagundes e Paulo Maluf.
SDUDDQXQFLDUXPHVFODUHFLPHQWR
Escute bem isto: s se vive bem quando se tem paz.
aes ou em imveis.
LQWHUUXSomRGDIDODGRQDUUDGRURXGDSHUVRQDJHP
Eu te amo, disse Lusa em voz baixa. Como Alfredo
QmR HVFXWRX /XtVD LD GL]HU RXWUD YH] HX WH . . . PDV IRL
interrompida com a chegada de seu pai.
VXSUHVVmRGHSDODYUDV

SDUDDQXQFLDUXPDFLWDomR Samantha parecia impaciente:

O filsofR'HVFDUWHVGLVVH3HQVRORJRH[LVWR Mame, eu quero . . . a senhora sabe . . . eu . . . eu
quero muito bem a senhora.
QDLQYRFDomRGDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDV
Prezado amigo: DRILQDOGHXPDIUDVHTXHRVHQWLGRFRQWLQXD

DQWHVGHRUDo}HVDSRVLWLYDV E a vida continua . . .

Ns defendemos uma ideia: que todos devem ter acesso
sade, segurana e educao.
8) PARNTESES ( ( ) )

5) PONTO DE INTERROGAO ( ? ) Os parnteses so usados para intercalar pequenos co-

mentrios que no se encaixam na ordem lgica da frase.
O ponto de interrogao utilizado para marcar as ora-
es interrogativas diretas. Empregam-se os parnteses para:

Onde estaro os livros que perdi? LVRODUSDODYUDVH[SOLFDWLYDV

Observaes: A diretora da escola pediu aos alunos que conservassem

a escola, e todos (menos o Carlos) resolveram ajudar.

61
 Lngua Portuguesa
GHVWDFDUGDWDV 11) COLCHETES ( [ ] )
Gregrio de Matos (1633 - 1695) foi a maior expresso
do Barroco brasileiro. Os colchetes so utilizados com a mesma finalidade dos
parnteses, principalmente na linguagem cientfica e religio-
LVRODUIUDVHVLQWHUFDODGDV sa.
O senhor Irineu (que Deus o tenha!) era uma pessoa
arrogante e mal-humorada. estrbico. Adj. 1. Relativo ao, ou prprio do estrabismo
(1). 2. Diz-se de indivduo atacado de estrabismo
 LQGLFDo}HV FrQLFDV HP SHoDV GH WHDWUR URWHLURV GH WHYr (1). [Sin.: caolho, vesgo, zarolho.]
etc.):

(Entra Ivone desesperada) 12) ASTERISCO ( * )

Onde, onde esto as crianas?
O asterisco utilizado para chamar a ateno do leitor
para alguma nota (observao), ou para substituir um nome
9) TRAVESSO ( ) que no se quer mencionar.

O travesso usado para indicar com que pessoa do O Marqus * * *

discurso est a fala.

Emprega-se o travesso para: 13) PARGRAFO ( )

LQGLFDUDPXGDQoDGRLQWHUORFXWRUQRGLiORJR O pargrafo utilizado para indicar um item de um texto

ou artigo de lei.
Bom dia, Jos. Como vai?
Bom dia, querida. Eu estou bem. Art. 1. Constituem Princpios Fundamentais de Contabili-
dade (PFC) os enunciados por esta Resoluo.
LVRODUDSDUWHILQDOGHXPHnunciado: 1. A observncia dos Princpios Fundamentais de Con-
tabilidade obrigatria no exerccio da profisso e consti-
Todos ns cometemos erros erros, s vezes, injustifi- tui condio de legitimidade das Normas Brasileiras de
cveis. Contabilidade (NBC).

LVRODUSDODYUDVRXIUDVHVXVD-se travesso duplo:

14) CHAVE ( { ) OU CHAVES ( { } )
A Chula dana tpica do sul do pas acompanhada
a sanfona ou violo. A chave utilizada para dividir um assunto. As chaves
so muito empregadas em matemtica.
OLJDUJUXSRVGHSDODYUDVTXHLQGLFDPLWLQHUiULR
(Mack / 92) - Sejam os conjuntos
A rodovia Presidente Dutra a estrada que liga Rio A = {x | x mltiplo de 7} e 9 = {x 0 |12 < x < 864}.
So Paulo. Ento o nmero de elementos de A 1 B :
a) 78 b) 100 c) 122 d) 146 e) 166
Resposta: Alternativa c.
$63$6

As aspas so utilizadas para isolar do contexto frases ou 15) BARRA ( / )

palavras alheias.
A barra muito utilizada nas abreviaes das datas
Empregam-se as aspas: e em algumas abreviaturas.

QRLQtFLRHQRILPGHXPDFLWDomR 01 / 06 / 94
A/C - ao(s) cuidado(s)
'HXVy'HXVRQGHHVWiVTXHQmRUHVSRQGHV"
(Castro Alves) EXERCCIOS

 QDV SDODYUDV RX H[SUHVV}HV HVWUDQJHLUDV DUFDtVPRV QHo- 1) Assinale a alternativa corretamente pontuada:
logismos, grias, etc.
a) Hoje, em dia, atravs do avano da medicina, muitas do-
)XLDRVKRZGR5REHUWR&DUORV enas tm cura.
2QRYRFGGRV7LWmVpVLQLVWUR b) Hoje em dia atravs do avano da medicina, muitas doen-
as, tm cura.
GDUrQIDVHDSDODYUDVHH[SUHVV}HV c) Hoje em dia, atravs do avano da medicina, muitas doen-
as tm cura.
0HXLUPmRQmRpLVVRTXHGLzem. d) Hoje em dia, atravs do avano da medicina muitas doen-
as tm cura.
LURQL]DURVWHUPRVGHXPDRUDomR
1) Observe as frases:
+DYLDVHPSUHXPSRUTXrHPWXGRTXHGL]LD
I - Mame semSUHGL]LD&XLGDGRFRPRVIDOVRVDPLJRV
II - Terminado o discurso, o governador retirou-se.

62
 Lngua Portuguesa
III - Espero, que voc alcance seus objetivos. b) Sabe, querida, quem o vencedor?
c) Sabe querida; quem o vencedor?
Verificamos que est (esto) corretamente pontuada( s): d) Sabe, querida, quem o vencedor!

a) apenas a I 10) Aponte a alternativa que preencha as lacunas da frase

b) apenas a II abaixo:
c) apenas a I e a II Estela ..... todo dia ..... segue a mesma rotina ..... trabalhar
d) apenas a III ..... fazer jazz ..... ter aulas de ingls e encontrar seu namo-
rado .....
 1DTXHOH PRPHQWR Vy GHVHMDYD XPD FRLVD TXH $OEHUWR
UHWRUQDVVHRPDLVEUHYHSRVVtYHO
Assinale a alternativa correta:
a) Os dois-pontos antecipam um desejo do autor.
b) Os dois-pontos anunciam uma citao.
c) Os dois-pontos anunciam a fala da personagem.
d) Os dois-pontos anunciam e introduzem um esclarecimento.
4) Aponte a frase corretamente pontuada:
a) Ns, isto , Geraldo e eu, resolveremos o problema.
b) Ns, isto Geraldo e eu, resolveremos o problema.
c) Ns, isto , Geraldo e eu resolveremos o problema.
d) Ns isto , Geraldo e eu resolveremos o problema.
5) Assinale a alternativa que preencha as lacunas da frase
abaixo:
Marisa pensativa retrucou ..... ..... No sei se devo .... meu
amor .... confiar tanto em voc ....
a) dois-pontos, vrgula, vrgula, ponto-e-vrgula, ponto
b) dois-pontos, travesso, vrgula, vrgula, ponto
c) travesso, aspas, vrgula, vrgula, ponto
d) aspas, dois-pontos, ponto-e-vrgula, vrgula, ponto
6) As frases abaixo esto corretas quanto sua justificativa,
exceto:
a) No sei se vou ..... se vou ..... se vou falar com ela (as
reticncias indicam uma supresso de ideias).
b) Se decidirmos agora ..... (as reticncias indicam que a
frase continua)
c) Como vou saber ..... j no tenho mais a mesma autori-
dade (as reticncias indicam a interrupo na fala da perso-
nagem)
d) Tenha muito cuidado ..... meu filho! (as reticncias so
usadas antes do vocativo)
7) Observe a orao:
No vero, comum as pessoas permanecerem nas ruas por
mais tempo.
Assinale a alternativa correta quanto ao uso da vrgula:
a) separar o aposto
b) separar palavra explicativa
c) separar o adjunto adverbial antecipado
d) separar o vocativo
8) Aponte a orao incorretamente pontuada:
a) So Paulo 25 de janeiro de 2002.
b) Terminado o trabalho, v descansar.
a) vrgula, vrgula, aspas, ponto-e-vrgula, vrgula, vrgula
b) vrgula, ponto-e-vrgula, parnteses, vrgula, vrgula, parn-
teses
c) vrgula, vrgula, dois-pontos, vrgula, vrgula, ponto
d) vrgula, vrgula, vrgula, vrgula, vrgula, ponto
11) Os trechos seguintes tiveram sinais de pontuao supri-
midos e alterados. Aponte aquele cuja pontuao permane-
ceu gramaticalmente correta:
a) A ideia do ministro extraordinrio dos Esportes, Edson
Arantes do Nascimento, o Pel de colocar na cadeia "os
meninos" que participam de brigas entre torcidas organizadas
para ficar no jargo esportivo, uma "bola fora".
b) Parece que, o Pel do milsimo gol, que pedia escola para
"esses meninos", tambm era bem mais sbio do que o que
hoje lhes prope "cadeia".
c) Os otimistas olham e dizem: Ah, est meio cheio. Mas os
pessimistas, veem o mesmo copo, a mesma quantidade de
gua e acham que est meio vazio.
d) A pesquisa, descrita na edio de hoje da revista cientfica
britnica "Nature", mais um dado na busca pelos cientistas
de compreender os mecanismos moleculares da embriog-
nese, ou seja, a formao e o desenvolvimento dos seres
vivos.
12) Assinale a alternativa em que o texto esteja corretamente
pontuado:
a) Enquanto eu fazia comigo mesmo aquela reflexo, entrou
na loja um sujeito baixo sem chapu trazendo pela mo, uma
menina de quatro anos.
b) Enquanto eu fazia comigo mesmo aquela reflexo, entrou
na loja, um sujeito baixo, sem chapu, trazendo pela mo,
uma menina de quatro anos.
c) Enquanto eu fazia comigo mesmo aquela reflexo, entrou
na loja um sujeito baixo, sem chapu, trazendo pela mo uma
menina de quatro anos.
d) Enquanto eu, fazia comigo mesmo, aquela reflexo, entrou
na loja um sujeito baixo sem chapu, trazendo pela mo uma
menina de quatro anos.
13) "- Muito bom dia, senhora,
Que nessa janela est;
sabe dizer se possvel algum trabalho encontrar?"
(Joo Cabral de Melo Neto)
No primeiro verso, senhora vem entre vrgulas porque o ter-
mo :
a) um aposto.
b) um sujeito deslocado.
c) um vocativo.
d) um predicativo.
F2PHXFDFKRUURWHPSHGLJUHH
d) Durante o dia, faz muito calor; noite frio. RESPOSTAS
1-C 2-C 3-D 4-A 5-B
9) Assinale a pontuao correta: 6-D 7-C 8-A 9-B 10 - C
11 - D 12 - C 13 - C
a) Sabe, querida quem o vencedor.

63
 Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS FINAIS
Texto para as questes 01 a 06
O liberalismo uma teoria poltica e econmica que ex-
prime os anseios da burguesia. Surge em oposio ao abso-
lutismo dos reis e teoria econmica do mercantilismo, de-
fendendo os direitos da iniciativa privada e restringindo o
mais possvel as atribuies do Estado. Locke foi o primeiro
terico liberal. Presenciou na Inglaterra as lutas pela deposi-
o dos Stuarts, tendo se refugiado na Holanda por questes
polticas. De l regressa quando, vitoriosa a Revoluo de
1688, Guilherme de Orange chamado para consolidar a
nova monarquia parlamentar inglesa. (Maria Lcia de Arruda
Aranha, in Histria da Educao)
1) Segundo o texto, Locke:
a) participou da deposio dos Stuarts.
b) tinha respeito pelo absolutismo.
c) teve participao apenas terica no liberalismo.
d) julgava ser necessrio restringir as atribuies do Estado.
e) no sofreu qualquer tipo de perseguio poltica.
2) Infere-se do texto que os burgueses seriam simpticos:
a) ao absolutismo
b) ao liberalismo
c) s atribuies do Estado
d) perseguio poltica de Locke
e) aos Stuarts
3) A Revoluo de 1688 foi vitoriosa porque:
a) derrubou o absolutismo.
b) implantou o liberalismo.
c) preservou os direitos de iniciativa privada.
d) baseou-se nas ideias liberais de Locke.
e) permitiu que Locke voltasse da Holanda.
7) A polcia ............... no caso e ................. o mistrio.
a) interviu - resolveram
b) interveio - resolveu
c) interveio - resolveste
d) interviu - resolveu
e) interviu - resolveste
8) Assinale a orao em que o verbo est incorretamente
empregado:
a) Ele previu o acidente.
b) Pea-lhe que intervenha a meu favor.
c) Todos se dispuseram a colaborar.
d) Ainda que se prevesse o temporal, a enchente ocorreria.
e) Quando voc o vir, diga-lhe que aguardo sua resposta.
9) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:
a) O futuro do subjuntivo expressa um fato que vai acontecer
relacionado a outro fato futuro.
b) O pretrito mais-que-perfeito expressa um fato anterior a
outro fato que tambm passado.
c) O pretrito imperfeito expressa um fato j concludo em
poca passada.
d) O presente do subjuntivo expressa um fato atual, expri-
mindo suposio, dvida, possibilidade.
e) O futuro do pretrito expressa um fato futuro, mas de for-
ma hipottica em relao a um momento passado.
10) Assinale a alternativa que contm um advrbio de tempo
e de negao:
a) s vezes, no gosto de pensar no passado.
b) Atrs da porta ficava uma cadeira velha.
c) Maria andava apressadamente pelas ruas.
d) Agora s espero que voc volte logo.
e) Possivelmente iremos ao teatro noite.

11 1D RUDomR 3RVVLYHOPHQWH YLUHL DTXL DPDQKm WHPRV

4TXHH[SULPHRVDQVHLRVGDEXUJXHVLD>O'DVDOWe- advrbio de:
raes feitas na passagem acima, aquela que altera substan-
cialmente seu sentido : a) intensidade - tempo - lugar
b) dvida - lugar - tempo
a) a qual expressa os anseios da burguesia. c) modo - lugar - dvida
b) a qual exprime os desejos da burguesia. d) dvida - afirmao - negao
c) que representa os anelos da burguesia. e) afirmao - dvida - lugar
d) que expressa os valores da burguesia.
e) que representa as nsias da burguesia.
12) Nas oraes:

5) A teoria poltica do liberalismo se opunha: I - Vou a Curitiba no prximo ms.

II - Fernanda estuda noite.
a) a parte da burguesia III - Ele a trouxe de Paris.
b) ao mercantilismo IV - Ele beijou a minha mo rapidamente.
c) monarquia parlamentar
d) a Guilherme de Orange temos, respectivamente:
e) ao absolutismo
a) preposio, pronome, preposio, artigo
b) artigo, pronome, preposio, pronome
6) Infere-se do texto que Guilherme de Orange: c) pronome, artigo, pronome, preposio
a) no seria simptico aos burgueses. d) preposio, preposio, pronome, artigo
b) teria ligaes com os reis absolutistas. e) artigo, pronome, pronome, artigo
c) teria ideias liberais.
d) no concordaria com Locke.
e) teria apoiado o exlio de Locke na Holanda. 13) As interjeies caramba! e bravo! indicam estado de:

64
 Lngua Portuguesa
a) desejo - espanto a) Papa - V. S.
b) espanto - aplauso b) Cardeal - V. Em
c) aplauso - dor c) Rei - V. Mag
d) animao - advertncia d) Prncipe - V. A.
e) averso - alegria e) Sacerdote - V. Rev.ma

14) Assinale a alternativa corretamente pontuada: 20) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto colocao pro-
nominal:
a) No gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor de ne-
nhum deles. a) Fiquei observando a mulher que se dirigia portaria.
b) No, gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor de ne- b) Ningum o viu desde ontem.
nhum deles. c) Procurar-me-iam se precisassem de dinheiro.
c) No gosto de alguns, de seus amigos, ou melhor, de ne- d) Me contaram que voc est desempregado.
nhum deles. e) Talvez a encontre na escola.
d) No gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor, de ne-
nhum deles.
e) No, gosto de alguns, de seus amigos, ou melhor, de ne- 21) ........ partir daquele momento, senti que ......... minha
nhum deles. preocupao no era necessria.

a) a - a
15) Assinale a alternativa em que o diminutivo expressa ideia b) - a
afetiva: c) a -
d) -
a) No vou ler este livreco! e) - h
b) Mariana ganhou uma cartilha nova.
c) Joo sempre toma conta de seu irmozinho.
d) Fui multado por aquele guardinha. 22) Assisti ......... uma pea de teatro ........... cinco dias atrs.
e) No lerei este jornaleco.
a) - a
b) a -
16) Assinale a alternativa que preencha corretamente as c) a - h
lacunas das frases abaixo: d) h - a
e) - h
I - Se tu vais a escola, irei ......................... .
II - Mandaram este comunicado para ...... ler.
III - Voc trouxe o caderno ......................... . 23) Assinale o uso incorreto quanto ao uso do acento de
IV - No existe nada entre ..................... e ele. crase:

a) com voc, mim, consigo, eu a) Chegarei casa de meus parentes daqui a uma semana.
b) contigo, mim, com voc, mim b) Joo foi andar cavalo.
c) contigo, eu, consigo, mim c) Gosto de arroz grega.
d) consigo, eu, consigo, mim d) Assisto novela todas as noites.
e) com voc, eu, com voc, eu e) noite, viajaremos tranquilos.

17) Assinale a alternativa que preencha adequadamente 24) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
a orao: lacunas das oraes abaixo:
.............................. bola que est perto de voc minha,
....................... aqui do meu primo. I - Romrio fez um gol ............... Pel.
II - ............... sculos que no a vejo.
a) Aquela esta III - Muita gente veio ............... reunio.
b) Esta - esta IV - Fui assistir ............... um show de Caetano Veloso.
c) Essa essa
d) Essa - esta a) a - h - a - a
e) Esta - aquela b) - - - a
c) a - h - a -
d) a - a - h -
18) O homem ......................... mais admiro o meu pai. e) - h - - a

a) a quem
b) em que 25) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto concordncia
c) do qual verbal:
d) com quem
e) de quem a) Vendem-se casas.
b) Pedro ou Fabiano sair vencedor.
c) Eu, voc e ele jantam cedo.
19) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto a abreviatura do d) As meninas pareciam gostar de doce.
pronome de tratamento correspondente: e) Precisa-se de empregados.

65
 Lngua Portuguesa
 1RYDV 3DODYUDV /LWHUDWXUD JUDPiWLFD UHGDomR H OHitura /
RESPOSTAS Ricardo Leite - So Paulo: FTD, 1997. Outros autores: Emlia
1-D 2-B 3-A 4-D 5E Amaral, Mauro Ferreira, Severino Antnio.
6-C 7-B 8-D 9-C 10 A
11 - B 12 - D 13 - B 14 - D 15 C
16 - C 17 - D 18 - A 19 - C 20 D
21 - A 22 - C 23 - B 24 - E 25 - C
SITES PESQUISADOS

http://www.sandralamego.com/gramatica/exercicios-
regencia-verbal-e-nominal-com-gabarito/#ixzz2Ij9sA8w1
http://isabelacristinaabc.blogspot.com.br/2011/10/exercicios-
BIBLIOGRAFIA concordancia-nominal-e.html
http://www.portalescolar.net/2012/04/portugues-interpretacao-
de-textos-18.html
%HFKDUD(YDQLOGR
Moderna Gramtica Portuguesa Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna,
2005.

&LSUR1HWR3DVTXDOH.
Gramtica da lngua portuguesa / Pasquale & Ulisses - Nova ANOTAES
edio conforme o Acordo Ortogrfico - So Paulo: Scipione,
2008. _________________________________________________

&HJDOOD'RPLQJRV3DVFKRDO _________________________________________________
Novssima Gramtica da Lngua Portuguesa So Paulo:
Companhia Editora Nacional, 2002. ________________________________________________

3DVFKRDOin, Maria Aparecida. _________________________________________________

Gramtica: teoria e exerccios / Paschoalin & Spadoto - So
Paulo: FTD, 1996. _________________________________________________

,QIDQWH8OLVVHV _________________________________________________
Curso de Gramtica Aplicada aos textos So Paulo: Scipione,
1995. _________________________________________________

%DUERVDGH6RX]D-pVXV _________________________________________________
Minigramtica / Jsus & Samira - So Paulo: Saraiva, 1997.
7HUUD(UQDQL _________________________________________________
Minigramtica - So Paulo: Scipione, 1995.
_________________________________________________
$QGUp+LOGHEUDQGR$GH
Gramtica Ilustrada - So Paulo: Moderna, 1997. _________________________________________________

)HUUHLUD0DXUR _________________________________________________
Aprender e praticar gramtica: teoria, snteses das
unidades, atividades prticas, exerccios de vestibulares: 2 _________________________________________________
grau - So Paulo: FTD, 1992.
_________________________________________________
)DULDV$
A interpretao do texto e o pretexto / A. Farias [ e ] Agosti- _________________________________________________
nho Dias Carneiro - Rio de Janeiro: Ao Livro Tcnico, 1979.
_________________________________________________
&HUHMD:LOOLDP5REHUWR
Texto e interao: uma proposta de produo textual _________________________________________________
a partir de gneros e projetos / William Roberto Cereja, The-
reza Cochar Magalhes - So Paulo: Atual, 2000. _______________________________________________________

,QIDQWH8OLVVHV _________________________________________________
Textos: leituras e escritas: literatura, lngua e redao
- So Paulo: Scipione, 2000. ________________________________________________

7HUUD(UQDQL _________________________________________________
Portugus para o ensino mdio: lngua, literatura e produo
de textos: volume nico / Ernani Terra & Jos Nicola, Floriana
Toscano Cavallete. So Paulo: Scipione, 2002.

66
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 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 1
COMEANDO

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
WINDOWS 10 Vamos estudar as principais caractersticas que so cobradas
em prova deste sistema.
Inicialmente veremos os elementos que compem a rea
O Sistema Operacional Windows o Sistema Operacional de Trabalho ou Desktop.
mais utilizado em computadores pessoais de todo mundo. A
Microsoft nalmente lana um Sistema Operacional desenvol-
vido em parceria com usurios atravs do projeto Insider, onde
programadores e pessoas comuns testaram o novo Sistema Ope-
racional Windows Insider Preview da Microsoft por meses.
Um Sistema Operacional o programa (software) que res-
ponsvel pelo gerenciamento das diversas atividades realizadas
pelo computador. Por exemplo, para ouvir uma msica voc
clica duas vezes nela, o Sistema Operacional que carrega o
programa para a memria principal, que por sua vez, carrega a
msica e a executa para voc ouvir.
Um Sistema Operacional com conjunto de rotinas execu-
tada pelo processador (CPU). Estas rotinas variam de acordo
com o ser executado naquele momento. Ele faz a comunicao
entre todos os hardwares e softwares instalados. Por exemplo,
um software aplicativo de edio de texto se comunica com a
impressora atravs do Sistema Operacional.
O Windows 10 um software multitarefa, executa vrias
tarefas no mesmo momento, e multiusurio onde vrios usu-
rios podem executar tarefas no mesmo ambiente. O usurio
pode ser um software instalado no computador ou algum aplica-
tivo WEB, ento vrios usurios, signica que vrios softwares Esta a tela que visualizamos quando o computador ligado
podem executar tarefas, sendo o Sistema Operacional o respon- e composto por: Wallpaper, cone, Boto Iniciar, Barra de
svel por denir a prioridade de qual usurio poder utilizar
Pesquisa, Barra de tarefas, Boto de Viso de Tarefas e rea
um recurso em relao a outro usurio e controla a execuo de
de Noticao.
todas as tarefas concomitantemente.
A empresa que desenvolve o Sistema Operacional Windows Wallpaper
a Microsoft. Ela desenvolveu os Sistemas Operacionais mais
cobrados em concurso pblico, Windows XP, Windows 7 e como chamamos a fotograa que ca no fundo da tela do
Windows 8. computador. Esta foto pode ser alguma que voc tenha no com-
putador ou uma que tenha vindo juntamente com o Windows
Lanado no dia 29 Julho de 2015 o novo Sistema Operacional
(so vrias).
tenta recuperar mercado e conquistar novos usurios, tendo em
vista que o Windows 8 no foi muito bem aceito pelos usurios.
cone
Quem utilizou o Windows 8, mesmo que por pouco tempo,
vai perceber que o Windows 10 uma mesclagem do Windows
7 com o 8. Nesta verso a volta do boto iniciar, que sempre foi
uma marca do Sistema Operacional de Bill Gates, marcada
por novas ferramentas e visual altamente personalizvel, o que
deixa tudo ao seu alcance do jeito que escolher.
Uma das grandes novidades da nova verso do Windows est Na instalao padro do Windows 10 somente o cone da
no fato de que ele ser uma plataforma unicada. Isso signica lixeira exibido, todos os outros que eram exibidos nas verses
que a Microsoft pretende aproximar muito os aplicativos produ- anteriores do Windows cam desativados.
zidos para as plataformas existentes atualmente. De uma maneira
resumida, o mesmo Windows 10 utilizado por computadores
ser o mesmo em tablets, smartphones e outros aparelhos. Boto Iniciar

Verses 32 ou 64 bits Ele est de volta nesta nova verso do Windows.

Os termos 32 bits e 64 bits se referem maneira como o Basta selecionar o boto Iniciar na barra de tarefas. Em seguida,
processador de um computador (tambm chamado de CPU) personalize-o xando aplicativos e programas ou movendo e
processa informaes. A verso de 64 bits do Windows proces-
reagrupando blocos. Se precisar de mais espao, redimensione
sa grandes quantidades de RAM (memria de acesso aleatrio)
o menu Iniciar para aument-lo.
com maior eccia do que um sistema de 32 bits.
Acesse Explorador de Arquivos, Conguraes e outros
Edies do Windows 10 aplicativos usados com frequncia do lado esquerdo do menu
Windows 10 HOME Iniciar. Para ver todos os seus aplicativos e programas, sele-
cione Todos os aplicativos. Sempre que um aplicativo exibir
Windows 10 Pro uma seta direita indica que existem tarefas ou itens especcos
Windows 10 Mobile sobre o aplicativo.
2 = Noes de Informtica A soluo para seu concurso

Ao clicar sobre o boto Iniciar o Menu Iniciar ser exibido SISTEMA:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
em duas partes. A parte da esquerda estaro a sua foto com x Tela > Personalizao do vdeo
seu nome, que permite acesso s conguraes de sua conta
de acesso, os aplicativos mais usados, Explorador de Arquivos x Noticaes e aes > Escolha os cones que aparece-
(Windows Explorer), Conguraes, Ligar/Desligar e Todos ro na rea de noticao
os aplicativos. J do lado direito, chamado de Incio, esto os x Aplicativos e Recursos > Mova os aplicativos para
blocos Live Tiles (aqueles encontrados no menu do Windows outras unidades de disco ou desinstale-os.
8), representando os aplicativos que voc escolher para incio x Multitarefas > Conguraes de ajustes nas janelas e
rpido. reas de trabalho virtuais.
Para personalizar seu Menu Iniciar basta clicar no boto x Modo Tablet > Alterna a visualizao do rea de
Iniciar clicar sobre Todos os aplicativos, escolher os que Trabalho como se fosse um Tablet.
deseja xar como bloco direita e arrast-los para o local dese- x Energia e Suspenso > Congure o tempo para
jado ou clicar sobre ele com o boto direito do mouse e escolher
desligar o monitor e Suspender, assim como outras
Fixar no incio. Para redimensin-los basta clicar com o
conguraes de energia.
boto direito sobre o Tile, para o mouse sobre Redimensionar
e escolher o tamanho do bloco. x Armazenamento > Semelhante ao que vimos em Siste-
mas Operacionais de dispositivos mveis, este recurso
exibe todos as unidades e, escolhendo uma unidade,
possvel ver o que est consumindo o armazenamento.
x Mapas Ofine > Permite fazer o download de mapas e
consultar coordenadas sem estar conectado Internet.
x Aplicativos Padro > Escolha qual programa res-
ponsvel por gerenciar os aplicativos como e-mail,
Visualizador de foto, Player de msica, etc.
x Sobre > Exibe o Nome do computador, domnio,
memria RAM, Processador, Tipo de Sistema, etc.
Permite alterar a chave do Windows, permite ler a
Poltica de Privacidade, Contrato de Servio e Termos
Para remover o Tile da rea Incio basta clicar sobre ele e de Licena de Software Microsoft.
escolher a opo Desaxar do Incio ou arrasta-lo para a parte
da esquerda no Menu Iniciar.
DISPOSITIVOS
Bloqueie o computador, altere as conguraes da conta ou
saia do sistema simplesmente clicando sobre sua foto/nome no x Impressoras e Scanner > Gerencie impressoras e
Menu Iniciar. scanners
Em Conguraes da conta voc pode: gerenciar sua x Dispositivos conectados > Gerencie os dispositivos
conta Microsoft, alterar a foto de perl, entrar com uma conta conectados como mouse, teclado, webcam.
local, denir os diversos modos de senhas e identicaes de x Mouse e Touchpad > Conguraes gerais do seu
entrada, acessos corporativos, incluir, monitorar e personalizar mouse.
as contas de membros da sua famlia para que todos tenham
suas credenciais e rea de trabalho e ainda sincronizar seu x Digitao > Gerencie a correo ortogrca.
Windows 10 em todos os seus dispositivos. A sincronizao x Reproduo automtica > Gerencie como se compor-
permite que voc tenha seu menu iniciar, papel de parede, se- tar o sistema quando uma mdia for conectada.
nhas idnticas em qualquer dispositivo que esteja executando
o Windows 10.
REDE E INTERNET
Este recursos tambm podem ser acessados clicando em
x Uso de dados > Permite monitorar a quantidade e quais
Iniciar > Conguraes > Conta. aplicativos esto utilizando sua rede.
x VPN > Permite congurar uma VPN (Virtual Personal
Em Iniciar > Conguraes possvel acessar:
Network)
x Conexo Discada > Permite congurar uma nova
conexo discada (Dial-Up)
x Ethernet > Permite congurar sua conexo cabeada,
Ethernet.
x Proxy > Permite congurar um servidor Proxy para
sua rede.

