IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO.
4, APRIL 2013
Millimeter-Wave Electronically Steerable Integrated
Lens Antennas for WLAN/WPAN Applications
Alexey Artemenko, Member, IEEE, Alexander Maltsev, Member, IEEE, Andrey Mozharovskiy,
Alexey Sevastyanov, Vladimir Ssorin, and Roman Maslennikov, Member, IEEE
AbstractThis paper presents design and experimental verifi-
cation of electronically steerable integrated lens antennas (ILAs)
for WLAN/WPAN communication systems operating in the
60-GHz frequency band. The antenna is comprised of a quartz
extended hemispherical lens, four switched aperture coupled
microstrip antenna (ACMA) elements, and a distribution circuit
based on SPDT MMIC switches. The designed ILAs are capable
of electronic steering between four different antenna main beam
directions in one plane. Fixed beam and electronically steerable
ILA prototypes are fabricated and tested. The results are given
for two quartz dielectric lenses with the radii of 7.5 and 12.5 mm
in order to meet a wide range of WLAN/WPAN requirements.
The measured maximum gains of the designed ILAs are 18.4 and
23.2 dBi. The experimental results of the fabricated electronically
steerable quartz ILA prototypes prove the simulation results
and show 35 and 22 angle sector coverage for the lenses
with the 7.5 and 12.5 mm radii, respectively. The bandwidth of
the ILAs exceeds the frequency band of 5766 GHz allocated
for WLAN/WPAN applications. The designed ILAs meet all
the requirements for steerable directional antennas of 60-GHz
WLAN/WPAN systems.
Index TermsIntegrated lens antennas (ILAs), microstrip an-
tenna arrays, millimeter-wave measurements, wireless local and
personal area network (WLAN/WPAN).
I. INTRODUCTION
A N increased demand for very high throughput wire-
less communication systems requires utilization of
microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands. The large li-
cense-exempt band around the 60-GHz frequency is especially
interesting for development of millimeter-wave wireless local
and personal area network (WLAN/WPAN) communication
systems with the throughput of the order of several gigabits
per second. Due to large free-space channel attenuation, the
antenna system of the devices operating in this frequency band
should have a high gain and an electronic beam steering ca-
pability to be able to automatically establish a communication
path using the directional antennas.
The 60-GHz communication systems are already entering
into the service and, therefore, different electronically steerable
directional antenna technologies are a subject of significant
Manuscript received April 29, 2012; revised October 10, 2012; accepted Oc-
tober 15, 2012. Date of publication December 11, 2012; date of current version
April 03, 2013.
The authors are with Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,
Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia (e-mail: alexey.artemenko@wcc.unn.ru).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2012.2232266
0018-926X/$31.00 2012 IEEE
1665
interest for millimeter-wave WLAN/WPAN applications, in-
cluding conventional phased arrays of planar radiators [1], and
a number of alternative technologies [2][4]. One of promising
alternatives to the phased arrays for the millimeter-wave band
is integrated lens antennas (ILAs) [5][10], which provide both
high directivity and electronic beam steering capabilities re-
quired for the aforementioned applications. A narrow antenna
beam is formed in an ILA by a dielectric lens that focuses ra-
diation from each of the primary antenna elements in an array
placed on the lens back plane surface. Beam steering is real-
ized by a switching circuit that activates one of the antenna
elements in the array providing one of the predefined antenna
beams.
The advantages of using ILAs instead of the antenna arrays
are in additional design flexibility by allowing to realize antenna
systems with more gain but less antenna elements, providing the
possibility of trading the number of antenna elements versus
the antenna angular scanning range, and in utilization of RF
switches instead of phase shifters.
In this paper, design and experimental characterization
of electronically steerable integrated lens antennas for
WLAN/WPAN communication systems are reported. The
designed ILAs use quartz extended hemispherical lenses with
the radii of 7.5 and 12.5 mm and operate in the 60-GHz fre-
quency band. The designed antennas and initial simulation
results were briefly described in [11]. This paper extends
the previously published work and provides a more detailed
description of the prototypes design and an updated full set of
measurements, including experimental results for the radiation
patterns and the absolute gain values.
