Tobacco Use and Drug Use.
Habitual and/or high-volume smoking
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/substan
ce-abuse-cardiovascular-disease/#alcohol-
abuse
Injuries: (intentional or unintentional)
Diseases
HIV/STI Unintended pregnancy
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-
lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-
depth/pregnancy/art-20045977
is regarded as a risk factor for
peripheral artery disease
Illicit drug use may be associated with
the increased risk of cardiovascular
disease. A study on the need for
hospitalization in approximately 4800
drug users found that 223 of these
were admitted to hospital due to
cardiovascular disease1. This was the
fourth most common reason,
exceeded only by psychoses,
schizophrenia and depression
respectively
The use of some drugs may also be
related to deteriorations and increased
mortality in those with pre-existing
cardiovascular disease. For example,
one in five adults aged 18 to 44 who
had experienced a stroke in 2005 had
abused illicit drugs
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Coronary artery disease
Myocardial infarction
congestive heart failure
Atrial fibrillation
Pregnancy stresses your heart and
circulatory system. During pregnancy,
your blood volume increases by 30 to
50 percent to nourish your growing
baby, your heart pumps more blood
each minute and your heart rate
increases
Heart rhythm issues. Minor
abnormalities in heart rhythm are
common during pregnancy.
Heart valve issues. Having an artificial
heart valve or scarring or
malformation of your heart or valves
can increase your risk of
complications during pregnancy
Congestive heart failure. As blood
volume increases, congestive heart
failure can worsen.
Congenital heart defect If you were
born with a heart problem, your baby
has a greater risk of developing some

Alcohol Use
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/substan
ce-abuse-cardiovascular-disease/#alcohol-
abuse
Nutrition
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-
healthy-diet/art-20047702?pg=2
Physical Fitness
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLivi
ng/PhysicalActivity/FitnessBasics/American-
Heart-Association-Recommendations-for-
Physical-Activity-in-
Adults_UCM_307976_Article.jsp#.Wf4_8CKP
Lrc
type of heart defect, too.
Alcohol abuse may also lead to
cardiomyopathy
A study including 73 patients with
heart failure found that 17.8% of these
had a history of alcohol or substance
abuse
On the other hand, low to moderate
alcohol consumption may be
associated with the reduced risk of
some disorders, including stroke
Some researchers claim that alcohol
consumption is associated with
positive effects on cardiovascular
health, by promoting the anti-
atherosclerosis blood proteins HDL,
or high-density lipoproteins
Control your portion size
Eat more vegetables and fruits
Select whole grains
Limit unhealthy fats
Choose low-fat protein sources
Reduce the sodium in your food
Plan ahead: Create daily menus
Allow yourself an occasional treat
At least 30 minutes of moderate-
intensity aerobic activity at least 5
days per week for a total of 150
At least 25 minutes of vigorous
aerobic activity at least 3 days per
week for a total of 75 minutes; or a
combination of moderate- and
vigorous-intensity aerobic activity
Moderate- to high-intensity muscle-
strengthening activity at least 2 days
per week for additional health
benefits.
An average 40 minutes of moderate-
to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity 3
or 4 times per week