PERSONALIZAO
x Tela de fundo > Congure seu papel de parede
x Cores > Escolha uma cor para as Barras de ttulo das
janelas.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 3
x Tela de bloqueio > Escolha uma foto para ser exibida x Rdio > Permitir que aplicativos controlem Rdios.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
como tela de bloqueio x Outros dispositivos > Permite que seus aplicativos
x Temas > Personalize cores, ponteiro do mouse, cones sejam sincronizados e compartilhem informaes
da rea de trabalho e sons para eventos. automaticamente.
x Iniciar > Conguraes para o Menu Iniciar como x Comentrios e diagnsticos > Controla a quantidade
exibi-lo em tela cheia. de dados de diagnstico e uso do Windows enviado
Microsoft do seu dispositivo.
x Aplicativo em segundo plano > Escolha os aplicativos
CONTA
que cam ativos mesmo quando no estivem em uso.
x Exatamente como vimos em Conguraes da conta
clicando sobre a foto no Menu Iniciar.
ATUALIZAO E SEGURANA
x Windows Update > Mantm seu dispositivo atualiza-
HORA E IDIOMA
do. Permite congurar como e quando o Windows ir
x Data e hora > Conguraes gerais de data e hora do procurar por atualizaes.
sistema. x Windows Defender > Ajuda a manter os malware
x Regio e Idioma > Permite fazer conguraes de afastados do seu computador. Impede a instalao e
idiomas e denir o pas. execuo destes softwares.
x Fala > Congura o idioma que voc falar com o x Backup > Ferramenta para realizar e recuperar um
dispositivo, a voz do aplicativo e conguraes de backup.
microfone e outros relacionados ao som. x Recuperao > Restaura o seu PC para funcionar
exatamente como estava em um determinado dia.
FACILIDADE DE ACESSO (ACESSIBILIDADE) Inicialize a partir de um dispositivo ou disco.

x Narrador > O Narrador um leitor de tela que l todos x Ativao > Exibe a edio do Sistema operacional e
os elementos da tela e botes. se ele encontra-se ativado. possvel ainda Alterar a
Chave do Produto.
x Lupa > Aumenta o tamanho do texto ao passar do
x Para desenvolvedores > Ativa recursos do desenvol-
mouse.
vedor.
x Alto contraste > Personalize para exibir o texto em
cores forte e destacveis.
TODOS OS APLICATIVOS
x Teclado > Exibe conguraes do seu teclado fsico e
o virtual. Exibe uma lista, em ordem alfanumrica, de todos os pro-
gramas instalados no computadores.
x Mouse > Permite escolher o tamanho e a cor do mouse
e ativa as teclas setas para mover o mouse.
x Outras opes > Permite alterar opes visuais como Barra de pesquisa
animaes e tela de fundo no Windows, escolher o Execute pesquisas rapidamente digitando o texto na caixa de
tempo de noticaes, espessura do cursor e notica- pesquisa. possvel procurar aplicativos instalados, arquivos
es visuais. ou pastas. Clicando com o boto direito do mouse sobre a barra,
parando o mouse sobre pesquisar dena o layout como Barra de
pesquisa, cone ou oculto.
PRIVACIDADE
x Geral > Altera opes de privacidade.
Boto viso de Tarefas
x Localizao > Ativa a opo de exibio de localiza-
o geogrca. Uma das novidades do Windows 10 o boto Viso de tare-
fas na Barra de Tarefas. Clicando neste boto voc ver todas as
x Cmera > Escolher quais aplicativos podem usar sua janelas abertas sendo exibidas em miniaturas.
cmera.
x Microfone > Escolher quais aplicativos podem usar o
microfone Barra de Tarefas
x Fala, escrita tinta e digitao > Conguraes do a barra que ca na parte inferior do monitor na instalao
aplicativo Cortana e outros conguraes. padro. Nela cam abrigados o boto iniciar, barra de pesquisa,
boto viso de tarefas, barra de idiomas e a rea de noticao.
x Informaes da conta > Congura o compartilhamento
de suas informaes pessoais.
rea de noticao
x Contatos > Dena quais aplicativos podem acessar os
Contatos. A rea de noticao exibe todos os recados que o
Windows necessita te informar como Backup a fazer, antivrus
x Calendrio > Dena quais aplicativos podem acessar desatualizado, problemas de segurana com o Firewall, etc.
o Calendrio. Tambm so exibidos cones do sistema como status da sua
x Sistema de mensagem > permite que aplicativos leiam conexo com a Internet, controle de volume do udio, bateria,
e enviem mensagens de texto ou MMS. pendrive, etc. O relgio do Windows 10 exibe a data e hora e
4 = Noes de Informtica A soluo para seu concurso

voc pode congurar para que ele seja ajustado pela Internet. No Windows 10 voc pode maximizar uma janela clicando

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
J a Barra de Idiomas mostra qual a disposio das teclas do com o mouse na sua barra de ttulo, mantendo o boto pres-
seu teclado em relao ao idioma. Se seu teclado possui a tecla sionado, arrestando a janela at que o mouse encostar na parte
ento seu teclado deve ser congurado como Portugus superior no monitor. Para restaurar basta clicar na barra de ttulo
Brasil e ABNT2, e na barra de idioma aparecer PT, como na da janela e puxar a janela para baixo.
gura abaixo. J se seu teclado no possui esta tecla seu teclado
O ltimo boto o fechar, boto com um X, basta clicar
dever ser congurado no idioma Ingls (Estados Unidos) e
neste boto e a janela ser fechada.
Internacional e Barra de Idioma exibir EN.
Na parte esquerda da barra de ttulo h um cone represen-
tando o programa que est sendo exibido naquela janela, no
Janelas caso do Explorador de Arquivos no haver cone, este cone
Falamos algumas vezes em janela, mas o que o como se chama caixa de menu de controle. Clicando sobre o cone do
funciona? programa, ou no espao em branco na parte esquerda da barra
na janela do Windows Explorer, exibido um menu com as
Uma janela a forma como os programas so exibidos. o
opes de controle da janela (minimizar, maximizar, restaurar,
quadrado onde podemos ver os textos, planilhas, pginas Web,
mover, tamanho e fechar). Atalho de teclado para este menu
fotos, lmes, etc.
ALT + BARRA DE ESPAO. possvel ainda utilizar o te-
clado para navegar entre as janelas abertas. Utilizando as teclas
ALT + TAB o sistema mostra todas as janelas abertas e cada
vez que pressiona a tecla TAB, sem soltar o dedo no ALT,
exibido uma uma todas as janelas abertas. Uma miniatura da
janela exibido no centro da tela, quando checar a janela que
voc precisa basta soltar o dedo do ALT a ela se maximizar se
tornando ativa.
Outra forma de navegar entre as janelas atravs do teclado
utilizando as teclas ALT + ESC, diferentemente do modo
anterior, ao pressionar as teclas mencionadas as janelas so
maximizadas automaticamente, no h a opo de escolha da
janela, sequencialmente as janelas so exibidas aps cada toque
que se d no ESC com o ALT pressionado.
A terceira forma utilizando um recurso do Windows 7
chamado AERO, com ele possvel visualizar as miniaturas das
janela e escolher para qual se deseja ir, semelhante ao primeiro
Uma janela possui a caixa menu de controle (1), barra de modo, utiliza-se as teclas WinKey + TAB.
ttulo (2), botes de controle (3,4 e 5) e barras de deslocamento Quando h muitas janelas maximizadas e necessitar mini-
vertical e horizontal (6).
mizar todas elas, menos a janela ativa, basta clicar na barra de
Pela barra de ttulos podemos ver qual o programa que est ttulo e chacoalhar a janela, desta forma todas as outras sero
sendo executado naquela janela e o nome do arquivo. minimizadas. Se zer novamente este procedimento todas as
So trs botes responsveis pelo controle de uma janela: janelas voltaro ao seu estado anterior, ou seja, as que estavam
minimizar, restaurar/maximizar e fechar. maximizadas voltam nesta condio e modo semelhante as
janelas restauradas voltaro a este layout. No teclado basta
utilizar as teclas WinKey + HOME para minimizar todas as
janelas, menos a ativa. Pressionando novamente este dupla de
tecla todas as janelas voltaro ao seu estado anterior.
O boto minimizar reduzir a janela em seu tamanho mni-
mo que o boto na barra de tarefas, ela no ser mais exibida No Windows 10 uma das novidades a rea de traba-
at que voc clique no boto referente ao programa para que a lho virtual, onde possvel criar novas reas de trabalho
janela volte ao seu estado anterior exibindo seu contedo. lado-a-lado, e organizar de forma melhor suas tarefas e
atividades.
O boto do meio, restaurar/maximizar, tem duas funes e
sua imagem tambm altera conforme sua situao.
Quando uma janela est maximizada ela est em tamanho Outros atalhos de teclado:
mximo preenchendo todo o espao existente do monitor, tanto WinKey + Tab o Abre a visualizao das reas virtuais e
nas laterais quanto na parte superior e inferior do monitor. A ja- mostra apenas as janelas abertas no desktop atual.
nela ca completamente encostada ou encaixada nas bordas do
monitor e seu cone representado por duas caixas sobrepostas, Alt + Tab o Navega entre as janelas abertas no desktop
uma sobre a outra. atual e permite alternar entre elas. Ao soltar o atalho, a janela
selecionada exibida em primeiro plano.
Quando a janela encontra-se restaurada, signica que ela
est desencaixada do monitor ela est solta utuando e pode WinKey + Ctrl + D o Cria um novo desktop virtual e
ser redimensionada para qualquer tamanho e tambm pode ser alterna para ele.
movida para qualquer posio da sua rea de trabalho. Somente
WinKey + Ctrl + F4 o Fecha o desktop virtual que est
as janelas restauradas podem ser movidas e redimensionadas
sendo usado.
e seu cone uma caixa (quadrado). possvel maximizar e
restaurar uma janela apenas efetuando um duplo clique com o WinKey + Ctrl + tecla direcionais esquerda/direita o
mouse na barra de ttulo. Alterna entre os desktops virtuais
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 5
Agrupe aplicativos em reas de trabalho O Explorador do Windows exibe todos os dispositivos (drives)

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Agrupe aplicativos para o que voc quiser criando reas de existentes e quando selecionado no lado esquerdo, exibe todo
trabalho virtuais. Selecione Viso de tarefas na barra de tarefas o seu contedo do lado direito. possvel alterar a forma de
e depois Nova rea de trabalho e abra os aplicativos de que exibir os objetos do lado direito em cones extra grandes, cones
precisa. grandes, cones mdios, cones pequenos, lista, detalhes, lado a
lado e contedo.
Para mover aplicativos entre reas de trabalho virtuais,
selecione Viso de tarefas e arraste o aplicativo que quiser de Quando o Explorador de Arquivos for aberto, voc entrar
uma rea de trabalho para outra. Ou crie outra rea de trabalho no Acesso rpido. Esse o lugar onde voc encontra os arquivos
virtual arrastando um aplicativo para a Nova rea de trabalho. em que esteve trabalhando e as pastas usadas com frequncia.
Estas so algumas maneiras de personalizar o Acesso rpido:
x Fixe uma pasta l para t-la sempre mo. Clique com o
boto direito do mouse (ou pressione e segure) na pasta e
selecione Fixar no Acesso rpido.
x Remova um arquivo ou pasta do Acesso rpido (como a lista
de presentes de aniversrio para Stan). Basta clicar com o
boto direito e selecionar Remover do Acesso rpido. O
arquivo (ou pasta) no aparecer mais l, mesmo se voc
us-lo todos os dias.
x Desative arquivos recentes e pastas frequentes, para que
somente suas pastas xas apaream no Acesso rpido. Se-
lecione Exibir > Opes e, em Privacidade, desmarque as
caixas de seleo e selecione Aplicar. (Se voc reativa-los
mais tarde, os itens removidos do Acesso rpido (como a
lista de presentes de Stan) podem aparecer l novamente.)

Continuum e touch
OneDrive no seu computador
Use seu computador como um tablet
OneDrive um armazenamento online gratuito que vem
O modo tablet deixa o Windows mais fcil e intuitivo de com sua conta da Microsoft e est integrado ao Explorador de
usar com touch em dispositivos tipo conversveis, ou quando Arquivos. Para saber mais, conra OneDrive no seu computador.
voc no quer usar teclado e mouse. Para ativar o modo tablet,
selecione central de aes na barra de tarefas e selecione Modo
tablet. Transra coisas para seu computador, telefone e tablet
No modo tablet, o menu Iniciar e os aplicativos (incluindo Tenha suas msicas, fotos e arquivos em seu computador,
programas antigos) so abertos em tela inteira, o que oferece a telefone e tablet automaticamente, mesmo se voc tiver um
voc mais espao para trabalhar. Para usar dois aplicativos lado telefone ou tablet Android, um iPhone ou um iPad. O aplicativo
a lado, arraste um aplicativo para um lado. Voc ver onde ele Complemento para Telefone no Windows 10 ajudar voc a
ser ajustado, juntamente com qualquer aplicativo que estiver fazer a congurao para que seu contedo esteja em todos os
aberto que possa se ajustar do lado dele. Use o boto Voltar na seus dispositivos, sem a necessidade de cabos!
barra de tarefas para entrar novamente em um aplicativo ou para Basta abrir Complemento para Telefone em Iniciar >
voltar ao aplicativo anterior que voc estava usando. Quando Todos os aplicativos ou pesquisar Complemento para Telefone
tiver terminado de trabalhar em um deles, arraste o aplicativo na caixa de pesquisa na barra de tarefas.
para a parte inferior da tela para fech-lo.

Suas coisas esto l, em todos os seus dispositivos

Programas Embutidos
Veja o que estar disponvel no seu computador, telefone e
Alguns programas j vm instalados juntamente com o tablet assim que as conguraes estiverem prontas:
Windows, estes programas so chamados de acessrios. Os
Fotos. Com a opo de upload de cmera no aplicativo One-
programas acessrios tm funcionalidades diversas e servem
Drive, todas as fotos tiradas no seu telefone ou tablet tambm
para auxiliar em algumas tarefas do dia-a-dia, manuteno do
aparecero automaticamente no aplicativo Fotos do computador
computador, etc.
Windows 10.
Memorizar quais so estes programas uma boa prtica de
Msica. Salve seus arquivos de msica no OneDrive e
estudo, em vrias questes de concurso pblico foram solicita-
reproduza-os em qualquer lugar, gratuitamente.
dos informaes sobre estes programas.
Anotaes e documentos do Ofce. Faa uma anotao no
OneNote em seu computador, telefone ou tablet, e todos estaro
Explorador do Windows sincronizados. O mesmo vale para documentos do Ofce. No
Para ver todos os arquivos no computador, selecione o cone h a necessidade de mover arquivos ou mesclar alteraes mais
do Explorador de Arquivos na barra de tarefas ou pressione a tarde.
tecla do logotipo do Windows + E no teclado. Aplicativos que funcionam em qualquer lugar
Questes envolvendo o Windows Explorer so facilmente O Complemento para Telefone tambm mostrar como con-
encontradas em provas sobre Windows. gurar outros aplicativos que funcionam em seus dispositivos:
6 = Noes de Informtica A soluo para seu concurso

Outlook. Tenha seu email, calendrio, contatos e arquivos Quando plugamos um pendrive na porta USB o Windows o

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de todas as suas contas no aplicativo Outlook para telefone ou detecta atravs do sistema plug in play, mapeia este dispositivo
tablet Android, iPhone ou iPad. atribuindo a ele uma letra e desta forma possvel acessa-lo
Skype. Faa chamadas de vdeo e envie mensagens gratui- para manipular qualquer objeto para ele ou retirar dele. Os
tamente por Wi-Fi. cartes de memria funcionam da mesma forma.
Alm dos comandos Recortar (CTRL+X), Copiar
(CTRL+C) e Colar (CTRL+V) possvel manipular arquivos,
pastas ou programas diretamente arrastando e soltando estes
objetos do local de origem para o local de destino utilizando o
mouse. Para isso o Windows estabelece uma regra que deve ser
observado:

x Quando os locais de origem e destino estiverem dentro

do mesmo drive o Windows movimenta o objeto sele-
cionado quando arrastado com o mouse.
x Quando os locais de origem e destino estiverem em
drives diferentes o Windows copiar o objeto quando
arrastado pelo mouse.
Vamos exemplicar dizendo que um arquivo currculo.
docx est na biblioteca documentos e voc arrasta e solta para
o seu pendrive. Lembrando que cada local de armazenamento
(dispositivo) o Windows cria um drive diferente, desta forma, o
pendrive um drive diferente do HD, onde cam armazenadas
suas bibliotecas. Utilizando as regras acima podemos concluir
que o arquivo currculo.docx ser copiado para o pendrive em
virtude de serem drives ou dispositivos diferentes.
Sempre que eu quiser criar um atalho (link) basta pressionar
a tecla (ALT) enquanto arrasto o objeto, desta forma o Windo-
ws no ir mover nem copiar, ser criado um link do local de
origem para o local de destino.
A rea de Transferncia uma rea de armazenamento
temporrio de informaes que voc copiou ou moveu de um
lugar e planeja usar em algum outro lugar.
Voc pode selecionar texto ou elementos grcos e, em
seguida, usar os comandos Recortar ou Copiar para enviar sua
seleo para a rea de Transferncia, onde ela ser armazenada
at que voc use o comando Colar para inseri-la em algum outro
local.

CLICAR ARRASTAR E SOLTAR

(DRAG AND DROP)

MESMO DRIVE DRIVE DISTINTO

MOVIMENTA COPIA

CTRL COPIA SHIFT MOVIMENTA

ALT CRIA ATALHO ALT CRIA ATALHO

Para deletar um arquivo basta clicar sobre ele com o boto

primrio do mouse e pressionar a tecla DEL ou DELETE no
teclado e o Windows te questionar se deseja realmente enviar
o objeto selecionado para a lixeira. Repare que somente os
arquivos armazenados nos discos rgidos (HD) so enviados
para a lixeira, arquivos que estiverem em cartes de memria,
pendrive ou em outros computadores o arquivo ser excludo
permanentemente.
O Windows cria um Drive, identicado por uma letra, para Os objetos que estiverem na lixeira podero ser restaurados
cada dispositivo de armazenamento conectado a ele. Na gura a qualquer momento at que se esvazie a lixeira. Para restaurar
acima temos trs Discos Rgidos letras C:, D:, e E:, o drive de um objeto basta selecionar e clicar em restaurar na barra de
DVD F:, um disco removvel G: e um Pendrive H:, todos estes so ferramentas do Windows Explorer e o objeto voltar ao local de
locais onde possvel armazenas programas, pastas e arquivos. origem antes de ser deletado.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 7
Diferena entre Arquivos

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A verso em seu computador est fora de sincronia. Para
Cada aplicativo cria um tipo de arquivo diferente de outro descobrir o motivo, v para o lado direito da barra de tarefas,
aplicativo. Editores de texto geram tipos de arquivos que no clique com o boto direito do mouse (ou pressione e segure) no
ser abertos por tocadores de msica. Existem arquivos de fotos, cone OneDrive e selecione Exibir problemas de sincroni-
lmes, apresentaes Power Point, planilhas, etc. zao.
Cada aplicativo cria seu prprio tipo e so identicados por
algumas letras inseridas automaticamente pelo Sistema Ope- Grupo Domstico
racional no nal do nome que voc atribuiu ao arquivo. Dois
arquivos com o mesmo nome e mesma extenso no podem Para facilitar o compartilhamento de arquivos e impresso-
car na mesma pasta. ras o Windows 10 trs uma congurao que muito til, o
grupo domstico. Sempre que voc congurar um conexo
Alguns caracteres especiais no podero ser utilizados para de rede como sendo domestica ser possvel criar um senha
nomear uma pasta ou arquivo: e todos os dispositivos conectados nesta rede podero trocar
\ / ? : * > < | informaes facilmente, isto porque o prprio Windows con-
gura sua rede.
Alguns nomes, utilizados pelo Sistema Operacional, tam-
bm no podem ser utilizados para nomear pastas ou arquivos.
CON, PRN, AUX, CLOCK$, NUL, COM0, COM1, Windows Backup
COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, O Windows 7 tambm trs juntamente com a restaurao de
COM9, LPT0, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, sistema uma congurao de backup aumentando a segurana
LPT7, LPT8, LPT9 dos seus dados.
Quanto a quantidade de caracteres possveis para se nomear
um arquivo isso depende do tamanho do caminho completo para Browser navegador Microsoft Edge
o nome que arquivo ter (como C:\usurio\nome_do_usuario\
documentos\nome do arquivo.extenso). O Windows limita O Microsoft Edge o primeiro navegador que permite fazer
um nico caminho a 260 caracteres. por isso que voc pode, anotaes, escrever, rabiscar e realar diretamente em pginas
ocasionalmente, encontrar um erro ao copiar um arquivo com da Web. Use a lista de leitura para salvar seus artigos favoritos
um nome muito longo para um local que possua um caminho para mais tarde e l-los no modo de leitura
mais longo do que o local original do arquivo. Onde voc pode digitar, tambm pode escrever
O Microsoft Edge no o nico aplicativo em que voc
Principais aplicativos acessrios e suas extenses pode escrever. Use sua caneta eletrnica, o dedo ou o mouse
para escrever em todos os lugares onde antes voc digitava.
Bloco de Notas: .txt, .sys, .bat, .html
Ou simplesmente rabisque no OneNote. No contaremos a
Paint: .png, .bmp, .jpg, .gif, .tiff ningum.
WordPad: .rtf, .docx, .odt e .txt
Windows Hello
Pacote Ofce 2007, 2010, 2013 e 2016 Se ele estiver disponvel em seu dispositivo, o Windows
MS Word: .docx, .dotx, .rtf, .txt, .pdf Hello mudar o modo de entrar no sistema ele usa seu rosto ou
impresso digital em vez de uma senha. V para Conguraes
MS Excel: .xlsx, .pdf > Contas > Opes de entrada para congur-lo.
MS Power Point: .pptx, .ppsx, .pdf
Todas as suas fotos em um s lugar
Impresso de documentos O aplicativo Fotos rene todas as suas fotos e vdeos em
possvel instalar e congurar vrias impressoras no Win- um nico local. De seu telefone, computador e OneDrive. Em
dows 10. Entre todas as impressoras instaladas sempre haver seguida, ele organiza suas memrias em lbuns para voc apro-
uma impressora padro. O Windows mantm todas as impres- veitar e compartilhar.
ses a serem realizadas na chamada la de impresso, esta la
est disponvel em Iniciar, Painel de Controle, Hardware e Sons Proteja seu computador
e em Impressora. Clicando duas vezes sobre a impressora que se
mandou imprimir e a la ser exibida. Nesta la possvel ver O Windows 10 est mais seguro e protegido graas ao Win-
seu status, o proprietrio do documento, as pginas a serem im- dows Defender e ao Firewall do Windows. Quando voc inicia
pressas e possvel cancelar, exibir, reiniciar, pausar, continuar o Windows 10 pela primeira vez, o Windows Defender est
ou cancelar os trabalhos de impresso. ativado e trabalhando para proteger seu computador procurando
por software mal-intencionado. Ele ser desligado automatica-
mente se voc instalar outro aplicativo antivrus.
Sincronizao das pastas
O Windows 10 sincroniza automaticamente suas pastas do O Windows Defender usa proteo em tempo real para
computador com seu OneDrive e identica de forma fcil o que vericar tudo o que voc baixa ou executa no seu computador.
est sincronizado. Desative a proteo em tempo real temporariamente indo para
Est sincronizado com a verso online
Iniciar e selecionando Conguraes > Atualizao e
Est entrando em sincronia segurana > Windows Defender.
8 = Noes de Informtica A soluo para seu concurso

O Firewall do Windows ltra informaes que chegam ao Escreva em pginas da Web

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seu computador da Internet, bloqueando programas potencial- O Microsoft Edge o nico navegador que permite que voc
mente prejudiciais. Para desativ-lo, v para a caixa de pesquisa
faa anotaes, gravaes, rabiscos e realces diretamente em
e digite rewall. Em seguida, selecione Firewall do Windows >
pginas da Web. Em seguida, voc pode salvar e compartilhar
Ativar ou desativar o Firewall do Windows.
seu trabalho de todas as formas usuais. Faa anotaes em
receitas, envie dicas sutis a seu parceiro sobre presentes de
Windows Hello aniversrio ou apenas desenhe bigodes em celebridades. A Web
O Windows Hello uma maneira mais pessoal de entrar em agora sua tela de pintura.
dispositivos que usam o Windows 10. Basta seu olhar ou touch. Selecione Criar uma anotao Web para comear a
Voc receber segurana de nvel empresarial sem precisar adicionar pgina em que voc est.
digitar uma senha.
Como o Windows Hello mantm minhas informaes em
particular? Use a Caneta para escrever com sua tela touch ou mouse,
Realce, ou Digite uma anotao e Compartilhe-a.
A maioria dos computadores com leitores de impresso
digital j est pronta para usar o Windows Hello, e mais dis-
positivos que podem reconhecer sua face e ris sero lanados Leve sua leitura com voc
em breve.
A lista de leitura oferece um local para salvar artigos ou
V para Iniciar e selecione Conguraes > Contas > outro contedo que voc queira ler mais tarde no nibus, no
Opes de entrada para congurar o Windows Hello. Em Win- nal de semana, sempre que desejar.
dows Hello, voc ver opes para face, impresso digital ou
ris se o computador tiver um leitor de impresso digital ou uma Basta selecionar Adicionar aos favoritos ou lista de leitura
cmera compatvel. Depois de tudo congurado, basta voc > Lista de leitura > Adicionar. Quando voc estiver pronto para
passar o dedo ou olhar rapidamente para entrar. ler, v para o Hub e selecione Lista de leitura.
Observao: Um PIN poder ser solicitado antes de voc
congurar o Windows Hello. Leia com menos distraes
Para um layout limpo e simples, selecione Modo de leitura
Conhea o Microsoft Edge na barra de endereos para trazer tudo o que voc est lendo
Bem-vindo mais nova maneira de navegar na Web! O para frente e para o centro. Voc pode at mesmo alterar o
Microsoft Edge proporciona a voc novas maneiras de encon- estilo do modo de leitura e o tamanho da fonte conforme suas
trar contedo, ler e escrever na Web. Para continuar, selecione preferncias. Selecione Mais aes > Conguraes.
Microsoft Edge na barra de tarefas.
Como funciona o Filtro SmartScreen?
Hub: todas as suas coisas em um s local medida que voc usa o Microsoft Edge, o Filtro
Pense no Hub como o local onde o Microsoft Edge mantm SmartScreen bloqueia automaticamente sites e downloads
os itens que voc coleta na Web. Selecione Hub para exibir de contedo reconhecidamente mal-intencionados. O Mi-
seus favoritos, a lista de leitura, o histrico de navegao e os crosoft Edge avisar voc quando uma pgina da Web tiver
downloads atuais. sido bloqueada por ser reconhecidamente mal-intenciona-
Procurando seus favoritos? No Hub, escolha Favoritos e da. O Microsoft Edge baixar periodicamente uma lista de
selecione Importar Favoritos. URLs mal-intencionadas da Microsoft. Quando uma URL
for bloqueada, voc ser redirecionado para uma pgina
Pesquise mais rpido na barra de endereos
da Web da Microsoft que receber informaes padro do
Voc no precisa acessar um site para procurar imagens de computador e a URL da pgina que hospeda o contedo
pinguins fofos. Economize tempo e energia inserindo uma pes- mal-intencionado.
quisa prtica e conveniente na barra de endereos. No mesmo
Para alterar as conguraes do Filtro SmartScreen, v
instante, voc receber sugestes de pesquisa, resultados da
at Mais aes > Conguraes e, em Conguraes
Internet e seu histrico de navegao.
avanadas, selecione Exibir conguraes avanadas e, em
Privacidade e servios, ative ou desative a congurao
Ajude a me proteger de sites e downloads mal-intencionados
com o Filtro SmartScreen.