II. FEED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ELEMENT DESIGN
A typical integrated lens antenna consists of a dielectric lens
of the elliptical or quasi-elliptical shape and a planar array of
switched antenna elements mounted on the back focal plane of
the lens. The feed elements are located in different displace-
ments relatively to the lens central axis. A structure of an ILA
with the antenna array realized on planar substrate is shown in
Fig. 1.
Common requirements to the antenna elements in the feed
array are a low back-to-front radiation ratio and effective illu-
mination of the internal lens surface. Also, it is important to have
the dielectric permittivity of the array substrate close to the di-
electric permittivity of the used lens material in order to elimi-
nate surface waves in the substrate.
In this work, a high-frequency PCB technology based on
Rogers 4003C substrate ( 3.53 and 0.0058@60
1666 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO. 4, APRIL 2013
Fig. 1. Typical ILA structure.
Fig. 2. Structure of the designed ACMA antenna element.
GHz) was chosen for its low cost (compared with LTCC and
LCP) and low loss in the 60-GHz frequency band. In addition,
since the dielectric permittivity of the substrate material is
close to the dielectric permittivity of the quartz lens 3.8
surface waves excitation is neglected. This is the advantage of
the quartz lens for the considered ILA design in comparison
with other materials widely used for the lens fabrication, such
as teflon, rexolite, and silicon.
In order to provide a low back-to-front radiation ratio, a
planar aperture coupled microstrip antenna (ACMA) element
[12] was chosen for the array design. The three-layer structure
of the designed ACMA antenna element is shown in Fig. 2. A
feed microstrip line ( 0.45 mm) on the top PCB layer
is electromagnetically coupled through a narrow slot aperture
(the aperture size is 0.99 0.2 mm ) in the ground plane with
a patch (the patch size is 0.8 0.7 mm ) on the bottom PCB
layer. The length of the matching stub of the microstrip line
is 0.4 mm, and the substrate thicknesses are
0.203 mm, 0.101 mm.
Full electromagnetic simulations of the designed ACMA an-
tenna element were performed using specialized software tool
CST Microwave Studio, assuming that the antenna elements ra-
diate into an infinitely thick lossless quartz half-space with the
dielectric permittivity equal to 3.8.
It was shown during the simulations that the designed ACMA
antenna element has 16.8-GHz bandwidth (28% of the central
60-GHz frequency) for the 10-dB level of the return loss. The
achieved bandwidth exceeds the frequency range of 5766 GHz
commonly used in different countries for WLAN/WPAN mil-
limeter-wave communication systems.
Fig. 3. Radiation pattern cuts of the designed single ACMA antenna element
mounted on an infinitely thick quartz half-space.
Fig. 3 shows the E- and H-plane radiation pattern cuts of the
designed single ACMA antenna element mounted on an infin-
itely thick quartz half-space at the 60-GHz frequency. It may
be seen that the directivity of the designed ACMA feed antenna
element inside the lens body is 8.5 dBi. According to the per-
formed simulations, the ACMA antenna element radiation effi-
ciency is about 88%.
III. DESIGN OF LENS SHAPE USING
ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS
Accurate selection of the lens-shape parameters should be
performed to optimize the ILAs characteristics. In particular, the
effective illuminated internal lens surface can be altered by vari-
ation of the extension length of the extended hemispherical lens
that leads to changing the ILA directivity for each electronically
switched beam [7].
The lens radii of 7.5 and 12.5 mm were selected to provide
the directivity of 1923 dBi that is sufficient for typical appli-
cations of steerable antennas in the millimeter-wave WLAN/
WPAN communication systems [13]. For each lens, a series of
full-wave simulations was performed in order to select the ex-
tension length that would maximize the gain of the lenses and
allow scanning in the required angular sector. The simulated
structures included both the lens and the ACMA antenna ele-
ment located at different displacements of the lens axis, i.e.,
to increase the accuracy, no approximation of the antenna ele-
ment by its directivity pattern was used.