InPrivate no Microsoft Edge

Quando voc usa o Microsoft Edge no modo InPrivate, as
informaes de navegao, como cookies, histrico ou arquivos
temporrios, no so salvas no seu dispositivo aps o encerra-
mento da sua sesso de navegao. O Microsoft Edge limpa
todos os dados temporrios do seu dispositivo.
Para iniciar uma nova sesso de navegao InPrivate, v at
Mais aes > Nova janela InPrivate.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 9
Conhea o aplicativo Xbox a lado, arraste um aplicativo para um lado. Voc ver onde ele

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Se voc novo ou veterano no Xbox, o aplicativo Xbox ser ajustado, juntamente com qualquer aplicativo que estiver
o lugar certo para jogar, encontrar ou fazer novos amigos e aberto que possa se ajustar do lado dele. Use o boto Voltar
acumular conquistas. na barra de tarefas para entrar novamente em um aplicativo ou
para voltar ao aplicativo anterior que voc estava usando. Quan-
No tem um Xbox One? No tem problema. Voc no pre- do tiver terminado de trabalhar em um deles, arraste o aplicativo
cisa de um para usar o aplicativo ou executar jogos da Loja. Se para a parte inferior da tela para fech-lo.
voc tiver um Xbox One, todas as suas conquistas, atividades,
histrico de jogo e amigos acompanham voc ao seu computa- Para saber mais sobre como usar o toque, consulte Use o
dor quando voc entrar com a mesma conta da Microsoft que toque com o Windows.
usa para entrar no seu Xbox.
Conra! V para Iniciar > Xbox . Use o touch com o Windows
Navegue pelo Windows mais rapidamente com gestos de
Acompanhe seus jogos favoritos tela touch ou touchpad. Ou, se voc prefere o modo tradicional,
d uma olhada nos novos atalhos de teclado.
D uma olhada na pgina de hub de jogos e encontre seu jogo
favorito. Voc ver o quanto est perto de obter as conquistas Tente passar o dedo na tela para obter as informaes de que
do jogo e poder ver clipes de jogos que outros jogadores do precisa mais rapidamente. Para passar o dedo na tela, deslize
Xbox zeram. Selecione Incio e, em seguida, escolha um jogo rapidamente o dedo por ela.
na lista de jogos recentes para abrir o hub.
Oua o texto lido em voz alta com o Narrador
O que um gamertag? O Narrador l o texto na tela do computador em voz alta
Um gamertag seu alter ego no mundo do Xbox. Ele e descreve eventos, como noticaes ou compromissos do
formado por um alias, avatar (ou imagem) opcional e um pouco calendrio, para que voc possa usar seu computador sem um
de informaes para representar voc quando estiver jogando e vdeo. Para iniciar ou fechar o Narrador, pressione a tecla do
compartilhando com outras pessoas da comunidade do Xbox. logotipo do Windows + Enter.
Para ver todos os comandos do Narrador, pressione Caps
Como obter um Lock + F1 depois que voc abrir o Narrador, ou toque trs vezes
Ser criado um gamertag para voc em seu primeiro acesso a tela touch usando quatro dedos.
ao aplicativo Xbox. V para Iniciar Para usar Caps Lock enquanto voc estiver usando o Narra-
dor, pressione rapidamente a tecla Caps Lock duas vezes.
> Xbox .
Se voc no gostar de seu gamertag, que vontade para al-
Snip, nova ferramenta de prints e anotaes do Windows
ter-lo uma vez de graa. Abra o aplicativo Xbox e selecione-o 10
para abrir seu perl. Em seguida, v para Personalizar > Alterar
gamertag e siga as instrues. O Snip uma ferramenta nativa do Windows 10 que ajuda a
tirar prints. O recurso acaba com a diculdade que os usurios
Se voc j tiver um gamertag, entre no aplicativo Xbox tinham em capturar imagens da tela, algo que concorrentes
com a mesma conta usada para entrar no Xbox. Dessa forma, como o OS X sempre se destacaram com a facilidade.
seu histrico de jogos, amigos, conquistas e atividades estaro
aguardando por voc no aplicativo Xbox. H duas maneiras de tirar prints com o Snip: clicando na
janela utuante do app na tela ou usando o boto dedicado no
teclado. Em ambos os casos, o usurio v um cursor que permite
Encontre amigos delimitar a rea exata de captura, bastando, para isso, clicar e
possvel localizar uma pessoa especca no Xbox pes- arrastar o ponteiro do mouse.
quisando pelo gamertag dela. Se voc for iniciante no Xbox Para capturar exatamente o que se deseja, a ferramenta
ou ainda no estiver familiarizado sobre como fazer amigos, oferece uma lupa digital. Com o zoom, possvel posicionar o
faremos uma correspondncia entre voc e algumas pessoas que mouse no pixel correto e, assim, capturar a imagem da tela com
voc possa conhecer ou compartilhar seus interesses. mais detalhes possveis.
Se voc souber o gamertag de um amigo, v para Iniciar
> Xbox , digite-o na caixa de pesquisa na parte superior Editando prints
da sua lista de amigos e pressione Enter. Selecione Adicionar
Assim que um print tirado, a imagem vai parar dentro do
amigo para adicion-lo como um amigo ao Xbox.
Snip, em uma biblioteca prpria de imagens. L, o usurio pode
exclui-las ou dar um duplo-clique para expandir o screenshot e
Use seu computador como um tablet incluir anotaes.
O modo tablet deixa o Windows mais fcil e intuitivo de usar H pincis de vrias cores e tamanhos para fazer marcaes,
com touch em dispositivos tipo conversveis, ou quando voc no o que ajuda em relatrios e catalogao de sites para estudos.
quer usar teclado e mouse. Para ativar o modo tablet, selecione A barra de ferramentas do Snip tambm oferece botes de
central de aes na barra de tarefas e selecione Modo tablet. borracha, alm do recurso copiar, que coloca a imagem na rea
No modo tablet, o menu Iniciar e os aplicativos (incluindo de transferncia do Windows.
programas antigos) so abertos em tela inteira, o que oferece a Use os pincis coloridos para fazer marcaes no print
voc mais espao para trabalhar. Para usar dois aplicativos lado Desenhando
10 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Abra a funo Whiteboard para desenhar Local > Habilita rastreamento pela WEB.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
O Snip tambm serve para fazer desenhos livres, como no
Paint. Basta clicar no cone central da janela pop-up do app
para abrir uma tela em branco, com espao suciente para fazer
todo tipo de rabisco com pincis coloridos. No nal, possvel
clicar em Copy para colocar o desenho criado direto na rea
de transferncias ou colar em outro aplicativo. Use o Snip para
desenhar como no Paint

Capturando fotos da webcam

Acesse a ferramenta de captura da webcam
O terceiro boto da interface do Snip abre uma janela para
a webcam integrada ou para qualquer outra cmera ligada ao
computador. Voc pode tirar fotos de si mesmo, anotar e rabiscar
na imagem livremente. uma maneira simples, por exemplo,
de obter uma foto sua para a conta de usurio do Windows 10.

Clique em Record para fazer comentrios com a voz

Em qualquer print, desenho ou foto da webcam, o Snip per-
mite ainda gravar comentrios usando a voz. Dedicado a quem
est fazendo chamentos e relatrios, o recurso tem um boto
prprio no menu superior e pode ser usado quantas vezes quiser
para criar uma narrao sobre a imagem. No nal, voc pode
dar Play para ver o resultado.

D play para ouvir seu comentrio do print em vdeo.

Salvando e compartilhando. Envie prints por e-mail
Os prints so salvos por padro como PNG e podem ser
armazenados na rea de transferncia (boto Copy) ou
em pastas do sistema (boto Save). O boto Compartilhar
permite enviar a imagem por e-mail usando um aplicativo de
mensagens padro do Windows 10, que pode ser o Outlook.
com, o Mail ou outro instalado e congurado pelo usurio.

Cortana
Uma das maiores novidades do Windows 10 a assistente
pessoal Cortana. Ela nasceu no Windows Phone e um dos Novos atalhos de teclado para aplicativos e reas de
melhores recursos desse sistema, que agora chega ao Windows trabalho
10. Ela pode ser chamada por meio de comandos de voz simples
como Hey Cortana e permite escolher uma msica, abrir x Adicionar uma rea de trabalho: tecla do logotipo do
apresentaes, consultar a previso do tempo ou e-mails usando Windows + Ctrl + D
apenas a voz. x Mover um aplicativo para um monitor direita: tecla
do logotipo do Windows + Shift + Seta para a
rea de noticao direita
A nova rea de noticao tambm contm bastante recur- x Mover um aplicativo para um monitor esquerda:
sos. Clicando no boto Noticaes aberto uma nova janela tecla do logotipo do Windows + Shift + Seta para
exibindo todas as mensagens exibidas anteriormente. Possui o a esquerda
boto x Mostrar todos os aplicativos abertos e exibir reas de
Modo tablet > que esconde o as barras de ferramentas trabalho adicionais que voc criou: tecla do logotipo
facilitando a manuteno, muito fcil trabalhar com este novo do Windows + Tab
Windows.
x Alternar entre reas de trabalho que voc criou di-
Conectar > Abre as conguraes de rede reita: tecla do logotipo do Windows + Ctrl + Seta
Observaes > permite gravar no OneNote, caso ele esteja para a direita
instalado, textos diversos. x Alternar entre reas de trabalho que voc criou
Todas as conguraes > Abre a janela para conguraes esquerda: tecla do logotipo do Windows + Ctrl +
diversas. Seta para a esquerda
VPN > permite congurar conexo VPN. x Fechar a rea de trabalho em uso: tecla do logotipo do
No incomodar > desabilita as noticaes. Windows + Ctrl + F4
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 11

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MICROSOFT OFFICE 2016
MS-Word 2016 (editor de textos)
O Ofce 2016 um pacote de aplicativos de escritrio para Windows, Mac OS, iOS (iPhone, iPad e iPod Touch) e Android,
responsvel pela produo de documentos, apresentaes, planilhas, etc. Composto pelo Word, Excel, PowePoint, Outlook, One-
Drive e outros apps de produtividade, todos disponveis em portugus (pt br), este conjunto de ferramentas d ao usurio tudo que
necessrio para produo de texto, elaborao de planilhas de controle, apresentaes prossionais, etc. Nas verses para sistemas
desktop e mobile preciso fazer o download do programa (arquivo .exe no Windows, pkg no Mac e apk no Android), nos produtos
da prpria Microsoft j vem pr-instalados.
Antes de falarmos sobre o Ofce 2016, vamos eliminar algumas dvidas sobre opes de se obter e utilizar o MS-Ofce.

Diferena entre o Ofce 365 e o Ofce 2016

O Ofce 365 um servio por assinatura que inclui a verso mais recente do Ofce, que atualmente o Ofce 2016. Ele vem
com os aplicativos que voc j conhece, como Word, PowerPoint e Excel, alm de armazenamento online extra, suporte tcnico
contnuo sem custo adicional e mais.
Voc pode optar por pagar por uma assinatura do Ofce 365 mensal ou anual, o plano Ofce 365 Home permite que voc comparti-
lhe sua assinatura com at quatro membros da sua famlia. H diferentes planos do Ofce 365 disponveis para uso domstico e pessoal,
bem como para empresas de pequeno e mdio porte, corporaes, escolas e instituies sem ns lucrativos.
O Ofce 2016 tambm vendido como uma compra avulsa, o que signica que voc paga um custo nico e inicial para obter
aplicativos do Ofce para um computador. As compras avulsas esto disponveis para PCs (como o Ofce Home & Student 2016) e
para Macs (como o Ofce Home & Student 2016 para Mac). As compras avulsas no tm uma opo de atualizao, o que signica
que, se voc quiser atualizar para a prxima verso, ter de compr-la pelo preo integral.
O Ofce Online a verso gratuita do Ofce que voc pode usar no seu navegador da Web. Sem instalao, uso gratuito.
12 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Ofce 2016 Word 2016 por exemplo, ao clicar sobre uma foto ou gura, exibido

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
uma Guia Superior, na altura do Nome do Arquivo, de nome
O Word 2016 possui uma interface muito similar ao Word
Ferramentas de imagem e abaixo dela, aps a ltima Guia,
2013, com pequenas alteraes como veremos a seguir.
adicionada a Guia Formatar. Signica que esta nova Guia
Quando executamos o MS-Word pela primeira vez exi- trar vrios Grupos que serviro para Formatar a gura que
bido uma janela com os ltimos arquivos utilizados, Recente, foi selecionada no texto.
do canto superior esquerdo, Abrir arquivos existente no canto
possvel criar uma nova Guia e colocar todos os comandos
inferior direito e algumas opes de Template para iniciar seu
que voc queira, reunindo-os todos em uma nica Guia.
documento no lado direito da janela.
Basta clicar no Menu Arquivo -> Opes
Na nova janela clique em Personalizar Faixa de Opes no
lado esquerdo escolha a opo Nova Guia no lado direito.
Nesta mesma janela possvel congurar qualquer Guia
com qualquer comando, incluir novos grupos, excluir os exis-
tentes, atribuir novos comandos, etc.

J que o Word um aplicativo responsvel pela elaborao

documentos de textos, ao abri-lo, escolhendo a opo Docu-
mento em branco na tela inicial, exibido uma folha de papel
em branco para criao de textos podendo acrescentar guras,
grcos, tabelas e todo tipo de formatao desejvel.
Para aplicao destas formataes utilizamos as Guias da Aps a ltima Guia existe um campo de pesquisa. Digite
faixa de opes para esta tarefa. A faixa de opes so Guias que uma palavra-chave ou frase na caixa de pesquisa Diga-me o
que voc deseja fazer, na faixa de opes, para localizar
tratam de determinados tipos de formatao e renem Grupos de
rapidamente os comandos e recursos do Word que voc est
comandos sobre aquela formatao. Por exemplo, temos a Guia procurando, para saber mais sobre o contedo de Ajuda online
Inserir, nesta Guia encontramos, separados por grupos, todos ou obtenha mais informaes online.
os comandos que podemos utilizar para inserir um objeto dentro
do nosso documento. Podemos inserir uma foto, uma gura, uma
tabela, um vdeo, hiperlink, cabealho, rodap, nmero de p-
gina, caixas de texto, equaes matemticas, smbolos, grcos,
smartart, autoformas, referncia cruzada e muito mais.
Da mesma forma que cada Guia tem um nome, os grupos
tambm so nomeados conforme o agrupamento de comandos
e so separados por uma barra vertical dentro das guias.

Em alguns Grupos so exibidos apenas os comandos mais

utilizados, os demais comandos cam ocultos e podem ser
acessados atravs de uma pequena seta no canto inferior direito Para convidar outras pessoas para exibir ou editar seus
do grupo. Clicando nesta seta ser exibida uma janela contendo documentos na nuvem, clique no boto Compartilhar,
comandos complementares. Os comandos sero todos referen- no canto superior direito da janela do aplicativo. No painel
tes ao Grupo que voc clicou. Compartilhar exibido na lateral direita, voc pode obter um
Existem as Guias contextuais que somente so exibidas link de compartilhamento ou enviar convites para as pessoas
quando um determinado item selecionado dentro do texto, escolhidas cadastradas na sua lista de contatos. Selecione se o
convidado pode editar ou somente visualizar seu documento.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 13
Menu Arquivo

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Atravs deste Menu, podemos criar novos documentos, abrir arquivos existentes, salvar documentos, imprimir, obter informa-
es (proteger o documento, vericar verses alm de outras informaes teis). Permite fazer conguraes personalizadas no
funcionamento do programa, permite compartilhar o arquivo atravs de e-mail ou export-lo para PDF ou XPS.
Por padro, default, temos as seguintes Guias no Word 2016:

PGINA INICIAL

INSERIR

DESIGN

LAYOUT

REFERNCIAS

CORRESPONDNCIAS

REVISO
14 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

EXIBIR

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
No canto superior esquerda da janela do Word 2016 encontramos a barra de acesso rpido que nos permite acessar alguns
comandos mais rapidamente como salvar e desfazer. Voc pode personalizar essa barra, clicando no menu de contexto (seta para
baixo) e selecionar os comandos que deseja que estejam sempre a sua disposio.

possvel ocultar a faixa de opes de qualquer aplicativo do Ofce 2016, para isso clique na seta que existe no nal da faixa,
independente da Guia que estiver aberta, desta forma nenhuma Guia ser exibida.
Para utilizar algum comando basta clicar sobre qualquer Guia e todas elas sero exibidas at que voc escolha um comando, aps
isso, a faixa de opes ser ocultada novamente.
possvel, como na maioria das aes de formatao no pacote Ofce 2016 da Microsoft, utilizando o atalho de teclado
CTRL+F1 possvel ocultar e xar a faixa de opes.

Para auxiliar ainda mais na formatao do texto no Word 2016 sempre que voc selecionar um texto o Word 2016 exibir uma
Mini barra de ferramentas. Esta barra aparecer prximo ao texto selecionado e traz as opes de formatao mais utilizados como
tipo da fonte, tamanho, cor da fonte e de fundo, marcadores e numerao, pincel, estilos, negrito, itlico e sublinhado e opo de
aumentar e diminuir a fonte ponto-a-ponto.

Importantes informaes sobre a redao do seu documento voc poder obter na barra de Status. Esta barra ca localizada
na parte inferior da janela do Word e traz informaes como nmero de pginas total, nmero de palavras, idioma, modo de
visualizao da pgina, etc.
Para exibir ou ocultar informaes da barra de status clique sobre ela com o boto secundrio do mouse e todas as opes
aparecero para voc selecionar para exibir ou tirar a seleo para ocultar, desta forma a barra exibir somente as informaes que
voc desejar
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 15
Criando um novo documento

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
No incio desta apostila mencionei que ao abrir o MS-Word
2016 ele exibe os ltimos arquivos que foram abertos, alguns
templates e Documento em branco.
Clicando em documento em branco aparecer uma folha
de papel pronta para voc comear a digitar e criar seu novo
documento. Caso voc queira criar um documento quando j
existe um outro documento aberto basta clicar no Menu Arqui- Uma fonte descreve um certo tipo de letra, juntamente com
vo opo Novo, assim tambm ser criado uma folha de papel outras qualidades, como, por exemplo, tamanho, espaamento
em branco para comear a digitar e criar seu novo documento. e densidade.
possvel criar um documento em branco, quando o Word 2016 As fontes mais utilizadas para se editar um documento a
estiver aberto, pressionando em seu teclado as teclas de atalho Arial em tamanho 12, e tambm a fonte Times New Roman em
CTRL+O, semelhantemente aos modos anteriores a folha em tamanho 12, ambas em estilo normal (que no est em itlico,
branco tambm ser criada. negrito ou sublinhado).
Os principais aspectos de formatao podem ser feitos antes Para aplicar uma fonte a um texto, utilizando a Guia Pgina
do incio da digitao como margens, fontes, espaamentos Inicial e o Grupo Fonte, siga as seguintes etapas: selecione o
entre linhas e pargrafos. texto a ser aplicada a fonte, na caixa de seleo escolha a Fonte
Para congurar as margens da forma desejada clique na que desejar, ao parar o mouse sobre o nome da Fonte o texto
Guia Layout, No Grupo Congurar Pgina clique em Margens selecionado ser formatado, temporariamente, com o estilo da
e no menu Pull Down clique no tamanho desejado de margem, Fonte que o mouse estiver posicionado, para escolher a fonte
caso o tamanho desejado no esteja listado clique em Margens basta clicar sobre ela. possvel ainda executar o mesmo pro-
Personalizadas no nal do menu. cedimento utilizando a mini barra de ferramentas que aparece
quando o texto selecionado. Faa o mesmo procedimento com
o tamanho da fonte e a cor, caso deseje altera-la.
J no Grupo Pargrafo da Guia Pgina Inicial, escolha o
alinhamento Esquerda, Centralizado, Direita ou Justicado.
Tambm escolha o espaamento entre linhas, para o espaa-
mento entre pargrafos escolha as opes na Guia Design.

Ao formatar uma fonte voc pode escolher entre os Estilos

da Fonte e Efeitos da Fonte.

DICA DE PROVA SOLUO!!!!!!

Memorize bem quais so os Efeito da Fonte, isso bastante

cobrado em provas.

Formatao de pargrafos
A principal regra da formatao de pargrafos que inde-
pendentemente de onde estiver o cursor a formatao ser apli-
cada em todo o pargrafo, tendo ele uma linha ou mais. Quando
Para formatar a fonte Fonte em informtica signica letra se trata de dois ou mais pargrafos ser necessrio selecionar os
basta clicar na Guia Pgina Inicial, e no Grupo Fonte escolha pargrafos a serem formatados.
o Tipo da fonte, Tamanho e cor. Lembrando que existem mais A formatao de pargrafos pode ser localizada na ABA
opes de formatao clicando no menu de contexto, pequena Pgina Inicial, e os recuos e espaamentos no Grupo Pargrafo
seta diagonal no canto inferior direito do Grupo Fonte. da ABA Layout.
16 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

No grupo da Guia Pgina Inicial, temos as opes de marca- Selecionando Textos

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
dores (bullets e numerao e listas de vrios nveis), diminuir e
Ao posicionar o mouse mais esquerda do texto, sobre a
aumentar recuo, classicao e boto Mostrar Tudo, este boto
margem esquerda, o cursor se tornar uma seta e apontar para
exibe todos os caracteres no imprimveis existente no texto.
a direita:
Na segunda linha temos os botes de alinhamentos:
Ao dar um clique voc seleciona toda a linha.
esquerda, centralizado, direita e justicado, espaamento
entre linhas, observe que o espaamento entre linhas possui Ao dar duplo clique voc seleciona todo o pargrafo.
uma seta para baixo, permitindo que se possa denir qual o Ao dar triplo clique voc seleciona todo o documento.
espaamento a ser utilizado.
Existem dois tipos de marcadores: Smbolos e Numerao.
Cuidado com isso na prova, principalmente com os marcadores Com o cursor sobre o texto:
numricos pois eles englobam as letras, portanto, se na prova Ao dar um clique o cursor se posiciona onde est o mouse
houver uma questo perguntando sobre onde esto os marcado- na forma de basto.
res com letras, eles estaro nos marcadores numricos. Ao dar duplo clique, ele seleciona toda a palavra.
Ao dar triplo clique ele seleciona todo o pargrafo.
DICA DE PROVA SOLUO!!!!!!
Os marcadores NUMRICOS englobam nmeros e LE-
Colunas
TRAS, portanto, se na sua prova houver uma questo pergun-
tando ONDE FICAM OS MARCADORES COM LETRAS, Para dividir o texto em colunas dentro da mesma pgina
eles cam nos marcadores numricos. Existem dois tipos de utilizamos o comando Colunas que se encontra no Grupo
listas os marcadores, que so listas com SMBOLOS, e as listas Congurar Pgina da Guia Layout. Com o texto selecionado,
numricas que so numeradas com nmeros e com letras. escolha as opes de quantas colunas deseja criar. Ao clicar
em mais Colunas, possvel personalizar as colunas, o Word
disponibiliza algumas opes pr-denidas, mas voc pode
colocar em um nmero maior de colunas, adicionar linha entre
as colunas, denir a largura e o espaamento entre elas.

Quebras
O Word insere uma quebra de pgina automaticamente
quando voc atinge o nal de uma pgina. Se desejar que a pgi-
na seja quebrada em um local diferente, voc poder inserir uma
quebra de pgina manual ou poder congurar regras a serem
seguidas pelo Word para que as quebras de pgina automticas
sejam colocadas no local desejado.
Para inserir uma quebra de pgina clique no local desejado para
que o cursor marque exatamente onde ser inserido. Clique na Guia
Layout, e no Grupo Congurar Pgina, clique em Quebras. No
menu Pull Down escolha a opo Pgina, assim, tudo que estiver
direita do cursor ser deslocado para o incio da prxima pgina.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 17
possvel inserir uma Quebra de seo. Esta opo uti-

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
lizada quando queremos aplicar formataes diferentes em
determinadas partes do mesmo texto. Por exemplo, aplicar
orientao retrato somente na pgina 3 do meu documento,
ou ainda, numerar as pginas 2,3 e 4 com algarismos romanos
(II, III e IV) e da pgina 5 em diante reiniciar a numerao
em 1, 2, 3, ...
Quando estiver com texto em colunas poder inserir uma
quebra de Coluna.

Paradas de Tabulao
As paradas de tabulao fornecem uma posio para colocar
e alinhar texto no documento e so mais fceis de denir.
1-Clique dentro do pargrafo ou no texto que deseja inserir
a tabulao.
2-Posicione o ponteiro do mouse sobre a rgua no local que
voc deseja adicionar a parada de tabulao.
3-Clique com o boto esquerdo do mouse. Uma pausa de
tabulao ser colocada na rgua.
Dentro deste pargrafo toda vez que pressionar a tecla TAB
seu texto ir parar exatamente naquele ponto que foi inserido
no passo 3 descrito acima. Isso til para alinhar itens de uma
tabela, por exemplo, sem inserir as linhas de grade da tabela,
o texto ca organizado. possvel inserir paradas alinhadas
Esquerda, Centralizado, Direita, Decimal e Barra.

Temas
Um tema um conjunto de opes de formatao que
aplicado a um documento inteiro. Um tema inclui um conjunto
de Cores, um conjunto de fontes e um conjunto de efeitos. A
utilizao de temas reduz o tempo de formatao e produz uma
aparncia unicada e prossional.
Trabalhando com a rgua Os temas podem ser acessados na guia Design. A partir da-
qui voc pode selecionar um tema para o documento. Depois de
Caso a rgua esteja oculta clique na Guia Exibir e ative a
escolhido o tema que mais lhe agrada possvel personalizar as
visualizao da rgua.
cores, fontes e efeitos de um tema. Pode alterar o tema padro,
Podemos deslocar o texto, e outros objetos, dentro da folha que aplicado a cada novo documento. Voc pode salvar o
apenas utilizando a rgua. Observando a rgua ela possui dois tema atual, caso tenha recebido por e-mail, por exemplo, que
marcadores que normalmente cam juntos. car disponvel para futuras aplicaes.
O marcador superior responsvel por posicionar a primeira Percebemos que os Temas so completamente persona-
linha de um pargrafo. J o marcador inferior responsvel por lizveis, escolha um modelo e faa as alteraes que desejar
posicionar as demais linhas do pargrafo criando um novo conjunto.
18 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Cabealho, Rodap e Nmero de Pginas Voc tambm pode usar a guia Resultados para localizar texto

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
no seu documento. Para ativar o Painel de Navegao clique na
Para inserir Cabealho, Rodap e Nmero de Pginas em
Guia Exibir e ative Painel de Navegao no Grupo Mostrar.
um texto, basta clicar na Guia Inserir e no grupo Cabealho
Navegue utilizando as abas Ttulos, Pginas e Resultados.
e Rodap escolher qual item deseja: Cabealho, Rodap ou
Nmero de Pgina.

Navegando no documento
Ao usar os recursos Localizar e Ir para, voc pode procurar
palavras-chave no documento ou Pgina especca, seo,
comentrio, etc. Se os estilos de ttulo foram adicionados ao seu
documento, tambm use o painel de navegao para mover para
sees de seu documento.
O recurso Localizar (CTRL+L) til para encontrar uma
ou todas as ocorrncias de uma palavra especca, bem como
substituir (CTRL+U) uma palavra por outra.
1. Clique na guia Pgina Inicial.
2. Clique na em Localizar no Grupo Edio.
3. O painel de navegao ser aberto esquerda do docu-
mento. No campo do documento de pesquisa, digite a palavra
que voc deseja procurar.
4. Ao digitar sua palavra na barra de pesquisa, seus resulta-
dos sero preenchidos automaticamente abaixo. Clique em um
Salvando um documento
dos resultados da pesquisa para saltar para essa palavra em seu
documento. Salvar um documento criar um arquivo que permitir acessa-
-lo mais tarde para edio. Voc tambm pode salvar seu trabalho
Para substituir uma palavra por outra em vrios locais do na nuvem para compartilhar o arquivo com outras pessoas.
texto clique na Guia Pgina Inicial, e no Grupo Edio clique
Existem diversas formas de Salvar um documento. Se voc
em Substituir. Aparecer uma janela contendo dois campos est salvando um arquivo em branco pela primeira vez, qual-
pra voc digitar a palavra que o Word ir procurar e a palavra quer opo que voc utilizar para salvar o Word 2016 abrir um
que ser substituda. Voc pode mandar o Word Substituir painel para complementar informaes para voc criar um novo
Tudo ou Localizar e Substituir apenas as palavras que arquivo. Primeiro passo escolher o lugar onde o arquivo ser
desejar. possvel substituir a mesma palavra s que com outra criado, pode ser em seu computador, disco rgido ou pendrive,
formatao. pode ser na nuvem, no OneDrive ou Outros Locais da Web ou
ainda um Outro Local. Todos eles exigem o mesmo processo,
primeiro a indicao da pasta naquele local que voc escolheu.
Se escolher a opo Procurar o Word 2016 abrir uma janela
solicitando que escolha o local, escolha um nome e o Tipo do
arquivo que ser criado.

Ir Para uma ferramenta que te auxilia a movimentar-se

para lugares especcos como pginas, sees, comentrios,
etc. em seu documento.
Para utiliz-lo clique na Guia Pgina Inicial e depois na seta
para baixo ao lado da palavra Localizar, no menu drop-down
escolha a opo Ir para...

Painel de navegao
O Painel de Navegao fornece uma maneira fcil de se mo-
ver em todo o documento usando apenas a rolagem do mouse.
Voc pode navegar rapidamente para reas do documento que
possuem ttulos ou mover para outras pginas.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 19
Imprimindo um documento Por exemplo, para imprimir as sees de 3 e 5 (no a seo

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Para imprimir um documento no Word 2016 basta clicar no 4), digite s3, s5.
Menu Arquivo e em Imprimir. Para imprimir pginas 2 a 5 da seo 3 e pginas de 1 a 4 da
As opes de impresso aparecero logo direita do Menu seo 5, digite p2s3 p5s3, p1s5 p4s5.
Arquivo contendo:
Usando Estilos
1. Quantidade de cpias
Um estilo uma combinao predenida de tipos de fonte,
2. Qual impressora ser impresso
cor e tamanho que voc pode combinar da forma que desejar
3. Quais partes do documento ser impresso para formatar o texto em seu documento. A utilizao de estilos
4. Quais pginas sero impressas pode ajud-lo a criar documentos que tenham uma aparncia
5. Imprimir de um nico lado ou ventre-e-verso bem prossional e criativa. Voc pode usar os estilos pr-de-
nidos disponveis no Word, modic-los ou criar seu prprio
6. Agrupado ou Desagrupado
estilo e salv-lo para usar sempre que voc desejar.
7. Orientao Retrato ou paisagem
Para aplicar um Estilo selecione o texto que deseja formatar,
8. Tamanho da folha que ser impresso clique na Guia Pgina Inicial e no Grupo Estilo clique nas setas
9. Margens e visualize todas as opes pr-denidas de formao pronta par
aplicao ao texto. Ao passar do mouse sobre os tipos de Estilo
10. Quantas pginas sero impressas em cada folha
o texto selecionado, temporariamente, ser formatado com o
Estilo que o mouse apontar, ao passar para outro Estilo o texto
ser alterado, para aplicao denitiva do Estilo basta clicar
sobre o modelo que mais lhe agradou. Ao selecionar o texto
para aplicao do Estilo possvel ainda utilizar a Mini Barra
de Formatao, que aparecer quando o texto for selecionado,
para formatar o texto.

Tabelas
Tabelas so teis para a apresentao de informaes de texto
e dados numricos de forma limpa e ordenada. A tabela consiste
em linhas e colunas que se cruzam para formar caixas chamadas
clulas, que voc pode preencher com texto, nmeros, etc. Voc
tambm pode formatar sua tabela para efeito adicionado (por exem-
plo, fazer as linhas dentro da tabela carem visveis ou invisveis).
Para inserir uma tabela faa o seguinte:

Para especicar uma pgina ou um intervalo de pginas a 1. Clique na Guia Inserir

serem impressas, voc deve fornecer o nmero da pgina e o 2. No Grupo Tabelas clique em Tabela
nmero de seo para o intervalo que voc deseja imprimir. 3. Com o mouse escolha quantas linha e colunas voc que
Em um documento de vrias sees que contm mais de para sua tabela
uma pgina 1, o Word no pode determinar qual pgina 1 para
imprimir a menos que voc tambm fornecer um nmero de
seo para a pgina.
Para imprimir um intervalo de pginas em sees, use a
seguinte sintaxe na caixa pginas:
Por exemplo, voc digitaria p1s1 p1s2 para imprimir a
pgina 1 da seo 1 pgina 1 da seo 2.
Para imprimir a pgina 5 da seo 3, pgina 2 da seo 4,
digite p5s3 p2s4.
Para imprimir as pginas no-adjacentes ou sees no
adjacentes, digite os nmeros de pgina e seo separados por
vrgula (,).
20 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

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MS-Excel 2016 (editor de planilhas)

Programa da Microsoft encarregado de produzir eletronicamente uma planilha. Planilha uma tabela que contm clculos. O
programa Excel simula uma enorme folha de papel quadriculada e muito utilizado para controles de estoque, folhas de pagamento
e controles em geral.
A tela do computador exibe uma folha onde podemos observar uma srie de linhas (representada por nmeros) e colunas
(representadas por letras).
A cada encontro de uma linha com uma coluna temos uma clula onde podemos armazenar um texto, um valor, funes ou
frmula para os clculos. O endereo de uma clula formado pela letra da coluna seguido do nmero da linha (A1, D6, F78).
Uma Folha de Clculo , por tradio, um conjunto de clulas que formam uma grelha ou tabela e que podem relacionar-se entre
si atravs de expresses lgicas e/ou matemticas.
Esta planilha contm 16.384 colunas e 1.048.576 linhas. Os arquivos criados pelo Excel so chamados de Pasta de Trabalho.
Especicamente, voc pode usar o Excel para acompanhar dados, criar modelos de anlise de dados, criar frmulas para fazer clcu-
los desses dados, organizar dinamicamente os dados de vrias maneiras e apresent-los em diversos tipos de grcos prossionais.

Uma Pasta de arquivo do Excel inicia com uma planilha, possvel adicionar uma quantidade enorme de outras planilhas, isto
signica que possvel, em um nico arquivo, armazenar mais de uma planilha, inicialmente o Excel abre uma planilha, e ao nal
da Planilha1 temos um sinal de soma (+), onde possvel criar novas planilhas. Voc pode clicar com o boto direito do mouse em
uma planilha existente para manipular as planilhas.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 21
Clicando com o boto secundrio do mouse abre o Menu AutoAjuste de Coluna

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de Atalho que torna possvel inserir uma nova planilha, excluir
O AutoAjuste um processo faz com que a coluna que
uma planilha existente, renomear uma planilha, mover ou copiar
numa medida exatamente suciente para comportar o contedo
essa planilha, etc...
que est dentro dela. Ao aplicar um AutoAjuste, a coluna tanto
A Faixa de Opo tambm tem algumas mudanas com poder ser reduzida, como ampliada. Vai depender da quantida-
relao ao Word 2016. As Guias Design, Referncias e Corres- de de contedo existente em suas clulas.
pondncias no existem no Excel. A Guia Layout do Word aqui
Para aplicar um AutoAjuste largura da coluna, posicione o
se chama Layout de Pgina. No Excel temos a Guia Dados
ponteiro do mouse na linha que divide a coluna que voc deseja
que no existe no Word.
ajustar com a sua vizinha da direita.
As divises em Grupo, Guia Contextual, Menu de contexto
Quando o mouse assumir o formato de uma seta preta de
dos Grupos funcionam de forma semelhante em todos os aplica-
duas pontas, d um clique duplo. O AutoAjuste pode no mo-
tivos da famlia Microsoft Ofce, desta forma, tudo que vimos
dicar nada na coluna, caso ela j esteja na largura adequada.
no Word 2016 em relao ao funcionamento da Faixa de Opo
funciona de forma semelhante aqui no Excel e funcionar tam- Alterando a Altura da Linha
bm no Power Point. Posicione o ponteiro do mouse na diviso da linha com a
A caixa de dilogo Diga-me o que voc deseja fazer per- seguinte.
mite inserir palavras-chave e frases relacionadas ao que voc Clique, segure e arraste, para baixo ou para cima (aumentan-
quer fazer como acionar rapidamente recursos ou aes. Ele do ou reduzindo). O AutoAjuste (com o clique-duplo) tambm
tambm pode ser usado para procurar informaes pode ser usado em linhas.
Sobre determinado tpico. Ele est localizado na barra de
menus, acima da faixa de opes.
Seleo com o Mouse
Teclas de Funo Assim como nos demais programas que j foram estudados,
no Excel tambm h a necessidade de selecionar aquilo que
Alguns comandos Excel podem ser executados pelas cha- desejamos alterar.
madas Teclas de Funo. Estas teclas vo de <F1> at <F10>.
Por enquanto, voc viu como fazer para destacar uma
<F1> (Ajuda): Exibe tpicos de ajuda; se voc apertar esta clula individualmente. Ou seja, posicionando o quadro de
tecla numa opo de menu, este responder dvida referente ao destaque sobre ela. Mas para trabalhar melhor e com mais
ponto selecionado anteriormente, pois ele sensvel ao contexto. rapidez, voc precisar aprender a destacar grupos de clulas,
alm de aprender mtodos para fazer selees em intervalos
<F2> (Editar): Quando voc posicionar o cursor numa contnuos e alternados.
clula e desejar modicar o contedo (frmula ou dados) dela.
O segredo para uma seleo correta e eciente comea na ob-
<F3> (Nome): Lista as faixas nomeadas no arquivo. Deve-se servao da aparncia do ponteiro do mouse. Voc j deve ter per-
utiliz-lo durante a criao de uma frmula ou durante o uso de cebido que ele se modica de acordo com a posio dele na clula
Caixas de Dilogo que necessitem de endereamento de clulas. ou na planilha. Vejamos: Marca de Seleo: Quando posicionamos
<F4> (Repetir) / (Ref. Absoluta): Repete a ltima operao o mouse dentro da rea de uma clula, ele assume o formato de
(Edio ou Formatao) executada no Excel, ou xa o endereo cruz branca. a indicao do formato de seleo de uma ou mais
de clula numa frmula para cpia posterior. clulas. Marca de Preenchimento: o formato de cruz preta que
aparece ao posicionar o mouse na ala de preenchimento da clula.
<F5> (Ir Para): Permite ir a um endereo de clula qualquer
Sua funo copiar o contedo para clulas vizinhas. Mover Con-
ou a uma faixa nomeada no arquivo.
tedo: Ao posicionar o ponteiro na borda que contorna a seleo de
<F6> (Janela): Permite ir de uma diviso de janela a outra uma clula, o formato ser de seta do mouse acompanhada de uma
na mesma Planilha. cruz de quatro setas. Este formato permite que o contedo de uma
clula seja movido para outra. Portanto, para realizar tarefas de
<F7> (Vericador Ortogrco): Possibilita corrigir orto-
seleo, que atento ao formato de cruz branca, que a aparncia
gracamente os textos da Planilha.
que permite selecionar uma ou mais clulas.
<F8> (Extenso): usado para selecionar clulas junta-
mente com as teclas setas. Selecionar Intervalo Contnuo
<F9> (Calcular Agora): Quando se opta pelo clculo Chamamos de Intervalo duas ou mais clulas em uma pla-
manual, deixa-se de efetuar o clculo automaticamente como nilha. Ele pode ser adjacente ou no. Clulas adjacentes, so
o seu padro, esperando que se naliza aps a incluso de todos clulas vizinhas. A seleo de um intervalo de clulas adjacen-
os valores e frmulas. tes destaca clulas vizinha umas das outras. Um intervalo de
clulas adjacentes tambm conhecido como contnuo.
<F10> (Menu): Equivalente ao uso do <ALT> da esquerda
do teclado ou ao clicar na Barra de Menu. Para realizar seleo de clulas adjacentes, de forma a criar
um intervalo de seleo contnuo, execute um dos procedimen-
<F12> SALVAR COMO... tos abaixo:
22 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Clique na clula inicial, segure o boto do mouse e arraste com as verses anteriores preciso em Tipo denir como

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at a clula nal. Quando soltar o ponteiro, todo o intervalo Pasta de Trabalho do Excel 97 2003. Para abrir um arquivo
car em destaque, ou; existente, clique no menu Arquivo e depois no boto Abrir,
Clique na clula inicial do intervalo e solte. Segurando a localize seu arquivo e clique sobre ele e depois em abrir.
tecla SHIFT, clique na clula nal do intervalo e solte.
Um intervalo de clulas contnuo representando da seguin- Caixa de Dilogo Formatar Clulas
te forma B5:G5. Ou seja, indica que o intervalo comea na Voc pode selecionar uma ou mais clulas e formata-las
clula B5 e vai at a clula G5, destacando tambm as clulas atravs do comando Formatar, do grupo Clulas da Guia
que se encontram entre essas duas referncias. Pgina Inicial. A caixa de dilogo dividida em Guias, que
agrupam os comandos de acordo com a categoria de forma-
Selecionar Intervalo Alternado tao que deseja realizar.
Um intervalo de clulas alternado, ou no adjacente, destaca
duas ou mais clulas sem selecionar as que esto entre elas. Para Guia Nmero
fazer uma seleo alternada preciso combinar o uso da tecla O Excel trabalha com nmeros sob um formato Geral, sem
CTRL enquanto faz o destaque. Ou seja, para selecionar A4 nenhum valor ou formatao especial. Atravs desta guia, clique
e C8, sem destacar as clulas entre elas, clique na A4 e solte, em uma opo na caixa Categoria e selecione as opes que
segure CTRL e clique depois na C8. voc deseja aplicar a um nmero. A caixa Exemplo mostra a
aparncia das clulas selecionadas com a formatao escolhida.
Entrada de textos e nmeros A caixa de dilogo muda, conforme as propriedades da cate-
Na rea de trabalho do Excel podem ser digitados carac- goria escolhida. Por exemplo, para a categoria Data, selecione a
teres, nmeros e frmulas. Ao nalizar a digitao de seus localidade na lista para as opes de formatao especcas de
dados, voc pode pressionar a tecla ENTER, ou com as local que aparecero em Tipo.
setas mudar de clula, esse recurso somente no ser vlido Clique na categoria Personalizado se desejar criar formatos
quando estiver efetuando um clculo. Caso precise alterar personalizados para nmeros, como cdigos de produtos.
o contedo de uma clula sem precisar redigitar tudo nova-
mente, clique sobre ela e pressione F2, faa sua alterao e
Guia Alinhamento
pressione ENTER em seu teclado.
As opes desta guia especicam critrios de alinhamento e
distribuio de texto nas clulas.
Constantes:
dividida em quatro sees:
Um valor constante pode ser do tipo numrico, lgico,
indicativo de data e hora, ou texto: Alinhamento de texto: Altera o alinhamento horizontal ou
vertical do contedo da clula, com base nas opes escolhi-
Valor numrico: qualquer combinao dos algarismos das. Selecione uma opo na caixa de listagem Horizontal para
de 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, e ainda os smbolos virgula alterar o alinhamento horizontal do contedo da clula. Por
(,) ponto (.) exponenciao (E, e), mais (+) e menos (-). padro, o Microsoft Excel alinha texto esquerda, nmeros
direita e valores lgicos e de erro no centro. O alinhamento
Valor Lgico: o Excel utiliza os valores lgicos Verda-
horizontal padro Geral. Selecione uma opo na caixa Ver-
deiro (True) e Falso (False).
tical para alterar o alinhamento vertical do contedo da clula.
Datas e horas: a informao relativa a datas e horas Por padro, o Microsoft Excel alinha texto verticalmente na
armazenada sob a forma de um nmero real em que a parte inferior da clula. A caixa Recuo, recua o contedo da
parte inteira diz respeito data (nmero de dias desde clula a partir de qualquer borda, dependendo da opo es-
1900) e a parte real diz respeito s horas minutos e se- colhida em Horizontal e Vertical. Cada incremento na caixa
gundos (nmero de segundos desde a meia-noite). Ex: Recuo equivale largura de um caractere.
35431.58681 equivalente a 14h05 de 1/1/1997. Controle de Texto: Selecione opes para ajustar a forma
Texto: todo o conjunto de caracteres que no consi- como voc deseja que o texto aparea em uma clula. Quebrar
derado valor lgico, numrico, data e hora ou frmulas. texto automaticamente quebra o texto em vrias linhas em uma
Para esclarecer situaes confusas pode-se identicar clula. O nmero de quebras de linha depende da largura da
como sendo do tipo texto antecedendo a constante com coluna e do comprimento do contedo das clulas. Reduzir
o smbolo apstrofo ( ). para caber diminui o tamanho aparente dos caracteres para que
todos os dados em uma clula selecionada caibam na coluna.
Salvando e Abrindo Arquivos O tamanho dos caracteres ser ajustado automaticamente se
Para salvar uma planilha o processo igual ao feito no voc alterar a largura da coluna. O tamanho de fonte aplicado
Word, clique no menu Arquivo e clique em Salvar. Escolha o no alterado. Mesclar clulas combina duas ou mais clulas
local onde deseja salvar a planilha, d um nome ao seu arquivo e selecionadas em uma nica clula. A referncia de clula para
clique em Salvar, o formato padro das planilhas do Excel 2016 uma clula mesclada a clula superior esquerda no intervalo
o xlsx, se precisar salvar em xls para manter compatibilidade selecionado original.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 23
Da direita para a esquerda: Selecione uma opo na caixa Di- Imagine que, em uma planilha, voc quisesse destacar em

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reo do texto para especicar a leitura e o alinhamento. As opes vermelho os produtos que venderam quantidades abaixo do
so Contexto, da esquerda para a direita e da direita para a esquerda. valor mnimo, que seriam 350 unidades. E ainda destacar de
Orientao: Selecione uma opo em Orientao para al- azul os que superaram as metas, ultrapassando 900 unidades.
terar a orientao do texto nas clulas selecionadas. As opes Observe: Selecione a faixa de clulas que tero os valores
analisados, a m de obter uma formatao por condies. No
de rotao podero no estar disponveis se outras opes de
caso, a faixa de clulas com as quantidades vendidas de todos
alinhamento estiverem selecionadas.
os produtos. Na Guia Pgina Inicial clique em Formatao
Condicional no Grupo estilo e escolha suas opes para obter o
Guia Fonte
resultado desejado. Ao selecionar uma parte do texto, tambm
Atravs desta guia voc poder escolher um modelo de fon- possvel clicar no menu de opes que aparecer logo abaixo da
te diferente, aplicar um estilo, modicar tamanho, determinar rea selecionada, este menu se chama lentes de anlise rpida,
um modelo de sublinhado, alterar a cor da fonte e ainda aplicar nele voc encontra vrias opes de formatao.
um dos trs efeitos. Embora as opes desta guia no sejam to
completas quanto a formatao de fonte no Word, so sucien- Classicar
tes para modicar a aparncia do contedo nas clulas.
O comando Classicar, organiza as informaes nas linhas
selecionadas ou lista as informaes em ordem alfabtica, por
Guia Borda nmero ou por data.
As linhas de grade que dividem as clulas na planilha s Para classicar os dados, o Excel segue alguns critrios de
so visualizadas na tela do computador. Se imprimir a planilha prioridade e organizao. Numa Classicao do tipo Crescen-
do jeito que est, nenhuma linha de separao de clulas seria te, por exemplo, a ordem a seguinte:
impressa, ao menos que nas conguraes de impresso esteja
habilitada para imprimir linhas de grade. Nmeros: Os nmeros so classicados do menor nmero
negativo, ao maior nmero positivo.
Para determinar e personalizar contornos para uma ou mais
clulas da planilha, use as opes desta guia. Classicao alfanumrica: Quando voc classica texto
alfanumrico, o Excel classica da esquerda para a direita, ca-
ractere por caractere. Por exemplo, se uma clula contm o texto
Guia Preenchimento B100, o Excel coloca a clula depois de uma clula que contenha
Selecione uma cor de plano de fundo escolhendo uma das a entrada B1, e antes de uma clula que contenha a entrada B11.
cores disponveis Apstrofos (') e hifens (-): So ignorados, com uma exceo - se
importante que o preenchimento escolhido para a clula duas sequncias de caracteres de texto forem iguais exceto pelo
esteja de acordo com a cor escolhida para a fonte. Por exemplo, hfen, o texto com hfen classicado por ltimo.
se voc aplica uma cor de texto azul escuro, deve escolher um Valores lgicos: Em valores lgicos, FALSO colocado
tom de preenchimento claro que no atrapalhe a visualizao do antes de VERDADEIRO.
texto. Da mesma forma se escolhe uma fonte clara, deve aplicar Vazias: As clulas em branco so sempre classificadas
um preenchimento escuro. por ltimo.
possvel aplicar Efeitos de Preenchimento no boto ade- Em uma Classicao do tipo Decrescente esta ordem de
quado e Mais cores se necessitar de outra cor que no esteja classicao invertida, exceto para as clulas em branco, que
disponvel nos padres exibidos. sero sempre colocadas por ltimo.

Guia Proteo AutoFiltro

Bloqueadas: Evita que as clulas selecionadas sejam altera- Esse o meio mais rpido de selecionar apenas os itens que voc
das, movidas, redimensionadas ou excludas. deseja exibir em uma lista. Para aplicar o AutoFiltro, no precisa se-
Ocultas: Oculta uma frmula em uma clula para que ela no lecionar. Basta deixar a seleo em qualquer clula da planilha, clicar
aparea na barra de frmulas quando a clula for selecionada. na Guia Dados, e no Grupo Classicar e Filtrar clicar em Filtro.
Automaticamente o Excel identica as linhas de cabealho
Bloquear clulas ou ocultar frmulas no tem efeito algum
das colunas e aplica o AutoFiltro nestas clulas. Isso ca
a menos que a planilha esteja protegida. Para proteger uma
evidente pelas setas pretas apontando para baixo, que surgem
planilha, v at a Guia Reviso, Grupo Alteraes, possvel
imediatamente nas clulas que contm os rtulos das colunas.
selecionar as aes que sero permitidas aos outros usurios.
A partir da voc pode controlar a exibio dos itens de cada
coluna acessando as opes referentes a ela atravs das caixas
Formatao condicional de seleo. Voc tem a opo de ltrar por nmeros se a coluna
Este recurso do Excel 2016 aplica formatos a clulas sele- tiver nmeros, ou ltrar por texto se a coluna tiver textos.
cionadas que atendem a critrios especcos baseados em valo- Para voltar a exibir todos os registros, deve clicar no seletor
res ou frmulas que voc especicar. Os formatos condicionais que contm um pequeno funil, smbolo do ltro (isso indica que
continuam aplicados clula at que o usurio os remova, voc mudou o controle de exibio daquela coluna) e selecionar
mesmo que nenhuma das condies seja atendida e os formatos a opo Selecionar Tudo. Isso deve ser feito em todas as colunas
das clulas especicadas no sejam exibidos. onde foi aplicado o ltro.
24 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Para remover o autoltro clique novamente em Filtro na PORCENTAGEM

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Guia Dados.
Quando for necessrio extrair a porcentagem de alguma
clula simples, basta multiplicar o endereo da clula pela
Grcos porcentagem propriamente dita que se deseja extrair.
Exemplos de planilhas com clculos de porcentagem:
Conceitos e Tipos
Lidar com nmeros e estatsticas no fcil. Reunir esses
nmeros numa apresentao pode ser ainda mais complicado.
Uma estratgia muito utilizada para organizar visualmente
informaes numricas e valores estatsticos atravs da cria-
o de Grcos. Grcos tm apelo visual e facilitam, para os
usurios, a visualizao de comparaes, padres e tendncias
nos dados. Por exemplo, em vez de ter de analisar vrias co-
lunas de nmeros de planilha, voc pode ver rapidamente se
as vendas esto caindo ou subindo a cada trimestre, ou como
as vendas reais se comparam s vendas estimadas. Voc pode
criar um grco como planilha individual, ou como um objeto
incorporado a uma planilha.
Estrutura de um Grco
No Excel, um grco vinculado aos dados da planilha em
que foi criado e atualizado automaticamente quando voc
altera os dados desta planilha.
Tipos de Grco
Voc pode criar um grco em sua prpria planilha de
grco ou como um grco incorporado em uma planilha. De
qualquer maneira, o grco vinculado aos dados de origem na
planilha, o que signica que o grco ser atualizado quando os Frmulas e Funes
dados da planilha forem atualizados.
Existem duas formas de fazermos clculos com o Excel:
Grcos incorporados: Um grco incorporado conside- Frmulas e Funes. Inicialmente todos clculos comea com
rado um objeto grco e salvo como parte da planilha em que sinal de igual ( = ). Todo clculo feito utilizando o endereo
foi criado. Use grcos incorporados quando quiser exibir ou da clula e no os valores embutidos nelas. Alguns operadores
imprimir um ou mais grcos com seus dados da planilha. matemticos diferem dos utilizados na matemtica tradicional.
Folhas de grco: Uma folha de grco uma folha separada
dentro da sua pasta de trabalho que tem um nome prprio. Use
uma folha de grco quando quiser exibir ou editar grcos ex-
tensos ou complexos separados dos dados da planilha ou quando
desejar preservar espao na tela enquanto trabalha na planilha.
Inserindo o Grco
Para inserir o grco primeiro voc deve selecionar toda a
planilha que ser a base de dados para seu grco. Aps a seleo
dos dados clique na Guia Inserir, e no Grupo Grcos, clique
na opo desejada: Grcos recomendados, Grco Dinmico
ou nos modelos existente: Pizza, Barras, Colunas, Linhas, rea,
etc. Ao clicar no tipo de grco ele j ser inserido com os dados
extrados da planilha. Aparecer tambm uma Guia de contexto
personalizada apenas com comandos sobre grcos. Nesta Guia
voc ter total controle sobre o grco, podendo alterar o seu
tipo, inverter as referncias, alterar de grco incorporado para
uma nova planilha e vice-versa, alterar seu layout, etc.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 25
Repetio de Frmulas e Utilizao de Refe- Utilizao de Nomes

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rncias Uma outra forma alternativa para referir uma clula ou um
normal utilizarmos no Excel colunas ou linhas com vrias intervalo de clulas a proporcionada pela utilizao de nomes.
cpias da mesma frmula, variando s as referncias, nestes Um nome um identicador que pode ser atribudo a uma ou
casos podemos inserir manualmente todas as frmulas tor- mais clulas, a um valor ou a uma frmula. A denio de um
nome pode ser feita atravs do menu Inserir->Nome->Denir
nando se um processo desagradvel, moroso e sujeito a erros.
ou editar diretamente na caixa de nomes da barra de frmulas.
Felizmente existem mecanismos de preenchimento automtico
de clulas, e nessas situaes que a utilizao de referncias A utilizao de nomes tem as seguintes vantagens: os nomes
relativas, absolutas e mistas se revestem da maior importncia. so mais sugestivos e de fcil deduo em planilhas a mesma
pasta de trabalho, os nomes podem ser rapidamente colados a
O Preenchimento Automtico realizado pelo Excel partir da caixa de nomes, facilitando a sua utilizao.
quando:
Utilizamos o comando Copiar e depois o comando Colar, Tipos de Referncias
tendo como destino vrias clulas.
O Excel utiliza endereos de clulas para montar seus cl-
Quando selecionado um conjunto de clulas e se utiliza o culos, como j vimos, possvel expandirmos as funes sem a
comando Editar Preencher. necessidade de redigitar a frmula. Entenda os diferentes tipos
Ou ainda utilizamos a ala de preenchimento (quadrado no de referncia utilizada pelo Excel e como so as variaes. A
canto inferior direito da clula selecionada). referncia so os endereos de clula onde esto os valores que
a funo que voc est montando ir utilizar.
As referncias relativas so incrementadas pelo Excel na
linha e/ou na coluna consoante se preenche as clulas ao longo Remotas: so referncias feitas a dados de outros aplicati-
das colunas e das linhas. As referncias absolutas no so alte- vos (ex: uma planilha com referncia a uma tabela do Access)
radas. As referncias mistas s so alteradas na parte no xa. Externas: so referncias feitas a clulas de outras pla-
O caractere $ numa referncia signica xar. nilhas.
Dica: possvel pressionar a tecla de funo F4 para auto-
Internas: so referncias feitas a clulas da mesma plani-
completar a sequncia previamente feita.
lha. Nas referncias externas e internas existem 3 categorias de
referncias: Relativas, Absolutas e Mistas:
Ala de cpia ou Ala de preenchimento
Relativas: Ao Copiar uma clula e Colar seu contedo em
No canto inferior direito de clula ativa h um pequeno outras clulas seu valor ser alterado relativamente a primeira
quadrado denominado Ala de cpia ou preenchimento. Este clula que foi digitada (copiada). Como representa uma posio
pequeno boto realiza a cpia do contedo de uma clula, relativa, sempre que a referncia copiada ou deslocada, ela
se for texto, e o cola nas demais clulas sequenciais caso atualiza-se em funo da nova posio.
voc posicione o mouse sobre este boto, clique, mantenha
pressionado e desloque o mouse pelas linhas ou colunas
desejadas, repare que somente nas clulas sequenciais.
Caso o contedo da clula seja nmero ou texto com
nmero, o programa incrementa o valor existente na clula
e altera o valor nas demais clulas. Incrementar somar 1.
Por exemplo na clula C1 ns temos o texto: Soluo 1. Po-
sicionando o mouse sobre a ala o mouse mudar seu layout
de cruz branca e larga para preta e na, este o indicativo
que o mouse est sobre a ala de cpia preenchimento. Absolutas: Mas nem sempre desejamos que a frmula se
Neste caso, se eu clicar sobre a ala e puxar at a clula c10, "propague". Neste caso colocamos um cifro - $ - antes da letra
o contedo de C10 ser preenchido automaticamente pelo para evitar que a coluna seja alterada (incrementada), ou antes
programa para: Soluo 10, o programa incrementou, somou do nmero para evitar que a linha seja alterada. Observe que
1, a contagem existente na clula. agora a frmula se manteve constante.
26 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Mistas: Quando precisamos de uma combinao das duas Comentrios na clula

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
situaes, colocamos o cifro frente apenas da letra da coluna possvel inserir comentrios nas clulas. Os comentrios
(ex: $A1) ou do nmero da linha (ex:A$1). Assim, "travamos a servem para esclarecer o contedo da clula.
propagao" da Coluna ou da Linha.
Basta clicar com o boto secundrio do mouse sobre uma
Observe, a seguir, que parte da frmula est sem o cifro - e clula e escolher Inserir comentrio. A clula que possui o
por isso se alterou - e a outra parte ou "travada" em B1, em comentrio possui um pequeno triangulo vermelho no canto
virtude da colocao do cifro antes de B e de 1. superior direito.