The resulted absolute ILA gain versus the relative displace-
ment for the two different values of the extension length is illus-
trated in Fig. 4 for the lenses of both diameters. The first value
corresponds to the maximum ILA boresight directivity ( 5.5
and 9.0 mm for the small and large lenses, respectively), while
the second valueto the minimum directivity degradation in
a wide scanning range ( 4.0 and 7.0 mm, respectively). It
is demonstrated that for the relative displacements lower than
0.35 (equal to 2.6 mm and 4.4 mm for the considered
lens diameters), the ILAs gain is up to 2.5 dB greater for the
ARTEMENKO et al.: MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTRONICALLY STEERABLE INTEGRATED LENS ANTENNAS
Fig. 4. ILA gain as a function of the relative displacement for the quartz
lenses with 7.5 mm and 12.5 mm for different extension lengths.
extension lengths corresponding to the maximum boresight di-
rectivity. In addition, for the larger displacements, the difference
between directivities corresponding to the considered extension
lengths is below 1 dB for both lenses. Comparing the results for
the two cases, the lenses with the extension lengths of 5.5
and 9.0 mm providing the maximum boresight directivity were
chosen for the final design and prototyping.
It is known that the maximum boresight directivity is provided
for the antenna element having a particular level of the radia-
tion pattern at the edge of the focusing (hemispherical) part of
the lens. According to [14], the optimal edge illumination level
for the quartz lenses should be about 810 dB lower than the
front-side radiation. The angle size of the hemispherical part of
the chosen lenses is equal to 54 . Thus, the designed ACMA
antenna element provides the edge illumination level of 7 dB
below the maximum directivity of the central beam (see Fig. 3)
that is close to the optimal value. Radiation outside the 54
angle sector is spillover radiation from the cylindrical extension
that leads to an increased sidelobes level of the lens antenna.
A specific lens shape can influence the antenna element char-
acteristics (particularly the reflection coefficient) due to internal
reflections observed in the lens body [15]. This effect for the
designed ACMA antenna element and selected lens shapes was
also investigated by EM simulations.
The reflection coefficients S of the single ACMA antenna
element mounted on an infinitely thick quartz half-space and
on the back plane of the described lenses are shown in Fig. 5.
It may be seen that integrating the antenna element to the plane
surface of the lens leads to appearance of ripples in the S char-
acteristic. The amplitude and frequency period of these ripples
depend on the lens size and chosen extension length and also on
the antenna element displacement. A more detailed explanation
of these effects can be found in [16].
However, as it is seen from Fig. 5, the internal reflections for
the designed lenses and antenna element are not significant in
the band of interest (S is lower than 10 dB) and allow us to
achieve the bandwidth of the antenna wider than the required
range of 5766 GHz.
1667
Fig. 5. Electromagnetic simulation results for the reflection coefficients of the
ACMA antenna element mounted on an infinitely thick quartz half-space and
on the back planes of the described lenses.
TABLE I
SIMULATED ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DESIGNED ILAS
IV. FEED ARRAY DESIGN
A typical requirement for steerable antennas is that neigh-
boring beams should overlap with each other at the 3-dB level
to allow for effective scanning. It was determined that the 3-dB
beamwidths of the designed ILAs with the ACMA antenna el-
ement are 16.0 and 10.1 for the small and large lenses, re-
spectively. Thus, in order to satisfy this requirement, antenna
elements in the array should be placed at about 2 mm from each
other (for the lenses of both radii). For a four-element array con-
sidered in this paper, the displacements of the feed ACMA an-
tenna elements in the array relative to the lens axis were chosen
as 3 1 1 and 3 mm along one line, providing steering ca-
pabilities of the ILAs in the H plane only.
It may be seen from Fig. 4 that in this case the gain degrada-
tions of the outer radiators ( mm displacement) relatively to
the inner ones ( mm displacement) are only about 2 dB and
1 dB for the small and large lenses respectively. The simulated
electrical characteristics of the designed ILAs for the chosen an-
tenna element displacements are shown in Table I.
The results presented in Table I were calculated in the as-
sumption that there is no coupling between the antenna ele-
ments. However, in practical situations, antenna elements cou-
pling can have an impact on the reflection coefficient and on the
radiation pattern of the ILA. In order to evaluate significance of
such effects for the considered system, the ACMA antenna array
integrated on the designed lenses was simulated using CST Mi-
crowave Studio. The obtained results have shown that isolation
1668
Fig. 6. Photograph of the fabricated PCB with the feed ACMA antenna array
and mounted RF switches.