Pesquisa Inteligente
A Pesquisa Inteligente usa o Bing para fornecer resultados
de pesquisa para o termo ou frase selecionado. Est localizado
na Guia Reviso no Grupo Ideias.

Frmulas
Utilizamos frmulas para fazermos clculos simples no
MS-Excel.
Basta iniciar com o sinal de igual (=)
Se voc criou uma frmula e deseja alterar as referncias
relativas para absolutas (e vice-versa), selecione a clula que Digitar o endereo da clula e o operador matemtico.
contm a frmula. Na barra de frmulas, selecione a referncia =A2+A3
que voc deseja alterar e pressione a tecla de funo F4. Sempre =C20-D45
que voc pressionar F4, o Excel alternar o cifro $ travando =G44*S79
somente a letra, somente o nmero, ambos ou nenhum. Para
editar uma clula basta clicar sobre ela duas vezes ou apenas =M45/D45
uma e pressionar a tecla de funo F2. =D3+R5-T38*S4/R10+F5-P16

Funo
Funes embutidas ou encastrada
Uma funo possui a seguinte sintaxe:
Diz-se que uma funo se encontra embutida (aninhada),
quando utilizada como argumento (operando) de outra funo. Sempre inicia com sinal de igual = ou @
Exemplo: Nome da funo, o que ser executado por ela: SOMA,
MULT, SE, MXIMO, etc.
=SOMA(2;3;4;A1:B7;A9)
Os endereos de clulas (parmetros) que possuem os valo-
D o mesmo resultado de:
res que sero usados pela funo sempre viro entre parnteses
(A2:A10), entre os endereos podem ser inseridos dois pontos
ou ponto e vrgula (A2:A10) (A2;A10)
Quando os endereos so separados por dois pontos (A2 :
O Excel suporta at SETE nveis de ANINHAMENTO A10), a funo obter os valores de todas as clulas entre A2 e
A10, ou seja, A2, A3, A4 ... A10)
Utilizao do Assistente de Funes Quando os endereos so separados por ponto e vrgula (A2
; A10) somente os endereos informados sero utilizados pela
As funes podem ser digitadas: diretamente na planilha funo, ou seja, somente os valores existentes nas clulas A2 e
ou atravs do Assistente de Funes que d acesso lista das A10 sero utilizados.
funes, ajudando tambm a construir a estrutura da funo
No MS-Excel no se preocupe em digitar o nome da funo
com letra maiscula ou acentua-la, isto o programa realiza
Mensagens de Erros mais comuns no Excel
automaticamente, basta somente digitar o nome correto da fun-
O tamanho da coluna no suciente para o. Em outras sutes, como o BrOfce, obrigatrio acentuar
##### a palavra, caso contrrio, o programa exibir um erro e no
exibir seu valor. Somente com nmeros
realizar o clculo.
Na frmula existe a referncia para uma clula
#REF! A funo SOMA( ), por exemplo, exige como argumentos
que no existe.
a especicao da clula inicial e da clula nal separadas
#DIV/0! A frmula est tentando dividir um valor por 0. por dois-pontos ou, ento, uma srie de endereos de clulas
separados por ponto-e-vrgula.
A frmula possui um texto que o Excel no Cada funo possui uma sintaxe prpria, ou seja, espera-se
#NOME? que os seus argumentos sejam especicados em uma ordem
reconhece.
determinada. Se isso no ocorrer, haver um erro que faz com
#VALOR! Frmula possui um tipo errado de argumento. que o resultado no seja produzido ou uma mensagem de adver-
tncia seja exibida.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 27
O nmero e tipo de argumentos requeridos variam de funo CUIDADO: OS NMERO REPETIDOS TAMBM

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
para funo. Um argumento pode ser: Nmeros, Texto, Valores CONTAM. Se existirem dois nmeros 5 ambos so contados
lgicos, Valores de erro, Referncias ou Matrizes. para saber qual o valor referenciado no K-simo.
Usando referncias a outras clulas, voc pode especificar
diretamente o endereo de uma clula ou ento uma faixa de MENOR =MENOR(A1:A30;4)
clulas, usando dois-pontos para separar a clula inicial e final. Semelhante a funo anterior, funciona do mesmo jeito,
Quando uma funo possuir mais de um argumento, eles devem apenas o K-simo referenciar o menor nmero.
ser separados por um ponto-e-vrgula.
MDIA =MDIA(B1:H1)
MODELOS DE FUNES
Esta funo retorna a mdia aritmtica do intervalo. NO
NECESSRIO INSERIR DIVISO NA FUNO, ELA
AGORA =AGORA()
MESMA FAR OS CLCULOS AUTOMATICAMENTE.
Retorna a data e hora atuais. Se o formato da clula era Geral
antes de a funo ser inserida, o resultado ser formatado como SE =SE(F2>=5;APROVADO;REPROVADO)
uma data. Esta funo no possui argumentos, os parnteses
devem digitados sem nada entre eles. Esta funo dividida em trs partes, separadas por ;. A
primeira parte F2>=5 chamada de TESTE LGICO. Este
HOJE =HOJE() teste uma vericao que o Excel realiza. No exemplo o Excel
verica se o valor que est na clula F2 maior que 5 ou maior
Esta funo retorna a data atual. Sempre que a planilha for que 5, isto representado pelos smbolos >=. A segunda parte
aberta a data atualizada. Esta funo importante quando se da nossa funo APROVADO a ao que o Excel executar
tem um controle de estoque com o controle de vencimento de caso o teste lgico for verdadeiro. J a terceira parte da funo
produtos por exemplo. REPROVADO a ao executada pelo programa caso o teste
lgico for falso.
SOMA =SOMA(A1:A10)
Ficou um pouco confuso, ento vamos falar mais um pouco
Esta funo realiza a soma de todos as clulas relacionadas entre
sobre nosso exemplo. A funo SE executa uma ao baseada
parnteses. Lembrando que os endereos separados entre dois pon-
no teste lgico.
tos : formam um intervalo, ou seja, aqui so exibidos os endereos
inicial e nal das clulas e todos os intermedirios tambm fazem Como vimos F2>=5 nosso teste. Vamos supor que o
parte do clculo. J os endereos separados por ponto e vrgula ; valor existente na clula F2 seja um nmero maior que 5,
somente os endereos relacionados fazem parte do clculo. ento nosso teste lgico verdadeiro (true), porque? Porque
a funo disse F2 maior ou igual a 5, se o nmero encontrado
for exatamente o 5 ou qualquer outro nmero maior que 5
nosso teste verdadeiro.
Agora, se a funo encontrar em F2 um nmero menor que
5, qualquer um inclusive negativo, o teste ser falso (false).
Agora o que a funo SE faz com este resultado, verdadeiro ou
falso? Executa UMA DAS AES descritas na sequncia da
funo VERDADEIRO;FALSO.
Ento se o nmero encontrado em F2 for igual a 5 ou maior
MULT =MULT(C8:C10) que 5 a funo vai inserir APROVADO na clula sem aspas,
Esta funo multiplica todos os valores que se encontram elas indicam para a funo que um texto. Se o valor existente
dentro do intervalo. em F2 for menor que 5 (4,999999999 j serve, menor que 5) a
funo vai inserir a palavra REPROVADO. Quando o teste lgico
MXIMO =MXIMO(D1:D10) der verdadeiro a funo executa o que estiver aps o primeiro ;.
Quando o teste lgico der falso a funo executa o que estiver aps
Esta funo exibe o maior valor existente no intervalo. o segundo ; no nosso caso, insere um texto, que REPROVADO.

MNIMO =MNIMO(F5:F20) Existem casos que so inseridas outras funes dentro da

funo SE.
Esta funo exibe o menor valor existente no intervalo.
Por exemplo:
MAIOR =MAIOR(A1:A30;2) =SE(F2>=5;SOMA(A1:A10;SOMA(B1:B10))
Esta funo retorna o MAIOR valor do intervalo referen- Neste exemplo quando o teste lgico for verdadeiro a fun-
ciado pelo K-simo. Na funo de exemplo o 2 maior nmero o somar os valores de todas as clulas iniciando em A1 e
ser exibido. O K-simo o nmero inserido aps o intervalo e terminando em A10 e exibir o resultado desta soma. Caso o
separado dele por ;. =MAIOR(A1:A30;2). Se o K-simo for teste lgico for falso, a funo somar os valores de todas as
3, ser exibido o 3 maior nmero existente no intervalo. clulas iniciando em B1 at B10.
28 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

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SE E = SE(E(1CONDIO;2 CONDIO);VERDADEIRO;FALSO)
Nesta funo duas condies so analisadas ao invs de uma como na funo anterior. Veja o exemplo a seguir:

Para que o atleta possa participar da corrida necessrio atender a dois requisitos: ter 17 anos ou mais e ter mais de 1,70m. Para
que o teste lgico seja verdadeiro ambas as condies devem ser verdadeiras. Desta forma montamos o TESTE LGICO com duas
condies, idade e altura, onde B2 (idade) >=17 e C2 (altura) >1,7.
Analisando o resultado: Mrcio tem idade mas no tem altura, por isso, a funo retornou No competir (falso).
Ana no tem idade mas tem altura, por isso, a funo retornou No competir (falso).
Maria tem idade e altura, por isso, a funo retornou Competir (verdadeiro).
Joo tem idade e altura, por isso, a funo retornou Competir (verdadeiro).

CONTSE =CONTSE(D2:D5;COMPETIR)
Esta funo conta quantas clulas possuem o parmetro que passado aps o ponto e vrgula ; no caso COMPETIR

Aproveitando o exemplo anterior vamos contar quantos atletas participaro da corrida, no caso, 2 atletas.

CONCATENAR =CONCATENAR(A1;B1)
Concatenar signica juntar, desta forma, esta funo junta o que estiver em A1 com o que estiver em B1, conforme o exemplo acima.
Se em A1 estiver o texto Editora e em B1 o texto Soluo, o resultado da funo do exemplo ser EditoraSoluo,
sem espao entre os textos. Para inserir o espao digite =CONCATENAR(A1; ;B1) desta forma a funo vai inserir o que
estiver em A1, o espao em branco que est entre as aspas e o que estiver em B1 cando Editora Soluo. possvel utilizar
o caractere & no lugar da funo cando assim =A1& &B1 isso ter o mesmo efeito.

SOMASE =SOMASE(A1:A5;<5)
Esta funo soma os valores de um intervalo que atendem a um critrio. No exemplo sero somados apenas os valores que
forem maior que 5. Ampliando um pouco na funo =SOMASE(A1:A5;<5;B1:B5) a soma ocorrer no intervalo B1:B5 apenas
nas clulas que o critrio for atingido no intervalo A1:A5. Vamos supor que no intervalo A1:A5 somente A1 e A3 possuam valores
maiores que cinco, porm as clulas que sero somadas sero B1 e B3.

Referncia entre Planilhas

Como vimos anteriormente o Excel, na sua congurao padro, inicia com trs planilhas como vemos abaixo:

Para fazer um clculo utilizando os valores contidos em outras planilhas utilizamos a seguinte sintaxe:
=SOMA(Plan1!D2:D5;B1:B15)
Para exemplicar vou utilizar a funo acima supondo que estamos digitando-a na planilha Plan2. Ento a funo SOMAR
os valores que esto no intervalo D2:D5 da planilha 1 Plan1 com os valores que se encontram no intervalo B1:B5 da planilha
atual, no caso Plan2.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 29

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Power Point 2016 2016 (editor de apresentaes)

O Microsoft Ofce Power Point 2016 um software aplicativo de apresentao que auxilia os usurios na criao de apresen-
taes prossionais, de alto impacto e dinmicas. um aplicativo que permite elaborar apresentaes contendo texto, guras e som
e muito utilizado em reunies empresariais, aulas e trabalhos escolares.

Nivelando o conhecimento!
Antes de falarmos sobre o aplicativo Power Point vamos conhecer algumas nomenclaturas utilizadas nesta apostila.
Slide: So os painis que sero exibidos sequencialmente durante a apresentao. Nestes painis onde montamos os objetos
que sero exibidos na apresentao. Estes objetos podem ser texto, guras, grcos, tabelas, autoformas, etc. Elas podem vim
acompanhadas de som e/ou animaes. Existem vrios modelos de Slide. O tipo e sequncia em que sero montados faz parte da
sua criatividade.
Design: So modelos com cores, molduras e efeitos visuais com acabamentos bem atraente e prossional. So modelos previa-
mente instalados e com muitos outros que podem ser baixados do site da Microsoft. Caso voc receba uma apresentao por e-mail
ou que esteja disponvel na Internet possvel salvar o design da apresentao e utiliza-la em suas prprias apresentaes.
Animao: Como o prprio nome diz, so efeitos visuais animados que podem ser personalizados na entrada, durante a apre-
sentao e na nalizao dos objetos que estiverem no Slide.
Transio: o efeito atribudo a troca de Slide. Voc personaliza o efeito de como o Slide naliza e como o prximo Slide
inicia sua apresentao.

A interface do Microsoft Power Point 2016

H uma srie de mudanas proeminentes para a aparncia e funcionalidade do Microsoft Power Point 2016.
Vamos dar uma olhada na sua interface mais recente.
A Faixa de Opes um painel que contm grupos funcionais de botes e listas e menus organizadas em Guias. A faixa de
opes foi projetada para ajud-lo a encontrar rapidamente os comandos que voc precisa para completar uma tarefa
A Faixa de Opes composta por um conjunto de guias que possuem diferentes funcionalidades do Power Point como criar
slides, inserir mdia em slides ou aplicar animaes. Cada Guia dividida em Grupos, como o grupo Fonte.
H tambm "guias contextuais" que aparecem, dependendo do que voc est trabalhando e selecionado no Slide.
Por exemplo, se voc inseriu imagens, a guia Ferramentas de imagem aparece sempre que uma imagem for selecionada.

A Barra de Ferramentas de Acesso Rpido

A Barra de Ferramentas de Acesso Rpido uma pequena barra de ferramentas na parte superior esquerda da janela do aplicativo
que voc pode personalizar para conter os botes para as funes que voc usa com mais frequncia. Por padro, default, os botes
exibidos na instalao so: Salvar, Desfazer, Refazer e Iniciar do Incio (apresentao). possvel congurar esta barra para exibir
quantos e quais comandos voc preferir.
30 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Diga-me o que voc deseja fazer. O conceito do Backstage facilitar e simplicar o acesso

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e execuo de tarefas rotineiras, tais como imprimir, exportar,
O recurso Diga-me o que voc deseja fazer permite aos
salvar e compartilhar um documento, planilha ou apresentao.
usurios inserir palavras e frases relacionadas ao que voc quer
Aes como congurar a impresso de um documento caram
fazer de modo bem fcil e gil. Ele tambm pode ser usado para
muito mais simples, com visualizao em tempo real do formato
procurar informaes relacionadas a algum assunto. Ele est
nal do documento.
localizado aps a ltima Guia na Faixa de Opes.

Galerias ou Temas
Uma Galeria uma coleo de formatos pr-denidos que
podem ser aplicados a vrios elementos nos aplicativos Ofce
como a Galeria de Temas no Power Point na Guia Design
Grupo Temas.
As selees em uma Galeria incorporaram um recurso cha-
mado Live Preview. Quando o cursor do mouse paira sobre uma
seleo em uma Galeria, o documento assume os atributos de
formatao dessa seleo fornecendo uma pr-visualizao de
como essa seleo ser exibida quando aplicada aquele modelo. Visualizaes
PowerPoint 2016 aberto na exibio normal mostrando o
Mini Barra de ferramentas painel de slides no lado esquerdo da janela e o Slide seleciona-
A Mini Barra de Ferramentas uma barra de ferramentas do, em edio, exibido de forma ampliada no centro.
semitransparente que aparece quando voc seleciona o texto.
Quando o cursor do mouse paira sobre a Mini Barra de Ferra- Painel de Slides
mentas, ele ca completamente slido e pode ser usado para
1. O painel Slides exibe todos os slides disponveis em uma
formatar o texto selecionado.
apresentao e ajuda a navegar pela apresentao. Os slides so
listados em sequncia e voc pode alternar sua ordem arrastan-
Barra de status do um slide at a posio desejada.
A barra de status pode ser personalizada para exibir
informaes especcas. Esta barra ca localizada na parte Visualizao de Slides
inferior da janela. Clicando com o boto direito do mouse na
2. Selecione um slide no painel de slides para visualiz-lo
barra de status aparece um menu que permite selecionar qual
na janela de visualizao de slides. Na visualizao de Slides
contedo da barra de status voc quer xar, basta marcar ou
possvel fazer qualquer alterao no Slide e conferir seu layout.
desmarcando um item.
Voc pode adicionar grcos, vdeo e udio, criar hiperlinks e
adicionar animaes a qualquer slide.

Painel de Notas
3. Pode ser til usar o Painel de Notas para se lembrar de
pontos da Apresentao. Estas notas pessoais tambm podem
ser impressas para futuras referencias. As notas introduzidas
neste Painel no sero exibidas na apresentao dos Slides.

Guia ou Menu Arquivo

A guia Arquivo, ou menu Arquivo, fornece um local centra-
lizado chamado Microsoft Ofce Backstage. A exibio Backs-
tage usada para todas as tarefas de gerenciamento relacionadas
ao arquivo do PowerPoint como: abertura, criao, fechamento,
compartilhamento, salvamento, impresso, converso em PDF,
envio por e-mail e publicao. A visualizao Backstage tambm
permite visualizar as propriedades do documento, denir geren-
ciando diferentes verses do mesmo documento.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 31
Criando uma apresentao Cabealho e rodap

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Para criar uma apresentao clique na Guia Arquivo e em Ocasionalmente necessrio adicionar informaes ao
Novo, depois clique duas vezes em Apresentao em Branco. cabealho ou rodap de uma apresentao do PowerPoint, pode
ser habilitada apenas para impresso, ou ambos, exibio e im-
Como salvar uma apresentao presso. Voc pode inserir informaes como o nome do autor,
data e hora, organizao, etc.
Voc criou uma nova apresentao. Agora, voc deve salvar
a apresentao para que voc possa us-la mais tarde. Para inserir um cabealho e/ou rodap clique na Guia Inserir
e no Grupo Texto clique em Cabealho e Rodap.
O comando Salvar, disponvel na guia Arquivo, usado para
salvar uma apresentao recm-criada ou para salvar as altera- Na nova janela selecione se voc gostaria de adicionar essas
es feitas a uma apresentao existente. Ao salvar um arquivo conguraes aos slides ou notas e folhetos na guia apropriada.
pela primeira vez, voc ser questionado a digitar um nome para Clique dentro da caixa de seleo para adicionar a data e hora
a apresentao e em que local pretende que o cheiro a ser salvo. ou o nmero do slide.
Digite informaes adicionais, como o nome do autor na
Formatos de arquivo caixa Rodap. Se desejar que essas informaes apaream em
O Power Point 2016 usa a apresentao do Power Point todos os slides, clique em Aplicar a Todos.
(.pptx) como o formato de arquivo padro. Formatos adicionais
de tipos do Power Point 97-2003 (.ppt), o Power Point Show
(.ppsx), o Power Point Show 97-2003 (.pps), Windows Media
Video (.wmv), bem como GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIF e BMP.
O Power Point Show uma apresentao que sempre abre
no modo de exibio de apresentao de slides em vez de na
exibio normal.

Novo Slide
Durante a criao de uma nova apresentao e salvando as
alteraes feitas talvez seja necessrio adicionar slides apre-
sentao para incluir mais informaes.
1. No painel de slides, selecione o slide que voc gostaria de
inserir um novo slide depois.
Imprimir sua apresentao
2. Na guia Pgina Inicial, da faixa de opes, clique na seta
suspensa ao lado de Novo slide, dentro do Grupo Slides, para Para visualizao Backstage clique na guia Arquivo. Cli-
exibir a lista de layouts dos Slides. que em Imprimir para exibir as conguraes da impressora.
Indique o nmero de cpias que gostaria de imprimir, selecione
3. Na lista suspensa do Novo slide, selecione um layout para a impressora. Em congurao escolha o intervalo que ser im-
inserir. presso, ou digite o nmero dos Slides desejado. Escolha quantos
Utilizando o atalho de teclado CTRL+M tambm possvel Slides sero impressos em cada pgina. Escolha se os Slides
inserir um novo Slide, porm, sem a opo de escolher o mode- estaro Agrupados e por ltimo a cor.
lo, o Slide inserido ser do mesmo modelo do ltimo utilizado.
Comentrios
Formatao de texto
Comentrios so anotaes que podem ser usadas como
Ao criar uma apresentao poder ser necessrio a formata-
o do texto inserido. Para editar o texto em uma apresentao: auxlio para relembrar os tpicos ou detalhes que devem ser
abordados em uma apresentao. Comentrios podem ser inse-
1. Selecione o texto (clicando com o boto esquerdo do
ridos em um Slide.
mouse e mantendo o clique esquerdo ao arrastar o cursor do
mouse em todo o texto). Para inserir um comentrio clique na Guia Reviso e em
2. Use o Grupo Fonte na Guia Pgina Inicial ou selecione o Novo Comentrio no Grupo Comentrios
texto e aparecer a Mini Barra de Ferramentas, nesta, escolha a Adicionar udio e vdeo a uma apresentao do Power Point
formatao desejvel. pode ser muito til e pode transformar sua apresentao mais
3. Faa as alteraes necessrias fonte e clique fora do atraente para o seu pblico. udio pode ser adicionado a slides
espao reservado para aceitar a alterao. na forma de fundo de Msica, efeitos sonoros ou gravaes. O
vdeo tambm pode ser adicionado a um slide e reproduzido.
Inserindo Fotos
Esta uma tima maneira de tornar sua apresentao mais
Para inserir uma foto armazenada em seu computador cli-
atraente para o seu pblico.
que na Guia Inserir, e no Grupo Imagens clique em Imagens.
Navegue at a pasta onde est a imagem desejada e clique duas No Power Point 2016, voc pode inserir e reproduzir vrios
vezes sobre ela. formatos de arquivo diferentes:
32 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Inserindo um vdeo de um arquivo

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
FORMATO DE ARQUIVO EXTENSO
1. Navegue at o slide onde deseja inserir um vdeo.
AIFF Audio le .aiff
2. Clique na guia Inserir.
AU Audio le .au
3. Clique na seta suspensa Vdeo.
MIDI le .mid ou .midi 4. Clique em Vdeo em Meu PC
MP3 Audio le .mp3 5. Navegue at a pasta onde est o arquivo, selecione-o e
clique em Inserir.
Advanced Audio Coding - MPEG-4 Audio le .m4a, .mp4
6. O vdeo ser Inserido em seu Slide. Faa os ajustes de
Windows Audio le .wav tamanho manualmente arrastando as bordas da janela redimen-
Windows Media Audio le .wma sionando o tamanho do vdeo.

Formatos de vdeos suportados:
FILE FORMAT
Windows Media le
Windows Video le (alguns arquivos .avi ne-
cessitam de codec adicional)
Ocultando um slide
Se houver um slide que voc no deseja mostrar durante sua
EXTENSO apresentao, o Power Point 2016 oferece a opo para ocultar
um slide.
.asf 1. Selecione o slide que voc deseja ocultar.
2. Clique na guia Apresentao de slides.
.avi
3. Selecione Ocultar slide no grupo Congurar

MP4 Video le .mp4, .m4v, .mov O Slide s poder ser visualizado no Painel de Slides, duran-
te a apresentao o Slide no ser exibido.
Movie le .mpg ou .mpeg

Adobe Flash Media .swf

Transies
Transies so usadas para controlar o ritmo de sua apre-
Windows Media Video le .wmv sentao e criar um uxo melhor entre slides. Ao invs de
simplesmente mudar de um slide para o seguinte, voc pode
aplicar efeitos especiais na transio deles.
udio
No Power Point 2016, voc pode adicionar udio sua apre- Adicionando uma transio de slides
sentao inserindo um arquivo de udio do seu computador, ou
ainda gravar um udio. 1. Selecione o slide ao qual deseja aplicar uma transio.
Para inserir um udio clique na Guia Inserir e no comando 2. Selecione a guia Transies.
udio do Grupo Mdia. No menu suspenso clique em udio
3. Selecione um efeito de transio do grupo Transies
em Meu PC, para inserir um arquivo de udio, ou clique em
para este slide. Selecione a seta para baixo para visualizar
Gravar udio para criar um arquivo de udio e inserir no Slide.
Clicando em udio em Meu PC voc deve navegar at onde todas as transies disponveis de uma vez.
est armazenado seu arquivo , selecione-o, e clique no boto 4- Depois de selecionar um tipo de transio, clique em
Inserir. No seu Slide aparecer um cone no formato de auto Visualizar para exibir o efeito no slide.
falante, ele o som que voc inseiriu.
5- Se voc deseja aplicar a mesma transio para todos os
Reproduzir msica de fundo em todos os slides slides na apresentao, clique em Aplicar a Todos no Grupo
Intervalo.
1. Selecione o arquivo de udio a ser reproduzido em todos
os slides.
Criando uma ou mais animaes personalizadas
2. Na guia contextual Ferramentas de udio, selecione a guia
Reproduo. 1. Clique na Guia Animaes.
3. Clique no boto Reproduzir no fundo. O arquivo de udio 2. Clique no objeto (por exemplo: clipart, texto, tabela) que
ser reproduzido em todos os slides at o nal da apresentao. voc gostaria de animar para selecion-lo.
3. Clique no boto Adicionar Animao.
Vdeo
4. Selecione a animao na lista suspensa que oferece quatro
O Power Point 2016 permite inserir um vdeo em um slide
e reproduzi-lo durante a apresentao. Voc pode editar o tipos de efeitos de animao:
vdeo dentro do Power Point 2016 usando o recurso de corte e A) Entrada: Os objetos podem entrar no slide atravs de
o recurso de fade in / fade out. Voc tambm pode formatar a qualquer um dos efeitos de entrada, incluindo Surgir, Flutuar,
aparncia do vdeo. Girar, Barras Elstico, etc.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 33
Nota: Se voc no aplicar um efeito de entrada, o objeto
ANOTAES

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
animado comea na posio em que o colocou no slide.
B. nfase: Este efeito chama a ateno para um objeto que
_________________________
j est no slide atravs de qualquer um dos efeitos de nfase _________________________
disponveis, incluindo pulso, rotao, Clarear, Vaivm, etc. _________________________
C. Sair: os objetos podem deixar o slide atravs de qualquer um _________________________
dos efeitos de sada, como desaparecer, Sair, Flutuar, Dividir,etc.
_________________________
D. Caminhos de movimento: os objetos podem viajar ao
longo de uma trilha que foi criada com base em caminhos de
_________________________
movimento predenidos utilizando um dos quatro caminhos _________________________
personalizados desenhados: Linha, Curva, Forma Livre e Loops. _________________________
Nota: Para ver uma pr-visualizao da animao, selecione
uma animao e na faixa de opes clique em Visualizar.
_________________________
_________________________
Fazendo sua Apresentao de slides _________________________
Iniciando uma Apresentao _________________________
1- Clique na Guia Apresentao de Slides _________________________
2- No Grupo Iniciar Apresentao de Slides escolha se de- _________________________
seja iniciar a Apresentao Do Comeo, primeiro Slide (atalho _________________________
de teclado: F5), ou Do Slide Atual (atalho de teclado: Shift+F5)
_________________________
3- Para avanar sua apresentao, fazer a troca de Slides, voc
pode: pressionar a tecla Enter, Barra de Espao, Clicar com o
_________________________
boto secundrio do mouse, Seta para a direita ou Page UP. _________________________
Seta para a esquerda e Page Down voltam ao Slide anterior. _________________________
Para nalizar sua apresentao e retornar ao modo de edio _________________________
de Slides pressione a tecla ESC. _________________________
possvel iniciar sua apresentao clicando no cone _________________________
que ca na Barra de Status, prximo aos botes de visualizao
no lado direito.
_________________________
_________________________
Avanando slides automaticamente _________________________
Voc pode denir seus slides para avanar automaticamente _________________________
para que voc no ter que avan-los manualmente.
_________________________
1. Selecione o slide que voc gostaria de aplicar um tempo
para avanar.
_________________________
2. Selecione a guia Transies na faixa de opes.
_________________________
3. No grupo Intervalo, na seo Avanar Slide, desative a
_________________________
opo Ao Clicar com o Mouse e ative a opo Aps e insira a _________________________
quantidade de tempo que voc gostaria de exibir o slide. _________________________
Inserindo lbum de fotograa
_________________________
Com o Power Point 2016 muito fcil montar um lbum de
_________________________
fotograa com suas fotos favoritas. Voc pode aplicar os efeitos _________________________
nas fotos e utilizar a transio de Slides e o Design para fazer _________________________
uma apresentao bem charmosa e prossional. _________________________
1- Clique na Guia Inserir _________________________
2- No Grupo Imagens clique em lbum de Fotograas _________________________
3- Escolha a pasta onde esto suas fotos favoritas _________________________
4- Selecione as fotos que deseja inserir e clique em Inserir _________________________
5- Cada foto ser inserida separadamente em um Slide _________________________
6- Aplique os Efeitos de Temas, Transio de Slides, Sons
utilizando todos os recursos
_________________________
34 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
CORREIO ELETRNICO: uso de correio
eletrnico, preparo e envio de mensagens,
anexao de arquivos Destinatrios e assunto da mensagem

Outlook Express 6 Para: digitar o(s) endereo(s) eletrnico do(s) destinatrio(s)

O software de correio eletrnico mais popular o Outlook, da mensagem. Se houver mais de um endereado, separ-los com
ponto e vrgula (;).
da Microsoft. Uma verso simples deste software denominado
Outlook Express e disponvel no Windows. Cc: Abreviao do termo com cpia. Informar o endereo de
outros destinatrios. Como boa prtica de envio de mensagens,
Nele possvel congurar uma ou mais contas de e-mail, o objetivo de copiar pessoas nas mensagens eletrnicas, dar
organizar as mensagens e listas de contatos em pastas, alm de cincia do contedo. Os destinatrios da mensagem informados
monitorar o recebimento de novas mensagens. A Figura mostra a no campo Para: visualizaro os endereos das pessoas copiadas.
janela principal do Outlook, a qual exploraremos a seguir. Veja o exemplo da Figura.
Cenrio exemplo
Jos Gerente do Almoxarifado;
Joo Gerente do setor de Com-
pras;
Joaquim auxiliar administrativo
do Departamento de Compras,
logo, subordinado a Joo.
Jos solicita, por e-mail, Joa-
quim, a aquisio de materiais de
escritrio, mas deseja dar cincia
da solicitao ao superior imedia-
to de Joaquim.

Janela do Outlook Express Joaquim e Joo recebero a

mensagem.
Conhecendo o Outlook Express Joaquim saber que o seu
Gerente tambm recebeu
De modo geral, o funcionamento deste software de correio
eletrnico bastante simples. A barra de ferramentas, ilustrada (a) (b)
na Figura, traz quatro funes bsicas: a) Criar e-mail; b) Enviar Exemplo de e-mail. (a) Descrio do cenrio. (b) Mensagem pronta para ser
enviada.
e Receber mensagens; c) Catlogo de Endereos; e d) Localizar.
Cco: Abreviao do termo Com cpia oculta. Este recurso
interessante para que os receptores das mensagens no tenham
acesso a quem mais ela foi endereada. Como boa prtica de
envio de mensagem, quando uma mensagem for endereada a
Ferramentas do Outlook Express
uma lista muito grande de destinatrios, recomenda-se colocar a
Criar e-mail no Outlook Express lista de endereos no campo Cpia Oculta (Cco:)
Ao clicar boto Criar e-mail, a janela de mensagem ser
aberta, como apresentada na Figura. A mensagem a ser enviada
e o endereo de e-mail do destinatrio da mensagem, a ser infor- Joaquim, Joo e o Auditor
mado no campo Para:, so os nicos itens obrigatrios de serem recebero a mensagem.
preenchidos. Os demais, embora recomendados, so opcionais.
Joaquim saber que Joo, seu
Gerente, tambm recebeu.

Joaquim e Joo no sabero

que o Auditor tambm rece-
beu a mensagem.

O Auditor saber que a men-

sagem foi enviada por Jos,
endereada para Joaquim,
Janela para criar nova mensagem eletrnica copiado Joo.
Exemplo de e-mail com cpia oculta e arquivo anexo.
Os campos Para:, Cc:, e Assunto: so campos importantes
de serem preenchidos. O usurio poder enderear a mensagem As mensagens dos exemplos das Figuras esto prontas para
a um ou mais endereos de e-mail. Veja na Figura XXX um serem enviadas. A barra de ferramentas abaixo, disponvel na janela
exemplo destes campos preenchidos. O protocolo de um ende- de mensagem, traz recursos que podero ser usados para edio da
reo de correio eletrnico mensagem antes do envio do e-mail. Cada item da barra de ferra-
alias@dominio.com.br ou alias@dominio.com mentas da janela de mensagem apresentado a seguir.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 35

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Trabalhar off-line, indica que o computador pode ou
no estar conectado Internet, mas a mensagem
Barra de ferramentas da janela de mensagem do Outlook Express no ser enviada.

O Outlook Express
Envia a mensagem para os endereos cadastrados A janela do Outlook organizada em uma estrutura dividida
nos campos Para:, Cc: e Cco. em quatro partes, conforme pode ser observado na Figura. Esta
estrutura permite ao usurio ter acesso rpido aos itens relevantes
de um sistema de correio eletrnico, a saber: as pastas, as men-
(a)
sagens gravadas em cada pasta, a lista de contatos e a leitura do
contedo da mensagem. Adicionalmente, as barras de menus e
ferramentas oferecem funcionalidades, ou seja, o que possvel
fazer dentro deste ambiente.
(b)

(a) Para textos selecionados no corpo da mensagem, os

recursos Recortar, Copiar, Colar e Desfazer, presentes
em todos os editores de texto, estaro disponveis na
edio das mensagens de e-mail. Lembrar dos atalhos:
Recortar : Ctrl + X
Copiar : Ctrl + C
Colar : Ctrl + V
Desfazer : Ctrl + Z Janela padro do Outlook.
(a) Barra de Menu. (b) Barra de Ferramentas padro.
(b) Se no houver textos selecionados, os botes caro (c) Pastas do Outlook. (d) Lista de mensagens.
desabilitados para o uso. (e) Lista de Contatos. (f) Contedo da mensagem selecionada.

Recurso para inserir um arquivo em uma mensagem.

Pastas do Outlook (padro)
No menu Inserir, clique em Anexo e localize o O Outlook, bem como vrios outros softwares de correio
arquivo a ser anexado. Selecione o arquivo e clique eletrnico, possuem cinco pastas padro. Estas no podem ser
em Anexar. O arquivo selecionado ser listado na excludas ou renomeadas:
caixa Anexar do cabealho da mensagem.
1. Caixa de Entrada : todas as mensagens recebidas so,
Permite selecionar, no catlogo de endereos, con- automaticamente, armazenadas na Caixa de Entrada.
tatos para adicionar aos destinatrios da mensagem. 2. Caixa de sada: as mensagens enviadas vo para caixa
de sada at serem denitivamente enviadas.
Vericao ortogrca um recurso que percorre o 3. Itens enviados: as mensagens enviadas saem da caixa
texto a m de buscar palavras digitadas ortograca- de sada e so armazenadas na pasta Itens Enviados.
mente erradas. O vericador sugere a correo, caso
4. Itens excludos: as mensagens excludas de qualquer
possua em seu banco de dados, palavras similares.
outra pasta cam armazenadas na pasta Itens excludos.
As mensagens excludas desta pasta so apagadas do
Permite denir uma dentre trs prioridades que uma
computador, denitivamente.
mensagem pode ter. Mensagem de prioridade normal
no tem indicador especial. 5. Rascunho: as mensagens escritas e salvas, mas no
enviadas, cam armazenadas na pasta Rascunho. Men-
! A mensagem foi marcada como de alta prioridade sagens editadas nesta pasta, quando enviadas, vo para
pelo remetente.
a pasta Caixa de sada at serem enviadas por completo
A mensagem foi marcada como de baixa prioridade e, em seguida, pasta Itens enviados.
pelo remetente
Outras pastas podero ser criadas pelo usurio, dentro ou
fora das pastas padro, a m de facilitar a organizao das
Assinar a mensagem digitalmente. mensagens. A maneira de criar pastas segue os mesmos princ-
pios de criao de pastas do gerenciador de arquivos Windows
Explorer. A Figura ilustra estes processos.
Criptografar a mensagem para que pessoas no autori-
1) Menu Arquivo
zadas tenham acesso ao contedo da mensagem.
2) Opo Novo e Pasta
36 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Criar uma pasta com o nome identicado pelo usurio

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Agrupar mensagens por conversao

Processo para agrupar mensagens por conversao:

1) Menu Exibir
2) Modo de Exibio atual
Tcnicas para criar pastas no Outlook.
Criar pastas a partir do menu Arquivo 3) Agrupar mensagens por conversao
Processo para exibir as conversaes expandidas de todas
1) Clicar sobre uma das pastas para selecionar as mensagens:

2) Clique direito para abrir o menu 1) Menu Ferramentas

3) Opo Nova pasta.... 2) Opes

3) guia Ler
4) Expandir automaticamente as mensagens agrupadas

O clique duplo sobre o sinal de mais (+) esquerda da

mensagem original, exibir a mensagem original e todas as
respostas. O sinal de menos ( - ) exibir somente a mensa-
gem original.
O Outlook reconhece uma conversao, quando h
mensagens com assunto iniciado com a sigla RE:, onde
RE indica resposta. As conversaes so agrupadas de
acordo com o assunto da mensagem original. Por exemplo,
se o ttulo da mensagem inicial de uma conversao for
Solicitao de apostilas para a Editora Soluo, todas as
respostas a ela sero RE: Solicitao de apostilas para a
Tcnicas para criar pastas no Outlook. Editora Soluo.
Criar pastas a partir do menu Windows.

A maior dificuldade para organizar mensagens recebi- Lista de Mensagens

das e enviadas, agrupar uma mensagem a uma resposta. As mensagens gravadas nas pastas so organizadas por or-
Primeiramente porque a mensagem recebida estar na pasta dem de data e hora de recebimento. Por padro, a lista apresenta
Caixa de entrada e a mensagem enviada estar em Itens os indicadores de prioridade, anexo e sinalizador, o remetente,
enviados. Outro fator que dificulta o controle que uma assunto da mensagem, data e hora do recebimento. possvel
mensagem poder ser enviada para muitos destinatrios e classicar as mensagens em ordem crescente ou decrescente,
todos podero enviar uma ou mais respostas para a mesma clicando sobre o nome da coluna de cada um dos itens da lista
mensagem. de mensagens. Apresenta-se a seguir os cones da lista de men-
possvel agrupar mensagens e respostas, configurando sagens do Outlook Express.
o Outlook para que as respostas s mensagens sejam agru-
padas sob a mensagem original. Em seguida, voc poder cones da lista de mensagens do Outlook Express
optar por exibir apenas a mensagem original ou a mensagem Os cones a seguir indicam a prioridade das mensagens, se
e todas as respectivas respostas. as mensagens possuem arquivos anexados e se as mensagens
esto marcadas como lidas ou no lidas.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 37
Contatos

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
cone Indica que
Criar uma lista de contatos importante para facilitar a
A mensagem possui um ou mais arquivos anexados. localizao do endereo eletrnico. O catlogo de endereos do
Outlook Express permite registrar todos os dados do contato,
A mensagem foi marcada como de alta prioridade pelo
como pode ser visto na Figura, tais como nome completo, ende-
remetente. reo residencial, comercial, nome do cnjuge, lhos, sexo, data
de aniversrio, aniversrio de casamento e outros.
A mensagem foi marcada como de baixa prioridade pelo
remetente

A mensagem foi lida. O ttulo da mensagem aparece em

uma fonte claro.

A mensagem no foi lida. O ttulo da mensagem aparece

em negrito

A mensagem foi respondida

A mensagem foi encaminhada

A mensagem est em andamento na pasta Rascunhos

A mensagem est assinada digitalmente e no foi aberta

Formulrio de cadastro do contato.

A mensagem est criptografada e no foi aberta

Um contato poder ser registrado com mais de um e-mail
associado. A Figura apresenta a tela do Catlogo de endereos
da Identidade Principal do Outlook Express.
A mensagem est assinada digitalmente, criptografada e
no foi aberta

A mensagem est assinada digitalmente e foi aberta

A mensagem est criptografada e foi aberta

A mensagem est assinada digitalmente, criptografada e foi

aberta. Catlogo de Endereos da Identidade Principal

A mensagem possui respostas que esto recolhidas. Cli- Identidades

que no cone para mostrar todas as respostas (expandir
a conversao). O Outlook Express permite a criao de Identidades. Quando
o uso do computador compartilhado entre duas ou mais pessoas,
A mensagem e todas as respostas esto expandidas. Cli-
que no cone para ocultar todas as respostas (recolher a
o Outlook permite a criao de Identidades. Este recurso permite
conversao). que as mensagens de uma pessoa sejam de acesso restrito.
possvel atribuir senhas para a abertura do perl de usurios.
O cabealho da mensagem de notcias no lido est em um
servidor IMAP. A Figura ilustra como iniciar a criao de uma identidade nova.
Menu Arquivo, opo Adicionar nova identidade em Identidades.
A mensagem aberta est marcada para excluso em um
servidor IMAP.

A mensagem est sinalizada

A mensagem IMAP est marcada para download.

A mensagem IMAP e todas as conversaes esto marca-

das para download.

A mensagem IMAP individual (sem conversaes) est

marcada para download.
Processo para Iniciar a criao de uma nova identidade
38 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

A Figura ilustra como iniciar a criao de uma identidade Quando uma mensagem enviada, aparecer o nome ou o

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
nova. Menu Arquivo, opo Adicionar nova identidade em endereo de e-mail do remetente no campo De da mensagem
Identidades. Vrias identidades podero ser adicionadas ao enviada. No passo 3 do processo de congurao de conta de
Outlook. A Figura indica como alternar entre identidades. No e-mail, o nome a ser digitado poder ser o nome da pessoa, da
exemplo, h a Identidade principal e a identidade de Eliane. forma como ele gostaria de ser identicado. Por exemplo: Prof.
Ricardo Ramos, ou simplesmente Eliane Ramos. Veja o exemplo.

Passo 3 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail

No passo 4, o endereo de e-mail na Internet dever ser

Processo para congurar contas de e-mail informado.
O processo de congurao de contas de e-mail no Outlook
Express inicia no menu Ferramentas, opo Contas, conforme
pode ser observado.

Passo 4 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail

Passo 1 do processo de criao de contas de e-mail no Outlook Express

Os provedores de acesso Internet disponibilizam os dados a

A janela Contas na Internet apresenta quatro opes de guias. serem informados nos campos Servidor de entrada e sada de e-
Clique na guia E-mail e, em seguida, no boto Adicionar E-mail. -mail. Ao se preparar para um concurso pblico muito importante
saber diferenciar os servidores de entrada dos de sada.
POP3: servidor de entrada, responsvel pelas mensagens
recebidas. Requer autenticao
SMTP: servidor de sada, responsvel pelas mensagens
enviadas.

Passo 2 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail

 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 39
Ao nal do passo 7, a conta j est congurada e o usurio

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
poder enviar e receber mensagens. Porm, h uma falha do
Outlook Express, a no conrmao do passo 3 do processo
de criao da conta de e-mail. Na Figura abaixo, perguntado
ao usurio qual o nome que o usurio deseja para a exibio
no campo De, que em nosso exemplo, foi informado o nome
Prof. Ricardo Ramos. Mas ao nal do processo, constata-se que
o nome para exibio conrmado foi o nome do servidor de
entrada de e-mails, informado no Passo 5.

Passo 5 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail

O passo seguinte corresponde a digitao do nome da conta,

ou seja, o login de acesso a conta de e-mail e a senha. Se o com-
putador for compartilhado com outros usurios, por medida de
segurana, recomenda-se no habilitar a caixa Lembrar senha, Figura 8.21. Contas de e-mail
conforme ilustrado na abaixo.

A Figura Contas de Internet correspondente a Figura do

passo 2 do processo de congurao de contas de e-mail, sendo
que na primeira no haviam contas cadastradas. Ao nal do
processo encerrado no passo 7, um conta informada.
Neste momento possvel repetir o processo e cadastrar
novas contas ou remover a conta cadastrada. Adicionalmente,
possvel tambm exportar os dados da conta cadastrada para
um arquivo, a m de otimizar o processo de congurao desta
conta em outra mquina, pela importao do arquivo.
Com a conta de e-mail cadastrada, importante conhecer as
Propriedades da Conta. Com a conta selecionada, clique uma
vez no boto Propriedades.

Passo 6 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail

(a) (b)
Guia Geral, da janela de Propriedades da Conta de e-mail. (a) Propriedades
ao trmino da criao da conta. (b) Campo Conta de e-mail alterado.

possvel congurar todos os parmetros denidos pelo As-

sistente de criao de conta de e-mail. A primeira alterao a ser
realizada o nome da conta de e-mail. Vamos denir o nome de
exibio a aparecer no campo De:, nas mensagens enviadas. As
Propriedades do Prof. Ricardo Ramos (b) mostram como dever
car aps a alterao.
Passo 7 do processo de congurao de conta de e-mail
40 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

A guia Geral mostra os dados do proprietrio da conta. per- possvel denir que o Servidor de sada utilize as mesmas

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
mitido congurar uma conta de e-mail, sendo que um endereo conguraes do servidor de entrada para autenticao, ou fazer
envia, mas quando a destinatrio da mensagem for responder o e- logon usando uma conta e senha diferente. Normalmente, os
-mail, o endereo que ele ter para responder ser diferente, desde dados para autenticao e envio de mensagens so os mesmos
que informado no campo Endereo para resposta. Por padro, o do servidor de entrada.
endereo de resposta o mesmo de envio. Na guia Avanado, as conguraes de portas do servidor
so padro. Algumas redes corporativas podero denir portas
diferentes para os servidores, mas estas costumam funcionar na
maioria dos casos.
As mensagens acessadas no Outlook Express so descarre-
gadas na mquina do usurio e saem do servidor de mensagens
recebidas. Este procedimento s no acontecer, se na guia
Avanado das Propriedades da conta estiver habilitada a opo
Deixar uma cpia das mensagens no servidor.
As mensagens podero ser descarregadas na mquina e per-
manecer no servidor por alguns dias, a ser denido pelo usurio.

Guia Servidores da janela de Propriedades da Conta de e-mail

Se os nomes dos servidores de e-mails de entrada (POP3)

e sada (SMTP) foram digitados corretamente ao trmino do
passo 5 do processo de congurao de contas de e-mails, no
haver o que ser mudado nestes campos.
Por padro, o Windows no dene a necessidade de
autenticao do Servidor de sada. Se a autenticao no for
Conguraes avanadas da conta de e-mail
necessria, a senha ser necessria apenas para receber e-mails,
mas no para enviar. um fator de risco permitir que pessoas
no autorizadas utilizem a conta de e-mail de uma pessoa para Teclas de atalho para o Outlook Express
enviar e-mails em nome dela. Se a senha no for requerida, esta
possibilidade existir. Para os habilidosos com os teclados, o Outlook Express
Se o seu provedor de e-mails requerer autenticao para possui um conjunto de funcionalidades possveis de serem
envio de mensagens. O servio de envio no funcionar at que disparadas a partir da combinao de teclas de atalhos.
a caixa Meu servidor requer autenticao seja habilitada. Janela principal, janela de exibio de mensagem e
janela de envio de mensagem
Aps habilitar a caixa, o boto Conguraes ser habilitado.
Ao clicar nele, aparecer a caixa de dilogo da janela seguir. Para Pressione
Abrir tpicos da Ajuda F1
Selecionar todas as mensagens CTRL + A

Janela principal e janela exibio da mensagem

Para Pressione
Imprimir a mensagem selecionada CTRL+P
Enviar e receber e-mails CTRL+M
Excluir um e-mail DEL ou CTRL+D
Abrir ou postar uma nova mensagem CTRL+N
Abrir o catlogo de endereos CTRL+SHIFT+B
Responder ao autor da mensagem CTRL+R
Conguraes para autenticao no servidor de sada (SMTP)

Encaminhar uma mensagem
Responder a todos
Ir para a Caixa
Ir para a prxima mensagem da lista
Ir para a mensagem anterior da lista
Exibir propriedades de uma mensagem
selecionada
Atualizar cabealhos e mensagens de
notcias
Ir para o prximo e-mail no lido
Ir para a prxima conversao de
notcias no lida
Ir para uma pasta
Janela principal
Para
Abrir uma mensagem selecionada
Marcar uma mensagem como lida
Mover-se entre a lista de pastas (se
ativada), a lista de mensagens, o painel
de visualizao e a lista de contatos (se
ativada).
Marcar todas as mensagens de notcias
como lidas
Ir para um grupo de notcias
Expandir uma conversao de notcias
(mostrar todas as respostas)
Recolher uma conversao de notcias
(ocultar mensagens)
Ir para o prximo grupo de notcias ou
para a prxima pasta no lida
Fazer o download de notcias para uma
leitura off-line
Janela de mensagem exibir ou enviar
Para
Fechar uma mensagem
Localizar um texto
Localizar uma mensagem
Alternar entre as guias Editar,
Origem e Visualizar
Janela de mensagem enviar somente
Para
Vericar nomes
Vericar a ortograa
Inserir uma assinatura
Enviar (postar) uma mensagem
A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 41
Proteo e Segurana no e-mail
Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
CTRL+F
CTRL+SHIFT+R ou Proteo (Security) o conceito relacionado as aes que
CTRL+G (somente visam incrementar ou garantir a disponibilidade dos recursos
para notcias)
computacionais durante o uso.
CTRL+I
Instalar antivrus e rewall so medidas de proteo para
CTRL+> ou
evitar que o computador receba acessos de agentes externos,
CTRL+SHIFT+>
CTRL+< ou
no autorizados.
CTRL+SHIFT+< Segurana (Safety) conjunto de processos, de dispositivos,
ALT+ENTER de medidas de precauo que asseguram o sucesso do funciona-
mento do computador. Realizar backups - cpias de segurana
F5 um exemplo de segurana.
O e-mail til para enviar mensagens importantes, mas tam-
CTRL+U
bm usado para propagar vrus na Internet. Arquivos anexados
CTRL+SHIFT+U
a e-mails podem conter vrus e, quando abertos, so instalados
no computador. Alguns vrus, alm de infectar o computador
CTRL+Y
da pessoa que o recebeu, so programados para serem enviados
para todos os e-mails cadastrados na lista de contatos.
Os fabricantes de softwares de correio eletrnico recomen-
Pressione
dam, antes de abrir uma mensagem, clicar em um link dentro do
CTRL+O ou ENTER corpo da mensagem ou abrir um arquivo anexo, vericar:
CTRL+ENTER ou 6. se o remetente do e-mail uma empresa ou algum
CTRL+Q conhecido;
7. vericar se voc j recebeu e-mail desta origem anterior-
TAB
mente;
8. existe alguma razo para receber e-mail deste remetente;
9. O assunto da mensagem coerente com o tipo de rela-
CTRL+SHIFT+A cionamento. Ou seja, se receber uma mensagem amorosa
de algum que no seu namorado, descone que possa
CTRL+W ser e-mail.
SETA PARA A 10. Se a mensagens contem arquivos anexos, atualize o
ESQUERDA ou antivrus antes de abri-los.
SINAL DE MAIS (+)
Se encontrar uma situao suspeita, envie uma mensagem
SETA PARA A
DIREITA ou SINAL
questionando se a pessoa, de fato, enviou o e-mail.
DE MENOS (-)
Spam
CTRL+J Considerado um dos principais problemas da comunicao
eletrnica, o SPAM um e-mail, enviado para muitas pessoas,
as quais, no manifestaram a inteno de receb-lo. A natureza
CTRL+SHIFT+M
das mensagens de spam , normalmente, publicitria.
Pressione Acesso a Distncia a Computadores
ESC Acesso remoto o termo usado quando um computador
F3 acessado por um usurio operando, sicamente, outro computa-
CTRL+SHIFT+F dor. possvel acessar outro computador para utilizar recursos
como webcam, impressora, unidades de discos, alm de acessar
CTRL+TAB arquivos armazenados no computador remoto.
Normalmente, os sistemas operacionais Windows ou Linux
so congurados com nveis de proteo para impedir que um
computador remoto, por meio da Internet, acesse os computa-
Pressione dores de uma rede privada.
CTRL+K ou ALT+K
F7
CTRL+SHIFT+S
CTRL+ENTER ou ALT+S
42 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Tenha em mente que quando voc acessar sua conta de

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
e-mail via navegador, seja de qualquer computador, sua caixa
no conter mais os e-mails que foram transferidos para o seu
computador, ento, se voc utiliza muitos computadores dife-
rentes e necessita vericar e-mail existentes com frequncia,
este no deve ser o protocolo escolhido, pois suas mensagens
antigas estaro somente em seu computador.
O Thunderbird basicamente um leitor de e-mail da Mo- Toda vez que voc abrir o Thunderbird ele automaticamente
zilla Foundation, mesmo desenvolvedor do Firefox. Do mes- far o Download as mensagens que estiverem no seu servidor e
mo modo que o Firefox tem como objetivo tornar a navegao os transferir para o computador, limpando sua caixa de entrada.
melhor, o Thunderbird tem como objetivo melhorar a leitura Caso queira que suas mensagens permaneam no servidor habilite
de e-mails e notcias. a opo Deixar uma cpia das mensagens no servidor, escolha
uma data, caso prera, para ser deletada do servidor ou ainda
um software gratuito e de software aberto. O Thun- Remover do servidor quando excludo de Itens excludos.
derbird possui funes como bloqueio de imagens e ltro
AntiSpam embutido, sendo o Thunderbird um programa para Para utilizar o Thunderbird e nunca limpar, nem fazer o
gerenciar seus e-mails bem mais seguro que outros softwares download das mensagens para seu computador deixando-as
no servidor at que voc as apague pessoalmente escolha o
que realizam esta mesma funo.
protocolo IMAP.
Observe que possvel congurar alm de uma conta de e- Atravs deste protocolo voc poder utilizar todas as fer-
-mail, uma conta de RSS e uma conta de newsgroup. possvel ramentas do Thunderbird deixando suas mensagens sempre
congurar vrias contas de qualquer tipo. disponveis no servidor podendo acess-las de qualquer dispo-
Para comear a receber e-mails devemos congurar a(s) sitivo como o celular por exemplo.
conta(s), que ser gerenciada pelo Thunderbird, atravs do Para enviar mensagens existe somente um protocolo que faz
menu FERRAMENTAS, comando CONFIGURAR CONTAS. esta funo que o SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol),
Podemos ter vrias contas gerenciadas pelo Thunderbird. traduzindo Protocolo de Transferncia de Correio Simples.
Estes so as conguraes mais comuns para CONTAS Resumindo: Existem trs protocolos de e-mail, dois para
GOOGLE, MAS voc S deve usar as fornecidas pelo seu receber e-mail e um para enviar:
provedor. Com risco de no haver conexo entre seu aplica- IMAP e POP3 => Recebem
tivo e o servidor de e-mail. CADA SERVIDOR TEM UMA SMTP => Envia
CONFIGURAO ESPECFICA. Consulte seu provedor de
possvel importar todas as conguraes da conta de outro
e-mail para congurao. gerenciador de e-mail como o Outlook ou o Eudora. Alm das
conguraes da conta possvel tambm importar o catlo-
Servidor de entrada (IMAP): imap.googlemail.com| porta go de endereo dentre outras
110 | Conf. Segurana: SSL/TLS
Vericador ortogrco
Mas tambm poder ser mail.outroservidor.com | porta 995
| Tipo de conexo: SSL No h necessidade de utilizar outros programas para veri-
cao da ortograa. O Mozilla
Thunderbird j vem com um vericador ortogrco
Servidor de sada (SMTP): smtp.googlemail.com| porta
465 | Conf. Segurana: SSL/TLS SEGURANA NO THUNDERBIRD
Mas tambm poder ser mail.outroservidor.com | porta 465
| Tipo de conexo: SSL AntiSpam
Requer autenticao com o seu usurio (seu e-mail) e sua O Mozilla Thunderbird identica o spam e ajuda voc a
password (enviado pelo seu provedor) manter limpa a caixa de entrada. O Mozilla Thunderbird oferece
No Thunderbird tambm h a opo de Deixar uma cpia das a ferramenta mais efetiva de deteco de spam. Suas ferramentas
mensagens no servidor quando se utilizamos o protocolo POP3 analisam seu e-mail e identicam aqueles que provavelmente so
de recebimento tambm deve ser analisada com cuidado. Veja as indesejados. Voc pode ter seus spams excludos automatica-
duas opes e escolha o procedimento que mais lhe agrada. mente ou pode mov-los para outra pasta.
O Outlook um programa gerenciador de e-mail que Segurana Empresarial
funciona de forma semelhante ao seu navegador quando voc O Mozilla Thunderbird oferece recursos adequados a em-
visualiza seus e-mails nele. Voc pode ler, responder, encami- presas, tais como S/MIME, assinaturas digitais, criptograa de
nhar, apagar e criar e-mails e funcionar da mesma forma como mensagens, suporte a certicados e dispositivos de segurana.
se estivesse no navegador. Diferente de outros produtos, o Mozilla Thunderbird no
Ao congurar sua conta para o gerenciador Thunderbird permite a execuo de scripts por padro. Isso resulta em um
voc ter que escolher qual protocolo de recebimento de produto mais seguro que outros clientes de e-mail e contribui
e-mail usar o POP3 ou IMAP. Se escolher o POP3 todas as para barrar a propagao de vrus pela rede.
mensagens que existem na sua Caixa de Entrada no servidor Proteo contra Phishing
sero TRANSFERIDAS para o seu computador, o programa
far um download de todas as mensagens e APAGAR sua O Thunderbird analisa as mensagens para detectar as tcni-
caixa de entrada. cas de phishing scam que uma tcnica utilizada por atacan-
tes com o objetivo de atrair o usurio (destinatrio do e-mail)
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 43
a sites falsos e assim obter acesso s informaes pessoais ou Catlogo de Endereos

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
s outras informaes que possam levar o atacante a gerar uma
Em qualquer gerenciador de e-mail necessrio a utilizao
fraude virtual.
de um Catlogo de Endereos que so os seus contatos. Estes
catlogos podem ser criados ou importados.
Personalize com temas
Quase toda a interface pode ser modicada com temas.