Fig. 7. Photo of the assembled ILA prototypes.
between any two of the antenna elements exceeds 25 dB for both
considered lenses. The radiation pattern distortions are also not
very significant, and the directivities presented in Table I are ac-
curate within 0.5-dB variations among frequency and chosen
displacements.
A photograph of the fabricated PCB with the antenna array
and mounted RF switches is shown in Fig. 6 (radiating patches
are on the back side of the board).
In order to provide electronically controllable beam
switching, a corporate distribution circuit with three RF
single-pole-double-through switches (Hittite HMC-SDD112)
was implemented on the PCB board. Each switch has about
2.5 dB on-state loss and 25-dB off-state isolation in any of the
output branches. Those RF switches were mounted in special
cavities on the top PCB dielectric layer using conductive glue
and connected to the microstrip lines by wire bonds with the
minimum allowed length. It is important to note that one of
possible improvements for the losses in the feeding circuit is
using flip-chip connected switches instead of the wire bonds
when the corresponding integrated circuits become available
for the 60-GHz band.
V. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The extended hemispherical quartz lenses with the radii of 7.5
and 12.5 mm and the extension lengths of 5.5 and 9 mm, respec-
tively, and the PCB array of four designed ACMA feed antenna
elements were fabricated for experimental measurements. The
designed PCB board was mounted on the back surface of the
lenses using an organic glass fixture as is shown in Fig. 7.
Agilent E8257D signal generator combined with external
S12MS mixer from Oleson Microwave Labs, Morgan Hill, CA,
USA) was used as a 60-GHz signal source during measurements
of the designed ILAs. In order to focus the transmitted radiation
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO. 4, APRIL 2013
Fig. 8. The structure of the designed waveguide-to-microstrip transition.
to the direction where the ILA prototype is located, a rectan-
gular horn antenna with the aperture size of 18 mm 14 mm
from Mi-Wave, Inc., Largo, FL, USA, was used.
The assembled ILA module was placed on a 3D positioner
mounted on a tripod. Signal power measurements were per-
formed using an Agilent spectrum analyzer E4407B, together
with an external downconversion mixer 11970V with the wave-
guide WR-15 input interface.
A dedicated planar waveguide-to-microstrip transition was
developed in order to transmit the signal from the microstrip
line to the waveguide. The proximity coupled structure of the
waveguide-to-microstrip transition is shown in Fig. 8. It con-
sists of a resonant patch on the top metal layer, a microstrip line
together with a parasitic patch on the first internal layer, ground
plane on the second internal layer, and metal via holes around
the waveguide perimeter. Metal via holes allow placing the res-
onant patch inside the waveguide structure and, therefore, en-
hance electromagnetic coupling between the microstrip line and
the patch.
The designed transition was implemented on the same PCB
board together with the array of the ACMA antenna elements.
The microstrip line on the internal PCB layer jumps to the top
PCB layer after the transition using the set of additional via
holes in order to properly feed the ACMA antenna elements.
Using the developed waveguide-to-microstrip transition, the
downconversion mixer with the waveguide input interface and
the lens are separated on the opposite sides of the PCB board.
This allows for more accurate experimental measurements
of the designed electronically steerable ILAs. Electromag-
netic simulations of the designed transition together with the
microstrip line jump have shown 1.5-dB loss at the 60-GHz
frequency and a more than 18-GHz bandwidth at the 3-dB level
of insertion loss. Experimental measurements of the designed
microstrip-to-waveguide transition have proved the simulation
results.
A photograph of the ILA placed on the 3D positioner
mounted on the tripod during the measurements is shown in
Fig. 9. The angle step during radiation pattern measurements
was set to 2.5 that provided sufficient accuracy of the re-
sults. Measurements of the radiation patterns were performed
automatically using in-house software controlling spectrum an-
alyzer and orientation of the positioner with the ILA prototype.