Conta de RSS:
A tecnologia do RSS permite aos usurios da internet se inscre-
verem em sites que fornecem "feeds" (fontes) RSS. Estes so tipica-
mente sites que mudam ou atualizam o seu contedo regularmente.
Para isso, so utilizados Feeds RSS que recebem estas atualizaes,
desta maneira o usurio pode permanecer informado de diversas
atualizaes em diversos sites sem precisar visit-los um a um.

rea de trabalho
Ao abrir o Thunderbird a rea de Trabalho a tela que
apresentada a voc conforme vemos abaixo:
1. Barra de Ferramentas Padro Para criar um contato muito simples: na
barra de ferramentas Padro clique em e na
2. Indicativo de Conta
janela que ser aberta, semelhante a exibida abaixo, escolher o
3. Painel de Pastas tipo de catlogo pretendido, possvel criar catlogos para
4. Painel de Mensagens amigos, empresa, e preencher os campos que achar til.
Repare que h 06 abas com vrias informaes. As nicas infor-
5. Exibio de e-mail maes obrigatrias so o nome e o e-mail. Aps preencher
os campos desejados clique em OK.
Ao clicar em um e-mail na rea de Exibio de e-mail ele
exibido no Painel de Mensagens. Com duplo clique sobre a Mensagem
mensagem a mesma aberta em uma nova guia.

Visualizar impresso Para criar uma mensagem clique e ser

aberta uma nova janela. O cursor estar piscando no campo
Este recurso permite visualizar a impresso de uma mensagem Para bastando voc iniciar a digitao do nome de um contato
selecionada vericando exatamente como ela ser impressa. Ao e aparecero algumas sugestes para voc completar o contato,
clicar no menu Arquivo opo Visualizar Impresso ser aberta se ele estiver gravado. Se for um novo contato poder adicion-
uma tela exibindo a visualizao da mensagem para impresso. -lo rapidamente ao seu catlogo.
A partir desta tela possvel imprimir clicando no boto Imprimir
caso no haja nenhuma congurao que deseja fazer.
Imprimir Inclua quantos contados desejar escolhen-
Nesta tela possvel escolher a impressora, nmero de pgi- do Para, Cc ou Cco, digite o assunto o corpo da mensagem.
nas, o intervalo de impresso e nmero de cpias da mensagem. Inclua os anexos se desejar e quando tiver terminado clique em
Depois clique em OK para imprimir.
44 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Campos de destinatrio Enviados: e-mail enviados encaminhados e respondidos cam

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
armazenados nesta caixa quando forem enviados pelo servidor.
To ou Para - endereo de e-mail do destinatrio
Rascunho: mensagens que voc iniciou uma edio e no
Cc - signica Carbon Copy (cpia carbonada - Xerox). Aqui
enviou.
voc dever colocar o endereo de e-mail da pessoa que voc
quer enviar uma cpia. Este item poder car em branco caso Lixo: mensagens que foram deletadas pelo usurio.
voc no queira enviar cpia. Todos os endereos que estivem Spam ou Lixo Eletrnico: so mensagens que, baseado em
nos campos Para e Cc" so visveis entre si, ou seja, qualquer algumas regras, foram denidas como perigosas ou publicitrias.
pessoa que receber esta mensagem saber que as demais pesso-
as relacionadas nos campos Para e Cc" tambm receberam a Particulares: so pastas criadas pelo usurio que auxiliam a
mensagem. Nenhum endereo ca oculto aos outros. organizao das mensagens
Bcc - signica Blind Carbon Copy (cpia cega) ou Cco Carbon Filtros e marcadores de mensagens
Copy Occult.(cpia oculta) usada sempre que quisermos enviar
uma cpia da mensagem para algum, sem que os destinatrios Nossa caixa de entrada, aps alguns anos de uso, ca muito
saibam dos outros endereos que receberam a mensagem. Todos os tumultuada, dicultando em algumas vezes uma busca pelas mensa-
endereos relacionados neste campo cam ocultos de todos os ou- gens desejadas. Para melhorar muito este cenrio o Thunderbird traz
tros, estejam eles relacionados nos campos Para, Cc" ou Cco, duas formas ecientes de voc organizar suas mensagens que so a
ningum saber que estes e-mail receberam esta mensagem. Ficam aplicao de ltros e a utilizao de marcadores nas mensagens.
ocultos inclusive entre eles, ou seja, eles tambm no se enxergam. Aplicao de ltro: consiste em estabelecer uma regra de ao
Em questes que envolvem WebMail, Outlook, Thunderbird, etc. para que o Thunderbird execute assim que a mensagem chegar
Sempre que voc quiser esconder alguma pessoa das outras que sua caixa de entrada. Por exemplo, vamos denir que todos os
recebero a mensagem o endereo de e-mail desta pessoa dever ser e-mails de contato@editorasolucao.com.br sejam enviados
includo no campo Cco, assim, nenhum dos outros usurios sabero para uma pasta pessoal que voc criou chamada Soluo. Clique
que voc tambm enviou a mensagem para esta pessoa. sobre qualquer e-mail recebido da Editora Soluo, clique no
No Outlook, em sua congurao padro, no exibe o campo menu Ferramentas opo Filtros de mensagem. Abrir nova
Cco, para exibi-lo clique na Guia Opes, e no Grupo Mostrar janela onde voc deve clicar em Novo, Digitar um nome para o
Campos, clique no comando Cco. ltro no nosso exemplo vou digitar Soluo, Escolha os tipos de
O campo Cco deve ser utilizado quando voc pretende enviar ltro como: nome do remetente, se tem anexo, se no campo assunto
uma mensagem a vrias pessoas. Digitando todos os endereos contiver, tamanho, data, etc., complete o comando para que o ltro
neste campo voc estar protegendo o e-mail dos seus contados, atinja exatamente o que voc deseja. Agora dena a ao que o
pois se esta mensagem for direcionada para outras pessoas os Thunderbird far quando receber uma mensagem que atenda aos
e-mails dos seus amigos no sero visualizados, esta ao evita requisitos que voc deniu. possvel fazer quantos ltros forem
que seus amigos recebam Spam. Voc pode colocar todos os necessrios. As aes podem ser: copiar a mensagem para uma
endereos aqui, deixando em branco todos os outros campos. pasta, mover, encaminhar para outro e-mail, marcar com alguma
Este detalhe bastante explorado em concurso pblico. prioridade, aplicar uma marcao, excluir, etc.
Subject (assunto) - neste local voc vai colocar o assunto Marcadores: Denir uma mensagem com alguma cor para
que se refere a sua correspondncia. opcional, mas quando que amanh voc decida o que fazer primeiro uma opo inte-
preenchido muito bom pois o destinatrio j sabe do que se
ressante do Thunderbird. Basta clicar na mensagem e clicar sobre
trata e poder dar prioridade na resposta.
Marcadores (Tags) na barra de ferramentas Padro e denir como
Respondendo ou encaminhando uma mensagem 1-Importante, 2-Trabalho, 3-Particular, 4-Pendente e 5-Adiar;
Na divisria entre a rea de exibio de e-mail e o painel Estas marcaes so uma sugesto padro (default), voc pode per-
de mensagens voc encontra os comandos para Responder, sonalizar e criar marcadores da forma que achar mais conveniente.
Responder a Todos ou Encaminhar.
O comando Responder enviar seu e-mail de volta pessoa
que lhe enviou o e-mail. Clique em Responder a Todos quando
voc quiser enviar o e-mail para todas as pessoas que receberam
aquela mensagem. Por exemplo, seu professor enviou uma tarefa a
todos os alunos da sala, inclusive voc, com o Responder a Todos
voc enviar uma resposta para todos os alunos da sala, inclusive o
professor que foi quem enviou a mensagem inicial. J o comando
Encaminhar utilizado para enviar para outra pessoa qualquer, no
importando se ela recebeu a mensagem inicial ou no, se est no seu
Catlogo de Endereos ou no, o comando Encaminhar enviar o
e-mail selecionado, ou aberto, para outra pessoa.

Caixas e pastas
Todo site gerenciador de e-mail, assim como qualquer apli-
cativo, ter uma composio de caixas padro. Alguns podero
ter caixas adicionais.
Caixa de Entrada: local onde suas mensagens novas sero
depositadas.
Caixa de Sada: mensagens que voc enviou, respondeu ou
encaminhou, mas ainda no foram enviadas.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 45
A Intranet utiliza os servios e protocolos da Internet

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Conceitos bsicos e modos de dentro de uma mesma empresa. Possibilita, por exemplo,
que possamos mandar um e-mail para algum dentro da em-
utilizao de tecnologias, ferramentas, presa ou enviar um arquivo por FTP a um computador em
aplicativos e procedimentos outro andar. Tambm permite a criao de uma homepage
associados Internet e intranet com sua identificao e os trabalhos que est desenvolvendo.
Enquanto a Internet estabelece os padres e as tecnolo-
gias para comunicao entre computadores, atravs de uma
Uma rede pode ser um computador ligado Internet ou um rede mundial que conecta muitas redes, a Intranet aplica
computador ligado a outros computadores. A Internet uma estas tecnologias dentro da organizao via rede LAN/WAN
rede que conecta milhes de computadores ao redor do mundo corporativa, com todos os mesmos benefcios. Exatamente
e permite a comunicao e trfego de milhes de informaes. A pela Internet ser um padro bem estabelecido, montar a
World Wide Web a parte da Internet mais utilizada por usurios infra-estrutura simples. O Clssico problema de como fazer
de computadores. A Internet compreende trfego de informaes um se conectar com muitos resolvida pelo uso de tecnologia
por meio de pginas de hipertexto, notcias e e-mails. Internet via WAN/LAN. O controle de acesso e segurana,
possvel usar o servio de e-mails sem acessar o conte- problema complicado nos modelos informacionais atuais
do disponvel na Internet. tambm encontra soluo nos moldes da Internet.
A Internet til para: A tecnologia da Internet passa a se incorporar na nova logs-
encontrar informaes; tica empresarial de fora para dentro, ou seja, para suportar toda
esta nova dinmica externa a logstica interna (suprimento-
trocar mensagens; -fabricao-entrega) precisa acompanhar, a questo bsica :
a empresa quer responder pronta e corretamente s demandas
acessar grupos de notcias; apresentadas pelo seu canal de vendas e seus parceiros.
compartilhar arquivos de fotos, vdeos e documentos; No dar respostas, seja por telefone ou Internet igual-
mente inadmissvel. Portanto, hora de comear a operar via
pesquisar e comprar produtos;
Internet, aos poucos, sempre consciente de que a essncia do
entretenimentos: jogos, sites de relacionamentos, sucesso operacional neste novo cenrio passa, aos poucos, por
dentre outros; uma integrao de todos os sistemas computacionais desde o
nvel de simples coleta de dados at a apresentao multimdia
Duas coisas so importantes para conectar o computador via Internet. O caminho, no to longo, passa por:
Internet:
Criar uma ponte entre os sistemas corporativos de
1. um Provedor de acesso Internet e logstica e os acessos via Internet;
2. um modem. Simplificar as operaes, pois virtualmente estamos
todos trabalhando na mesma sala;
As empresas provedoras de acesso oferecem dois tipos de
conexes Internet: Criar bases de dados abertas que possam ser consul-
tadas facilmente;
Acesso por conexo banda-larga (ADSL, ISDN), Li-
nha Privativa, dentre outras; e Montar uma estrutura de divulgao e pesquisa
Acesso por conexo discada (dial-up) rpidas de informao entre os diversos grupos de
trabalho da empresa via Intranet. Ou seja, Compras
A conexo por banda-larga requer um tipo especial / Engenharia, Produo / Engenharia, Compras
de modem, visto que esta conexo possui um cabo e, / Qualidade / Fornecedores, Vendas / Produo,
normalmente, a contratao do servio inclui o hardware.
enfim... todos com todos.
Contratado o servio de acesso de um provedor, necessrio
ter instalado um navegador. Sobre navegadores, falaremos
mais adiante. Intranet e as Organizaes: J ponto pacfico que
apoiarmos a estrutura de comunicaes corporativas em
Dentre os servios de uma empresa provedora de acesso, uma Intranet, d para simplificar o trabalho, pois, como j
inclui-se o servio de email, pgina de web, hospedagem de foi dito, estamos virtualmente todos na mesma sala. De qual-
arquivos, sites e servios de bancos de dados.Intranet quer modo, cedo para se afirmar onde a Intranet vai ser
uma rede que utiliza tecnologias de Internet, tais como mais efetiva para unir (no sentido operacional) os diversos
navegadores, e-mails e protocolos de comunicao, mas o profissionais de uma empresa. Mas em algumas reas j se
acesso privativo s pessoas vinculadas uma organizao, vislumbram benefcios, por exemplo:
tais como funcionrios, estagirios, etc.. Marketing e Vendas: Informaes sobre produtos, Listas
de Preos, Promoes Leads de Vendas (Indicativos para
prospeco), Informaes sobre a concorrncia, Anlises
Intranet sobre negcios ganhos e pedidos, Planejamento de Eventos,
Pense na Internet e em todos os seu servios: a WWW, Consultas sobre ATP (Availability to Promise), Material
para divulgao de informaes; o FTP, para a troca de para Treinamento etc.
arquivos; o Telnet, para o uso de computadores remotos; e
Desenvolvimento de Produtos: Especificaes, Designs,
o e-mail, para troca de mensagens etc. Imagine agora que a
Planejamentos, Milestones de Projeto, Mudanas de Eng., Lis-
sua empresa o mundo e os vrios computadores no mundo
tas de Responsabilidades de membros das equipes, Situao de
todo isso uma Intranet.
Projetos, Caractersticas de Produtos da Concorrncia etc.
46 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Servio ao Cliente e Suporte: Relatrios sobre problemas todo o mundo e, agora, graas ao arsenal de tecnologia ami-

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comuns, Perguntas e repostas. Andamentos de Ordens de gvel dos micros, toma conta das casas e empresas do nosso
Servios, Treinamentos e dicas para atender a reclamaes combalido planeta.
gerais etc. E, finalmente, para se montar uma Intranet tecnica-
Recursos Humanos: Informaes sobre benefcios, polti- mente muito fcil, mas quando for para implement-la de
cas da companhia, etc. Misses da Companhia Oportunidades modo a alterar mais profundamente o modus operandi e a
de Trabalho, Programas de Desenvolvimento Pessoal etc. logstica das corporaes, ento enfrentaremos tarefas como
Utilizao da Intranet: A questo : por dificuldades aculturao de executivos, remodelamentos operacionais,
de tirar informao de um lugar e disponibilizar para todos renovao de ambientes computacionais (principalmente
os interessados, as empresas replicam esforos em diversas nas grandes corporaes, onde realmente este esforo Her-
reas e, na falta de unicidade de informaes, as decises cleo), etc. Mas errado tentar repensar a empresa inteira
tomadas em reas diferentes, mas inter-relacionadas, so primeiro e implementar depois, a remodelao correta ser
muitas vezes conflitantes. Isso at natural que acontea, fruto do uso, que trar os feed-backs necessrios. Comece aos
uma vez que os executivos que as tomaram simplesmente poucos, das pontas para o meio, mas comece j.
basearam-se em vises muito diferentes que tm da mesma A conexo com a Internet: Como vimos, a Intranet pode
realidade que a empresa em que trabalham. ser utilizada apenas para acesso dentro da corporao, po-
A Intranet (ou Internet Corporativa) ajuda neste caso? rm se a empresa desejar conectar-se remotamente a outras
Sim, a melhor ferramenta para disponibilizar a reapresen- Intranets, pode se utilizar de uma Rede de Longa Distncia
tao de uma mesma realidade para muitas pessoas. (WAN - Wide Area Network) prpria, com custos relativa-
mente altos; pode utilizar a RENPAC - Rede Nacional de
E exatamente por isso que ela se estabelece como uma Pacotes da Embratel, de mdio custo; ou ainda a Internet, de
exploso de remodelamento empresarial e se transforma to rapi- baixo custo com uma boa relao custo / benefcio.
damente, de um sistema de integrao pblica, a uma estratgia
de comunicao corporativa. Agora, por que ela ajuda? Nestes casos, recomendado um estudo apropriado para
verificar qual a melhor forma de conexo.
Motivos para utilizao da Intranet: Primeiro, porque
ela uma estrutura de comunicaes ONIPRESENTE, No caso de conexo com a Internet, temos ainda duas
qualquer um se comunica de qualquer lugar para qualquer opes principais a saber:
lugar. Pouqussimas empresas conseguiram implementar 1. conexo direta espinha dorsal (backbone) da In-
um sistema eletrnico de comunicaes com seus parceiros,
ternet via Embratel, RNP,..., com alta performance,
justamente pela diversidade de ambientes computacionais
porm com custo elevado;
e protocolos de comunicao. Hoje, a empresa A para falar
com a B, via computador, ainda precisa primeiro negociar 2. ou conexo via Provedor de Acesso Internet (ISP).
a lngua que vo usar, (a Internet no uma Torre de No primeiro caso, a conexo ao backbone se faz atra-
Babel, mais fcil se comunicar atravs dela). Os canais vs de um roteador conectado a um canal dedicado.
de comunicao tambm variam, um canal dedicado de
alta velocidade atende a um tipo de demanda (atualizao
constante de dados entre fbricas e depsitos, p. ex.), canais No segundo caso, utilizaremos um microcomputador,
de acesso compartilhado (vendedores espalhados pelo pas, dedicado ou no, como ponte (gateway proxy), que ligado
consultando a nova lista de preos) caracterizam um acesso rede local, tambm se conecta Internet com linha dedicada
no to constante, mas geograficamente disperso e variado. ou telefnica comum via provedor de acesso.
A Intranet vai usufruir dos dois canais, sem problemas, e os Extranet
usurios no vo ter problema de usar a Intranet ou a Inter-
net, porque so dois nomes para a mesma coisa, ningum uma rede que utiliza tecnologias de Internet, tais como
percebe se o canal de comunicao pblico ou privado navegadores, e-mails e protocolos de comunicao. O acesso
(a no ser pela velocidade). Um diretor vai olhar o mesmo privativo s pessoas vinculadas organizao e a outras
grfico de vendas, ou consultar uma promessa de entrega, pessoas externas, tais como fornecedores, clientes e outros
no computador da sua mesa, no meio da fbrica, de casa, da de interesse da organizao.
Disneylndia, d no mesmo, ele vai entrar na sua Intranet a
partir de qualquer lugar, via Internet. Site (ou stio)
Segundo, e tambm importantssimo pela inovao concei- Um site, website, um conjunto de pginas de Internet,
tual: a informao no mais enviada, buscada sob demanda. interligadas, cujo contedo especfico de uma organizao.
No se enviam mais catlogos, listas de preos, promoes, A pgina principal conhecida como homepage, ou simples-
mensagens, todos passam, a saber, onde estas informaes esto mente home. Na home, h link para todas as demais pginas
disponveis e as buscam sempre que precisam. Isto simplifica do site e, todas as pginas do site, permitem retornar pgina
radicalmente muitas coisas, principalmente no que tange aos principal (a home). O protocolo que permite visualizar o site
procedimentos de atualizao e gerao de informaes, no se o HTTP.
imprime coisas a mais nem a menos, simplesmente porque no A homepage de qualquer site acessvel na rede mundial
se imprime mais nada. de computadores (Internet) por meio do domnio e, a partir
Terceiro, a interface com o usurio agradvel, fcil de deste endereo, todas as pginas so acessveis.
usar, a mesma que ele, a mulher e os filhos usam em casa.
Uma pgina ligada a outra e esta ligao , popularmen-
Quarto, a tecnologia estvel, acreditem se quiser, a te, chamada de link. Os links so ncoras que permitem o
Internet (em termos de informtica) uma senhora mais usurio acessar, rapidamente, o contedo associado. Uma
velha que o PC (Personal Computer), primeiro era exclusiva pgina pode ter dezenas ou centenas de links e links podem
do Pentgono, depois ampliou-se para as universidades de ser textos, imagens ou combinao dos dois.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 47
Quando o mouse posicionado sobre o link, o ponteiro IP acrnomo do termo Protocolo de Internet, (do ingls,

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muda para o formato de uma mo e o endereo do link apa- Internet Protocol). TCP acrnomo do termo Protocolo
rece na barra de status. de Controle de Transmisso (do ingls, Transfer Control
Protocol). TCP/IP define um conjunto de regras, padres e
Download convenes para computadores se comunicarem na Internet,
O termo download usado quando um arquivo alm de gerenciar o envio e recebimento de pacotes de men-
transferido da Internet para o computador. Os downloads sagens de dados enviadas via protocolo IP.
mais comuns so realizados quando acessamos contedos
de arquivos anexados a e-mails, aceitamos atualizaes de
Protocolo HTTP
software ou gravamos arquivos de contedos especficos, tais http:// advm do termo Hyper Text Transfer Protocol,
como msicas, jogos, vdeos ou documentos. e significa Protocolo de Transferncia de Hipertexto. Um
site acessvel por http:// indica que o contedo trafegado ser
Ao transferir o arquivo da Internet para o computador pginas de hipertexto. o protocolo padro.
(fazer um download), o usurio aceita o risco de gravar em
sua mquina um arquivo que contm vrus, ou um programa Protocolo HTTPS
que pode danificar as informaes do computador. Para Uma conexo segura se as informaes trocadas entre
evitar o risco, os cuidados abaixo devem ser observados: o site visitado e o navegador que so codificadas, de modo
a impossibilitar a leitura por softwares diversos. Neste caso,
instalar software de antivirus; o navegador e o site visitado conhecem o certificado digital
fazer download de sites seguros; para decodificar as informaes. Este processo de codificao
confira o tipo de arquivo que ser transferido para denominado criptografia e a navegao tende a ser segura
o computador. Arquivos executveis, com extenses quando a informao enviada.
.exe, .scr, .bat, .com ou outros, podero ser executados possvel que mensagens criptografadas tenham seus
e danificar as informaes contidas no computador. certificados descobertos, dependendo do algoritmo usado
para criptografar. Portanto no h garantia de segurana que
Upload o site fidedigno e a privacidade do usurio poder estar
O termo upload usado quando um arquivo transferido comprometida, pelo modo como o site utiliza ou distribui as
do computador para a Internet. Os uploads mais comuns so informaes do usurio.
realizados quando publicamos um site, enviamos arquivos
para diretrios virtuais, fotos em sites de relacionamento, No navegador, conexes seguras utilizam o protocolo
dentre outros. HTTPs e exibem um cadeado na barra de status. O certificado
que usado para criptografar a conexo tambm contm in-
Domnio formaes sobre a identidade do dono do site ou organizao.
O domnio do site o endereo. No Brasil, a organizao Voc pode clicar no cadeado para ver a identidade do site.
responsvel pelo registro dos domnios na Internet a FA- O protocolo HTTPS usado para compras online, acesso a
PESP e operacionaliza os registros e consulta de domnios servios bancrios e transaes que requer nveis de segurana.
por meio do site www.registro.br.
Protocolo FTP
Os domnios so organizados em 4 partes:
ftp:// advm do termo File Transfer Protocol, e significa
{protocolo} {ponto} {nome do domnio} {ponto} {tipo Protocolo de Transferncia de Arquivos. um protoclo usa-
de domnio} {ponto} {sigla do pas} do para transferir arquivos pela Internet. O acesso a arquivos
A sigla do pas opcional, mas todos os outros so pelo protocol FTP torna o download de mltiplos arquivos
obrigatrios. Como exemplo de domnio, veja o da Apostilas mais rpido. Este protocolo usado para disponibilizar
Sinttica. arquivos para que outros faam download.
www.sinteticaapostilas.com.br Para iniciar uma transferncia de arquivos no navegador,
digite o endereo de FTP na barra de endereos do navegador.
Para que o contedo seja trafegado na rede, importante
O endereo de FTP inicia com "ftp://" em vez de "http://."
estabelecer uma linguagem para comunicao entre emissor
e receptor de mensagens. Esta linguagem o protocolo. O Por exemplo, para ir para o site de FTP da Microsoft,
protocolo indica o que ser trafegado na rede. Os protocolos digite ftp://ftp.microsoft.com, e ento, pressione a tecla
so HTTP e FTP. ENTER.

Protocolos Telnet
Antes de conhecer os tipos de protocolos, vamos enten- Telnet um programa capaz de conectar outros com-
der o significado do termo Protocolo. Esta palavra bastante putadores usando a Internet. Este programa permite que,
usada nas configuraes da Internet e pode ser entendida remotamente, voc execute programas e servios que esto
como uma linguagem. Para que haja comunicao entre no computador remoto. Seu uso til para acessar arquivos
duas pessoas, importante que o idioma falado seja conhe- em mquinas remotas.
cido pelas duas partes: a pessoa que pergunta e a outra que Wireless
escutar, entender a pergunta para poder responder. Em uma rede sem fio, os computadores so conectados
por sinais de rdio, no lugar de fios ou cabos. A vantagem
TCP/IP das redes sem fio inclui a mobilidade e a ausncia de fios.
A Internet estabeleceu um protocolo para que todos os Como desvantagens, podemos citar uma conexo mais lenta,
computadores pudessem enviar e receber informaes e, as- se comparada a uma rede cabeada e interferncia de outras
sim, interconect-los. Este protocolo de Internet o TCP/IP. redes sem fio, tais como telefones sem fio. A ajuda do MS-
-Windows ilustra a rede sem fio com a Figura abaixo.
48 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
Barra de Ferramentas padro do Internet Explorer

Barra de Ferramentas padro do Mozilla Firefox

Barra de Ferramentas padro do Google Crome

Quadro Ferramentas do Internet Explorer

Ferramenta Funo

Rede sem fio A possibilidade de visitar pginas

e pginas na Internet, o boto
Ethernet Voltar permite visualizar a(s)
Uma pgina ligada a outra e esta ligao , popularmen- ltima(s) pgina(s) visitada(s). Se
te, chamada de link. Os links so ncoras que permitem o Voltar
clicar no boto Voltar vrias vezes,
usurio acessar, rapidamente, o contedo associado. retroceder s pginas visitadas
na mesma seqncia que foram
VoIP acessadas. Utilize a seta para
Uma forma de comunicao utilizando recursos de in- baixo para escolher a pgina es-
ternet, ou seja, um recurso a um melhor custo de estabelecer pecca que deseja voltar.
ligaes a longa distncia.
Se a ferramenta Voltar foi acionada,
Vrus e Antivrus habilitar a ferramenta Avanar.
Antivirus so programas que lem arquivos antes de Observe que na Barra de Ferra-
abri-los e notifica se est ou no contaminado por vrus. mentas padro do Internet Explorer
Avanar
Quando o antivrus detecta algo suspeito no arquivo, mas esta ferramenta est inativa (cinza).
no capaz de identificar o vrus, ele denuncia como um O conceito similar ao boto
arquivo potencialmente inseguro. Voltar, porm, avanar as pginas
at a ltima visitada.
Firewall
O termo ingls significa corta-fogo. Este conceito, advindo Quando o navegador est baixan-
das portas corta-fogo, as quais evitam que um incndio se alas- Parar
do uma pgina da Internet, se esta
tre por outros andares de um edifcio, assim o objetivo dos ferramenta for acionada, o downlo-
programas de firewall, impedir a transmisso e/ou recepo de ad da pgina ser cancelado.
acessos no autorizados de uma rede para outra.
Os programas de Firewall aplicam polticas de segurana Atualizar Recarrega a pgina atual
a um determinado ponto de controle da rede e definem os
nveis de acesso aos usurios.
Home Carrega a pgina inicial do navegador
Navegadores ou Browsers
Um navegador um software preparado para acessar
o contedo disponvel na Internet. Leva o nome de nave- Assistente de pesquisa da Internet. Aju-
Pesquisar
da a localizar contedos especcos.
gador porque o contedo da Internet associado a outros
contedos que, por meio de links, so conectados e o usurio
vai de um contedo a outro, por meio de cliques a palavras Favoritos Exibe o menu favoritos
ancoradas a outros contedos.
Os navegadores mais usados atualmente so: o Internet Exibe o histrico dos ltimos sites
Histrico
visitados.
Explorer, Natscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox e Google
Crome. Apresentaremos nesta seo, as principais funciona- Esta ferramenta dis-
lidades, comuns a todos os navegadores. ponvel do Internet Ex-
Opes plorer e permite acessar
Funcionalidades comuns a todos os de E-mail o software de correio
navegadores eletrnico (e-mail) rapidamente, j
na funo
As principais funcionalidades esto, normalmente,
disponveis na barra de ferramentas padro do navegador.
As Figuras ilustram as barras de ferramentas padro, dos Imprimir Imprime o contedo visitado.
navegadores Internet Explorer, Mozzila Firefox e Google
Crome, respectivamente.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 49

Adicionar uma pgina ao Menu Favo-

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No Internet Explorer
ritos 1) acesse o site desejado e
O menu Favoritos tem por funo adicionar sites, a fim siga os procedimentos a
de visualiza-los rapidamente, sem a necessidade de lembrar seguir;
o endereo e digita-lo. Quando um site adicionado ao menu 2) No menu Ferramentas, clique
favoritos, o ttulo do site exibido no menu. Na prxima vez em Opes da Internet
que o usurio desejar acessa-lo, basta localizar a opo do 3) Clique na Guia Geral
site no menu. 4) Em Home Page, clique em
Usar atual
No Mozilla Firefox
1) acesse o site desejado e
siga os procedimentos a
seguir;
2) No menu Ferramentas,
clique em Opes
3) Clique na guia Geral
4) Em Iniciar, clique em Usar
pgina aberta.