VI. MEASUREMENT RESULTS
As a first stage of the measurements, fixed-beam ILA proto-
types with the centered ACMA antenna element were experi-
mentally investigated. Those measurements were performed in
ARTEMENKO et al.: MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTRONICALLY STEERABLE INTEGRATED LENS ANTENNAS
Fig. 9. A photograph of the ILA placed on a 3D positioner mounted on a tripod
during measurements.
Fig. 10. Measured 60-GHz radiation patterns cuts in E and H planes for the
quartz lens with the radius of (a) 7.5 mm and (b) 12.5 mm with the centered
ACMA antenna element.
order to verify characteristics of the optimized lens. The resulted
60-GHz radiation patterns cuts in E and H planes for the fixed
beam quartz lenses with the radii of (a) 7.5 mm and (b) 12.5 mm
are shown in Fig. 10.
Good correspondence (especially for the large lens) between
the simulation and measurement results can be observed. The
increased level of side lobe radiation in Fig. 10(a) can be ex-
plained by impact of the experimental setup and surroundings
that causes the multipath propagation from the source to the
ILA. For the large lens, the latter effect is not significant since
the ILA is more directive.
Also the gain levels were experimentally investigated for the
fixed-beam ILA prototypes. The losses in the designed wave-
1669
Fig. 11. Measured 60-GHz radiation patterns cuts in H plane for the steerable
quartz ILAs with the radius of (a) 7.5 mm and (b) 12.5 mm.
guide-to-microstrip transition and in the microstrip line were es-
timated as 1.25 dB/cm for the line and 1.5 dB for the transition.
Gain calculations were performed using the Friis transmission
equation [17] for the known loss levels in the feed circuit and
the known transmitted power and horn antenna gain. The ex-
perimentally estimated gains of the ILA are equal to 18.4 and
23.2 dBi for the 7.5- and 12.5-mm radius lenses, respectively,
that is within 1-dB error from the simulated values.
For the designed steerable ILA prototypes, only radiation pat-
tern measurements for each of the four beam positions were
performed. Experimental absolute gain estimation in this case
is quite complicated since the feed circuit includes wire-bonded
MMIC switches whose losses are known with poor accuracy.
The simulated and measured 60-GHz gain patterns of the
designed steerable ILAs with the radius of 7.5 mm are shown in
Fig. 11(a) and for the lens with the radius of 12.5 mm in Fig. 11(b).
The experimental results of the fabricated electronically steer-
able quartz ILA prototypes have shown about 35 and 22
angle sector coverage for the lenses with the 7.5- and 12.5-mm
radii, respectively. The degradation of the beam directivity be-
tween the inner and outer radiators is 2 and 0.9 dB for the small
and large lenses, respectively. The measurement results are in
good accordance with the simulated ones in terms of the beam de-
viations and the beam widths. Some distortions in the main beam
directions and an increased level of the sidelobes for the small
lens are observed and are attributed to the influence of the test
fixture and surroundings. In addition, the switches performance
could degrade due to impact of the wire bonds that leads to addi-
tional coupling between the antenna elements.
1670 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO. 4, APRIL 2013
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper presented design and experimental characteriza-
tion of beam-steerable ILAs for 60-GHz WLAN/WPAN ap-
plications. The results of simulation and experimental investi-
gation of quartz electronically steerable ILAs for the 60-GHz
frequency band are reported. The designed ILAs comprise an
extended hemispherical quartz lenses with the radii of 7.5 and
12.5 mm in order to meet a wide range of WLAN/WPAN re-
quirements. The feed array consists of four switched aperture
coupled microstrip antenna (ACMA) elements providing elec-
tronic beam steering in the H plane by switching between four
different directions of the main radiation pattern lobe.
Achieved maximum experimental gains of the boresight
beam of the designed ILAs are 18.4 and 23.2 dBi, respectively,
which are in good accordance with the simulation results. The
experimental results of the fabricated electronically steerable
quartz ILA prototypes prove the simulation results and show
35 and 22 angle sector coverage for the lenses with the
7.5- and 12.5-mm radii, respectively. The bandwidth of the
designed antenna systems measured at the 10-dB level of the
return loss is 5268 GHz, which is well in excess of the required
5766-GHz frequency band allocated for WLAN/WPAN ap-
plications in different countries.
The obtained results demonstrate that the designed ILAs can
be used as steerable directional antennas for the millimeter-
wave WLAN/WPAN communication systems, providing suffi-
ciently high directivity and electronic switching of the antenna
main beam direction.
The proposed systems are expected to find their way into the
60-GHz WLAN/WPAN applications, and further research di-
rections will include prototyping of 2D scanning ILAs and ar-
bitrary lens shape optimization for compensation of the gain
degradation during scanning.
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Alexey Artemenko (M12) was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 1983. He
received the M.S. degree in radio physics from Lobachevsky State University
of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 2005.
From 2006 to 2009, he was a Research Scientist with the Wireless Standards
and Technology Group, Intel Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory, Nizhny Novgorod,
Russia. Since 2009, he has been a Senior Research Scientist at the Wireless
Competence Center of the University of Nizhny Novgorod. His research in-
terests are millimeter-wave antenna design, including steerable lens antennas,
small antenna development, and RF design.
Alexander Maltsev (M03) received the Candidate of Science degree and the
Doctor of Science degree, both in radio physics, from Lobachevsky State Uni-
versity of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 1975 and 1990, re-
spectively.
He held the positions of a Senior Lecturer (from 1975 to 1978), an Asso-
ciate Professor (from 1979 to 1990), and a Full Professor (from 1990 to 1994)
at the University of Nizhny Novgorod. From 1978 to 1979, he was a Visiting
Researcher in the IREX program at the School of Physics, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. In April 2001, he joined Intel Corporation
and contributed to the development of wireless communication systems and the
IEEE and 3GPP standardization bodies. Since April 2006, he has been an Intel
Principal Engineer managing the Advanced Development team. He is author of
numerous papers in refereed journals and conferences proceedings. He holds
more than 50 U.S. patents with about 50 additional patent filings. His research
interests include optimal and adaptive statistical signal processing, adaptive
antenna arrays, space-time signal processing in a nonstationary environment,
MIMO-OFDM communication systems, including Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE,
and millimeter-wave communication systems.
Andrey Mozharovskiy was born in Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, in 1989. He re-
ceived the M.S. degree in radio physics from the Lobachevsky State University
of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 2011. He has been working
towards the Ph.D. degree in radio physics since 2010 at Lobachevsky State Uni-
versity.
Since 2011, he has been a Research Scientist in the Wireless Competence
Center of the University of Nizhny Novgorod. His main fields of interest include
analysis and optimization of millimeter-wave antennas and dielectric lenses.
ARTEMENKO et al.: MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTRONICALLY STEERABLE INTEGRATED LENS ANTENNAS
Alexey Sevastyanov was born in Pavlovo, Russia, in 1982. He received the
B.S. and M.S. degrees from Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 2003 and 2005, respectively, both in radio physics.
Since 2005, he has been working as a Research Scientist for the Wireless
Competence Center of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,
Russia. His research interests include antenna design, millimeter-wave wireless
communication systems development, and prototyping.
Vladimir Ssorin was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 1986. He received
the B.S. and M.S. degrees in radio physics from Lobachevsky State Univer-
sity of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, in 2007 and 2009, respectively, both in radio
physics.
Since 2007, he has been a Research Scientist of the Wireless Competence
Center of the University Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. His
research interests include antenna systems for wireless communications,
millimeter-wave planar and waveguide systems design, RF blocks packaging,
and assembly for high frequencies.
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Roman Maslennikov (M03) received the M.S. degree in radio physics from
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia,
in 2002.
From 2003 to 2009, he was a Research Scientist with the Wireless Stan-
dards and Technology Group, Intel Nizhny Novgorod Laboratory, Nizhny Nov-
gorod, Russia, working on physical-layer aspects of next-generation Wi-Fi and
WiMAX systems and contributed to the IEEE 802.11ad and IEEE 802.16 m
standards development. Since 2009, he has been a technical manager of the
Wireless Competence Center of the University of Nizhny Novgorod and is in-
volved in multiple research projects on wireless communications. He holds 12
U.S. patents and has authored more than 40 technical papers. His research inter-
ests include optimal and adaptive signal processing for wireless communication
systems, multiple-antenna algorithms, steerable antennas, and millimeter-wave
wireless communication systems.