(a)

(b)
Menu Favoritos. (a) do navegador Internet Explorer.
(b) do navegador Mozilla Firefox
As duas funes bsicas deste menu so: i) Adicionar
pgina a Favoritos; e ii) Organizar Favoritos. A organizao
de Favoritos corresponde criao de pastas e agrupamento
de links dentro destas pastas. A funcionalidade bsica igual
Janela Opes da Internet do navegador Internet Explorer
em todos os navegadores.
O processo para salvar um site no menu Favoritos :
1. Abra o site que deseja salvar no menu Favoritos;
2. No menu Ferramentas, clique em Adicionar a Fa-
voritos (no Internet Explorer) ou Adicionar Pginas
(no Mozilla Firefox)
3. Abrir uma caixa para digitar o nome, digite um
nome para a pgina de Internet e, ento, clique no
boto Adicionar.

Se h muitas pginas neste menu, possvel organiz-los

em pastas.
Janela Opes do navegador Mozilla Firefox
O processo para abrir um site do menu Favoritos :
4. Abra o menu Favoritos; Cookies
Cookies so arquivos de textos gravados no computador
5. Na lista de sites favoritos, clique sobre o nome do por sites visitados. Estes arquivos contm informaes
site que deseja abrir. dos sites visitados ou de formulrios preenchidos pelo
usurio. Exemplos de informaes gravadas so nome,
email e preferncias. Outro exemplo corresponde a infor-
Denir a pgina inicial do Navegador maes sobre os sites visitados. Com base neste histrico,
Quando um navegador aberto, uma pgina da Inter- possvel identificar o interesse do internauta e saber
net aberta ou uma pgina em branco apresentada. O quais os sites de seu interesse.
fato que o usurio poder definir qual a primeira pgina O usurio poder permitir ou no, a gravao de cookies
que deseja visualizar, quando entrar na Internet ou quan- em seu computador, por sites que ele visita, porm, alguns
sites no funcionam se a gravao de cookies estiver desabi-
do clicar na ferramenta .
litada. Arquivos de cookies deveriam ser acessveis apenas
Para definir a pgina inicial do Navegador, siga os pro- pelo site que os criou. Mas h casos de cookies contendo
cedimentos a seguir, dependendo do navegador. O procedi- informaes pessoais, onde outros sites o acessam para obter
mento parecido para os demais navegadores: informaes sem o consentimento do usurio.
As pginas visitadas na Internet so armazenadas em
Quadro Procedimento para definir a pgina Inicial, para uma pasta especial para exibio rpida em outra hora. A
os navegadores Internet Explorer e Mozilla Firefox janela Opes da Internet da Figura abaixo apresenta uma
forma de excluir os cookies armazenados no computador.
50 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

Configuraes de privacidade no navegador Mozilla Firefox

Procedimento para excluso de cookies gravados no computador.

Sistemas de busca e pesquisa na Internet
Os navegadores permitem que o usurio defina o nvel de H diversos sites projetados para buscar contedos
privacidade que ter ao visitar sites na Internet. O nvel de disponveis na Internet e pesquisa por assunto/rea. Chama-
privacidade est relacionado a permisso dos sites em gravar remos estes sites de buscadores, dentre os mais conhecidos
cookies e ler os cookies j gravados no mercado, citaremos o Google, Yahoo e o Bing.
www.google.com.br
www.yahoo.com.br
www.bing.com
Os sistemas de busca e pesquisa permitem uma busca na
Web por assunto, textos nos sites, imagens, vdeos, mapas,
notcias, artigos disponveis em revistas cientficas, livros,
etc. Os melhores sistemas de busca e pesquisa trazem seg-
mentado as categorias de pesquisa para trazer resultados
relevantes ao pesquisador.

Nveis de privacidade para gravao e acesso aos cookies

no navegador Internet Explorer Site de um sistema de busca e pesquisa

importante saber buscar para que o resultado da busca

seja relevante.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 51

GRUPOS DE DISCUSSO

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas
A Internet nos dias de hoje uma grande forma de co-
municao mundial e alm disso ela diponibiliza diversas ANOTAES
formas de interatividade entre seus adeptos. Uma das formas
de discusso bastante vlidas so atravs do Frum, pois os
fruns esto nos principais sites de contedo independente
do site e seu segmento.
Uma outra forma de discusso tambm utilizada so
os chats (bate papos) que tambm dominam sites diversos
promovendo uma interatividade entre seus visitantes.
REDES SOCIAIS
As redes sociais dominam o mundo da internet pro-
movendo uma interatividade bastante presente no mundo
digital, podemos citar como grandes destaques o Facebook,
Orkut, Youtube, Twitter. Esses ferramentas de Interao
presentes na internet nos faz cada vez mais estarmos ligados
a uma nova subdiviso de sociedade: a sociedade digital.
52 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

3- Armazenamento

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas
Stios de busca e pesquisa na Internet Armazenar contedo da web dentro do banco de dados
inclusive sintaxe de termos de busca do mecanismo de pesquisa essencial para uma pesquisa
rpida e fcil. A quantidade de contedo disponvel para o
(Google, Yahoo, Bing e Ask.com) usurio depende da quantidade de espao de armazenamento
disponvel. Os motores de busca maiores como Google e
Yahoo podem armazenar quantidades de dados que variam
Busca na Internet nos terabytes, oferecendo uma fonte maior de informao
Desde o incio da Internet, as pessoas tm, cada vez mais, disponvel para o usurio.
armazenado e postado grandes quantidades de dados que esto
facilmente acessveis on-line. A Internet agora tem uma quanti- 4- Resultados
dade incomensurvel de informaes valiosas. Os mecanismos Os resultados so os hiperlinks para sites que aparecem na
de busca so necessrios para localizar, classicar, armazenar pgina do mecanismo de pesquisa quando uma determinada
e classicar o valor dessas informaes na web. Os motores de palavra-chave ou frase consultada. Quando voc digita um
busca populares como o Google, Yahoo, Ask e o Bing encon- termo de pesquisa, o rastreador executado pelo ndice e cor-
tram as informaes relevante e as apresentam aos usurios. responde ao que voc digitou com outras palavras-chave. Algo-
A m de encontrar ecientemente uma informao especca, ritmos criados pelos designers de mecanismos de pesquisa so
entre tantos dados, importante para voc conhecer as quatro usados para fornecer os dados mais relevantes primeiro. Cada
principais funes dos motores de busca: mecanismo de pesquisa tem seu prprio conjunto de algoritmos
e, portanto, retorna resultados diferentes.
1- Rastejando
O rastreador, ou web spider, um componente de softwa-
re vital do mecanismo de busca. Ele essencialmente vasculha Google
a Internet para encontrar endereos de sites e os contedos
de um site para armazenamento no banco de dados do me- Indexador do Google
canismo de busca. O rastreamento pode digitalizar novas O Googlebot indexa o texto completo das pginas que
informaes na Internet ou localizar dados mais antigos. encontra. Estas pginas so armazenadas no banco de dados do
Rastejadores tm a capacidade de pesquisar uma vasta gama ndice do Google. Este ndice ordenado alfabeticamente pelo
de sites ao mesmo tempo e coletar grandes quantidades de termo de pesquisa, com cada entrada do ndice armazenando
informao simultaneamente. Isso permite que o mecanismo uma lista de documentos em que o termo aparece na localizao
de busca encontre o contedo atual em uma base horria. O dentro do texto em que ocorre. Esta estrutura de dados permite
Web Spider rasteja at que no encontre mais informao o acesso rpido aos documentos que contm os termos de con-
dentro de um local, tais como hyperlinks adicionais s pgi- sulta do usurio.
nas internas ou externas. Para melhorar o desempenho da pesquisa, o Google ignora
palavras comuns (como o , a, ou, de, como, porque, assim
2- Indexao como determinados dgitos e letras simples). Essas palavras so
Uma vez que o motor de busca rastreou o contedo da to comuns que eles no servem para especicar o que se est
Internet, indexa esse contedo com base na ocorrncia de procurando e, portanto, podem seguramente ser descartados. O
indexador ignora tambm alguns sinais de pontuao e espaos
frases-chave em cada site individual. Isso permite que uma
mltiplos, bem como a converso de todas as letras minsculas,
determinada consulta de pesquisa e assunto sejam encon-
para melhorar o desempenho do Google.
tradas facilmente. Palavras-chave so o grupo particular de
palavras usadas por um indivduo para pesquisar um deter-
Processador de expresses de busca do
minado tpico.
Google
A funo de indexao de um mecanismo de busca
O processador de consultas tem vrias partes, incluindo a
primeiro exclui quaisquer artigos desnecessrios e comuns,
interface do utilizador (caixa de pesquisa), o motor que avalia
como "o", "a" e "um". Depois de eliminar o texto comum,
as consultas e os resultados a documentos relevantes, e, nal-
ele armazena o contedo de forma organizada para acesso
mente, os resultados formatados.
rpido e fcil. Os designers de mecanismos de pesquisa de-
senvolvem algoritmos para pesquisar na web de acordo com PageRank o sistema do Google para classificar a
palavras-chave especcas e frases-chave. Esses algoritmos ordem de exibio das pginas. Uma pgina com um Page-
Rank mais elevado considerada mais importante e mais
combinam palavras-chave geradas pelo usurio e frases
provvel que seja mostrada acima de uma pgina com um
de palavras-chave para contedo encontrado dentro de um
PageRank mais baixo.
determinado site, usando o ndice.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 53
O Google considera mais de uma centena de fatores no Fazendo Buscas:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas
clculo de um PageRank e assim determinar quais so os
As buscas no Google no so sensveis a maisculas e
documentos mais relevantes para uma consulta, incluindo
minsculas. Todas as palavras, independentemente da forma
a popularidade da pgina, a posio e o tamanho dos termos
como forem escritas, sero entendidas como minsculas. Por
de pesquisa dentro da pgina, e a proximidade dos termos de
exemplo, buscas por "google", "GOOGLE" ou "GoOgLe"
pesquisa na pgina.
traro os mesmos resultados. As pesquisas padres do Goo-
O Google tambm aplica tcnicas, como, por exemplo, o gle no so sensveis a acentos ou sinais diacrticos, ou seja,
sistema de correo ortogrca para descobrir a inteno prov- [Muenchen] e [Mnchen] encontraro as mesmas pginas. Se
vel do usurio e criar alternativas. quiser discriminar as duas palavras, use um sinal + tanto para
A indexao do texto completo da web permite que o Goo- [+Muenchen] como para [+Mnchen], desta forma a busca
gle v alm da simples correspondncia de termos de pesquisa ser feita priorizando a palavra digitada, sendo que alguns sites
nicos. O Google d mais prioridade para pginas que tenham inserem em suas meta tags as duas palavras para que o site seja
termos de busca prximos uns dos outros e na mesma ordem referenciado independente da forma de pesquisa.
que a consulta. Considerando que o Google indexa o cdigo Comece digitando a palavra mais importante e o prprio
HTML, indo alm de somente o texto na pgina, os usurios Google dar algumas sugestes, com base em sua indexao, e
podem restringir as pesquisas com base em onde aparecem as voc escolhe o que mais corresponde a sua necessidade.
palavras consultadas, como por exemplo, no ttulo, na URL, no Para pesquisar uma frase utilize a frase entre aspas. Exem-
corpo, e em links para a pgina. plo: editora soluo
Quanto mais especca for a palavra, maior ser a chance de
obter resultados relevantes. Dessa forma [toques de celebrida-
Tipos de buscador
des] melhor do que [sons de celebridades]. Porm, lembre-se
Globais: so buscadores que pesquisam todos os docu- de que se a palavra tiver o signicado correto, mas no for a
mentos na rede, e a apresentao do resultado aleatria, mais usada pelas pessoas, ela poder no corresponder s pgi-
dependendo do ranking de acessos aos sites. As informaes nas que voc busca. Utilize palavras comuns.
podem referir-se a qualquer tema. Google, Yahoo, BING so os Antes de iniciar sua consulta, digite site:, aps a palavra-
buscadores globais mais acessados. -chave, se desejar que sua resposta venha de um site ou tipo
de site especco (.org, .edu). Por exemplo: site:edu ou
Verticais: so buscadores que realizam pesquisas espe- site:editorasolucao.com.br
cializadas em bases de dados prprias de acordo com suas
Sua pesquisa car assim: apostila BB site:editorasolucao.
propenses. Eventualmente, a incluso em um buscador vertical
com.br para pesquisar apostila do Banco do Brasil no site da
est relacionada ao pagamento de uma mensalidade ou de um
Editora Soluo.
valor por clique.Catho, BuscaP, SAPO e Oodle so alguns
exemplos de buscadores verticais. A pesquisa ignora pontuao. Isso inclui @#%^*()=[]\ e
outros caracteres especiais. No h a necessidade de utiliz-los.
Guias locais: so buscadores exclusivamente locais Lembre-se, seja o mais direto possvel.
ou regionais. As informaes se referem a endereos de Pesquise por tipos especcos de arquivos, como PDF, PPT,
empresas ou prestadores de servios. O resultado prio- ou XLS, adicionando letype: e a abreviao de trs letras aps
rizado pelo destaque de quem contrata o servio. telelista, as palavras chave. Ex: Apostila concurso bb letype:pdf ou
GuiaMais, AcheCerto entre outras. Geralmente so cadas- letype:doc
tros e publicaes pagas. indicado para profissionais e
Destaque palavras e caracteres comuns como o e e se eles
empresas que desejam oferecer seus produtos ou servios
forem essenciais para a sua pesquisa (como no ttulo de um
em uma regio, Estado ou Cidade.
lme ou livro) colocando-os entre aspas: "o". Voc tambm
Guias de busca local ou buscador local: so buscadores pode usar o sinal de menos "-" para especicar itens especcos
de abrangncia nacional que lista as empresas e prestadores que voc no deseja ver nos resultados, como ingredientes em
de servios prximos ao endereo do internauta a partir de uma receita.
um texto digitado. A proximidade avaliada normalmente Ex. tanque -roupa molho -tomate
pelo cep, ou por coordenadas de GPs. Geralmente os cadas- Utilizar o asterisco entre aspas o torna um coringa. (ex: caf
tros so gratuitos e apenas os destaques so pagos. indi- * leite: Google buscar ocorrncias de caf + qualquer palavra
cado para profissionais e empresas que desejam oferecer + leite.
seus produtos ou servios em uma Localidade, rua, bairro,
Use o operador related: para encontrar pginas com conte-
cidade, Estado.
do similar. Digite "related:" seguido pelo endereo do site. Por
54 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

exemplo, se voc encontrar um site de que gostou, tente usar Fale para pesquisar. Toque no boto de microfone na caixa

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas
related:[Insira o URL] para localizar sites similares. de pesquisa do Google, ou pressione por alguns segundos o
boto de pesquisa do telefone para ativar a tela "Fale agora". A
Ex. related:http://www.editorasolucao.com.br
Pesquisa por voz para Android suporta Voice Actions.
Fique dentro do seu oramento pesquisando apenas itens em
Algumas palavras, s vezes, so ignoradas pelo mecanismo
uma faixa de nmeros colocando ".." entre os valores.
de busca do Google. Isso acontece porque o Google utiliza o
Ex. smart tv 48 R$ 2.000,00..R$ 3.000,00. Tambm conceito de "stop words". "Stop Words" so palavras que o me-
funciona com dadas. Digite guerra 1910..1950 e o Google trar canismo ignora por serem irrelevantes maioria das pesquisas.
informaes sobre todas a s guerras ocorridas neste perodo.
Por exemplo, em Bolo de Chocolate a palavra "de" nor-
Converta qualquer medida (por exemplo, milhas para qui- malmente ignorada (a no ser que a frase inteira esteja entre
lmetros ou onas para litros) digitando o nmero e a unidade aspas duplas). Mas se usar aspas duplas no traz exatamente o
de medida. Ex: 20 milhas em km ou 84 dolares em reais resultado que voc deseja, existe uma outra maneira de fazer
(cotao atual) com que o Google inclua uma palavra digitada na pesquisa.
Basta acrescentar como prexo o sinal "+". Isso fora o meca-
Para ver a hora certa em qualquer lugar do mundo, pesquise
nismo a encontrar determinado termo.
por horrio e a cidade ou pas. Ex: horario berlin
Um bom exemplo seria procurar por Star Wars Episode
Quando estiver pesquisando, clique em "Ferramentas
I. Se voc no colocar a frase inteira entre aspas, o mecanismo
de pesquisa" no painel direita na pgina de resultados e, a
ir ignorar o "I". Para forar a pesquisa de "I", digite Star Wars
seguir, ltre por pas, idioma, data, resultados e localidade.
Episode +I. O sinal "+" tambm serve para fazer com que o
Esse recurso escolher o melhor idioma para pesquisar e
Google no procure por similares. Por exemplo, se voc digitar
fornecer resultados traduzidos.
favorite +book, o Google procurar por favorite e, tambm, por
Pesquise por meteorologia seguido por um CEP dos EUA favourite. Para evitar isso, acrescente um sinal de mais (+) em
ou o nome de qualquer cidade no mundo para obter a meteoro- favorite, ou seja, +favorite.
logia atual e a previso. Insira apenas meteorologia para obter
Observao: no coloque o sinal de + seguido de espao. O
a meteorologia do seu local atual. Ou ainda pode digitar clima sinal deve car "colado" na palavra desejada.
so paulo
Pode-se usar alguns caracteres para nos ajudar ltrarmos
Deseja pesquisar a web usando a cmera do celular em nossas pesquisas.
vez de palavras? Em um celular Android, abra o aplicativo
Google Goggles (em um iPhone, abra o aplicativo de Pesquisa O caractere PIPE, que uma barra vertical (|), no uma
do Google e selecione Goggles), tire uma foto do item sobre o letra, funciona como um operador OU, inclusive voc pode
qual deseja pesquisar e aguarde os resultados. No necessrio usar esta palavra no lugar do pipe que o resultado ser o mesmo.
Pesquise sobre uma determinada loja em SP, RJ ou MG desta
digitar.
forma: nome da loja RJ|SP|MG
Coloque dene: na frente de qualquer palavra para ver sua
denio. Ex: dene: hiperbolica
Calcule qualquer coisa. Insira qualquer equao matemtica Google Acadmico
na caixa de pesquisa e sua resposta ser calculada.
Sobre os ombros de gigantes. Esta a frase que aparece na
Ex: 450+125+250-832 pressionando o ENTER o resultado
pgina principal do Google Acadmico (http://scholar.google.
ser -7
com.br/). Como o prprio Google explica, trata-se de uma
Ex: 100*3,14-cos(83) citao de Isaac Newton: "Se vim mais longe foi por estar sobre
Adicione um CEP ao nal da pesquisa de local, como coste- os ombros de gigantes".
las de porco e obtenha resultados que mostram as churrascarias O Google utiliza essa frase porque sabe da importncia que a
mais prximas, junto com nmeros de telefone, um mapa e at pesquisa acadmica tem, anal, a prpria empresa surgiu em uma
comentrios. Se voc no incluir seu CEP, o Google poder universidade. O Google Acadmico (em ingls, Google Scholar)
sugerir locais prximos a voc. Ex. costela de porco 02022-901 serve justamente para auxili-lo a fazer pesquisas em materiais
Deseja saber onde se localiza um CEP ou um cdigo de gerados em meios educacionais. Assim, ao precisar buscar teses,
rea? Digite-o na caixa de pesquisa. Para mapear qualquer artigos, citaes, resumos, etc, experimente esta opo.
localidade, digite o nome ou CEP da cidade seguido pela
palavra "mapa" e voc ver o mapa do lugar. Clique nele
para v-lo no Google Maps.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 55
Impresso:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas
Por padro toda impressora, quando instalada, dene
Conceitos de Impresso automaticamente a impresso de 01 cpia de Todo o docu-
mento. Isto signica que ao clicar sobre um arquivo e mandar
imprimi-lo no Windows Explorer, ou em qualquer aplicativo do
Microsoft Ofce ou LibreOfce, clicar no boto de atalho da
IMPRIMIR DOCUMENTOS impressora, ser impresso uma cpia do arquivo.
No Windows, como em qualquer Sistema Operacional, Como tudo em informtica, esta congurao pode ser per-
possvel instalar quantas impressoras forem necessrias, sonalizada da melhor forma a atender seus objetivos. Na hora
porm, sempre haver uma impressora que ser a padro. da impresso voc pode visualizar antes de imprimir, como dito
para esta impressora, a padro, que sero encaminhados todos anteriormente, ou ainda utilizar a tela de impresso, presente em
os comandos para imprimir, caso no seja escolhida outra qualquer aplicativo, para denir:
impressora.
As impressoras podem ser locais ou em rede. As locais
so aquelas ligadas diretamente ao computador, sem passar
por um servidor de impresso. J as impressoras de rede so
conectadas a um servidor de impresso e ca disponvel para
qualquer dispositivo que tambm esteja conectado nesta mes-
ma rede.
Para imprimir um documento no necessrio abri-lo em
um aplicativo. Com o Windows Explorer escolha o arquivo
a ser impresso e basta clicar sobre ele com o boto secun-
drio do mouse, normalmente o direito, e escolher a opo
Imprimir.
O arquivo ser aberto pelo aplicativo padro que ir enviar
o arquivo impressora e ser fechado automaticamente pelo
Windows, desta forma voc economiza tempo. Lembrando
que nenhum arquivo pode ser impresso fechado. Por isso ele
aberto e fechado automaticamente pelo Windows.

Conceitos de Impresso e Digitalizao de

documentos:
Impresso transferir para o papel algo que voc tenha no
modo digital, ou seja, em seu PC, smartphone, cmera digital,
tablete, pginas WEB, etc.
Se voc estiver editando um documento ou uma planilha o
ideal voc visualizar a impresso antes de mandar imprimi-lo.
Desta forma voc poder fazer ajustes em margens ou tamanho
de imagens que resultaro em economia de folhas melhorar o Qual impressora ser enviado o arquivo: Como j
layout. dissemos, existe uma impressora padro, caso voc
decida enviar seu arquivo para ser impresso em outra
A digitalizao o inverso, transferir para um meio digital impressora basta deni-la aqui.
algo que voc tenha no papel, como documentos, fotos, plani-
Quantas cpias ser impresso: Escolha quantas cpias
lhas, etc.
quer imprimir do arquivo.
A digitalizao poder ser feita transformando o arquivo Quais pginas, ou intervalos, sero impresso: possvel
em uma foto, PDF ou ainda em um arquivo editvel, como no imprimir uma parte do documento que estiver seleciona-
Word, graas ao uso do sistema OCR. da, imprimir a pgina atual, um intervalo ou sequncia
Importante: Todas as configuraes descritas aqui determinada, ou ainda, imprimir algumas informaes
dependem do software da sua impressora/scanner. Cada sobre as propriedades do arquivo como: Propriedades,
modelo e fabricante podem trazer configuraes e atributos Marcao, Estilos, Auto texto, Atribuio de teclas,
diferentes. somente paginas pares ou somente pginas impares.
56 = Noes de I nformtica A soluo para seu concurso

Pginas: Digite nmeros de pginas e/ou intervalos de Imprimindo Frente e verso (Duplex)

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas
pginas separados por vrgula, contando do incio do
Se sua impressora no der suporte impresso duplex
documento ou da seo. Por exemplo, digite 1, 3, 5-12
automtica, voc ter duas outras opes. Voc pode usar a
ou p1s1, p1s2, p1s3-p8s3.
impresso duplex manual ou pode imprimir pginas pares e
Imprimir em Um Lado: Permite imprimir tambm nos mpares separadamente.
Dois Lados (Inverter pgina na borda longa Os dois
lados sero impressos na mesma orientao), ou nos
Dois Lados (Inverter pgina na borda curta a segunda Imprimir usando duplex manual
folha car de ponta cabea da folha 1) ou ainda impri- Se a impressora no der suporte impresso duplex auto-
mir manualmente nos Dois Lados. mtica, voc poder marcar a caixa de seleo Frente e Verso
Agrupado Desagrupado: manual na caixa de dilogo Imprimir. O Microsoft Ofce
Word imprimir todas as pginas que aparecerem em um lado
do papel e pedir que voc vire a pilha e insira as pginas na
impressora novamente.

Imprimir pginas pares e mpares

Voc tambm pode usar o seguinte procedimento para
imprimir nos dois lados:
1. No seu aplicativo abra as opes de impresso.
2. Localize o comando de pginas e comande a impresso
das Pginas mpares.
3. Clique em OK.
4. Depois que as pginas mpares forem impressas, inverta a
pilha de pginas e, em seguida, selecione Pginas pares.

Repare que as duas opes so muito semelhante, e obri-

gam voc a reinserir as pginas na impressora.

Para saber se sua impressora possui suporte a impresso

frente e verso, chamada de duplex, clique em Iniciar o Painel
de Controle o Hardware e Sons o Dispositivos e Impressoras
no Windows Vista e 7. Clique com o boto secundrio do
mouse sobre a impressora desejada e clique em Propriedade
Esta funo aplica-se quando forem impressos vrias de Impresso.
cpias. Quando selecionamos Agrupado e imprimimos trs Navegando nesta janela voc saber se sua impressora possui
cpias por exemplo, a impressora ir imprimir o documento a opo de imprimir frente e verso automtico.
todo antes de iniciar outra copia. Quando selecionamos De-
Abaixo, como exemplo, est a gura das Propriedade de
sagrupado e solicitamos as mesmas trs cpias, a impressora
Impresso da impressora Epson TX200.
ir imprimir trs cpias da pgina 1, depois trs cpias da
pgina 2 e assim por diante at imprimir trs cpias da ltima
folha. Esta opo altera somente a sequncia como as folhas
sero impressas.
Orientao: Retrato ou paisagem
Tamanho da pgina: Um erro comum congurarmos
um documento do Word por exemplo, numa folha
tamanho A4, sulte, e imprimirmos este documento
numa folha tamanho carta ou letter. O documen-
to sair descongurado pois a folha carta menor
e mais larga que a folha A4. Devemos observar se o
mesmo tipo de folha que elaboramos o documento
o mesmo que est congurado e inserido na impres-
sora.
Margens: possvel alterar as margens do documentos
atravs desta janela
1 Pgina por folha: Nesta congurao possvel im-
primir vrias pginas numa mesma folha. Neste caso
o tamanho das pginas sero reduzidas at que caibam
todas as pginas que voc escolher.
Como j mencionamos as opes de impresso iro depen-
der do software do seu dispositivo e do aplicativo utilizado.
Vamos ver algumas opes que so encontradas em diversos
dispositivos e analisar como eles funcionam.
 A soluo para seu concurso N oes de I nformtica = 57
A primeira congurao que observamos a de Qualidade Esta opo ecaz especialmente para imagens com expo-

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de impresso onde temos as seguintes opes: sio a mais ou a menos brilho. A exposio afetada pelos
Rascunho: Neste modo a impressora economiza tinta, nveis de luz sob os quais a fotograa foi tirada. (Se houver luz
aumenta a velocidade de impresso, porm a impres- extrema ou luz com sombra).
so ca bem clara, com as cores bastante reduzidas e Imprimir Imagens de Baixa Resoluo sem Problemas
apagadas. Pode imprimir os contornos de imagens de baixa resoluo,
Texto: Ideal para imprimir textos de